FR2872422A1 - Cosmetic composition, useful to treat keratinous material e.g skin of the body or face, comprises an anionic-, amphoteric- and/or non-ionic tensio actives, and an ethylenic copolymer in a medium - Google Patents

Abstract

Cosmetic composition comprises at least an anionic-, amphoteric- and/or non-ionic tensio actives, and an ethylenic copolymer comprising (wt.%): monomer (I) (10-60); cationic monomers (IIa-IId)(40-90); and non ionic hydrophlic monomer in a medium (0-50). Cosmetic composition (A) comprises at least an anionic-, amphoteric- and/or non-ionic tensio actives, and an ethylenic copolymer comprising (wt.%): a monomer (I) (10-60) of formula CH2=C(R1)(Zx)-(R2)m-(CH2CH2O)n-R3 or their salts; a cationic monomer (40-90) (cationic monomer (IIa) of formula (CH2=C(R1)(Z1x1)-(Ra2)m1-X), amphoteric monomers of formulae (IIc) or (IId) (CH2=C(R1)(Z1x1)-(Ra2)m1-Xa+>-(Ra3)n1-Y1-> or (CH2=C(R1)(Z1x1)-(Ra2)m1-O-P->(O)2-O-(Ra3)n1-Xb+>); (IIa) with one or more anionic monomers (maleic anhydride and/or monomers (IIb) of formula CH2=C(-R1)-(Z1)x1-(Ra2)m1-Y) and/or with one or more amphoteric monomers (IIc or IId)) or their salts; and optionally non-ionic hydrophilic monomers (0-50) (with the exclusion of methyl acrylate, methyl(meth)acrylate and isopropyl acrylate), having a content higher or equal to 10 wt.% in a medium. T : divalent groups such as -COO-, -CONH-, -CONCH3-, -OCO-, -O-, -SO2-,- CO-O-CO- or CO-CH2-CO; R1H or a hydrocarbon radical of type CpH2p+1 (preferably H, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl); p : 1-12; Z : T; Z1 : T (preferably COO or CONH); x, m : 0 or 1; x1, m1 : 0 or 1 (preferably 1); R2, Ra2divalent carbon radical (optionally 1-30C ) comprising 1-18 heteroatoms (O, N, S, F, Si or P); n : 3-300; R3H or C radical (optionally 1-30C ) comprising 1-20 heteroatoms (O, N, S, F, Si or P); X : -N(R6)(R7), -P(R6)(R7) or -P+>R6R7R8; R6, R7, R8H, aromatic alkyl comprising 1-18 (preferably 1-10)C heteroatoms (O, N, S, F, Si or P); R6R7Ra6Ra7+(N or P) : first aromatic cycle comprising 5, 6, 7 or 8 (preferably 4, 5 or 6)C atoms and/or 2-4 heteroatoms (O, S or N); Y : -COOH, -SO3H, -OSO3H, -PO3H2 or -OPO3H2; Xa+>divalent group of formula -N+>(R6)(R7)-; R6, R7H, aromatic alkyl comprising 1-25 (preferably 1-20)C heteroatoms (O, N, S or P); Ya->-COO->, -SO3->, -OSO3->, -PO32>-> or -OPO32>->; Ra3divalent carbon radical, optionally 1-30C aromatic comprising 1-18 heteroatoms (O, N, S, F, Si or P); n1 : 1-100 (preferably 1-5); and Xb+>N+>R6R7R8. Provided that the first cycle can fuse with one or more other (optionally aromatic) comprising 5-7 (preferably 4-7)C atoms and/or 2-4 heteroatoms (O, S or N). An independent claim is also included for the process of treating keratinous material such as skin of the body or the face, nails, hair and/or lashes comprising applying (A) and optionally rinsing after a period of time.

Description

Cosmetic compositions containing at least one surfactant and at least one

  The present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one surfactant and at least one ethylene copolymer with polyethylene glycol grafts.

  It is known to employ polymers in the cosmetics field, and in particular in capillaries in the products which are not rinsed, for example to provide the hair or the hairstyle.

  In the field of so-called "rinsed" hair compositions, such as shampoos or conditioners, synthetic, water-soluble cationic polymers, which are known to provide good cosmetics to the hair, are also used; however, these polymers do not provide any effect of shaping the hair. It is the same with cationic natural derivative polymers such as modified guars which also provide a cosmetic character without allowing formatting. In the field of rinsed compositions, the polymers do not provide enough styling associated with a cosmetic

that acceptable.

  The present invention aims to provide cosmetic compositions comprising polymers capable of providing a real styling effect while maintaining an acceptable cosmetic compositions, including low viscosity polymers that only slightly modify the viscosity of the compositions comprising them.

  After numerous investigations, the applicant has demonstrated that the use of polymers comprising, inter alia, monomers of the polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate type as defined below, could allow the production of rinse-off or non-rinsed styling compositions having adequate cosmetic properties.

  Polymers containing polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate (MPEG) units are described in the prior art.

  Thus, it is known from EP372546, copolymers based on MPEG and monomers of the type (meth) acrylamides C1-C8 alkyl, which may comprise cationic monomers. However, these polymers comprise only a small proportion of cationic monomers, which does not allow them to generate adequate cosmetic effects, including a deposit on the hair that is sufficient to provide the desired properties.

  JP2002-322219 discloses polymers containing MPEG units in combination with hydrophobic monomers based on polypropylene glycol (PPO) or tetramethylene polyoxide, and cationic monomers. However, it has been found that these polymers, which comprise hydrophobic monomers, do not make it possible to obtain satisfactory cosmetic properties.

  It is also known from patent JP2002-284627 a composition comprising cationic polymers in which the PEG-type monomers are associated with monomers comprising quaternary amine units. However, the presence of quaternary units can induce, as and when applications, an increase in deposit which can affect, in some cases, the cosmetic quality of the composition. Furthermore, these polymers contain a low cationic charge rate, of the order of 0.5 to 6%, which does not allow an optimal affinity for the hair.

  JP2000-302649 discloses a hair composition comprising a polymer which comprises cationic or amphoteric monomers, monomers containing a polyether group, in particular of the PEG or PPO type, as well as optional monomers which may be predominantly hydrophobic (for example, methacrylate). stearyl).

  It is also known from JP07-285831, hair compositions comprising a polymer which comprises MPEG-type monomers in combination with ionic, cationic or amphoteric monomers, and additional monomers of the alkyl (meth) acrylate type. in C1-C24, mainly hydrophobic. However, the presence of hydrophobic comonomers, for example of the butyl acrylate or stearyl type, does not make it possible to obtain adequate cosmetic properties, in particular do not make it possible to obtain a good disentangling of wet hair just after shampooing.

  Application WO03 / 075867 is still known which describes linear block copolymers comprising a poly (alkylene glycol) sequence flanked by two ethylenic sequences. These polymers have the defect of having a central block of poly (alkylene glycol) high mass type which gives the polymer a high crystallinity, which can lead to opaque products and / or having a bold character.

  The Applicant has highlighted new polymers for providing a styling and conditioning effect to cosmetic hair products.

  Without being bound by the present explanation, it may be thought that this may be due in particular to the presence of PEG (meth) acrylate units (MPEG) within the polymer chain, which contribute to a large extent to the effect obtained. It has indeed been found that this effect was not obtained with a simple mixture of cationic polymer and PEG type polymer.

  Surprisingly, the polymers according to the invention have interesting cosmetic properties, for example when applied in a shampoo-type formulation; it has indeed been found that the hair is easily disentangled during shampooing, and that they present softness; after drying, the compositions according to the invention also make it possible, once the hair has dried, to form the hair particularly well.

  The cosmetic compositions according to the invention are characterized in that they comprise: I) at least one anionic, amphoteric, nonionic surfactant and mixtures thereof and II) at least one ethylenic copolymer comprising, in% by weight relative to the weight total of the polymer: a) 10-60% by weight of one or more monomers of formula (I) as defined hereinafter; b) 40-90% by weight of at least one "essentially cationic" monomer chosen from: - (i) one or more cationic monomers of formula (IIa), - (ii) one or more amphoteric monomers of formulas (IIc) ) and (Ild), and - (iii) a mixture of one or more cationic monomers of formula (IIa) with one or more anionic monomers selected from maleic anhydride and / or those of formula (IIb); and / or with one or more amphoteric monomers chosen from those of formulas (IIc) and (Ild).

  c) and optionally 0-50% by weight of non-ionic hydrophilic monomers, excluding methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and isopropyl acrylate if they are present in a higher amount or equal to 10% by weight.

  In the remainder of the present description, the term "cyclic radical" will be understood to mean a monocyclic or polycyclic radical, which may itself be in the form of one or more saturated and / or unsaturated, optionally substituted rings (for example cyclohexyl, cyclodecyl, benzyl or fluorenyl), but also a radical which comprises one or more of said rings (for example p-tertbutylcyclohexyl or 4-hydroxybenzyl).

  The term "saturated and / or unsaturated radical" means completely saturated radicals, totally unsaturated radicals, including aromatic radicals, as well as radicals comprising one or more double and / or triple bonds, the remainder of the bonds being single bonds.

