FR2941825A1 - Device for protecting chopper type electronic power supply against short circuit and overload, has change-over switch charging primary winding of transformer during one phase, and diode transferring energy to load during another phase - Google Patents

Device for protecting chopper type electronic power supply against short circuit and overload, has change-over switch charging primary winding of transformer during one phase, and diode transferring energy to load during another phase Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2941825A1
FR2941825A1 FR0900388A FR0900388A FR2941825A1 FR 2941825 A1 FR2941825 A1 FR 2941825A1 FR 0900388 A FR0900388 A FR 0900388A FR 0900388 A FR0900388 A FR 0900388A FR 2941825 A1 FR2941825 A1 FR 2941825A1
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diode
phase
overload
switch
short circuit
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French (fr)
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Jacques Rene Claude Froidefond
Jacques Emile Boudan
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The device has a change-over switch charging a primary winding of a transformer with energy during a phase of an operating cycle of a chopper. A diode (1) placed at a secondary winding of the transformer charges a capacitor (12). The diode transfers energy to a load (2) during another phase of the cycle. An opto-coupler (3) detects overload supplied via the diode, so as to block the switch in an open position. A circuit creates an image of switching signal to control the opening and closing of the switch for creating a signal to reduce closing time of the switch during short circuit/overload.

Description

Le dispositif suivant l'invention s'applique aux alimentations électroniques connues sous le nom de hacheurs, particulièrement à celles réalisant un isolement galvanique entre la source et l'utilisation et mettant en oeuvre le procédé de commutation à courant nul. The device according to the invention applies to electronic power supplies known as choppers, particularly to those providing galvanic isolation between the source and the use and implementing the zero-current switching method.

Suivant ce procédé, et dans le cadre du brevet, le dispositif interdit la commutation tant que le courant secondaire n'est pas nul. According to this method, and in the context of the patent, the device prohibits switching as long as the secondary current is not zero.

Figure 1 1-circuits de commande 2- commutateur 3-transformateur 4-diode 5-utilisation 6-optocoupleur 7-moins de l'alimentation continue 8-plus de l'alimentation(alimentation continue ou redressée) 9-moins de l'utilisation 10-borne de sortie du transformateur 11-plus de l'alimentation continue 12-signal de l'opto coupleur Figure 1 1-control circuit 2-switch 3-transformer 4-diode 5-use 6-optocoupler 7-minus continuous supply 8-plus power supply (continuous or rectified power supply) 9-less use 10-terminal transformer output 11-plus 12-signal continuous supply of opto coupler

Pour clarifier l'exposé , nous décrirons un cycle de fonctionnement d'un hacheur suivant notre définition et représenté sur la figure 1 donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif. T est la période d'un cycle, tc est la première phase du cycle pendant laquelle le commutateur 2 charge en énergie le primaire du transformateur 3. tr est la seconde phase pendant laquelle la diode 4 transfert l'énergie dans l'utilisation 5. ts est la troisième phase permettant le contrôle du transfert total de l'énergie. Les paramètres du circuit sont dimensionnés pour que le temps tc fixé par le circuit 1 correspondant, en régime normal à un objectif déterminé, par exemple :assurer une tension ou injecter une puissance donnée, permette l'injection d'une énergie telle quelle soit entièrement consommée dans la phase tr. Le transfert de l'énergie est contrôlé en mesurant la tension aux bornes de la diode 4 par 1'opto coupleur 6 transmettant l'information aux circuits 4. Lors d'un prochain cycle la présence anormale d'un signal de l'opto- coupleur interdira une nouvelle commutation. To clarify the presentation, we will describe a cycle of operation of a chopper according to our definition and shown in Figure 1 given by way of non-limiting example. T is the period of a cycle, tc is the first phase of the cycle during which the switch 2 charges the transformer primary 3. tr is the second phase during which the diode 4 transfers the energy in use 5. ts is the third phase to control the total transfer of energy. The parameters of the circuit are dimensioned so that the time tc fixed by the corresponding circuit 1, in normal operation to a given objective, for example: to ensure a voltage or to inject a given power, allows the injection of an energy such that it is entirely consumed in the tr phase. The transfer of the energy is controlled by measuring the voltage across the diode 4 by the opto-coupler 6 transmitting the information to the circuits 4. During a next cycle the abnormal presence of a signal from the opto- coupler will prohibit a new switch.

