FR2924864A1 - Photovoltaic solar module for electric energy producing device to warm-up house i.e. summer/winter ventilated house, has cooling unit with convection unit that is arranged to increase flow of air from heat exchanger at interior of channel - Google Patents

Photovoltaic solar module for electric energy producing device to warm-up house i.e. summer/winter ventilated house, has cooling unit with convection unit that is arranged to increase flow of air from heat exchanger at interior of channel Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2924864A1
FR2924864A1 FR0708625A FR0708625A FR2924864A1 FR 2924864 A1 FR2924864 A1 FR 2924864A1 FR 0708625 A FR0708625 A FR 0708625A FR 0708625 A FR0708625 A FR 0708625A FR 2924864 A1 FR2924864 A1 FR 2924864A1
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France
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
photovoltaic module
photovoltaic
air
house
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FR0708625A
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French (fr)
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FR2924864B1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Proisy
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PHOTOWATT INTERNAT SOC PAR ACT
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PHOTOWATT INTERNAT SOC PAR ACT
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
    • F24D5/005—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/40—Photovoltaic [PV] modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/13—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Abstract

The module (1) has a surface (2) exposed to solar radiation, and another surface (4) fixed on a support. A heat exchanger (10) is placed on the surface (4), and includes a channel (11) that is provided as the passage of coolant e.g. air. A cooling unit has a forced convection unit i.e. fan, that is arranged so as to increase the flow of the air from the heat exchanger at the interior of the channel. The heat exchanger is made of material e.g. charged polymer, having good thermal conductor. An independent claim is also included for a device comprising a photovoltaic solar module and a conduit system.

Description

L'invention concerne un module de cellules photovoltaïques ainsi qu'un dispositif intégrant au moins un tel module photovoltaïque destiné à créer de l'énergie électrique à partir de l'énergie solaire et de la conversion photovoltaïque. Un tel module de cellules photovoltaïques peut préférentiellement être appelé module photovoltaïque. Il est à noter qu'un tel module de cellules photovoltaïques pourrait également être appelé panneau solaire photovoltaïque. Le phénomène de conversion photovoltaïque génère une énergie électrique avec un rendement d'environ 15%, le courant créé échauffe un peu les cellules photovoltaïques, mais principalement l'énergie solaire non transformée en courant électrique (85% environ) est transformée en chaleur. L'exposition au soleil du module photovoltaïque entraîne par conséquent un échauffement des cellules photovoltaïques lors du fonctionnement du module photovoltaïque. The invention relates to a photovoltaic cell module and a device incorporating at least one such photovoltaic module for creating electrical energy from solar energy and photovoltaic conversion. Such a module of photovoltaic cells may preferentially be called a photovoltaic module. It should be noted that such a module of photovoltaic cells could also be called solar photovoltaic panel. The phenomenon of photovoltaic conversion generates an electrical energy with a yield of about 15%, the created current heats the photovoltaic cells a little, but mainly the solar energy not transformed into electrical current (about 85%) is transformed into heat. Exposure to the sun of the photovoltaic module therefore leads to a heating of the photovoltaic cells during operation of the photovoltaic module.

Lorsque la température augmente, le rendement diminue de façon sensiblement linéaire entraînant une perte de puissance des cellules photovoltaïque et une dégradation des performances globales du module photovoltaïque. Une augmentation de la température de fonctionnement des cellules photovoltaïques de 20°C par exemple, entraîne une baisse de la puissance électrique du module photovoltaïque d'environ 9%. Pour éviter la diminution du rendement du module due à son échauffement, il est donc souhaitable de ménager un échange thermique entre les cellules et un passage de fluide permettant le refroidissement, en particulier de l'air. As the temperature increases, the efficiency decreases substantially linearly, causing a loss of power of the photovoltaic cells and a degradation of the overall performance of the photovoltaic module. An increase in the operating temperature of the photovoltaic cells of 20 ° C for example, causes a decrease in the electrical power of the photovoltaic module of about 9%. To avoid reducing the efficiency of the module due to its heating, it is therefore desirable to provide a heat exchange between the cells and a fluid passage for cooling, in particular air.