  The surfactants are chosen from anionic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof: anionic surfactants, among which may be mentioned, alone or as mixtures, the salts (in particular salts of alkali metals, in particular of sodium, ammonium salts, salts, amines, aminoalcohol salts or magnesium salts) of the following compounds: alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl amido ether sulphates, alkyl aryl polyether sulphates, monoglyceride sulphates; alkylsulfonates, alkylphosphates, alkylamidesulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, α-olefin-sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates; alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylethersulfosuccinates, alkylamidesulfosuccinates; alkylsulfosuccinamates; alkylsulfoacetates; alkyl ether phosphates; acylsarcosinates; acylisethionates and N-acyltaurates, the alkyl or acyl radical of all these different compounds preferably containing from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and the aryl radical preferably denoting a phenyl or benzyl group. Mention may also be made of fatty acid salts such as the salts of oleic, ricinoleic, palmitic and stearic acids, coconut oil acid or hydrogenated coconut oil acid; acyl lactylates, the acyl radical of which contains 8 to 20 carbon atoms; alkyl D galactoside uronic acids and their salts, as well as polyoxyalkylenated (C 6 -C 24) alkyl carboxylic acids, polyoxyalkylenated (C 6 -C 24) alkyl carboxylic acids, polyoxyalkylenated (C 6 -C 24) alkyl amido ether carboxylic acids and their salts, in particular those containing from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide groups, and mixtures thereof.

  nonionic surfactants among which may be mentioned, alone or mixtures, alcohols, alpha-diols, alkylphenols or polyethoxylated fatty acids, polypropoxylated or polyglycerolated, having a fatty chain comprising for example 8 to 18 carbon atoms, the a number of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide groups that can range from 2 to 50 and the number of glycerol groups that can range from 2 to 30. Mention may also be made of copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, condensates ethylene oxide and propylene oxide on fatty alcohols; polyethoxylated fatty amides preferably having from 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide, polyglycerolated fatty amides having on average 1 to 5 glycerol groups and in particular 1.5 to 4; oxyethylenated sorbitan fatty acid esters having from 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; sucrose fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, alkylpolyglycosides, N-alkylglucamine derivatives, amine oxides such as (C10-C14) alkyl oxides or oxides N-acylaminopropylmorpholine.

  the amphoteric surfactants, of which mention may be made, alone or as mixtures, of aliphatic secondary or tertiary amine derivatives, in which the aliphatic radical is a linear or branched chain comprising 8 to 22 carbon atoms and comprising at least one group; anionic water-solubilising agent (for example carboxylate, sulphonate, sulphate, phosphate or phosphonate); mention may also be made of (C 8 -C 20) alkyl betaines, sulfobetaines, (C 1 -C 20 alkyl) amido (C 1 -C 6) alkyl betaines such as cocoamidopropyl betaine or (C 8 -C 20) alkylamido (C 1 -C 6) alkyl sulfobetaines.

  Among the anionic surfactants, it is preferred to use alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl ether carboxylates, and mixtures thereof, in particular in the form of alkaline or alkaline earth metal salts, ammonium, amine or aminoalcohol.

  The amount of anionic surfactants is preferably between 3% and 25% by weight, in particular between 5% and 25% by weight, relative to the total weight of the cosmetic composition.

  Among the amphoteric surfactants, C8C20 alkyl betaines, C8-C20 alkylamido C6-C8 alkyl betaines, alkylamphodiacetates and mixtures thereof are preferably used.

  Of the nonionic surfactants, C6 C24 alkyl poly-glucosides are preferably used. (I)

  The total amount of amphoteric and / or nonionic surfactants is preferably between 0.5% and 3% by weight, in particular between 1% and 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the cosmetic composition.

  Among the mixtures of surfactants that can be used, the associations of anionic surfactants and of amphoteric and / or nonionic surfactants are preferred.

  An anionic surfactant chosen from sodium alkyl, triethanolamine or ammonium alkyl (C12-Cu) sulphates, alkyl (C12-C14) ether sulphates of sodium, triethanolamine or ammonium oxyethylenated at 2.2 is preferably used. moles of ethylene oxide, sodium cocoyl isethionate and sodium alpha-olefin (C14-C16) sulphonate and mixtures thereof with: - either an amphoteric surfactant such as the amine derivatives known as disodium or diocoamphodipropionate or sodiumcocoamphopropionate marketed in particular by the company RHODIA CHIMIE under the trade name "MIRANOL C2M CONC" in aqueous solution containing 38% of active ingredient or under the name MIRANOL C32; or an amphoteric surfactant of zwitterionic type, such as alkylbetaines, in particular cocobetaine sold under the name "Dehyton AB 30" in aqueous solution containing 32% of MA by the company Cognis.

  The ethylenic copolymer according to the invention therefore comprises at least one monomer of formula (I), which may be present alone or as a mixture, in which: R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, of type CpH2p + 1, with p being an integer from 1 to 12 inclusive; Z is a divalent group selected from -COO-, -CON H-, -CONCH3-, -OCO-, -O-, -SO2- -CO-O-CO- or -CO-CH2-CO-; - x is 0 or 1; R2 is a saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, linear, branched or cyclic divalent radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may comprise 1 to 18 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; -mest0ou1 - n is an integer between 3 and 300 inclusive; preferably from 3 to 100 - R3 is a hydrogen atom or a carbon radical, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, linear, branched or cyclic, of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which can comprise 1 to 20 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; and their salts.

  In particular, R 1 may represent a methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl radical. Preferably, R 1 is hydrogen or a methyl radical.

  Preferably Z represents COO or CONH.

  (Z) X (R 2) m (CH 2 CH 2 O), R 3 / R 1 H 2 C = C Preferably, x is 1.

  In the radical R2, the heteroatom (s), when present, may be intercalated in the chain of said radical R2, or said radical R2 may be substituted by one or more groups including them such as hydroxy or amino (NH2, NHR '). or NR'R "with R 'and R" identical or different representing a linear or branched C1-C22 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, in particular methyl or ethyl).

  In particular R2 may be: an alkylene radical such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, isobutylene, tert-butylene, n-hexylene, n-octylene, n-dodecylene, n-octadecylene, ntetradecylene, n-docosanylene; a phenylene radical -C6H4- (ortho, meta or para) optionally substituted with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 25 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; or a benzene radical -C6H4-CH2- optionally substituted by a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 8 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; a pyridinium radical of formula: ## STR3 ## with R '1 to R' 4, which may be identical or different, chosen from H and a C 1 -C 12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 8 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; in particular R'1 to R'4 may be methyl and / or ethyl; a radical of formula -CH2-O-CO-O-, CH2-CH2-O-CO-O-, -CH2-CO-O-, -CH2-CH2-CO-O-, -CH2-O-CO -NH-, -CH2-CH2-O-CO-NH-; -CH2-NH-CO-NH-, -CH2-CH2-NH-CO-NH; -CH2-CHOH-, -CH2-CH2-CHOH-, -CH2-CH2-CH (NH2) -, -CH2-CH (NH2) -, CH2-CH2-CH (NHR ') -, -CH2-CH (NHR') -, -CH2-CH2-CH (NR'R ") -, -CH2-CH (NR'R") -, CH2-CH2-CH2-NR'-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-O-; -CH2-CH2-CHR'-O- with R 'and R "representing a linear or branched C1-C22 alkyl optionally comprising 1 to 12 heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, F, Si and P; mixture of these radicals.

  Preferably, n is between 5 and 200 inclusive, and even better between 7 and 100 inclusive, or even between 9 and 50 inclusive.

  Preferably, R3 is a hydrogen atom; a benzyl or phenyl radical optionally substituted with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 8 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; a C1-C30 alkyl radical, in particular C1-C22 or even C2-C16, optionally comprising 1 to 18 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P. These benzyl, phenyl or alkyl radicals may be substituted by a or more than one of the following functions: 2872422 7 Succinimido Glutarate-succinimido Glutarate oooooo N iN OH

O O

  Maleimido Mesityl Benzoate O 1 O O Me Me Tosyl Triethoxysilane Phthalimide O / Me S CH3 O N O O Me Me O Thioester S N Benzotriazole Butyraldehyde o carbonate Q

H / ON Y N = N

  Acetaldehyde diethylacetal Biotin Me o

O NN

Me NH H

SJ

  or else chosen from -SO3H, -COOH, -PO4, -NR5R6 or -N + R5R6R7, with R5, R6 and R7, independently of one another, chosen from H or C1-C18 alkyl, linear, branched or cyclic, especially methyl, optionally comprising 1 or more heteroatoms or bearing protective groups such as t-butyloxycarbonyl (also called BOC) or 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (also called FmoC).

  Among the R 3 radicals, mention may be made of the methyl, ethyl, propyl, benzyl, ethylhexyl, lauryl, stearyl and behenyl (- (CH 2) 21 -CH 3 chains), and also the fluorinated alkyl chains such as, for example, heptadecafluorooctyl sulfonyl amino ethyl CF 3 - (CF2) 7-SO2-N (C2H5) -CH2-CH2; or -CH2-CH2-CN, succinimido, maleimido, mesityl, tosyl, triethoxysilane or phthalimide chains.

  The amine units of the monomer may optionally be neutralized.

  Among the salts, mention may be made of the salts of mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, phosphoric acid and boric acid. Mention may also be made of organic acid salts, which may comprise one or more carboxylic acid, sulphonic acid or phosphonic acid groups. It may be linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic acids or aromatic acids. These acids may furthermore comprise one or more heteroatoms chosen from O and N, for example in the form of hydroxyl groups. These include propionic acid, acetic acid, terephthalic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid.

