FR2936393A1 - Vehicle i.e. diesel hybrid vehicle, has supply circuit for supplying fuel to heat engine and including branch traversed by cooler exchanger of electrical system, where fuel is used as coolant in exchanger - Google Patents

Vehicle i.e. diesel hybrid vehicle, has supply circuit for supplying fuel to heat engine and including branch traversed by cooler exchanger of electrical system, where fuel is used as coolant in exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2936393A1
FR2936393A1 FR0856338A FR0856338A FR2936393A1 FR 2936393 A1 FR2936393 A1 FR 2936393A1 FR 0856338 A FR0856338 A FR 0856338A FR 0856338 A FR0856338 A FR 0856338A FR 2936393 A1 FR2936393 A1 FR 2936393A1
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France
Prior art keywords
fuel
exchanger
vehicle
branch
circuit
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FR0856338A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Emmanuel Godefroy
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Priority to FR0856338A priority Critical patent/FR2936393A1/en
Publication of FR2936393A1 publication Critical patent/FR2936393A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20218Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/003Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/007Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel characterised by its use in vehicles, in stationary plants or in small engines, e.g. hand held tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/28Four wheel or all wheel drive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M31/00Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M31/20Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture for cooling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The vehicle has a supply circuit for supplying fuel to a heat engine i.e. internal combustion engine (1), and an electrical system e.g. inverter (3). The supply circuit includes a branch (8) traversed by a cooler exchanger of the electrical system, where the fuel is used as coolant in the exchanger. The supply circuit includes a three way valve (9) assuring distribution of flow of the fuel between the branch and the circuit. The branch assures return of the fuel towards a fuel tank (4) of the supply circuit.

Description

Dispositif de refroidissement par carburant d'un système électrique [0001] L'invention porte sur le refroidissement des systèmes électriques d'un véhicule présentant au moins un moteur thermique. [0002] Elle s'inscrit, dans son application préférentielle, dans le domaine technique des véhicules hybrides et plus spécifiquement du refroidissement de leurs systèmes électriques de puissance, comme l'onduleur ou la machine électrique d'un véhicule hybride par exemple équipé d'un train arrière à motorisation électrique. [0003] Les véhicules dits hybrides mettent généralement en jeu deux modes de tractions, respectivement thermique et électrique, pouvant être combinés de façon à améliorer le rendement global du véhicule. La partie électrique du système peut mettre en jeu des niveaux de puissance important. Ces niveaux de puissance peuvent justifier l'emploi d'un système de refroidissement pour maintenir l'électronique de puissance à un niveau de température compatible de leur bon fonctionnement. [0004] L'architecture des véhicules automobiles communément employée regroupe les systèmes de traction dans la partie du véhicule située à l'avant. Cependant, selon certaines configurations de véhicules hybrides, une part de l'électronique, voire des machines électriques, peuvent être situés en dehors de la zone avant du véhicule. Les appareillages peuvent ainsi être déportés en partie arrière, par exemple et de façon non limitative autour du train arrière du véhicule, ou sous les sièges arrière. On trouve ce type d'architecture décrite notamment dans le brevet EP0504166. [0005] Plus généralement, tout véhicule peut présenter des systèmes électriques devant être refroidis, défavorablement implantés, loin des circuits de refroidissement préexistants ou de toute entrée d'air. [0006] Le refroidissement de ces éléments est alors problématique. En effet, deux grandes familles de moyen de refroidissement peuvent être employées, soit un échangeur à air, qui utilise l'air ambiant pour évacuer l'énergie thermique, soit un échangeur à liquide, qui utilise un liquide caloporteur pour évacuer l'énergie thermique. Cependant, dans le cas d'une intégration en position arrière, le refroidissement par air est compliqué car il est problématique d'organiser une circulation d'air pouvant demander des systèmes encombrants comme des ventilateurs ou des écopes spécifiques. Le refroidissement par un échangeur à liquide pose également de grands problèmes d'intégration, dans la mesure où elle nécessite a priori l'implantation une boucle de fluide caloporteur entre les systèmes à refroidir et l'avant du véhicule, où il sera possible de ménager un échangeur air/liquide spécifique pour le refroidissement du liquide caloporteur ou