Les caractéristiques technologiques des composants : diode 4 et opto- coupleur 6 posent un problème pratique. En effet, la diode 4 est une diode haute tension et supporte dans la plupart des applications une tension élevée qui peut atteindre plusieurs centaines de volts. La tension inverse supportable par la diode de l'opto coupleur est de quelques volts. Il est donc nécessaire de monter en série avec l'opto coupleur une diode haute tension le protégeant. The technological characteristics of the components: diode 4 and opto-coupler 6 pose a practical problem. Indeed, the diode 4 is a high voltage diode and supports in most applications a high voltage that can reach several hundred volts. The reverse voltage tolerable by the diode of the opto coupler is a few volts. It is therefore necessary to mount in series with the opto coupler a high voltage diode protecting it.

Malheureusement, la tension de conduction de la diode 4 est inférieure à la somme des tensions des deux diodes. Le premier objectif de l'invention est de fournir une solution simple pour résoudre ce problème. La figure 3 donne à titre d'exemple non limitatif, le schéma d'un montage correspondant .Les composants et leur repère de la figure 1 sont rappelés dans la liste qui suit en face de ses repères de là 7 Figue 3 Unfortunately, the conduction voltage of the diode 4 is less than the sum of the voltages of the two diodes. The first object of the invention is to provide a simple solution to solve this problem. FIG. 3 gives, by way of nonlimiting example, the diagram of a corresponding assembly. The components and their reference points of FIG. 1 are recalled in the following list in front of its reference points from there.

1- diode 4 2- utilisation 5 3- opto coupleur 6 4- moins 9 5- borne 10 6- plus 11 7- signal 12 8- diode haute tension 9- résistance de limitation 10- diode haute tension 11- résistance de protection 12- condensateur 13- résistance de limitation 14- diode zèner 1- diode 4 2- use 5 3- opto coupler 6 4- minus 9 5- terminal 10 6- plus 11 7- signal 12 8- high voltage diode 9- limiting resistor 10- high voltage diode 11- protection resistance 12 - capacitor 13- limiting resistor 14- zerode diode

Le fonctionnement est le suivant. The operation is as follows.