  The neutralization of the anionic groups can be carried out with a mineral base, such as LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca (OH) 2, NH 4 OH, Mg (OH) 2 or Zn (OH) 2; or by an organic base such as a primary, secondary or tertiary alkylamine, especially triethylamine or butylamine. This primary, secondary or tertiary alkylamine may comprise one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and may therefore comprise, for example, one or more alcohol functions; mention may especially be made of 2-amino-methyl-2-propanol, triethanolamine and dimethylamino-2-propanol. Mention may also be made of lysine or 3- (dimethylamino) propylamine.

  Among the particularly preferred monomers of formula (I), mention may be made of: poly (ethylene glycol) (meth) acrylate in which R 1 is H or methyl; Z is COO, x = 1, m = 0 and R3 = H; N-hydroxysuccinimide succinate o Phospholipid 0 0 o YjL '- OR

H O R o

  with R = C12-C18 alkyl, and especially lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, oleyl or linoleyl o - methyl-poly (ethylene glycol) (meth) acrylate, also called methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol) (meth) acrylate ), wherein R1 is H or methyl, Z is COO, x = 1, m = 0 and R3 = methyl; the alkyl (poly) ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate in which R 1 is H or methyl, Z is COO, x = 1, m = 0 and R 3 = alkyl.

  phenyl-poly (ethylene glycol) (meth) acrylates, also known as poly (ethylene glycol) phenyl ether (meth) acrylate, in which R 1 is H or methyl, Z is COO, x = 1, m = 0 and R3 = phenyl; the following monomer:

O

  in which n is preferably between 3 and 100 inclusive, in particular 5 to 50 inclusive, or even 7 to 30 inclusive.

  Examples of commercial monomers are: - CD 350 (methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate and CD 550 (methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate, supplied by SARTOMER Chemicals; - M90G (methoxy-poly methacrylate) (ethylene glycol (9 repeating units)) and M230G (methoxy-polyethylene glycol methacrylate (23 repeating units)) available from Shin-Nakamura Chemicals - molecular weight methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylates Means 300, 475 or 1100, available from Sigma-Aldrich; methoxypoly (ethylene glycol) acrylate of average molecular weight 426 available from Sigma-Aldrich; methacrylates of methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol) available from LAPORTE. under the trade names: MPEG 350, MPEG 550, S10W, S20W.

  poly (ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether, mono (succinimidyl succinate) ester of average molecular weight 1900 or 5000, from Polysciences; - behenyl poly (ethylene glycol PEG-25) methacrylate, available from Rho-30 dia, under the name SIPOMER BEM; poly (ethylene glycol) phenyl ether acrylates of average molecular weights 236, 280 or 324 available from Aldrich; methoxy polyethylene glycol 5000 2- (vinyl sulfonyl) ethyl ether commercially available from Fluka; polyethylene glycol ethyl ether methacrylate available from Aldrich; polyethylene glycol methacrylates 8000, 4000, 2000 from Monomer & Polymer Dajac laboratories; polyethylene glycol N-hydroxy succinimide vinyl sulfone commercially available from Nektar Molecule enginnering (Shearwater).

  The monomer of formula (I), alone or as a mixture, is present in a proportion of 10 to 60% by weight, relative to the weight of the final polymer, in particular from 20 to 55% by weight, preferably from 30 to 50% by weight. weight.

  Ionic motifs The ethylenic copolymer according to the invention also comprises at least one "essentially cationic" monomer, or one of its salts, chosen from: - (i) one or more cationic monomers of formula (IIa), - (ii) one or more amphoteric monomers of formulas (IIc) and (Ild), and - (iii) a mixture of one or more cationic monomers of formula (IIa) with one or more anionic monomers chosen from maleic anhydride and / or those of formula (IIb); and / or with one or more amphoteric monomers chosen from those of formulas (IIc) and (Ild).

  Preferably, the "essentially cationic" monomer is chosen from the cationic monomers of formula (IIa) and the amphoteric monomers of formula (IIc) or (IId), preferably from the cationic monomers of formula (IIa).

  By cationic monomer is meant a monomer comprising units capable of having a cationic charge in the pH range between 3 and 12. These units do not necessarily have a permanent charge whatever the pH. The cationic unit does not need to be protonated at each of these pH's. / R1

  H2C = C (IIa) \ (Z '), (R2') m. X / R 1 H 2 C = C (Z ') X- (R 2') m, Y / R 2 H 2 C = C + (Z ') ,. (R2) m. X '- (R' 3) n. Y '(IIc) R / O H C = C 2 (Z') x (R 2 ') m O-P-O- (R' 3). X "(Ild)

II

  In which: R1 is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical of the type CPH2P + 1, with p being an integer between 1 and 12, inclusive; In particular, RI may represent a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or tert-butyl radical. Preferably, R 1 represents hydrogen or a methyl radical.

  Z 'is a divalent group chosen from -COO-, -CONH-, -CONCH3-, OCO- or -O-, -SO2- -CO-O-CO- or -CO-CH2-CO-; Preferably, Z 'is selected from COO and CONH.

x 'is 0 or 1, preferably 1.

  - R'2 is a divalent carbon radical, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, linear, branched or cyclic, of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may comprise 1 to 18 heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, F, Si and P ; In the radical R'2, the heteroatom (s), when they are present, may be inserted in the chain of said radical R'2, or said radical R'2 may be substituted by one or more groups including them, such as hydroxy or amino (NH 2, NHR 'or NR'R "with R' and R" identical or different representing a linear or branched C1-C22 alkyl, especially methyl or ethyl).

  In particular R '2 may be: an alkylene radical such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, isobutylene, tert-butylene, n-hexylene, n-octylene, n-dodecylene, n-octadecylene, ntetradecylene, n-docosanylene; a phenylene radical -C6H4- (ortho, meta or para) optionally substituted with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 25 heteroatoms chosen from N, O, S, F, Si and / or P; or a benzene radical -C6H4-CH2-optionally substituted with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 25 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; a radical of formula -CH2-O-CO-O-, CH2-CH2-O-CO-O-, -CH2-CO-O-, -CH2-CH2-CO-O-, - [(CH2) 6 -CO-O] -, -CH2-CH (CH3) -O-, - (CH2) 2-O-, -CH2-O-CO-NH-, -CH2-CH2-O-CO-NH-; -CH2-NH-CO-NH- or -CH2-CH2-NH-CO-NH-, -CH2-CHOH-, -CH2-CH2-CHOH-, -CH2-CH2-CH (NH2) -, -CH2- CH (NH2) -, -CH2-CH2-CH (NHR ') -, - CH2-CH (NHR') -, -CH2-CH2-CH (NR'R ") -, -CH2-CH (NR'R) ") -, -CH2-CH2-CH2-N R'-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-O-; With R 'and R "representing a linear or branched C1-C22 alkyl optionally comprising 1 to 12 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; or a mixture of these; radicals; m is or 1; X (in formula IIa) is a group of formula N (R6) (R7) or P (R6) (R7) or - P + R6R7R8, with R6, R7 and R8 representing, independently of each other, either (i) a hydrogen atom, or (ii) a linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, alkyl group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which may comprise 1 to 10 heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, F, Si and P, or (iii) R6 and R7 may form with the nitrogen or phosphorus atom, a first cycle, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, comprising in total 5, 6, 7 or 8 atoms, and especially 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, said first cycle being fusible with one or more other rings, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, each comprising 5, 6 or 7 atoms, and especially 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N. For example, R6 and R7 may be chosen from hydrogen, a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, octyl, lauryl or stearyl group.

  Preferably R6 and R7 are independently selected from H, CH3 and C2H5.

  Alternatively, X may represent a group -R'6-N-R'7- in which R'6 and R'7 form with the nitrogen atom a ring, saturated or unsaturated, optionally-aromatic, comprising in total 5, 6, 7 or 8 atoms, and especially 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N; said cycle being fusible with one or more other rings, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, each comprising 5, 6 or 7 atoms, and in particular 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 4 selected heteroatoms Among O, S and N. For example, X may constitute an aromatic or non-aromatic ring comprising an aminetary group or may represent an aromatic or non-aromatic heterocycle, containing a tertiary nitrogen.

  Among these preferred X radicals, mention may be made of the pyridine, indolyl, isoindolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolynyl, pyrazolyl, quinoline, pyrazolinyl, pyridinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, quinidinyl, thiazolinyl, morpholine, guanidino, amidino and phosphonium radicals. , and their mixtures.

  The guanidino and amidino groups are respectively of formula: The monomers of formula (IIa) can be neutralized by neutralizing agents of different chemical nature.

  The neutralizing agent may be chosen from inorganic or organic acids. Advantageously, it can be chosen from neutralizing agents having a log P of less than or equal to 2, for example between -8 and 2, preferably between -6 and 1, in particular between -6 and 0. It can also be chosen from agents having a log P greater than 2, preferably greater than or equal to 2.5, in particular greater than 3, and in particular between 3 and 15, or even between 3.5 and 10.

  As explained below, the log P values are known and are determined according to a standard test which determines the concentration of the neutralizing agent in octanol-1 and water.