A cet effet, il est possible de prévoir des recommandations d'installation des modules sur un support avec un écart ménagé entre le support et le module, pour constituer le passage d'air. Toutefois, ces recommandations sont rarement respectées. Il est également connu du document US 6 201 179 de réaliser un 30 module photovoltaïque comprenant un ensemble de cellules photovoltaïques une première face destinée à être exposée au rayonnement solaire, et une seconde face destinée à être fixée sur un support, un échangeur thermique placé sur la seconde face comportant au moins un canal destiné au passage d'un fluide de refroidissement, notamment de l'air. La réalisation d'un échange thermique satisfaisant impose la réalisation de canaux d'une taille importante. Il est donc souhaitable de fournir des modules photovoltaïques permettant de fournir un rendement amélioré tout en présentant un encombrement limité. L'invention vise à résoudre cet inconvénient en proposant un module photovoltaïque dont un échauffement excessif est évité en proposant 10 une circulation de l'air optimisée. A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un module photovoltaïque de cellules photovoltaïques du type précité caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de refroidissement comprenant des moyens de convection forcée disposés de manière à augmenter le débit d'air dans les 15 canaux de l'échangeur thermique. Les moyens de convection forcée permettent d'augmenter la quantité de chaleur échangée au niveau des canaux. L'augmentation de la température des cellules photovoltaïques est ainsi réduite, et par conséquent la perte de puissance électrique est limitée, tout en conservant un module 20 photovoltaïque d'encombrement limité. La consommation d'énergie électrique par les moyens de convection forcée est inférieure au gain de puissance dû à l'amélioration du rendement photovoltaïque. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les moyens de 25 convection forcée comprennent au moins un ventilateur. Avantageusement, le ventilateur est disposé en amont des canaux. Cette disposition permet d'augmenter le mouvement de la convection naturelle. Préférentiellement, les moyens de convection forcée des canaux 30 comprennent des ouvertures débouchant dans un passage dans lequel passe un flux d'air créant une circulation dans le canal. Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, l'échangeur thermique comporte au moins un matériau dont la composition comprend au moins un conducteur thermique. 35 Cette caractéristique permet une bonne conduction de la chaleur entre les canaux et le fluide de refroidissement. For this purpose, it is possible to provide recommendations for installing the modules on a support with a gap formed between the support and the module, to constitute the air passage. However, these recommendations are rarely respected. It is also known from document US 6 201 179 to produce a photovoltaic module comprising a set of photovoltaic cells, a first face intended to be exposed to solar radiation, and a second face intended to be fixed on a support, a heat exchanger placed on the second face comprising at least one channel for the passage of a cooling fluid, especially air. The achievement of a satisfactory heat exchange requires the realization of large channels. It is therefore desirable to provide photovoltaic modules to provide improved performance while having a limited footprint. The invention aims to solve this disadvantage by proposing a photovoltaic module which overheating is avoided by providing 10 optimized air circulation. For this purpose, the subject of the present invention is a photovoltaic module of photovoltaic cells of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises cooling means comprising forced convection means arranged so as to increase the air flow rate in the 15 channels. of the heat exchanger. The forced convection means make it possible to increase the amount of heat exchanged at the level of the channels. The increase in the temperature of the photovoltaic cells is thus reduced, and consequently the loss of electrical power is limited, while maintaining a photovoltaic module of limited size. The consumption of electrical energy by the forced convection means is lower than the power gain due to the improvement of the photovoltaic efficiency. According to one embodiment of the invention, the forced convection means comprise at least one fan. Advantageously, the fan is arranged upstream of the channels. This arrangement increases the movement of natural convection. Preferably, the means for forced convection of the channels 30 comprise openings opening into a passage in which passes a flow of air creating a circulation in the channel. According to one characteristic of the invention, the heat exchanger comprises at least one material whose composition comprises at least one thermal conductor. This feature allows good heat conduction between the channels and the coolant.

