FR2893638A1 - Windbreak comprises netting in the form of a a knitted fabric comprising a mesh of filaments supporting parallel tapes arranged perpendicular to the wind - Google Patents

Abstract

Windbreak comprises netting strung between vertical posts, where the netting is a knitted fabric comprising a mesh of filaments supporting parallel tapes arranged perpendicular to the wind.

Description

The present invention relates to a flexible curtain windbreak system

  waterproof, flexible screen wind interceptor, wind retarder able to make the wind disappear in the wind. The present invention starts from the discovery of a fact totally ignored, therefore not formulated by the profession, which is that the wind is air under a speed. In these conditions, if the speed of the wind is removed, only air remains, and the wind has disappeared. The other windbreaks divert the wind, divert it, but the wind stays on the sides. With the windbreak according to the invention there is no wind at all. The wind, air under a speed, has become, behind the flexible screen interceptor of the wind, air without velocity, thus air quite simple.

  To obtain this result the windbreak according to the invention is composed of 1 / a solid carrier net and 2 / a wind collecting surface made of economic materials such as packaging bag film, surface that takes into account Charges the wind to make the wind blowing in the wind, and thus virtually eliminates the inconvenience of the wind without having to endure the usual drawbacks of traditional windbreaks. And this in all applications of shelterbelts, recreation areas or outdoor activities, domestic, sports fields, tennis courts, swimming pools, campsites, cafe terraces, restaurants, auditoriums, cruise ships, garbage dumps, agricultural, industrial, scientific and other activities. The present flexible wind interceptor screen can also be used as a sunscreen. There are at least two types of windbreaks: those that are massive and those that are soft, the living plant windbreaks are classified in the massive and rigid windbreaks. The solid wall windbreaks have too many disadvantages well known for not being talked about here ...

  Traditional flexible windbreaks often consist of a cane-like structure, perforated sheet, reticular screens and generally behave like deflectors, like sails. Known filaments are composed of woven filaments or made without particular aero-dynamic characteristics. They are usually windbreak and screenbreak at the same time. They shelter the wind behind the wind by diverting the wind and sending it elsewhere without removing the kinetic energy.

  These windbreak screens are held in place by their upper and lower edges, or also side, through reels or different sliding systems associated with stiffeners. These windbreak screens are generally held in place by being directly lashed themselves to piles, poles sealed in the ground and also held by stays fixed to their tops. It has long been known to manufacture windbreak nets obtained by working one or more sheets of extruded plastics material which are cut or perforated and associated with the disadvantages of tear tendency and low mechanical strength, and their lack of characteristics. special aerodynamics. The present invention takes all the advantages of known fabrications while eliminating the disadvantages. The object of the present invention is not to divert the flow of wind as do all windbreaks, all rigid screens and the majority of flexible screens, the goal is not to obtain a local suppression of the wind. wind, the purpose is not to protect from the wind a wide area of a certain multiple of the height of the screen, the purpose, and the result, of the flexible wind interceptor screen according to the invention is to make to disappear the force of the wind in the ambient air, in the air of the wind, and this by refusing to consider the wind as a usual fluid, because the wind is not a fluid that moves in the air and 20 the rules of the fluids are applied. The wind is moving air that moves in the air, and so that can disappear in the air, unlike all the other fluids whose study has built the rules of aerodynamics. Which of the rules the present invention intends to consider as not applicable to its particular case. According to the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the flexible wind interceptor screen is constituted by a first fishnet, a first knit-proof knit, knitted with the filaments 1 / and 2 / which is hugged energetically, not to say strangely, ribbons 3 / flat parallel and not joined. The ribbons 3 / are designed to take the full force of the wind. For this they will represent the largest apparent surface that the wind will meet arranged perpendicular to its trajectory, therefore its pressure, so its speed, so its kinetic energy. The knit-resistant knitwear is designed to simply carry, to hold in place, and in working position, the collector ribbons, and of course to direct the efforts collected by the ribbons 3 / to the cables and therefore to the support posts of the interceptor screen. This kind of complex is generally obtained on textile machines known as Rachel trades but can also be obtained on a loom without the pullable function which is not essential when the flexible wind interceptor screen is in place. The flexible screen curtain is manufactured so that its carrier knit is stretched perpendicular to the direction from which the wind to intercept. The carrier knit has two cylindrical filaments 1 / wound around each other and stretching in the warp direction of the knitting machine. In the direction of the weft the machine has in square mesh of about 10 mm two other filaments 2 / passing zig-zag a row of filaments 1 / wound around each other to the next row of these filaments 1 /. Thus, a mesh is formed, a supple and resistant carrier net in which the different strands are not only twisted on each other but are also knotted, intertwined into each other.