de relier la boucle de fluide caloporteur à un circuit calorifère existant, par exemple le circuit de refroidissement du moteur thermique du véhicule. FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The invention relates to the cooling of the electrical systems of a vehicle having at least one heat engine. It fits, in its preferred application, in the technical field of hybrid vehicles and more specifically the cooling of their electrical power systems, such as the inverter or the electric machine of a hybrid vehicle for example equipped with a rear train with electric motor. The so-called hybrid vehicles generally involve two modes of traction, respectively thermal and electrical, which can be combined to improve the overall efficiency of the vehicle. The electrical part of the system can involve significant power levels. These power levels may warrant the use of a cooling system to maintain the power electronics at a compatible temperature level of their proper operation. The motor vehicle architecture commonly used combines traction systems in the part of the vehicle located at the front. However, according to certain configurations of hybrid vehicles, some of the electronics, or even electrical machines, may be located outside the front area of the vehicle. The apparatuses can thus be deported in the rear part, for example and non-limitatively around the rear axle of the vehicle, or under the rear seats. This type of architecture is described in particular in the patent EP0504166. More generally, any vehicle may have electrical systems to be cooled, unfavorably implanted, away from pre-existing cooling circuits or any air intake. The cooling of these elements is then problematic. Indeed, two large families of cooling means can be used, either an air exchanger, which uses ambient air to evacuate the thermal energy, or a liquid exchanger, which uses a coolant to evacuate the thermal energy. . However, in the case of integration in the rear position, the air cooling is complicated because it is problematic to organize a flow of air that may require bulky systems such as fans or specific scoops. Cooling by a liquid exchanger also poses major integration problems, insofar as it requires a priori implantation a heat transfer fluid loop between the systems to be cooled and the front of the vehicle, where it will be possible to spare a specific air / liquid exchanger for cooling the coolant or connecting the heat transfer fluid loop to an existing heating circuit, for example the cooling circuit of the engine of the vehicle.

En d'autre termes, si on veut utiliser la boucle de refroidissement du moteur thermique généralement situé à l'avant, cela nécessite d'installer une nouvelle tuyauterie pour faire circuler du liquide de refroidissement qui transitera de l'avant vers l'arrière du véhicule, puis retournera vers l'avant. [0007] Les architectures ainsi envisagées sont complexes à mettre en oeuvre et 10 intrusives sur l'architecture globale des véhicules. Elles posent en outre des problèmes d'intégration, de masse, et de coût. [0008] L'invention vise à proposer une solution à ces problèmes en s'appuyant sur l'architecture existante dans le véhicule pour assurer un refroidissement par échangeur à liquide des systèmes électriques, en particulier s'ils sont éloignés de l'avant ou du moteur 15 thermique du véhicule. [0009] L'invention porte donc sur un véhicule comportant un circuit pour l'alimentation en carburant d'un moteur thermique et un système électrique, caractérisé en ce que le circuit comporte une branche traversant un échangeur de refroidissement du système électrique, le carburant étant utilisé comme fluide caloporteur dans ledit échangeur. 20 [0010] Ainsi, la solution proposée consiste essentiellement en l'utilisation du carburant destiné à l'alimentation d'un moteur thermique du véhicule comme fluide caloporteur de l'échangeur à liquide pour le refroidissement des systèmes situés loin du moteur thermique et des divers circuits de refroidissement préexistants, et cela grâce à une branche ménagée en dérivation du circuit de carburant du moteur thermique. 25 [0011] De préférence, le circuit comporte en outre une vanne trois voies assurant la répartition du flux de carburant entre la branche traversant l'échangeur et le reste du circuit. Cette vanne va ainsi permettre de réguler le débit de carburant dans l'échangeur, en fonction de la quantité de calories à extraire pour le refroidissement du système électrique. De plus, lorsqu'aucun refroidissement du système électrique n'est nécessaire, 30 la circulation du carburant dans la branche portant l'échangeur peut être arrêtée, ce qui permet de limiter les pertes de charges associée et donc la consommation de la pompe faisant circuler le carburant dans le circuit. [0012] De préférence, la branche portant l'échangeur assure le retour du carburant vers le réservoir de carburant du circuit. En effet, le carburant de la branche pouvant être trop chaud pour alimenter le moteur, mieux vaut le