  Among these neutralizing agents, mention may be made of mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, phosphoric acid and boric acid. Mention may also be made of organic acid salts, which may comprise one or more carboxylic acid, sulphonic acid or phosphonic acid groups. It can be linear aliphatic acids, branched or Guanidino

NH

NH2 2 NH2

Amidino / \ /

-NH

  cyclic or unsaturated or aromatic acids. These acids may comprise, in addition, one or more heteroatoms chosen from O, N, Si, F and P, for example in the form of hydroxyl groups. These include propionic acid, acetic acid, terephthalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, CO2H-PEG-CO2H acid, betaine HCl [(CH3) 3N + CH2CO2H ICI-1, gluconic acid, 2-ethylcaproic acid, oleic acid, behenic acid and stearic acid.

  For information, hereinafter gives the value of log P of some common acids: Sulfuric acid -1.031 +/- 0.613 Acetic acid -0.285 + / 0.184 Propionic acid 0.246 + 1-0.184 Citric acid - 1.721 + / -0.396 Gluconic acid -3.175 + 1- 0.852 Boric acid -0.292 +/- 0.753 Phosphoric acid -2.148 +/- 0.587 Benzoic acid 1.895 +/- 0.206 Stearic acid 8.216 + 1-0.186 Behenic acid 10.342 +/- 0.186 Oleic acid 7 698 +10.199 Among the preferred monomers of formula (IIa), mention may be made of:

NOT

ONH

LNH2.HCI

O H / N \ H 0 0

) / \ N.,. / \ N / H

H

0H H N-N H 0 O / \ NH \ /

C 0 O

O NH / N /

L-N

  Among the monomers of formula (IIa) that are particularly preferred, mention may be made of dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, vinylimidazole, vinylpyridine, morphoiinoethyl (meth) acrylate.

  In formula (IIb), the meaning of the radicals R 1, Z ', x', R '2 and m' is the same as that given above for formula (IIa).

  In formula (IIb), Y is a group selected from -COOH, -SO3H, OSO3H, -PO3H2 and -OPO3H2.

  The neutralization of the anionic groups can be carried out with a mineral base, such as LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca (OH) 2, NH 4 OH, Mg (OH) 2 or Zn (OH) 2; or by an organic base such as a primary, secondary or tertiary alkylamine, especially triethylamine or butylamine. This primary, secondary or tertiary alkylamine may comprise one or more nitrogen and / or oxygen atoms and may therefore comprise, for example, one or more alcohol functions; mention may especially be made of 2-amino-methyl-2-propanol, triethanolamine and dimethylamino-2-propanol. Mention may also be made of lysine or 3- (dimethylamino) propylamine.

  It is understood that according to the state of the art, the groups SO4H2 and PO4H2 are linked to R'2 by the oxygen atom while the SO3H and PO3H groups are linked to R'2 respectively via the S atoms. and P. Among the preferred anionic monomers, mention may be made of maleic anhydride and the following monomers of formula (IIb): acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, acid fumaric, maleic acid, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CH2 = CH-C (O) -O- (CH2) 2-COOH); styrene sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylbenzoic acid, vinylphosphoric acid, sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate, and salts thereof.

  In formula (IIc), the meaning of the radicals R 1, Z ', x', R '2 and m' is the same as that given above for formula (IIa). The other radicals have the following meaning: - X '+ is a divalent group of formula N + (R6) (R7) - with R6 and R7 representing, independently of one another, either (i) an atom of hydrogen, or (ii) a linear, branched or cyclic, optionally aromatic, alkyl group comprising from 1 to 25 carbon atoms, which can comprise 1 to 20 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S and P; or (iii) R6 and R7 may form with the nitrogen atom a first, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic ring, comprising in total 5, 6, 7 or 8 atoms, and in particular 4, 5, 6 or 7 atoms of carbon and / or 2 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N; said first cycle being fusible with one or more other rings, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, each comprising 5, 6, 7 or 8 atoms, and especially 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 3 heteroatoms For example, R6 and R7 may be selected from hydrogen, a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl or isobutyl group.

  Among the preferred radicals X '+, there may be mentioned pyridine, indolyl, isoindolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolynyl, pyrazolyl, quinoline, pyrazolinyl, pyridinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, quinidinyl, thiazolinyl, morpholine, guanidino, amidino radicals. , and their mixtures.

  Y 'is a group chosen from -COO-, -SO3' -OSO3, -PO32- and OPO32-.

  R'3 is a saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, linear, branched or cyclic divalent radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may comprise 1 to 18 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P. In the radical R'3, the heteroatom (s), when they are present, may be inserted in the chain of said radical R'3, or said radical R'3 may be substituted by one or more groups including them. such as hydroxy or amino (NH 2, NHR 'or NR'R "with R' and R" identical or different representing a linear or branched C1-C18 alkyl, especially methyl or ethyl).

  In particular R '3 may be: an alkylene radical such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, isobutylene, tert-butylene, n-hexylene, n-octylene, n-dodecylene, n-octadecylene, n-tetradecylene, n docosanylène; a phenylene radical -C6H4- (ortho, meta or para) optionally substituted with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 5 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; or a benzene radical -C6H4-CH2- optionally substituted with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 5 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; a radical of formula -CH2-O-CO-O-, CH2-CH2-O-CO-O-, -CH2-CO-O-, -CH2-CH2-CO-O-, - [(CH2) 5 -CO-O] n-, -CH2-CH (CH3) -O-, - (CH2) 2-O-, -CH2-O-CO-NH-, -CH2-CH2-O-CO-NH-; -CH2-NH-CO-NH- or -CH2-CH2-NH-CO-NH-, -CH2-CHOH-, -CH2-CH2-CHOH-, -CH2-CH2-CH (NH2) -, -CH2- CH (NH2) -, -CH2-CH2-CH (NHR ') -, - CH2-CH (NHR') -, -CH2-CH2-CH (NR'R ") -, -CH2-CH (NR'R) ") -, -CH2-CH2-CH2-NR'-, - CH2-CH2-CH2-O-; - [CH2-CH2-O] - and - [CH2-CH (CH3) -O] -, -CH2-CH2-CHR'-O- with R 'and R "representing a linear or branched C1-C22 alkyl comprising optionally 1 to 12 heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, F, Si and P; or a mixture of these radicals; n 'is between 1 and 100, preferably 1 and 5 inclusive.

  In the formula (IId), the meaning of the radicals R1, Z ', x', R'2 and m 'is the same as that given above for the formula (IIa), and that of the radicals R'3 and n the same as that given for formula (IIc).

  In formula (IId), X "+ is a group of formula -N + R6R7R3 with R6, R7 and R8 representing, independently of each other, either (i) a hydrogen atom or (ii) a linear, branched or cyclic, optionally aromatic, alkyl group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which may comprise 1 to 5 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S and P; or (iii) R 6 and R 7 may form with nitrogen atom a first, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic ring, comprising in total 5, 6 or 7 atoms, and in particular 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 3 heteroatoms chosen from O, S and N said first cycle being fusible with one or more other rings, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, each comprising 5, 6 or 7 atoms, and especially 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 3 selected heteroatoms; among O, S and N. For example, R6, R7 and R8 may be selected from hydrogen, a methyl group, ethyl, propyl, is opropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, octyl, lauryl or stearyl.

  Preferred X "+ radicals include trimethylammonium, triethylammonium, N, N-dimethyl, N-octylammonium, N, N-dimethyl and N-laurylammonium radicals.

  Among the preferred monomers of formula (IIc) or (IId), mention may be made of N, N-dimethyl-N- (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) -N- (3-sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine (in particular SPE from Raschig) ; N, N-dimethyl-N- (3-methacrylamidopropyl) -N- (3-sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine (Raschig SPP), and 1- (3-sulfopropyl) -2-vinylpyridinium betaine (Raschig SPV), as well as 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine.

  When the 'essentially cationic' monomer is chosen from mixtures of cationic and / or amphoteric monomers with anionic monomers, the said anionic monomers are preferably present in amounts of 5 to 40% by weight, relative to the weight of the mixture. or amphoteric + anionic ", especially from 10 to 30% by weight, preferably from 15 to 25% by weight.

  The substantially cationic monomer is present in a proportion of 40 to 90% by weight based on the weight of the final polymer, especially 45 to 80% by weight, preferably 50 to 70% by weight.

  The ethylenic copolymer according to the invention may optionally include other monomers than those mentioned above. These addi-tional monomers are therefore nonionic.

  When it comprises such additional monomers, these are necessarily chosen from the so-called hydrophilic monomers within the meaning of the present invention.

  By hydrophilic monomer is meant monomers having a logarithm value of the octanol-1 / water apparent partition coefficient, also called log P, less than or equal to 2, for example between -8 and 2, preferably less than or equal to 1.5, especially less than or equal to 1, and in particular between -7 and 1, or even between -6 and 0.

  The log P values are known and are determined according to a standard test which determines the concentration of the monomer in octanol-1 and water.

  In particular, the values can be calculated using the Advanced Chemistry Development (ACD) software Solaris V4.67; they can also be obtained from Exploring QSAR: hydrophobic, electronic and steric constants (ACS professional reference book, 1995).

  There is still a website that provides estimated values (address: http://esc.syrres.com/interkow/kowdemo.htm) .http: //esc.syrres. com / interkow / kowd emo.htm).