  This fishnet, a network of robust and strong filaments, is built to be sewn without difficulty and with all existing simple sewing machines. It will be made of a noble material, solid, mechanically resistant and expensive. But since it is this noble mesh that depends all the robustness of the flexible screen interceptor of the wind, the cost will be forgotten in favor of quality. This is the only surface of the screen that will be made in a material expensive, this unlike other screens that are made entirely in an expensive material. In this mesh, in the knots of this twisted knotted net is introduced, in the direction of the weft flat ribbons, fine 3 / which will strangled vigorously at each interlacing filaments 1 / and 2 /. The ribbons 3 / will be cut intentionally without precautions in a sheet of plastic material with characteristics of flexibility, stiffness, resistance to elongation as possible different from the material of which are composed the filaments of the mesh of the carrier net.

  To manufacture ribbons 3 / meeting the expectations of users and in accordance with the present invention will be used the most flexible polyolefin such as low density polyethylene because of its elongation capacity with increased strength, unlike many others plastics that are stronger, stronger, but also break with less cumulative effort. The major advantage of using relatively soft materials is that they will lengthen to settle in the flexible wind interceptor screen by distributing the forces imposed by the wind. The flexible elements will lengthen as long as the efforts to which they are subjected exceed their capacities, leaving to the less loaded neighbors the forces which exceed them. This avoids the tears encountered with other, more solid materials, apparently. To achieve a windbreak according to the invention satisfactory both from the point of view qualities -performances that from the point of view cost price will be used, to make the tapes 3 / film of the most common material but which has the mechanical strength more than just sufficient, for example a film thickness of between about 0.05 mm and 0.25 mm. One of the advantages of this installation is that the user does not have the impression of being in front of an industrial grid, and that, unlike other textiles and surfaces, plants cling to it, cling to it perfectly. to turn an ugly windbreak into an aesthetic and useful hedge. It is found that the ribbons 3 /, the meshes, deform, even move, to follow the growth of this or that plant appendage, whereas with other forms of textile the vegetal appendages, or else can not s' hang, or cause a tear that will increase at the next squall. At the least effort the first ribbon 3 / will move to the second which itself will move to the third and so on until the addition of resistors ribbons 3 / displaced has become more resistant than the effort received, and this without breaking due to the elongation capacity of the ribbons 3 /. This provides a screen curtain practically tear-proof. Another advantage of this type of flexible screen is that its larger apparent surface, the surface opposite the wind consists of ribbons 3 / may be made of base material, not noble, inexpensive such as film for garbage bags. These flat ribbons will be the least flat, the least aerodynamic possible and will be twisted in the net carrier. Instead of unwinding the coils of these flat ribbons 3 / by rotating the coil on its axis, pulling the tape out of the coil in the extension of its axis. So at each reel turn the ribbon is twisted, twisted on itself. This anti-aerodynamic ribbon 3 /, twisted on itself, flat is introduced into the nodes of the carrier net which thus strangling, energetically embrace each mesh of the carrier net. The flat ribbons 3 / being thin and wide are strangled vigorously at each mesh of the carrier net, that is to say approximately every 10 millimeters depending on the size of the carrier net. The 3 / flat and thin ribbons have a width of about 2 mm flat, but as they are twisted on themselves irregularly depending on the unwinding state of the coil their apparent width with regard to the incoming wind varies in permanently. The wind notes that it has been left a free passage between two consecutive ribbons not joined 10 to 80% according to the relative twist of the two ribbons 3 / and the mesh of the knit. This system also allows the manufacture of non-waterproof screens that are not opaque but let the eye pass, without allowing the wind to pass. So when the homogeneous flow of the wind arrives on the flexible interceptor screen of the wind thus constituted, it is divided by this barricade of flat ribbons of first contact all different, leaving passages all different, in micro-jets of air all different from one to his next according to the open space between each flat ribbon. Moreover the twisting of each ribbon gives it a constantly different orientation of a ribbon 3 / to the following so that the jets of air coming out of the screen are directed, stirred into each other, the others across each other. , according to the punctual state of curvature, the undulation of these sowers of disorders in the wind that are our ribbons 3 / sinuous, twisted, twisted. The twists and twists, different from a ribbon 3 / to its next, imposed on the ribbons offer the advantage of removing on the surface, the skin of the retarder screen flatness by making the surface rough, sinuous, wavy , composed of a succession of depressions and projections, crevices and hard peaks. The same flow of wind arriving, organized and in perfect order, suddenly encounters a succession of obstacles side by side, successively concave then convex, then in plane opposition, declared and manifest. Worse, these 3 / sinuous ribbons are oriented to direct the forces of the wind into each other, those oriented to the right directed right into those directed to the left, those directed downwards directed in those directed upwards. . The roughness of the skin of the curtain prevents the wind from escaping to the sides.