Pendant la phase tc une tension négative importante est établie entre les conducteurs 5 et 6 chargeant en négatif le condensateur 12, alimentant la diode zéner 14 de valeur environ 4V ;la diode 8 est bloquée. Pendant la phase tr, la diode 1 est passante et sa tension aux bornes est de l'ordre de 1,5 V. Le courant passe par la diode 8 et la diode de l'opto-coupleur 3 .La somme des tensions de ces diodes est supérieure à celle de la diode 1 mais la zéner 14 fournit l'énergie nécessaire qui interdit à l'opto ûcoupleur 3 par l'intermédiaire du signal 7 au circuit de commande de permettre la conduction. En fonctionnement normal, le signal disparaît pendant la phase ts En cas de surcharge, l'augmentation de tr supprime ts,le signal de l'opto- coupleur agit pour diminuer la durée tc et par conséquent tr jusqu'à un équilibre à ts nul. En cas de court-circuit, l'énergie magnétique n'est absorbée que par les pertes. La conduction est supprimée pendant un certain nombre de périodes. Le condensateur C12 n'est donc plus alimenté .Au bout d'un temps dépendant de la constante de temps R13C12, le courant n'est plus suffisant pour maintenir le signal de l'opto-coupleur .La conduction devient possible au prochain cycle. Si le court-circuit est toujours présent l'interdiction est immédiatement rétablie et le courant moyen est faible. Si le court-circuit est disparu ,le fonctionnement normal est rétabli. Si l'appareil d'alimentation est branché sur le réseau alternatif,il se produit des battements complexes entre la fréquence du réseau, la constante de temps R13C12 et la moyenne 45 fréquence de hachage pulsant le courant d'alimentation. Le deuxième objectif de la présente invention est de diminuer automatiquement la consigne de fonctionnement pour obtenir un régime de fonctionnement stable lorsque l'appareil est alimenté en alternatif Suivant un procédé dans le cadre de l'invention, un circuit crée une image du signal de 50 commande de conduction(signal tc de la figure 2) .Nous appelons 0 le signal carré 2 déclenchant la conduction et 01 son image, I le signal 12 de la figure 1 En fonctionnement normal O et 01 sont identiques et constants pendant la période du réseau. Par contre I varie avec la tension instantanée du réseau, I est maximun à la crête et nul à zéro. En cas de surcharge, I supprime ts et par conséquent diminue O. Pendant l'espace de temps ou les signaux O et I coïncident, un circuit additionneur crée le signal R La figure 4 représente un cycle de fonctionnement dans ces conditions et la figure 5 un circuit additionnel donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif Figure 5 1- signal O 2- signal01 3- signal 1 4- signal R 5- circuit mémoire 6- signal consigne Le fonctionnement est le suivant. Suivant la remarque ci-dessus ,dans le cadre de la surcharge,le signal R n'apparaît qu'au niveau de la crête de tension du réseau. Entre deux crêtes, R est stocké dans le circuit mémoire 5 de constante de temps de plusieurs périodes. Le signal moyen diminue la consigne 6 jusqu'à l'établissement d'un régime proche d'un régime normal à consigne réduite. During the phase tc a significant negative voltage is established between the conductors 5 and 6 negatively charging the capacitor 12, supplying the zener diode 14 of approximately 4V value, the diode 8 is blocked. During the tr phase, the diode 1 is on and its voltage at the terminals is of the order of 1.5 V. The current passes through the diode 8 and the diode of the opto-coupler 3. The sum of the voltages of these diodes is greater than that of the diode 1 but the zener 14 provides the necessary energy that prohibits the optocoupler 3 through the signal 7 to the control circuit to allow conduction. In normal operation, the signal disappears during the phase ts In case of overload, the increase of tr deletes ts, the signal of the optocoupler acts to decrease the duration tc and consequently tr up to a zero-ts equilibrium . In the event of a short circuit, the magnetic energy is only absorbed by the losses. Conduction is suppressed for a number of periods. The capacitor C12 is therefore no longer powered. At the end of a time dependent on the time constant R13C12, the current is no longer sufficient to maintain the opto-coupler signal. Conduction becomes possible at the next cycle. If the short circuit is still present the ban is immediately restored and the average current is low. If the short circuit is gone, normal operation is restored. If the power supply is connected to the AC mains, there is a complex beating between the mains frequency, the R13C12 time constant and the average hash frequency pulsating the supply current. The second objective of the present invention is to automatically reduce the operating setpoint to obtain a stable operating regime when the apparatus is powered alternately. According to a method in the context of the invention, a circuit creates an image of the signal of 50. conduction control (signal tc of FIG. 2). We call 0 the square signal 2 triggering the conduction and 01 its image, I the signal 12 of FIG. 1 In normal operation O and 01 are identical and constant during the period of the network . On the other hand, I varies with the instantaneous network voltage, I is maximum at the peak and zero at zero. In the event of an overload, I suppresses ts and consequently decreases O. During the period of time when the signals O and I coincide, an adder circuit creates the signal R. FIG. 4 represents a cycle of operation under these conditions and FIG. an additional circuit given by way of non-limiting example FIG. 5 1- signal O 2- signal01 3- signal 1 4- signal R 5- memory circuit 6 signal signal The operation is as follows. According to the above remark, in the context of the overload, the signal R appears only at the level of the voltage peak of the network. Between two peaks, R is stored in the time constant memory circuit 5 of several periods. The average signal decreases the setpoint 6 until the establishment of a regime close to a normal regime with reduced setpoint.

Dans le cas d'un court- circuit, la présence de I est quasi permanente et le signal R diminue rapidement la consigne . Le courant moyen résultant dans l'utilisation est très inférieur au courant d'emploi, répondant ainsi aux prescriptions normatives. Il est possible d'actionner le disjoncteur d'alimentation si cela présente un avantage pour l'exploitation. Sinon, le fonctionnement normal reprend s'il y a disparition du défaut In the case of a short circuit, the presence of I is almost permanent and the signal R quickly decreases the setpoint. The average current resulting in the use is much lower than the current of use, thus fulfilling the normative prescriptions. It is possible to operate the power circuit breaker if this is an advantage for operation. Otherwise, normal operation resumes if the fault disappears

Claims (3)