  The value of the log P of certain usual monomers, determined using the ACD software, is given below: methacrylate Acrylate (* or methacrylamide) (* or acrylamide) Methyl (meth) acrylate 1.346 + 1- 0. 250 0.793 + 1- 0.223 Ethyl (meth) acrylate 1.877 + 1- 0.250 1.325 + 1- 0.223 Pro. Methylate 2.408 + 1- 0.250 1.856 + 1- 0.223 IsoMethic Methylate 2.224 + 1- 0.254 1.672 + 1- 0.228 Purpose Methylate 2.940 +/- 0. 250 2.387 + 1- 0.223 Isobut I meth acate 2.756 + 1- 0.254 2.208 +/- 0.228 - E - 2.574 + 1- 0.261 2.022 + 1- 0.238 E - - 3.405 +/- 0.252 2.853 + 1- 0.226 5.065 + / 0.521 4.513 +/- 0.224 7.190 +/- 0.251 6.638 +/- 0.224 7.712 +/- 0.251 7.170 +/- 0.224 9.316 + 1-0.251 8.764 + 1- 0.224 E. 10.379 +/- 0. 251 9.826 +/- 0.224 behen Methylate 11.952 + 1- 0.225 12.504 0.251 Methylate> 9 9.308 0.232 Tetrahydrofurfuryl 1.352 0.283 0.800 0.263 meth) acrylate 2-ethyl hexyl 4,881 0,254 4,329 0,229 (meth) acrylate 2-hydroxyethyl 0.718 0.277 0.166 0.258 (meth) acrylate ethoxyethyl 1.887 0.293 1.335 0.268 (meth) acrylate Hydroxypropyl 0.383 0.241 (meth) acrylate N-isopropyl 0.748 0.276 0.195 0.256 ( meth) acrylamide * N-octyl (meth) acrylamide * 3,558 0,273 3,036 0,253 N, N-dimethyl 0,906 0,553 -0,168 0,556 (meth) acrylamide * N, N-dibutyl 3,573 0,570 3,021 0,557 (meth) acrylamide * Vinyl acetate 0.730 0.286 methyl vinyl ether 0, 509 0.286 ethyl vinyl ether 1.040 0.286 vinylcaprolactam 1.499 0.207 Vinylpyrrolidone 0.370 0.206 N-vinylacetamide 0 0.231 The additional hydrophilic monomers may especially be chosen from those of formula (III), alone or as a mixture,: / R'1 H2 C = C (Z ") - R" in which: R'i is hydrogen or -CH3; Z "is a divalent group chosen from -COO-, -CONH-, -CONCH3-, OCO-, -SO2, -CO-O-CO-, -CO-CH2-CO- or -O-; COO and CONH; - x "is 0 or 1; R "is a saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, branched, branched or cyclic, carbon radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which can comprise 1 to 18 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and In the radical R ", the heteroatom (s), when they are present, may be inserted in the chain of said radical or said radical may be substituted by one or more groups including them, such as hydroxy, ester, amide, urethane or urea.

  In particular, R "may be a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, phenyl or benzyl radical, or a radical of formula -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 OH or furfuryl.

  The additional hydrophilic nonionic monomers are chosen in particular from the following monomers: methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, acrylate and the like. isopropyl, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, ethoxyethyl methacrylate, ethoxyethyl acrylate, N-isopropyl acrylamide, N-isopropyl acrylate, isopropyl methacrylamide, N, N-dimethyl acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, vinylpyrrolidone, vinylcaprolactam, N-vinyl acetamide, hydroxypropyl acrylate, N-vinyllactam, acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide, N-vinylformamide, N-methyl-N- vinylformamide, vinyl alcohol (copolymerized in the form of vinyl acetate then hydrolysis).

  The additional monomer, alone or as a mixture, may not be present in the polymer according to the invention (0%), or may be present in an amount of up to 50% by weight, relative to the weight of the polymer. final; in particular it may be present in an amount of from 0.1 to 35% by weight, preferably from 1 to 25% by weight, for example from 3 to 15% by weight, or even from 5 to 9.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the polymer.

  However, it was found that when this additional monomer was selected from methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and isopropyl acrylate, these monomers could not be present in an amount greater than or equal to 10% by weight. These monomers may therefore be present in a proportion of 0-9.5% by weight in the final polymer, in particular from 0.1 to 8% by weight, preferably from 1 to 5% by weight.

  Preferably, the polymer which can be used according to the invention comprises the monomers of formula (I) and the "essentially cationic" monomers in a weight ratio ranging from 60/40 to 40/60, with a preference for a 50/50 ratio. .

  The polymers according to the invention can be prepared according to the usual conventional radical polymerization methods, well known to those skilled in the art, and as described for example in the book "Chemistry and physicochemistry of polymers" of Gnanou et al. . (Dunod edition).

  In particular, these polymers may be prepared by: direct polymerization in solution in water with or without pre-neutralization of the cationic unit and / or anionic unit; - Emulsion polymerization in water with pre-neutralization or not of the cationic unit and / or anionic unit, using a surfactant; polymerization in an organic solvent, such as ethanol or methyl ethyl ketone, with or without pre-neutralization of the cationic unit and / or of the anionic unit, followed by a dissolution or dispersion stage in water with evaporation of the solvent.

  These polymerizations can be carried out in the presence of a radical initiator, especially of the peroxide (Trigonox 21S: tert-Butyl peroxy-2ethylhexanoate) or azo (AIBN V50: 2,2'-azo-bis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride) type, which can be present in a proportion of 0.3 to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the monomers.

  The polymers according to the invention are uncrosslinked. They are in the form of random ethylenic copolymers, preferably film-forming copolymers, one or more ethylenic monomers containing PEG groups (the PEG groups are pendent along the backbone) and one or more ethylenic monomers containing cationic functions. (Neutralized and non-quaternary amines) and / or betaines and, optionally, one or more other nonionic hydrophilic ethylenic comonomers, monovalent.

  By "ethylenic" polymer is meant a polymer obtained by polymerization of monomers comprising ethylenic unsaturation.

  By "film-forming" polymer is meant a polymer capable of forming on its own or in the presence of an auxiliary film-forming agent, a continuous and adherent film on a support, in particular on keratin materials.

  They have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) which is preferably between 500 and 5,000,000, in particular between 1,000 and 3,000,000 and more preferably between 2,000 and 2,000,000, or even 4,000 and 500,000. among others 7,000 and 250,000, even better 8,000 and 100,000.

  The weight average molecular weights (Mw) are determined by gel permeation chromatography or by light diffusion, according to the accessibility of the method (solubility of the polymers considered).

  The polymers which can be used according to the invention are preferably transportable in an aqueous medium, that is to say that they are preferably water-soluble or water-dispersible.

  By water-soluble it is meant that it is soluble in water, at least 5% by weight, at 25 ° C, and forms a clear solution.

  By hydrodispersible is meant that it forms in water, at a concentration of 5% by weight, at 25 C, a stable dispersion of fine particles, generally spherical. The average particle size constituting said dispersion is less than 1 μm and, more generally, varies between 5 and 400 nm, preferably from 10 to 250 nm. These particle sizes are measured by light scattering.

  The dissolution or dispersion in water can be carried out by direct solubilization of the polymer if it is soluble, or by neutralization of the amine units and / or acidic units so as to render the polymer soluble or dispersible in the polymer. water. The dissolution or aqueous dispersion can also be carried out via an intermediate step of solubilization in an organic solvent followed by the addition of water before evaporation of the organic solvent.

  Moreover, it has been found that the polymers which can be used according to the invention advantageously have a viscosity in water which is suitable for the intended applications, which can be, for example, between 1 and 1000 mPa.s, preferably between 1 and 5 and 750 mPa.s, and even more preferably between 2 and 500 mPa.s.

  The viscosity is measured using a BROOKFIELD viscometer, for a solution containing 15% by weight of polymer in water or methyl ethyl ketone (solvent chosen as a function of the solubility of the polymer and / or the method of polymerization), at 25 C, with a needle-like motive (spindle) selected from models 00 to 07 of Brookfield, preferably the mobile No. 1; for a measurement time of 5 minutes, at a speed between 0.1 and 6 revolutions / minute. The viscosity is measured after complete dissolution of the polymer in water or methyl ethyl ketone.

  In addition, the polymers that may be used according to the invention may preferably have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of between 150 ° C. and 20 ° C., in particular -120 ° C. and 10 ° C., better still between -100 ° C. and 0 ° C .; the Tg is measured according to the method given before the examples.

  The polymers that may be used according to the invention may preferably have a melting temperature (Tf) of between -100 ° C. and 80 ° C., in particular between -80 ° C. and 50 ° C., better still between -70 ° C. and 45 ° C., or even -10 ° C. and 25 C.

  In addition, the polymers that can be used according to the invention preferably have a water uptake of between 3% and 150% by weight, preferably between 4% and 100% by weight, and especially between 5% and 50% by weight, at 75% by weight. % relative humidity (75% RH); the water uptake is measured according to the method given before the examples.

  They can also have a water uptake of between 3% and 200% by weight, preferably between 2.5% and 150% by weight, in particular between 3% and 100% by weight, at 85% relative humidity (85%). % RH).

  The polymers may be present in the composition in solubilized form, for example in water or an organic solvent, or in the form of an aqueous or organic dispersion.

  They may be used in cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions in a proportion of 0.01 to 30% by weight of dry matter, in particular from 0.1 to 20% by weight, or even from 0.1 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.5 to 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

  The composition may thus comprise a hydrophilic medium comprising water or a mixture of water and hydrophilic organic solvent (s) such as alcohols, and especially linear or branched C1-C6 monoalcohols, such as ethanol, t-butanol, n-butanol, isopropanol or n-propanol, and polyols such as glycerine, diglycerine, propylene glycol, sorbitol, pentylene glycol, and polyethylene glycols, or still glycols ethers including C2 and hydrophilic C2-C4 ketones.