  Thus the complex network of tight meshes, twisted by this flexible wind interceptor screen, transforms all the wind energy of the wind into agitations, into micro turbulences in which the speed of the wind is slowed down, slowed down and almost stopped, to even disappear. However, it is only the speed of the wind that is stopped and suppressed, and not the wind. The wind is not just diverted, as do most other windbreaks that behave like simple deflectors. With the flexible screen interceptor of the wind according to the invention the wind is slowed, it disperses, it dissolves and disappears in the air of the wind, having lost its speed therefore its apparent pressure, therefore its force, the energy wind is intercepted, suppressed, and not deflected as with other windbreaks that behave first as deflectors. Without being completely stopped, which allows a little air to pass and avoids the impression of suffocation that one still feels behind a massive windbreak. In addition, the windbreak effect of the complex curtain according to the invention is proportional to the formula: Ec = MV2. Thus the effectiveness of the windbreak curtain according to the invention is proportional to half the square of the wind speed, that is to say the speed of the mass of each molecule of air. This characteristic is particularly interesting when there is little wind because the users have the impression of having air, which is not the case behind a massive windbreak where we often have the wind. impression of lack of air.

  To increase the efficiency of the wind interceptor flexible screen described above it can be arranged in two or more thicknesses separated by an air gap which, open on its sides, will act as a decompression chamber increasing further efficiency. This system with multiple soft screens wind interceptors is preferred when it is desired to also have a screen.

  Behind all the usual windbreaks users feel an unpleasant impression in stormy weather, probably because of the static electricity present in the wind and in addition cleared by the turbulence caused in the flow of stormy air. The present invention also claims the novel idea of transforming the windbreak screen already constituted as a barrier to electrostatic or electromagnetic currents and energies.

  For this it is sufficient to add in the knitting an electrically conductive wire. This will transform the volume formed behind the windbreak according to the invention in Faraday cage volume. To reduce the impression of electricity in the air, it suffices to add a small conductive wire of about 0.05 to 0.5 mm in diameter which, added in the carrier net, will fulfill remarkably and easily its role. Indeed this metal filament will not be electrically isolated. Thus it will be in contact every 50 cm with the carrying cables transmitting forces of the wind, themselves in intimate contact with the metal frame itself in intimate contact with the ground, especially when using the sub-earth anchors patented by elsewhere. In order to withstand the aggressions of the climate and the sun, the flexible screens intercepting the wind according to the invention will necessarily be made in resistant materials naturally or by means of built-in charges. According to the invention, it will be preferable to use a carbon-black filler. The carbon-black absorbs radiation on the outer surface of the product to be protected, but above all it will also condense static electricity and send all the troublesome static electricity to the earth. To further increase the capacity to eliminate the static electricity of the interceptor screen according to the invention can be introduced a small amount of very electrically conductive powder in the material of the ribbons 3 /, for example metal powders such as only aluminum powder or stainless metal powder. Thus the surface of the ribbons will absorb the static electricity at the very moment when it is produced by the friction of the molecules of air on the material of the screen and also the molecules between them. The wires of the grid will absorb this electricity on the spot and lead her to the frame that will lead her to the earth. This charge of metal powder will offer, in addition, the advantage of making more clear and less black ribbons, which represent the largest apparent surface for the observer and the recipient user. The fact that the surface is less black will also offer the advantage that the surface of the wind interceptor flexible screen will not only absorb less solar radiation and therefore will be less hot, but in addition will re-emit less heat radiation and therefore will appear as more fresh to users.

  To give an impression of even greater freshness at the desired moment, it is possible to add, to incorporate into the network of knits of the carrier knit, next to the filaments 1 / and 2 /, a small flexible pipe of liquid which will allow to perfuse just a little water, a liquid whose evaporation accelerated by the wind will release freshness.