REVENDICATIONS1- Dispositif de protection d'une alimentation électronique contre les court circuits et les surcharges s'appliquant aux hacheurs alimentant, par un commutateur 2 (figure 1), le primaire d'un transformateur,une diode 4(figure 1) placée au secondaire de celui -ci chargeant un condensateur ,caractérisé. par le fait que l'alimentation du primaire n' est possible,au cours du cycle de hachage, que si le secondaire ést vidé de son énergie. CLAIMS1- Protection device of an electronic power supply against short circuits and overloads applicable to choppers supplying, by a switch 2 (Figure 1), the primary of a transformer, a diode 4 (Figure 1) placed in secondary of it charging a capacitor, characterized. in that the primary supply is only possible during the hashing cycle if the secondary is drained of its energy. 2- Dispositif de protection, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend( figure 2- protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises (FIG. 3) un opto coupleur 3 détectant une surcharge éventuelle acheminée par la diode 1( figure 3) et bloquant alors en position ouverte le commutateur 2(figure 1) prévu pour alimenter le primaire du transformateur,et, une diode 8, une diode 10 un condensateur 12, une résistance 13 ,une zéner 14 assurant la tenue du dispositif et son fonctionnement pertinent dans toutes les configurations de tensions et de courants rencontrées au cours d'un cycle de fonctionnement normal ou perturbé 3- Dispositif Ide protection selon les revendications 1 et 2 caractérise par le fait que . dans lé cas d'une surcharge ou d'un court-circuits il utilise une image du signal de commutation ,gérant l'ouverture et la fermeture du commutateur 2 (figure 1) pour créer un signal diminuant alors le temps de fermeture du commutateur 2(figure 1) durant la présence de la surcharge. 3) an optocoupler 3 detecting a possible overload conveyed by the diode 1 (FIG. 3) and then blocking in the open position the switch 2 (FIG. 1) intended to supply the primary of the transformer, and a diode 8, a diode 10, a capacitor 12, a resistor 13, a zener 14 ensuring the holding of the device and its relevant operation in all the configurations of voltages and currents encountered during a normal or disturbed operating cycle 3- Protection device according to claims 1 and 2 characterized by the fact that. in the case of an overload or a short circuit it uses an image of the switching signal, managing the opening and closing of the switch 2 (Figure 1) to create a signal then decreasing the closing time of the switch 2 (figure 1) during the presence of the overload.
FR0900388A 2009-01-30 2009-01-30 Device for protecting chopper type electronic power supply against short circuit and overload, has change-over switch charging primary winding of transformer during one phase, and diode transferring energy to load during another phase Withdrawn FR2941825A1 (en)

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FR0900388A FR2941825A1 (en) 2009-01-30 2009-01-30 Device for protecting chopper type electronic power supply against short circuit and overload, has change-over switch charging primary winding of transformer during one phase, and diode transferring energy to load during another phase

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FR0900388A FR2941825A1 (en) 2009-01-30 2009-01-30 Device for protecting chopper type electronic power supply against short circuit and overload, has change-over switch charging primary winding of transformer during one phase, and diode transferring energy to load during another phase

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014174159A1 (en) 2013-04-24 2014-10-30 Societe D'etudes Et D'economies En Eclairage, Se3 Device for supplying direct current for a set of led-based lighting devices used in industrial lighting and tertiary lighting

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070058399A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2007-03-15 Thomson Licensing Switched-mode power supply
US20070171685A1 (en) * 2006-01-24 2007-07-26 Ta-Yung Yang Control circuit including adaptive bias for transformer voltage detection of a power converter

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070058399A1 (en) * 2003-10-10 2007-03-15 Thomson Licensing Switched-mode power supply
US20070171685A1 (en) * 2006-01-24 2007-07-26 Ta-Yung Yang Control circuit including adaptive bias for transformer voltage detection of a power converter

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
RSHIMD A M ET AL: "A precise large signal model for a flyback converter in critical conduction mode", POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVE SYSTEMS, 2001. PROCEEDINGS., 2001 4TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEEE, vol. 2, 22 October 2001 (2001-10-22), pages 886 - 891, XP010571648, ISBN: 978-0-7803-7233-7 *
YURI PANOV ET AL: "Adaptive Off-Time Control for Variable-Frequency, Soft-Switched Flyback Converter at Light Loads", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 17, no. 4, 1 July 2002 (2002-07-01), XP011078192, ISSN: 0885-8993 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014174159A1 (en) 2013-04-24 2014-10-30 Societe D'etudes Et D'economies En Eclairage, Se3 Device for supplying direct current for a set of led-based lighting devices used in industrial lighting and tertiary lighting

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