  The water or the mixture of water and hydrophilic organic solvents may be present in the composition according to the invention in a content ranging from 30% to 99% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, and preferably from 40% to 80% by weight.

  The composition may also comprise a fatty phase, especially consisting of fatty substances which are liquid at room temperature (generally 25 ° C.) and / or of fatty substances that are solid at room temperature, such as waxes, fatty fatty substances, gums and their mixtures. mixtures. These fats can be of animal, vegetable, mineral or synthetic origin. This fatty phase may, in addition, contain lipophilic organic solvents.

  As liquid fatty substances at room temperature, often called oils, which can be used in the invention, mention may be made of: hydrocarbon-based oils of animal origin, such as perhydrosqualene; vegetable hydrocarbon oils such as liquid triglycerides of fatty acids of 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as triglycerides of heptanoic or octanoic acids, or sweet almond oil, olive oil, wheat germ oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, hazelnut oil, palm oil, kernel oil apricot, calophyllum oil, sunflower, corn, soybean, grapeseed, sesame, macadamia, castor oil, avocado, triglyceride caprylic-capric acid, jojoba oil, Shea Butter ; linear or branched hydrocarbons of mineral or synthetic origin, such as liquid paraffins and derivatives thereof, petroleum jelly, polydecenes, hydrogenated polyisobutene such as parleam; esters and synthetic ethers, in particular of fatty acids, for example purcellin oil, isopropyl myristate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, octyl-2-dodecyl stearate, erucate octyl-2-dodecyl, isostearyl isostearate; hydroxylated esters such as isostearyl lactate, octyl hydroxystearate, octyldodecyl hydroxystearate, diisostearyl malate, triisocetyl citrate, heptanoates, octanoates, decanoates of fatty alcohols; polyol esters such as propylene glycol dioctanoate, neopentyl glycol diheptanoate, diethylene glycol diisononanoate; and pentaerythritol esters; fatty alcohols having from 12 to 26 carbon atoms such as octyldodecanol, 2-butyloctanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-undecylpentadecanol, oleyl alcohol; partially hydrocarbon and / or silicone fluorinated oils; silicone oils; their mixtures.

  These oils may be present in a content ranging from 0.01 to 90%, and better still from 0.1 to 85% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

  For the purposes of the present invention, the term "wax" means a lipophilic compound, solid at room temperature (25 ° C.), with reversible solid / liquid state change, having a melting point greater than or equal to 25 ° C. and up to 25 ° C. C. By bringing the wax to the liquid state (melting) it is possible to render it miscible with any oil present and to form a homogeneous mixture microscopically, but by bringing the temperature of the mixture to room temperature, gets a recrystallization of the wax in the oils of the mixture. The melting point of the wax can be measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (D.S.C.), for example the calorimeter sold under the name DSC 30 by the company METLER.

  The waxes may be hydrocarbon-based, fluorinated and / or silicone-based and may be of vegetable, mineral, animal and / or synthetic origin. In particular, the waxes have a melting point of greater than 30 ° C. and better still greater than 45 ° C. As wax which can be used in the composition of the invention, mention may be made of beeswax, carnauba or candelilla wax, paraffin, microcrystalline waxes, ceresin or ozokerite; synthetic waxes such as polyethylene or Fischer Tropsch waxes, silicone waxes such as alkyl or alkoxydimethicone containing from 16 to 45 carbon atoms.

  The gums are generally high-molecular polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) or cellulose gums or polysaccharides and the pasty substances are generally hydrocarbon compounds such as lanolines and their derivatives or else PDMSs.

  The nature and quantity of the solid bodies depend on the mechanical properties and textures sought. As an indication, the composition may contain from 0.1 to 50% by weight of waxes, relative to the total weight of the composition and better still from 1 to 30% by weight.

  The composition may further comprise an additional polymer such as a film-forming polymer. According to the present invention, the term "film-forming polymer" means a polymer capable of forming on its own or in the presence of an auxiliary film-forming agent, a continuous and adherent film on a support, in particular on keratin materials. Among the film-forming polymers that may be used in the composition of the present invention, mention may be made of synthetic polymers, of radical type or of polycondensate type, polymers of natural origin and their mixtures, in particular acrylic polymers, polyurethanes , polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, cellulosic polymers such as nitrocellulose.

  The composition may furthermore comprise a conditioning polymer other than graft copolymers PEG, generally consisting of a cationic polymer. The cationic polymers that can be used in accordance with the present invention may be chosen from all those already known per se as improving the cosmetic properties. hair, namely in particular those described in the patent application EP-A-0 337 354 and in the French patent applications FR-A-2 270 846, 2 383 660, 2 598 611, 2 470 596 and 2 519 863 and having a suitable cationic charge density.

  Even more generally, within the meaning of the present invention, the expression "cationic polymer" denotes any polymer containing cationic groups and / or ionizable groups in cationic groups.

  The preferred cationic polymers are chosen from those containing units containing primary, secondary, tertiary and / or quaternary amine groups that may either be part of the main polymer chain or may be carried by a lateral substituent directly connected thereto.

  The cationic polymers used generally have an average molecular weight in number or in weight of between about 500 and 5 × 10 6, and preferably between about 103 and 3 × 10 6.

  Among the cationic polymers, mention may be made more particularly of the polyamine, polyaminoamide and quaternary polyammonium type polymers. These are known products.

  The polymers of the polyamine, polyamidoamide or quaternary polyammonium type which can be used in accordance with the present invention, which may be mentioned in particular, are those described in French patents Nos. 2,505,348 or 2,542,997. Among these polymers, mention may be made of: (1) homopolymers or copolymers derived from acrylic or methacrylic esters or amides and comprising at least one of the following units of formulas:

A R5 R5

X

  in which: R3, which may be identical or different, denote a hydrogen atom or a CH3 radical; A, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2 or 3 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R4, R5, R6, which may be identical or different, represent an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a benzyl radical and preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R1 and R2, identical or different, represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably methyl or ethyl; X denotes an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid such as a methosulphate anion or a halide such as chloride or bromide.

  The copolymers of the family (1) may further contain one or more units derived from comonomers which may be chosen from the family of acrylamides, methacrylamides, diacetones acrylamides, acrylamides and methacrylamides substituted on the nitrogen by lower alkyls (C1-C4) acrylic or methacrylic acids or their esters, vinyllactams such as vinylpyrrolidone or vinylcaprolactam, vinyl esters.

  Thus, among these copolymers of the family (1), mention may be made of: the copolymers of acrylamide and of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with dimethyl sulphate or with a dimethyl halide such as that sold under the name HERCOFLOC by the company HERCULES copolymers of acrylamide and of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride described, for example, in the patent application EP-A-080976 and sold under the name BINA QUAT P 100 by the company CIBA GEIGY, the copolymers of acrylamide and methosulphate of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium sold under the name Reten by Hercules, - vinylpyrrolidone / dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate quaternized or otherwise. These polymers are described in detail in French Patents 2,077,143 and 2,393,573, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate / vinylcaprolactam / vinylpyrrolidone terpolymers, vinylpyrrolidone / methacrylamidopropyl dimethylamine copolymers.

  and the quaternized vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide copolymers.

  (2) cationic polysaccharides, in particular cationic celluloses and cationic galactomannan gums. Among the cationic polysaccharides, there may be more particularly derivatives of cellulose ethers comprising quaternary ammonium groups, cationic cellulose copolymers or cellulose derivatives grafted with a water-soluble quaternary ammonium monomer and cationic galactomannan gums. .

  The cellulose ether derivatives containing quaternary ammonium groups described in French Patent 1,492,597. These polymers are also defined in the CTFA dictionary as quaternary ammoniums of hydroxyethylcellulose having reacted with an epoxide substituted with a trimethylammonium group.

  Cationic cellulose copolymers or cellulose derivatives grafted with a water-soluble quaternary ammonium monomer, are described in particular in US Pat. No. 4 131 576, such as hydroxyalkyl celluloses, such as hydroxylethyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl grafted cellulose. especially with a salt of methacryloylethyltrimethylammonium, methacrylmidopropyltrimethylammonium, dimethyldiallylammonium.

  The cationic galactomannan gums are described more particularly in US Pat. Nos. 3,589,578 and 4,031,307, in particular guar gums containing cationic trialkylammonium groups. For example, guar gums modified with a salt (eg chloride) of 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium are used.