  The setting up of the current canvases and screens is done by fixing these canvases and screens directly on poles stowed on the ground by various traditional means or by stays. Flexible windshield screens are generally designed to be one piece that collects all the force of the wind in a single global push. This sail effect submits the canvas to considerable effort, especially in case of squalls. Manufacturers are, for this, forced to strengthen the canvases to enable them to resist and be able to cash all the wind pressure on its left edge and its right edge, that is to say where are the carrier poles. This feature has two major disadvantages: it increases the cost, and especially it encourages installers and manufacturers to reduce the unit size windbreaker fabrics. To overcome these drawbacks often prohibitive the present invention claims the new idea to install a steel cable force transmitter in the direction of the length of the fabric, and more particularly in the direction of the weaving chain-knitting. This steel cable transmitting forces is intended to transmit to the support posts all the forces received from the wind. The screen receives the wind thrust and transmits it to the force-transmitting steel cable. The force-transmitting steel cable receives a thrust and transforms it into traction and then transmits it to the pole.

  The post receives a pull of the wind-force transmitting steel cable and transmits it to the ground either in the form of a pressure thanks to the buttresses constituted by the struts, or in the form of a traction taken in load by stays or anchors. To facilitate this installation of a steel cable transmitting forces of the wind, and especially so that the cloth transmits them seriously, and in a more homogeneous way all the efforts by reducing the distances of transmission, one will install regularly a cable of steel transmitting wind forces so that there is an absorber cable - force transmitter every 50 cm for example: so, for example chosen, a steel cable transmitting force to the high edge, a cable of steel force transmitter at 50 cm below, then a steel cable transmitting forces every 50 cm to the low edge. So for a 3 meter wide canvas installed horizontally there will be 7 horizontal force transmitting steel cables that will individually support only 50 cm of wind thrust over the length of the screen. The unitary effort that the width of the fabric will have to transmit to its vertical posts will be divided by 6. Thus, equivalent strength equivalent square meter windbreak according to the invention will be 6 times more robust. For this we will have in the carrier knit, and every 50 cm, two zones of reinforcement intended to transmit to the steel cable absorber-force transmitter the forces coming from each side of these so-called reinforcement zones. This reinforcing zone will be obtained (Fig. 2 and Fig. 4) by bringing together, in the case of a knit, several filaments of the carrier knit, for example four filaments 1 /, which will thus be side by side in constituting a much stronger ribbon on a step of a centimeter wide for example to follow the other settings of the machine. Or the filaments 1 / and 2 / in the case of a weave. In a tried-and-tested industrial embodiment, for reasons of efficiency, a ribbon of the same width as the space provided between the filaments 1 /, that is to say 10 mm, has been formed. Although this space is only indicative and does not constitute a restriction on the protection sought for innovation. To better transmit the wind forces and to facilitate the installation of the absorber cable - transmitter of forces which will take care of the forces of the wind one will constitute two ribbons of 10 mm in filaments 1 / close together which will be separated by a zone of 10 mm normal.

  It will thus be easy to intimately insert the absorber cable -transmitter wind forces into the interceptor wind screen. Indeed one has an existing space between each ribbon 3 / not joined, and not permanently fixed, space of about 2 to 3 mm, which allows the easy alternating introduction of the cable. The fact of organizing areas of support and transmission to the cable consisting of two ribbons causes a much better transmission of efforts to the cable. To be able to have adaptable width webs this patent claims the idea of having in the web double reinforcement zones in order to always have a complete reinforcement zone at any proximity, even when we do not want to use the entire width of the canvas but only a part. This arrangement makes it possible to have an edge reinforcement zone at the edge of the screen even if the full width is not used.

  The steel cables absorbers - transmitters of forces of the wind thus installed in the screen are of a section making them not extensible and robust enough to collect all the efforts of the most violent squalls. When the wind exerts its thrust, the screen absorbs, collects all the thrust of the wind. Instead of the entire screen having to take all the thrust of the wind over its entire width to transmit all of it to the load-bearing columns, every 50 centimeters there is an absorber cable - transmitter of the wind forces in steel which takes In charge of the thrust of the sell suffered by the whole screen but divided by 6. Thus the edges of the screen do they have more half of the thrust of the wind to transmit but only the sixth. These absorbers cables - transmitters of the forces of the wind will be particularly appreciated by the users of terrace who will want to hang there any useful objects or decoration such as lights, garlands, billboards or advertising displays, useful indications, etc. These cables also offer the advantage of providing the windbreak curtain with mechanical strength, a particularly appreciated solidity at the edge of swimming pool or property when one wants to oppose accidental crossing such as children by swimming pools, animals harmful, ill-intentioned individuals. It will also strengthen the anti-intrusion repellent effect by putting these cables under electric discharges very high voltage. A preferred advantage of mounting the windbreak on cable is that it can be foldable canvas doors. For this we have in the desired area as a passageway a horizontal roller support at the top and another down, that roulette support is a rail or a simple tensioned cable. The carrying cables transmitting the windbreak curtain itself, cut to the right size of the door, are stretched between the rollers, vertically this time. When you want to fold the curtain, just circulate the cables on the caster supports installed. The most difficult is to prevent the collector tapes 3 / slip in the mesh of the carrier knit. For this we can add in the mesh reinforcing zones padding of frizzy filaments which will apply a permanent pressure on the ribbon 3 / to prevent it from sliding in contact with the filaments 1 / and 2 /. Thus the forces collected by the ribbons 3 / will be better transmitted to the reinforcement areas that will transmit better to the absorber cables - transmitters of wind forces with less risk of sliding.