Avantageusement, le conducteur thermique est un métal ou un polymère chargé. L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif destiné à fournir de l'énergie électrique à partir des rayonnements solaire comprenant au moins un module photovoltaïque solaire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le module photovoltaïque solaire étant en particulier disposé sur le mur ou sur le toit d'une habitation, un système de conduits reliés aux boîtiers des modules photovoltaïques solaires disposés de manière à réinjecter au sein de l'habitation le fluide de refroidissement réchauffé lors de son passage par l'échangeur thermique. Ce système est utile pour récupérer en outre la chaleur dégagée par les cellules photovoltaïques lors de la conversion de l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique. Advantageously, the thermal conductor is a metal or a charged polymer. The invention further relates to a device for supplying electrical energy from solar radiation comprising at least one solar photovoltaic module according to one of the preceding claims, the solar photovoltaic module being in particular arranged on the wall or on the roof of a house, a duct system connected to the housings of solar photovoltaic modules arranged to reinject within the dwelling the heated cooling fluid as it passes through the heat exchanger. This system is useful for recovering the heat generated by the photovoltaic cells during the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy.

De toute façon, l'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit, en référence au dessin schématique annexé représentant, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, une forme d'exécution de ce module photovoltaïque solaire. La Figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un module 20 photovoltaïque solaire avec des canaux de ventilation arrières. La Figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'un module photovoltaïque avec ventilation intégrée à bord. La Figure 3 est une représentation schématique d'un module photovoltaïque avec circuit aéraulique. 25 La Figure 4 est une représentation schématique d'un champ photovoltaïque avec un circuit de ventilation. La Figure 5 est une représentation schématique d'une habitation ventilée été/hiver. Le module photovoltaïque 1 comprend une première face 2 où est 30 disposé un ensemble de cellules photovoltaïques 3. Les cellules photovoltaïques 3 sont disposées en lignes et en colonnes. La première face 2 est destinée à être exposée au rayonnement solaire afin de permettre aux cellules photovoltaïques 3 de créer de l'énergie électrique à partir de l'énergie solaire. 35 Le module photovoltaïque solaire 1 comprend une seconde face 4. La seconde face 4 est située à l'opposé de la première face 2. La seconde face 4 comprend des moyens de fixation non représentés permettant de fixer le module photovoltaïque solaire 1 sur un support non représenté, en particulier de manière inclinée. Le support est placé sur le toit 5 d'une habitation 7 par exemple ou encore sur les murs 6 d'une habitation 7. In any case, the invention will be better understood from the description which follows, with reference to the attached schematic drawing showing, by way of non-limiting example, an embodiment of this solar photovoltaic module. Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a solar photovoltaic module with rear ventilation channels. Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a photovoltaic module with integrated ventilation on board. Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a photovoltaic module with aeraulic circuit. Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a photovoltaic field with a ventilation circuit. Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a ventilated summer / winter dwelling. The photovoltaic module 1 comprises a first face 2 in which a set of photovoltaic cells 3 is arranged. The photovoltaic cells 3 are arranged in rows and columns. The first face 2 is intended to be exposed to solar radiation to allow the photovoltaic cells 3 to create electrical energy from solar energy. The solar photovoltaic module 1 comprises a second face 4. The second face 4 is located opposite the first face 2. The second face 4 comprises not shown fastening means for fixing the solar photovoltaic module 1 on a support not shown, particularly inclined. The support is placed on the roof 5 of a dwelling 7 for example or on the walls 6 of a dwelling 7.

Le module photovoltaïque solaire 1 comprend un échangeur thermique 10. L'échangeur thermique 10 est placé sur la seconde face 4 du module photovoltaïque solaire 1 et comporte au moins un canal 11. Comme représenté sur la Figure 1, l'échangeur thermique 10 comporte un ensemble de canaux 11 disposés parallèlement les uns par rapport au autres. The solar photovoltaic module 1 comprises a heat exchanger 10. The heat exchanger 10 is placed on the second face 4 of the solar photovoltaic module 1 and comprises at least one channel 11. As shown in FIG. 1, the heat exchanger 10 comprises a set of channels 11 arranged parallel to each other.