  (3) polymers consisting of piperazinyl units and straight or branched chain alkylene or hydroxyalkylene divalent radicals, optionally interrupted by oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or aromatic or heterocyclic rings, as well as oxidation and / or quaternization of these polymers. Such polymers are especially described in French Patents 2,162,025 and 2,280,361; (4) water-soluble polyaminoamides prepared in particular by polycondensation of an acidic compound with a polyamine; these polyaminoamides may be crosslinked by an epihalohydrin, a diepoxide, a dianhydride, an unsaturated dianhydride, a bis-unsaturated derivative, a bis-halohydrin, a bisazetidinium, a bis-haloacyldiamine, an alkyl bis-halide or by a oligomer resulting from the reaction of a bifunctional compound reactive with a bis-halohydrin, a bis-azetidinium, a bis-haloacyldiamine, an alkyl bis-halide, a epilhalohydrin, a diepoxide or bis-unsaturated derivative; the crosslinking agent being used in proportions ranging from 0.025 to 0.35 moles per amine group of the polymaoamide; these polyaminoamides can be alkylated or if they contain one or more tertiary amine functional groups, quaternized. Such polymers are described in particular in French Patents 2,252,840 and 2,368,508; (5) polyamino amide derivatives resulting from the condensation of polyalkylene polyamines with polycarboxylic acids followed by alkylation with difunctional agents. Mention may be made, for example, of adipic acid-diacoylaminohydroxyalkyldialoylene triamine polymers in which the alkyl radical contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and preferably denotes methyl, ethyl or propyl. Such polymers are described in particular in French Patent 1,583,363.

  Among these derivatives, mention may be made more particularly of the adipic acid / dimethylaminohydroxypropyl / diethylene triamine polymers sold under the name "CARTARETINE F, F4 or F8" by SANDOZ.

  (6) polymers obtained by reacting a polyalkylene polyamine comprising two primary amine groups and at least one secondary amine group with a dicarboxylic acid chosen from diglycolic acid and saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms. The molar ratio between the polyalkylene polylamine and the dicarboxylic acid being between 0.8: 1 and 1.4: 1; the polyaminoamide resulting therefrom being reacted with epichlorohydrin in a molar ratio of epichlorohydrin relative to the secondary amine group of the polyaminoamide of between 0.5: 1 and 1, 8: 1. Such polymers are described in particular in US Pat. U.S. Patents 3,227,615 and 2,961,347.

  Polymers of this type are in particular marketed under the name "HERCOSETT 57" by the company Hercules Inc. by the company HERCULES in the case of the adipic acid / epoxypropyl / diethylene triamine copolymer.

  (7) cyclopolymers of alkyl diallyl amine or of dialkyl diallyl ammonium, such as homopolymers or copolymers comprising, as the main constituent of the chain, units of formula (I) or (I '): (CH 2) k - (CH 2 ) ICR12 C (R12) -CH2-

I

  H 2 CH (CH 2) (I) N; R 1 (R 12) -CH 2 CH 2 / cl-12 (1 N R 10) wherein R 1 and R 2 are 0 or 1, the sum k + t being equal to 1 R12 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical; R10 and R11, independently of one another, denote an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group in which the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a lower amidoalkyl (Cl-C4) group or R10 and R11 may designate, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, heterocyclic groups, such as piperidinyl or morpholinyl; Y is an anion such bromide, chloride, acetate, borate, citrate, tartrate, bisulfate, bisulfite, sulfate, phosphate These polymers are described in particular in French patent 2,080,759 and in its certificate of addition 2,190,406.

  R 10 and R 11, independently of one another, preferably denote an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

  Among the polymers defined above, mention may be made more particularly of the homopolymer of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride sold under the name "Merquat 100" by the company Nalco (and its homologues of low molecular weight mas-moles) and the copolymers of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and acrylamide.

  (8) quaternary diammonium polymers containing repeating units corresponding to the formula: ## STR5 ## in which: R13, R14, R15 and R16, which may be identical or different, represent radicals; aliphatic, alicyclic, or arylaliphatic compounds containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or lower hydroxyalkylaliphatic radicals, or else R13, R14, R15 and R16, together or separately, together with the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached, form heterocycles optionally containing a second heteroatom other than nitrogen or R13, R14, R15 and R16 represent a linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl radical substituted with a nitrile, ester, acyl, amide or -CO-O-R17-D group; -CO-NH-R17-D wherein R17 is alkylene and D is a quaternary ammonium group; Al and BI represent polymethylene groups containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and may contain, bound to or intercalated in the main chain, one or more aromatic rings, or one or more atoms of oxygen, sulfur or sulfoxide, sulfone, disulfide, amino, alkylamino, hydroxyl, quaternary ammonium, ureido, amide or ester groups, and X- denotes an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid; Al, R13 and R15 can form with the two nitrogen atoms to which they are attached a piperazine ring; furthermore, if Al denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene or hydroxyalkylene radical, B1 may also denote a (CH2) n -CO-D-OC- (CH2) n- group in which D denotes: a) a glycol residue of formula: -OZO-, where Z denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical or a group corresponding to one of the following formulas: - (CH2-CH2-O) x-CH2-CH2- [CH2 -CH (CH 3) -O] y-CH 2 -CH (CH 3) - where x and y denote an integer of 1 to 4, representing a defined and unique degree of polymerization or any number from 1 to 4 representing a 45 degree medium polymerization; b) a bis-secondary diamine residue such as a piperazine derivative; c) a bis-primary diamine residue of formula: -NH-Y-NH-, where Y denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical, or alternatively the divalent radical -CH 2 -CH 2 -S-S-CH 2 -CH 2 -; d) a ureylene group of formula: -NH-CO-NH-; Preferably, X- is an anion such as chloride or bromide.

  These polymers have a number-average molecular weight generally between 1000 and 100,000.

  Polymers of this type are described in French patents 2,320,330, 2,270,846, 2,316,271, 2,336,434 and 2,413,907 and US Patents 2,273,780, 2,375,853, 2,388,614 and 2,454,547. , 3.206.462, 2.261.002, 2.271. 378, 3,874,870, 4,001,432, 3,929,990, 3,966,904, 4,005,193, 4,025,617, 4,025,627, 4,025,653, 4,026,945 and 4,027,020.

  Polymers which consist of repeating units having the formula: ## STR2 ## in which R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4, identical or different, denote an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n and p are integers ranging from 2 to about 20 and X- is an anion derived from a mineral or organic acid.

  A compound of formula (a) which is particularly preferred is that for which R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 represent a methyl radical and n = 3, p = 6 and X = Cl, referred to as Hexadimethrine chloride according to the INCI nomenclature (CTFA).

  (9) quaternary polyammonium polymers comprising units of formula (III): ## STR2 ## Wherein R18, R19, R20 and R21, which may be identical or different, represent an--hydrogen atom or a methyl, ethyl, propyl, 3-hydroxyethyl or 13-hydroxypropyl radical, or CH 2 CH 2 (OCH 2 CH 2) pOH, where p is 0 or an integer between 1 and 6, provided that R 18, R 19, R 20 and R 21 do not simultaneously represent a hydrogen atom, r and s, which are identical or different , are integers between 1 and 6, q is 0 or an integer of 1 to 34, X- is an anion such as a halide, A is a radical of a dihalide or is preferably -CH2-CH2-OC H 2 -CH 2-.

  Such compounds are described in particular in patent application EP-A-122 324.

  For example, the products "Mirapol A 15", "Mirapol AD1", "Mirapol AZ1" and "Mirapol 175" sold by the company Miranol can be mentioned among them.

  (10) Quaternary polymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole such as, for example, the products sold under the names Luviquat FC 905, FC 550 and FC 370 by the company B.A.S.F.

  (11) Crosslinked polymers of methacryloyloxyalkyl (C1-C4) trialkyl (C1-C4) ammonium salts such as polymers obtained by homopolymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl chloride, or by copolymerization of acrylamide with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized by the methyl chloride, the homo or the copolymerization being followed by crosslinking with an olefinically unsaturated compound, in particular methylenebisacrylamide.

  Other cationic polymers which may be used in the context of the invention are cationic proteins or hydrolysates of cationic proteins, polyalkyleneimines, in particular polyethyleneimines, polymers containing vinylpyridine or vinylpyridinium units, condensates of polyamines and polyamines. epichlorohydrin, quaternary polyureylenes and chitin derivatives, especially chitosans or their salts; the salts which can be used are, in particular, chitosan acetate, lactate, glutamate, gluconate or pyrrolidonecarboxylate.

  Among these compounds, mention may be made of chitosan having a degree of deacetylation of 90% by weight, the chitosan pyrrolidonecarboxylate sold under the name KYTAMER PC by the company Amerchol.

  Among all the cationic polymers that may be used in the context of the present invention, it is preferred to use cationic cyclopolymers, in particular homopolymers or copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, sold under the names MERQUAT 100, MERQUAT 550 and MERQUAT S by the company NALCO, the quaternary vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole polymers, the crosslinked homopolymers or copolymers of methacryloyloxyalkyl (C1-C4) trialkyl (C1-C4) ammonium salts, and the chitosan pyrrolidonecarboxylate marketed under the trademark KYTAMER PC by AMERCHOL company and their mixtures.

  According to the invention, the cationic or amphoteric polymer or polymers may represent from 0.001% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.01% to 10% by weight and more particularly from 0.02 to 5% by weight relative to total weight of the final composition.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions may further comprise at least one silicone.

  As silicones that may be used in the compositions of the present invention, mention may be made in particular of volatile or non-volatile, cyclic or acyclic silicones, branched or unbranched, organomodified or otherwise, as described below. The silicones that may be used in accordance with the invention may be soluble or insoluble in the composition and in particular may be polyorganosiloxanes that are insoluble in the composition of the invention; they may be in the form of oils, waxes, resins or gums.

  According to the invention, all the silicones can be used as such or in the form of solutions, dispersions, emulsions, nanoemulsions or microemulsions.

  Organopolysiloxanes are further defined in Walter NOLL's "Chemistry and Technology of Silicones" (1968) Academic Press. They can be volatile or nonvolatile.