  Carrying a curtain flexible screen interceptor wind by a non-stretchable cable has the consequence, and as an advantage, that the curtain will beat slightly with each gust of wind. Thus the curtain will be shaken and will always remain clean because constantly cleaned of all the flying objects carried by the wind which it will have stopped at the same time as the wind. 1.5 20 25 30

Claims (11)

  1) Soft windscreen curtain flexible windbreaker characterized by the fact that it starts from the idea that the wind is air under a speed, and that to break the wind just remove its speed, so to do this intercept the wind and make it disappear into the ambient air by passing it through a weave whose components will divide the energy of the incident wind into micro-jets of air directed against each other. For this it comprises, stretched between vertical poles, a peel-resistant mesh, carrier knit, robust network of tight meshes in filaments 11 and 21 which holds in place, carries, hugs and even flat tapes 31, arranged parallel, non-contiguous perpendicular in the wind, which ribbons support all the energy of the wind thrust.   2) curtain flexible screen wind interceptor according to claim 1 characterized in that the ribbons 31 are arranged to be the most anti-aerodynamic possible, and for this are twisted, twisted on themselves so as, firstly disorganize the incident flow of the wind that has passed through the screen curtain in turbulence and internal friction observed on the back of the curtain screen, on the other hand to give the skin of the curtain a rough surface that will prevent the flow of incident air from wanting to escape by the sides being simply diverted, deflected.   3) Windshield curtain flexible wind interceptor according to the preceding claims characterized in that the ribbons 31, are arranged not joined so as on one hand to pass the gaze without allowing the wind to pass and on the other hand to always let pass a little air.   4) Windshield curtain flexible wind interceptor according to the preceding claims characterized in that the ribbons 31, which represent the largest surface of the windbreak screen, are made from a very economical film and curtain although that constituted mostly by economic materials has excellent mechanical strength since all efforts are transmitted by the filaments 11 and 21.   5) flexible screen curtain according to the preceding claims characterized in that is added in the weaving-knitting of the curtain a small non-insulated electrical conductor wire which can lead to the earth all the static electricity charges present in the event of a thunderstorm or caused by the friction of the micro-jets of air having passed through the curtain windbreak screen, and which will also constitute a screen with electromagnetic waves making it possible to constitute a Faraday cage. If a low-voltage resistive insulated wire is added, a large surface heating resistor will be available.   6) Windshield curtain flexible wind interceptor according to the preceding claims characterized in that the plastic material constituting it is charged on the one hand carbon-black to protect it against ultraviolet radiation, on the other hand metal powder to increase the screen properties against electromagnetic waves and surface electrical conductivity, and also to make the appearance more discreet than the black color.   7) Curtain flexible screen wind interceptor according to the preceding claims characterized in that the material used to achieve either all or part of the ribbons 3 / has received a treatment that makes it reflective of solar radiation.   8) Curtain flexible wind interceptor screen according to the preceding claims characterized in that the weaving-knitting is performed to allow to insert intimately, over the entire length, steel cables to take care of and then transmit the wind pressure forces to drive them to the support poles. These steel cables allow to hang in front of or behind the screen curtain all desired objects such as lighting, advertising.   9) Curtain flexible screen wind interceptor according to the preceding claims characterized in that the weaving-knitting is performed to allow to insert one or more cables capable of withstanding voluntary or accidental attempts to cross or to insert therein. electric cables designed to receive high voltage electrical discharges intended to dissuade the crossing or the approach by undesirable beings, whether they are animal or harmful.   10) curtain flexible screen wind interceptor according to the preceding claims characterized in that it can be constituted by a door that can be opened or closed by installing on the floor and at the top of the place for the passage a support wheels. The ends of each transmitting carrier cable are equipped with rollers of the size of the screen curtain cut to the size of the desired door. The load-bearing cables that transmit the wind forces are installed vertically and move freely between and on the caster supports.   11) curtain flexible wind interceptor screen according to the preceding claims characterized in that it may consist of several layers of fabric, knitted superimposed one behind the other with them an open decompression chamber on the sides. 30