Les canaux 11 sont disposés sur au moins une partie de la surface de la seconde face 4. Ces canaux 11 sont destinés au passage d'un fluide de refroidissement 12, 13 en particulier de l'air. Un fluide liquide 12, 13 peut également être utilisé, en particulier de l'eau. Les canaux 11 sont constitués d'au moins un matériau présentant une bonne conductivité thermique et une surface importante. Un bon conducteur thermique est par exemple de l'aluminium ou de l'acier ou encore un polymère chargé. Un tel matériau permet de transmettre facilement la chaleur au fluide de refroidissement 12, 13 afin d'éviter l'échauffement excessif des modules photovoltaïque 1 réalisant la conversion photovoltaïque. The channels 11 are arranged on at least a portion of the surface of the second face 4. These channels 11 are intended for the passage of a cooling fluid 12, 13, in particular air. A liquid fluid 12, 13 may also be used, in particular water. The channels 11 consist of at least one material having good thermal conductivity and a large surface area. A good thermal conductor is for example aluminum or steel or a charged polymer. Such a material makes it possible to easily transmit the heat to the cooling fluid 12, 13 in order to avoid the excessive heating of the photovoltaic modules 1 carrying out the photovoltaic conversion.

L'échangeur thermique 10 permet de favoriser l'échange de la chaleur entre le module photovoltaïque 1 et le fluide de refroidissement 12, 13 qui circule à l'arrière du panneau solaire 1. Le module photovoltaïque 1 comprend un boîtier 15. Le boîtier 15 est disposé aux deux bords du module photovoltaïque sur lesquelles 25 débouchent les canaux. Le dispositif comprend des moyens de convection forcée 16. Les moyens de convection forcée 16 permettent d'augmenter le débit du fluide de refroidissement 12, 13 à l'intérieur des canaux 11. Les moyens de convection forcée 16 comprennent des moyens de 30 ventilation 16. Les moyens de ventilation 16 comportent un ou plusieurs ventilateurs 16 dont le nombre dépend de la dimension du panneau 1. Le ventilateur 16 est disposé en particulier au niveau du boîtier 15 en amont du panneau solaire 1. Le ventilateur 16 permet d'augmenter le débit du fluide de refroidissement 12, 13 à travers les canaux 11 et de renouveller le 35 fluide de refroidissement 12, 13 permettant d'améliorer l'échange de chaleur. The heat exchanger 10 makes it possible to promote the exchange of heat between the photovoltaic module 1 and the cooling fluid 12, 13 which flows behind the solar panel 1. The photovoltaic module 1 comprises a housing 15. The housing 15 is disposed at both edges of the photovoltaic module on which the channels open. The device comprises forced convection means 16. The forced convection means 16 make it possible to increase the flow rate of the cooling fluid 12, 13 inside the channels 11. The forced convection means 16 comprise ventilation means 16 The ventilation means 16 comprise one or more fans 16 whose number depends on the size of the panel 1. The fan 16 is arranged in particular at the housing 15 upstream of the solar panel 1. The fan 16 makes it possible to increase the flow of the coolant 12, 13 through the channels 11 and renew the coolant 12, 13 to improve the heat exchange.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, les moyens de convection forcée 16 des canaux 11 présentent des ouvertures débouchant dans un passage dans lequel passe un flux, en particulier un flux d'air, créant une circulation poussée dans le canal 11. According to another embodiment, the forced convection means 16 of the channels 11 have openings opening into a passage through which a flow passes, in particular an air flow, creating a thrust circulation in the channel 11.