renvoyer vers le réservoir. [0013] De préférence, le circuit comporte une branche de retcur du moteur thermique vers le réservoir, caractérisé en ce que la branche portant l'échangeur est en dérivation de la branche de retour. On s'assure ainsi que la fonction de refroidissement du système électrique ne va pas compromettre l'alimentation en carburant du moteur thermique du véhicule. [0014] De préférence, le circuit comporte en outre un moyen de refroidissement du carburant. Ce type de dispositif, pouvant être un échangeur à air ou un échangeur liquide, permet de garantir une température du carburant compatible de ses usages : son stockage dans le réservoir, l'alimentation du moteur à combustion, et le refroidissement du système électrique. [0015] De préférence, le système électrique comporte un ou plusieurs éléments du type : machine électrique de traction, onduleur, convertisseur DC/DC, ou actionneur électrique. Ces éléments peuvent être des éléments de forte puissance, qu'il convient de refroidir efficacement. Notamment, ils sont présents dans certaines architectures de véhicules hybrides, qui constituent une application privilégiée pour l'invention. [0016] De préférence, le système électrique est disposé dans une zone éloignée du moteur thermique. L'invention prend alors tout son sens. En effet, il existe généralement autour d'un moteur thermique un ensemble de dispositifs de refroidissement, à air ou liquide. Leur disposition est souvent facilitée par leur implantation en partie avant du véhicule. Pour refroidir un dispositif électrique éloigné du moteur, l'invention permet d'utiliser le circuit de carburant qui est proche de toute zone du véhicule, le réservoir ayant généralement une position centrale à centrale-arrière dans le véhicule. [0017] L'invention est décrite plus en détail ci-après et en référence à la figure unique représentant schématiquement le système dans son mode de réalisation préférentiel. [0018] La figure 1 présente schématiquement un dispositif corforme à l'invention dans l'environnement d'un véhicule hybride. [0019] Le véhicule ainsi représenté comporte un système thermique de traction 1 comportant un moteur à combustion interne 1, ainsi qu'un système de propulsion électrique comportant une machine électrique 2 et un onduleur 3. [0020] L'alimentation en carburant du moteur thermique 1 est assurée par un circuit comportant un réservoir à carburant 4, une branche 5 d'alimentation du moteur à combustion, et une branche 6 de retour du carburant vers le réservoir. Une pompe 7 assure la circulation du carburant dans le circuit. [0021] Selon l'invention dans la variante ici représentée, une branche 8 assure la circulation d'une part du carburant vers l'onduleur 3 et la machine électrique 2. Ces deux éléments nécessitant un refroidissement, la branche 8 se divise en deux sous-branches 81 et 82 permettant respectivement l'alimentation d'échangeurs liquides, non représentés ici mais pouvant prendre communément la forme de serpentins, échangeurs qui assurent le refroidissement respectif de l'onduleur et de la machine électrique. [0022] Le carburant circulant dans la branche 8, après avoir traversé les échangeurs thermiques, est renvoyé vers le réservoir 4. [0023] Afin d'assurer la répartition des flux de carburant entre la branche 8 et le retour direct vers le réservoir de carburant, une vanne trois voies 9 est disposée dans la branche 6. La quantité de carburant nécessaire au refroidissement de l'onduleur 3 et de la machine électrique 2 est ainsi envoyée dans la branche 8. Lorsqu'aucun refroidissement du système électrique n'est nécessaire, la vanne 9 ferme la branche 8, réduisant ainsi les pertes de charge dans le circuit, afin de limiter la puissance consommée par la pompe 7. [0024] Dans une autre variante non représentée, la vanne trois voies 9 peut être remplacée par deux vannes respectivement sur la branche 8 et sur le circuit 6 en aval du point de dérivation de la branche 8, voire par une unique vanne dans la branche 8 et un dimensionnement adéquat des différentes branches pour assurer une répartition voulue des flux de carburant. [0025] Dans une variante de l'invention non représentée ici, le carburant réchauffé peut être refroidi par un échangeur, par exemple un échangeur air carburant, soit avant d'être retourné dans le réservoir ou avant d'être introduit dans le moteur. Cette dernière solution est par ailleurs préférable du point de vue de l'implantation d'un échangeur air-carburant. [0026] L'exemple ici développé présente le refroidissement d'un onduleur et d'une machine électrique, mais l'invention est cependant utilisable dans le refroidissement de tout organe à refroidir pouvant être situé en partie arrière d'un véhicule, par exemple de façon non limitative un convertisseur électrique DC/DC ou des actionneurs électriques. [0027] Dans l'invention, il a en outre été constaté que l'utilisation du carburant est compatible avec la fonction de fluide caloporteur pour de telles applications, et que la faisabilité d'un tel système ne requiert pas nécessairement d'adaptation lourde des dispositifs actuellement existant dans les circuits de carburant des véhicules automobiles. [0028] Dans une application conforme à l'invention, si on considère comme valeurs typiques une machine électrique associée à son onduleur de 20 kW ayant un rendement à la puissance max de l'ordre de 85%, il faudra que le système de refroidissement puisse dissiper 3000W. [0029] Par ailleurs, il existe aujourd'hui sur les véhicules diesel à moteurs équipés de Common Rail, un échangeur thermique qui permet de refroidir le carburant. Le carburant subit après sa mise en pression une forte élévation de sa température ce qui peut provoquer des phénomènes d'ébullitions néfastes. Un échangeur thermique gazole/air est donc disposé sur le circuit de retour du carburant au réservoir. [0030] En considérant une pompe de carburant classique, ayant un débit de 130 UH, une température maximale d'entrée de 130CC et une différence de température à la sortie de l'ordre de 30`C, le gazole présentant une chaleu r massique d'environ 2000 J/kg.K et une masse volumique de 850 kg / m3, on en déduit que les échangeurs existant sur la ligne permettent de dissiper une puissance de l'ordre de 1840 W. [0031] L'énergie à dissiper dans le cadre de l'invention pourrait donc, selon l'application, être de l'ordre de deux fois l'énergie communément dissipée par un système de refroidissement du gazole. Une simple adaptation du dimensionnement des échangeurs suffit à les rendre compatible de l'invention, dont l'application peut donc se faire sans mettre en jeu de solutions technologiques complexes ou un dimensionnement en rupture avec les technologies automobiles actuelles. [0032] La solution ainsi développée, permet, en s'appuyant sur une architecture de véhicule connue, de répondre de façon simple à la problématique de la gestion thermique des systèmes électriques éloignés des circuits de fluide caloporteurs généralement utilisés dans un véhicule. Elle permet, par rapport à la solution communément envisagée consistant à mettre en place un circuit de liquide de refroidissement dédié ou en dérivation du circuit de refroidissement du moteur thermique, de : simplifier la tuyauterie à mettre en place limiter la masse du système et des fluides caloporteurs à embarquer limiter les coûts, car la boucle de circulation de carburant est déjà existante sur la majorité des véhicules augmenter la robustesse du système grâce à sa simplicité limiter la taille des composants et radiateurs pour le refroidissement grâce au débit de fluide qui circulera dans ces organes situés à l'arrière du véhicule et en conséquence améliorer l'intégration de ces organes et optimiser leurs coûts In other words, if we want to use the cooling loop of the engine usually located at the front, it requires to install a new pipe to circulate coolant that will pass from the front to the back of the vehicle, then return to the front. The architectures thus envisaged are complex to implement and 10 intrusive on the overall architecture of the vehicles. They also pose problems of integration, mass, and cost. The invention aims to propose a solution to these problems by relying on the existing architecture in the vehicle to provide liquid exchanger cooling of electrical systems, especially if they are far from the front or of the thermal engine of the vehicle. The invention therefore relates to a vehicle comprising a circuit for supplying fuel to a heat engine and an electrical system, characterized in that the circuit comprises a branch passing through a cooling exchanger of the electrical system, the fuel being used as heat transfer fluid in said exchanger. [0010] Thus, the proposed solution consists essentially in the use of fuel for supplying a vehicle engine as heat transfer fluid of the liquid exchanger for cooling systems located far from the engine and the engines. various pre-existing cooling circuits, and this thanks to a branch formed bypassing the fuel circuit of the engine. [0011] Preferably, the circuit further comprises a three-way valve ensuring the distribution of fuel flow between the branch through the exchanger and the rest of the circuit. This valve will thus allow to regulate the flow of fuel in the exchanger, depending on the amount of calories to be extracted for the cooling of the electrical system. Moreover, when no cooling of the electrical system is necessary, the circulation of the fuel in the branch carrying the heat exchanger can be stopped, which makes it possible to limit the associated pressure losses and therefore the consumption of the circulating pump. the fuel in the circuit. Preferably, the branch carrying the exchanger ensures the return of fuel to the fuel tank of the circuit. Indeed, the fuel of the branch may be too hot to power the engine, better to return to the tank. Preferably, the circuit comprises a retcur branch of the heat engine to the reservoir, characterized in that the branch carrying the heat exchanger is bypass of the return