Comme représenté sur la Figure 3, un dispositif destiné à fournir l'énergie électrique est réalisé comprenant un module photovoltaïque solaire 1, des conduits 22 et un ensemble d'embouts pour conduit 23. Un embout pour conduit 23 permet de relier un boîtier 15 de l'échangeur thermique 10 à un conduit 23. Les conduits 23 sont disposés en amont et en aval du module photovoltaïque 1. Les moyens de convection forcée 16, non représentés sur la Figure 3, permettent d'introduire un fluide d'entrée 12, en particulier de l'air, en aval du module photovoltaïque 1. Lors du passage du fluide 12, 13 dans les canaux 11, la chaleur du module photovoltaïque 1 est transmise au fluide 12 qui va se réchauffer au fur et à mesure de son passage. En amont du module solaire 1, un fluide de sortie 13 dont la température est plus élevée que la température du fluide d'entrée est fourni par les conduits 23. Comme représenté sur la Figure 4, selon un autre mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend un ensemble de modules photovoltaïque 1 juxtaposés. Chaque module photovoltaïque 1 comprend un échangeur thermique 10 comportant des canaux 11 mis en relation avec des moyens de distribution 25. Les moyens de distribution 25 permettent de distribuer un fluide de refroidissement, en particulier de l'air, à chaque module photovoltaïque 1 et de récupérer le fluide réchauffé au sein de chaque module photovoltaïque 1. La Figure 5 représente, une habitation 7 qui comporte au moins un module photovoltaïque 1 tel que décrit précédemment sur l'une des Figure 3 ou 4. Le module photovoltaïque 1 est disposé en particulier sur la toiture 5 ou sur les murs 6. Un ventilateur 20 est disposé à proximité des modules photovoltaïques. Un système de conduits 22 reliés aux modules photovoltaïque 1 sont disposés de manière à réinjecter au sein d'une habitation 7 le fluide de sortie plus chaud que le fluide d'entrée. Le ventilateur 20 permet de pousser le fluide de refroidissement réchauffé et d'améliorer son débit. Ce dispositif permet notamment de chauffer une habitation 7. Comme représenté sur la Figure 5, un système de commande est disposé dans l'habitation 7. As shown in FIG. 3, a device for supplying electrical energy is produced comprising a solar photovoltaic module 1, ducts 22 and a set of duct tips 23. A duct connector 23 makes it possible to connect a housing 15 of the heat exchanger 10 to a conduit 23. The conduits 23 are arranged upstream and downstream of the photovoltaic module 1. The forced convection means 16, not shown in FIG. 3, make it possible to introduce an input fluid 12, in particular air, downstream of the photovoltaic module 1. During the passage of the fluid 12, 13 in the channels 11, the heat of the photovoltaic module 1 is transmitted to the fluid 12 which will heat up as it passes . Upstream of the solar module 1, an output fluid 13 whose temperature is higher than the temperature of the inlet fluid is supplied by the ducts 23. As shown in FIG. 4, according to another embodiment, the device comprises a set of photovoltaic modules 1 juxtaposed. Each photovoltaic module 1 comprises a heat exchanger 10 comprising channels 11 connected to distribution means 25. The distribution means 25 make it possible to distribute a cooling fluid, in particular air, to each photovoltaic module 1 and to recovering the heated fluid within each photovoltaic module 1. FIG. 5 represents a dwelling 7 which comprises at least one photovoltaic module 1 as described above in one of FIG. 3 or 4. The photovoltaic module 1 is arranged in particular on the roof 5 or on the walls 6. A fan 20 is disposed near the photovoltaic modules. A duct system 22 connected to the photovoltaic modules 1 are arranged to reinject within a dwelling 7 the output fluid hotter than the input fluid. The fan 20 makes it possible to push the heated cooling fluid and to improve its flow rate. This device makes it possible, in particular, to heat a dwelling 7. As shown in FIG. 5, a control system is arranged in the dwelling 7.

Des guichets 27 sont reliés aux conduits 22. Ces guichets 27 sont orientables entre deux positions. Une première position permet d'orienter le fluide de refroidissement réchauffé vers l'intérieur de l'habitation 7. Une seconde position permet de faire rentrer le fluide de refroidissement au travers de l'habitation 7, de le prélever plus tiède à un autre endroit de l'habitation 7 pour refroidir les modules photovoltaïques et l'évacuer encore plus réchauffé vers l'extérieur de l'habitation 7. La position de chaque guichet 27 est commandée par un système de commande 26. Le système de commande 26 permet d'orienter l'air chaud vers l'intérieur de l'habitation 7 lorsque la température extérieure est froide, en particulier à la fin de l'automne et en hiver. Wickets 27 are connected to the conduits 22. These windows 27 are orientable between two positions. A first position makes it possible to direct the heated cooling fluid towards the interior of the dwelling 7. A second position makes it possible to return the cooling fluid through the dwelling 7, to take it warmer at another location. of the house 7 to cool the photovoltaic modules and evacuate even more heated to the outside of the dwelling 7. The position of each window 27 is controlled by a control system 26. The control system 26 allows direct warm air into the interior of dwelling 7 when the outside temperature is cold, especially in late fall and winter.