branch. This ensures that the cooling function of the electrical system will not compromise the fuel supply of the engine of the vehicle. Preferably, the circuit further comprises a fuel cooling means. This type of device, which can be an air exchanger or a liquid exchanger, ensures a compatible fuel temperature of its uses: storage in the tank, the combustion engine power, and the cooling of the electrical system. Preferably, the electrical system comprises one or more elements of the type: electric traction machine, inverter, DC / DC converter, or electric actuator. These elements can be elements of high power, which should be effectively cooled. In particular, they are present in certain hybrid vehicle architectures, which constitute a preferred application for the invention. Preferably, the electrical system is disposed in an area remote from the engine. The invention then makes perfect sense. Indeed, there is generally around a heat engine a set of cooling devices, air or liquid. Their arrangement is often facilitated by their location in the front of the vehicle. To cool an electrical device away from the engine, the invention makes it possible to use the fuel circuit that is close to any area of the vehicle, the tank generally having a central to a rear-center position in the vehicle. The invention is described in more detail below and with reference to the single figure schematically showing the system in its preferred embodiment. Figure 1 schematically shows a device according to the invention in the environment of a hybrid vehicle. The vehicle thus shown comprises a thermal traction system 1 comprising an internal combustion engine 1, and an electric propulsion system comprising an electric machine 2 and an inverter 3. [0020] The fuel supply of the engine thermal 1 is provided by a circuit comprising a fuel tank 4, a branch 5 for supplying the combustion engine, and a branch 6 for returning the fuel to the tank. A pump 7 ensures the circulation of fuel in the circuit. According to the invention in the variant shown here, a branch 8 ensures the flow of fuel on the one hand to the inverter 3 and the electric machine 2. These two elements requiring cooling, the branch 8 is divided into two sub-branches 81 and 82 respectively allowing the supply of liquid exchangers, not shown here but may commonly take the form of coils, exchangers which provide the respective cooling of the inverter and the electric machine. The fuel flowing in the branch 8, after having passed through the heat exchangers, is returned to the tank 4. [0023] In order to ensure the distribution of the fuel flows between the branch 8 and the direct return to the fuel tank. fuel, a three-way valve 9 is disposed in the branch 6. The amount of fuel required for cooling the inverter 3 and the electrical machine 2 is thus sent into the branch 8. When no cooling of the electrical system is necessary, the valve 9 closes the branch 8, thus reducing the pressure drops in the circuit, in order to limit the power consumed by the pump 7. In another variant not shown, the three-way valve 9 can be replaced by two valves respectively on the branch 8 and the circuit 6 downstream of the branch point of the branch 8, or even by a single valve in the branch 8 and a suitable dimensioning of the different branches for a ssure a desired distribution of fuel flows. In a variant of the invention not shown here, the heated fuel can be cooled by an exchanger, for example a fuel air exchanger, either before being returned to the tank or before being introduced into the engine. The latter solution is also preferable from the point of view of the implementation of an air-fuel exchanger. The example developed here has the cooling of an inverter and an electric machine, but the invention is however usable in the cooling of any member to be cooled which can be located in the rear portion of a vehicle, for example non-limiting way a DC / DC electric converter or electric actuators. In the invention, it has furthermore been found that the use of the fuel is compatible with the heat transfer fluid function for such applications, and that the feasibility of such a system does not necessarily require heavy adaptation. devices currently existing in motor vehicle fuel systems. In an application according to the invention, if we consider as typical values an electrical machine associated with its inverter of 20 kW having a performance at the maximum power of the order of 85%, it will be necessary that the cooling system can dissipate 3000W. Moreover, today on diesel vehicles with Common Rail engines, there is a heat exchanger that can cool the fuel. The fuel undergoes after its pressurization a high rise in temperature which can cause harmful boiling phenomena. A diesel / air heat exchanger is therefore disposed on the fuel return circuit to the tank. Considering a conventional fuel pump, having a flow rate of 130 UH, a maximum inlet temperature of 130CC and a temperature difference at the outlet of the order of 