Le système de commande 26 permet en outre d'aspirer l'air tiède à l'intérieur de l'habitation 7. L'air tiède est remplacé par un air plus frais aspiré à l'extérieur de l'habitation du côté nord. Ce dispositif permet une récupération plus complète de l'énergie et permet de se rapprocher de l'objectif de l'habitat énergiquement auto 15 satisfaisant. Selon une variante non représentée, les canaux 11 peuvent être constitués par une structure en nid d'abeille. Comme il va de soi, l'invention ne se limite pas aux seules formes d'exécution du panneau et du dispositif, décrites ci-dessus à titre d'exemple, 20 mais elle embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes. The control system 26 also makes it possible to suck the warm air inside the dwelling 7. The warm air is replaced by cooler air sucked out of the dwelling on the north side. This device allows a more complete recovery of the energy and makes it possible to approach the goal of the habitat energetically self satisfying. According to a variant not shown, the channels 11 may be constituted by a honeycomb structure. It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the embodiments of the panel and the device described above by way of example, but on the contrary embraces all variants.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Module solaire photovoltaïque (1) présentant un ensemble de cellules photovoltaïques (3) comprenant une première face (2) destinée à être exposée au rayonnement solaire, et une seconde face (4) destinée à être fixée sur un support, un échangeur thermique (10) placé sur la seconde face (4) comportant au moins un canal (11) destiné au passage d'un fluide de refroidissement (12), notamment de l'air, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de refroidissement comprenant des moyens de convection forcée (16) disposés de manière à augmenter le débit d'air de l'échangeur thermique (10), notamment à l'intérieur des canaux (11). 1. Photovoltaic solar module (1) having a set of photovoltaic cells (3) comprising a first face (2) intended to be exposed to solar radiation, and a second face (4) intended to be fixed on a support, a heat exchanger (10) placed on the second face (4) comprising at least one channel (11) for the passage of a cooling fluid (12), in particular air, characterized in that it comprises cooling means comprising forced convection means (16) arranged to increase the air flow rate of the heat exchanger (10), in particular inside the channels (11). 2. Module photovoltaïque (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens de convection forcée (16) comprennent au moins un ventilateur. 2. Photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 1, wherein the forced convection means (16) comprise at least one fan. 3. Module photovoltaïque (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel le ventilateur est disposé en amont des canaux (11). 3. Photovoltaic module (1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the fan is arranged upstream of the channels (11). 4. Module photovoltaïque (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens de convection forcée (16) des canaux (11) comprennent des ouvertures débouchant dans un passage dans lequel circule un flux d'air poussé dans les canaux (11). 4. Photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 1, wherein the forced convection means (16) of the channels (11) comprise openings opening into a passage in which circulates a flow of air pushed into the channels (11). 5. Module photovoltaïque (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'échangeur thermique (10) comporte au moins un matériau dont la composition comprend au moins un bon conducteur thermique. 5. Photovoltaic module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat exchanger (10) comprises at least one material whose composition comprises at least one good thermal conductor. 6. Module photovoltaïque (1) selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le conducteur thermique est un polymère chargé. Photovoltaic module (1) according to claim 5, wherein the thermal conductor is a charged polymer. 7. Dispositif destiné à fournir de l'énergie électrique à partir des 30 rayonnements solaires comprenant : au moins un module photovoltaïque solaire (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le module photovoltaïque solaire (1) étant en particulier disposé contre le mur (6) ou sur le toit (5) d'une habitation (7), un système de conduits (22) reliés aux boîtiers (15) des modules 35 photovoltaïques solaires (1) disposés de manière à réinjecter au sein del'habitation le fluide de refroidissement (12, 13) réchauffé lors de son passage par l'échangeur thermique (10). 7. Device for supplying electrical energy from solar radiation comprising: at least one solar photovoltaic module (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the solar photovoltaic module (1) being in particular arranged against the wall (6) or on the roof (5) of a dwelling (7), a duct system (22) connected to the housings (15) of the solar photovoltaic modules (1) arranged so as to reinject within the dwelling the cooling fluid (12, 13) heated during its passage through the heat exchanger (10).
FR0708625A 2007-12-11 2007-12-11 PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE WITH THERMAL EXCHANGER Expired - Fee Related FR2924864B1 (en)

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US11887231B2 (en) 2015-12-18 2024-01-30 Tahoe Research, Ltd. Avatar animation system
WO2024061561A1 (en) * 2022-09-19 2024-03-28 Sunmaxx PVT GmbH Photovoltaic-thermal module

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