30`C, the diesel having a heat r mass of about 2000 J / kg.K and a density of 850 kg / m3, it is deduced that the exchangers existing on the line can dissipate a power of the order of 1840 W. The energy to be dissipated in the context of the invention could therefore, depending on the application, be of the order of twice the energy commonly dissipated by a diesel cooling system. A simple adaptation of the dimensioning of the exchangers is sufficient to make them compatible with the invention, the application of which can therefore be done without involving complex technological solutions or a design break with current automotive technologies. The solution thus developed, allows, based on a known vehicle architecture, to respond in a simple way to the problem of thermal management of electrical systems remote heat transfer fluid circuits generally used in a vehicle. It allows, compared to the commonly envisaged solution of setting up a dedicated coolant circuit or bypassing the cooling circuit of the engine, to: simplify the piping to set up limit the mass of the system and fluids airborne coolers limit costs, because the fuel circulation loop is already existing on the majority of vehicles increase the robustness of the system thanks to its simplicity limit the size of the components and radiators for cooling thanks to the flow of fluid that will circulate in these bodies at the rear of the vehicle and therefore improve the integration of these bodies and optimize their costs

Claims (7)

Revendications: 1. Véhicule comportant un circuit pour l'alimentation en carburant d'un moteur thermique (1) et un système électrique, caractérisé en ce que le circuit comporte une branche (8) traversant un échangeur de refroidissement du système électrique, le carburant étant 5 utilisé comme fluide caloporteur dans ledit échangeur. Claims: 1. Vehicle comprising a circuit for supplying fuel to a heat engine (1) and an electrical system, characterized in that the circuit comprises a branch (8) passing through a cooling exchanger of the electric system, the fuel being used as heat transfer fluid in said exchanger. 2. Véhicule selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le circuit comporte en outre une vanne trois voies (9) assurant la répartition du flux de carburant entre la branche (8) traversant l'échangeur et le reste du circuit. 2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the circuit further comprises a three-way valve (9) ensuring the distribution of the fuel flow between the branch (8) through the exchanger and the rest of the circuit. 3. Véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce 10 que la branche (8) portant l'échangeur assure le retour du carburant vers le réservoir (4) de carburant du circuit. 3. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the branch (8) carrying the exchanger ensures the return of fuel to the fuel tank (4) of the circuit. 4. Véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dont le circuit comporte une branche de retour (6) du moteur thermique (1) vers le réservoir (4), caractérisé en ce que la branche (8) portant l'échangeur est en dérivation de la 15 branche de retour (6). 4. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, the circuit comprises a return branch (6) of the engine (1) to the reservoir (4), characterized in that the branch (8) carrying the exchanger is in branching of the return branch (6). 5. Véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précécentes, caractérisé en ce que le circuit comporte en outre un moyen de refroidissement du carburant. 5. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit further comprises a fuel cooling means. 6. Véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précéclentes, caractérisé en ce que le système électrique comporte un ou plusieurs éléments du type : machine 20 électrique de traction (2), onduleur (3), convertisseur DC/DC, ou actionneur électrique. 6. Vehicle according to any one of the preceeding claims, characterized in that the electrical system comprises one or more elements of the type: electric traction machine (2), inverter (3), DC / DC converter, or electric actuator. 7. Véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précéclentes, caractérisé en ce que le système électrique est disposé dans une zone éloignée du moteur thermique (1). 25 7. Vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical system is disposed in a remote area of the engine (1). 25
FR0856338A 2008-09-22 2008-09-22 Vehicle i.e. diesel hybrid vehicle, has supply circuit for supplying fuel to heat engine and including branch traversed by cooler exchanger of electrical system, where fuel is used as coolant in exchanger Withdrawn FR2936393A1 (en)

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WO2018068979A1 (en) * 2016-10-11 2018-04-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Drive system for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine and fuel tank
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