  When they are volatile, the silicones are more particularly chosen from those having a boiling point between 60 ° C. and 260 ° C., and more particularly still from: (i) cyclic silicones containing from 3 to 7 silicon atoms and, preferably 4 to 5. It is, for example, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane marketed in particular under the name "Volatile Silicone 7207" by UNION CARBIDE or "SILBIONE 70045 V 2" by RHODIA, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane marketed under the name of "SILICONE VOLATILE 7158" by UNION CARBIDE, "SILBIONE 70045 V 5" by RHODIA, as well as their mixtures.

  Mention may also be made of cyclocopolymers of the dimethylsiloxane / methylalkylsiloxane type, such as the "VOLATILE SILICONE FZ 3109" marketed by the company UNION CARBIDE, of chemical structure: with D: mention may also be made of mixtures of cyclic silicones with organic compounds derived from silicon, such as the mixture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetramethylsilylpentaerythritol (50/50) and the mixture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and oxy-1,1 '- (hexa-2,2,2', 2 ', 3, 3'-trimethylsilyloxy) bisneopentane; (ii) linear volatile silicones having 2 to 9 silicon atoms and having a viscosity of less than or equal to 5 × 10 -6 m 2 / s at 25 ° C. It is, for example, decamethyltetrasiloxane marketed in particular under the name "SH 200 "by TORAY SILICONE company. Silicones included in this class are also described in the article published in Cosmetics and toiletries, Vol. 91, Jan. 76, p. 27-32 - TODD & BYERS "Volatile Silicone fluids for cosmetics".

  Non-volatile silicones and more particularly polyalkylsiloxanes, polyarylsiloxanes, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, [-DD 'DD' i CH3 with D ': SiO-C8H17 are used, silicone gums and resins, polyorganosiloxanes modified with groups organofunctional compounds and their mixtures.

  These silicones are more particularly chosen from polyalkylsiloxanes, among which, for example, polydimethylsiloxanes with trimethylsilyl end graying having a viscosity of 5 × 10 -6 to 2.5 m 2 / s at 25 ° C. and preferably 1 × 10 -5 to 1 m 2 are preferably mentioned. The viscosity of the silicones is, for example, measured at 25 ° C. according to the ASTM 445 Appendix C standard. Among these polyalkylsiloxanes, mention may be made, without limitation, of the following commercial products: SILBIONE oils of the 47 and 70 047 series or MIRASIL oils marketed by RHODIA such as, for example, 70 047 V 500 000 oil, MIRASIL series oils marketed by RHODIA, the oils of the 200 series of the company Dow Corning, as more particularly the DC200 with a viscosity of 60 000 mm2 / s - VISCASIL oils from GENERAL ELECTRIC and some oils from SF series (SF 96, SF 18) from GENERAL ELECTRIC.

  Mention may also be made of polydimethylsiloxanes with dimethylsilanol end groups, known under the name of dimethiconol (CTFA), such as the oils of the 48 series from the company RHODIA.

  In this class of polyalkylsiloxanes, mention may also be made of the products sold under the names "ABIL WAX 9800 and 9801" by GOLDSCHMIDT, which are poly (C1-C20) alkylsiloxanes.

  The polyalkylarylsiloxanes are especially chosen from polydiethylmethylphenylsiloxanes and linear and / or branched polydimethyldiphenylsiloxanes with a viscosity of from 1.10-5 to 5.10-2 m.sup.2 / s at 25.degree.

  Among these polyalkylarylsiloxanes, mention may be made, by way of example, of the products marketed under the following names: SILBIONE oils of the 70 641 series from RHODIA; 30. the RHODORSIL 70 633 and 763 RHODIA series of oils; DOW CORNING 556 COSMETIC GRAD FLUID oil from DOW CORNING; silicones of the PK series from BAYER, such as the product PK20; silicones of the PN, PH series of BAYER, such as the PN1000 and PH1000 products; some oils of the SF series of GENERAL ELECTRIC such as SF 1023, SF 1154, SF 1250, SF 1265.

  The silicone gums that can be used in accordance with the invention are in particular polydiorganosiloxanes having high average molecular weights of between 200,000 and 1,000,000 used alone or in a mixture in a solvent. This solvent may be chosen from volatile silicones, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oils, polyphenylmethylsiloxane (PPMS) oils, isoparaffins, polyisobutylenes, methylene chloride, pentane, dodecane, tridecane or their mixtures.

  Mention may be made more particularly of the following products: polydimethylsiloxane - polydimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane / diphenylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane / phenylmethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane / diphenylsiloxanelmethylvinylsiloxane gums.

  More particularly useful products according to the invention are mixtures such as: mixtures formed from an end-hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane or dimethiconol (CTFA) and a cyclic poly-dimethylsiloxane also called cyclomethicone (CTFA) ) such as the product Q2 1401 marketed by the company Dow Corning; mixtures formed from a polydimethylsiloxane gum with a cyclic silicone such as the product SF 1214 Silicone Fluid from GENERAL ELECTRIC, this product is a SF 30 gum corresponding to a dimethicone, having an average molecular weight of number of 500,000 solubilized in SF 1202 Silicone Fluid oil corresponding to decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; mixtures of two PDMS of different viscosities, and more particularly of a PDMS gum and a PDMS oil, such as the product SF 1236 from the company General Electric. The product SF 1236 is the mixture of an SE 30 gum defined above having a viscosity of 20 m 2 / s and an SF 96 oil with a viscosity of 5.10-6 m 2 / s. This product preferably comprises 15% of SE 30 gum and 85% of an SF 96 oil.

  The organopolysiloxane resins used in accordance with the invention are crosslinked siloxane systems containing the units: R 2 SiO 2 12, R 3 SiO 11 2, RSiO 3 12 and SiO 4 12 in which R represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms or a phenyl group. Among these products, those particularly preferred are those in which R denotes a C1-C4 lower alkyl group, more particularly methyl, or a phenyl group.

  Among these resins may be mentioned the product marketed under the name "Dow Corning 593" or those sold under the names "Silicone Fluid SS 4230 and SS 4267" by the company General Electric and which are silicones of dimethyl / trimethylsiloxane structure.

  Mention may also be made of the trimethylsiloxysilicate type resins sold in particular under the names X22-4914, X21-5034 and X21-5037 by the company Shin-Etsu.

  The organomodified silicones that may be used in accordance with the invention are silicones as defined above and comprising in their structure one or more organofunctional groups attached via a hydrocarbon-based group.

  Among the organomodified silicones, mention may be made of polyorganosiloxanes comprising: polyethyleneoxy and / or polypropyleneoxy groups optionally comprising C 6 -C 24 alkyl groups, such as the products known as dimethicone-copolyol marketed by Dow Corning under the name DC 1248 or the oils SILWET L 722, L 7500, L 77, L 711 of the company UNION CARBIDE and the alkyl (C12) -methicone-copolyol marketed by the company Dow Corning under the name Q2 5200; substituted or unsubstituted amine groups, such as the products sold under the name GP 4 Silicone Fluid and GP 7100 by the company Genesee or the products sold under the names Q28220 and Dow Corning 929 or 939 by Dow Corning. The substituted amino groups are, in particular, C1-C4 aminoalkyl groups; thiol groups, such as the products sold under the names "GP 72 A" and "GP 71" from GENESEE; alkoxylated groups, such as the product sold under the name Silicone Copolymer F-755 by SWS Silicones and Abil Waxes 2428, 2434 and 2440 by the company GOLDSCHMIDT; hydroxyl groups, such as the hydroxyalkyl-functional polyorganosiloxanes described in the French patent application FR-A-85 16334.

  acyloxyalkyl groups such as, for example, the polyorganosiloxanes described in US-A-4957732.

  anionic groups of the carboxylic type, such as, for example, in the products described in the patent EP 186 507 of the company Chisso Corporation, or of the alkyl-carboxylic type, such as those present in the product X-22-3701E from the company Shin- ETSU; 2-hydroxyalkylsulphonate; 2hydroxyalkylthiosulphate such as the products sold by GOLDSCHMIDT under the names "ABIL S201" and "ABIL S255".

  hydroxyacylamino groups, such as the polyorganosiloxanes described in patent application EP 342 834. Mention may be made, for example, of the product Q28413 from Dow Corning.

  The silicones as described above may be used alone or as a mixture, in an amount of between 0.01 and 20% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

  The composition according to the invention may also comprise ingredients commonly used in cosmetics, such as vitamins, perfumes, pearlescent agents, thickeners, polymers other than polymers containing PEG group, gelling agents, trace elements, softeners, sequestering agents, perfumes, alkalizing or acidifying agents, preservatives, sunscreens, anti-oxidants, anti-hair loss agents, anti-dandruff agents, anti-free radicals, ceramides, or their mixtures. Of course, those skilled in the art will take care to choose this or these optional additional compounds, and / or their quantity, in such a way that the advantageous properties of the composition according to the invention are not, or not substantially, impaired by the addition envisaged.

  Advantageously, the pH of the composition of the present invention is chosen in the range from 2 to 11 and preferably from 3 to 10, for example from 5 to 8.

  The composition according to the invention may comprise a propellant. The propellant is chosen in particular from the compressed or liquefied gases usually used for the preparation of aerosol compositions and their mixtures. Preferably, air, carbon dioxide, compressed nitrogen or a soluble gas such as dimethyl ether, halogenated hydrocarbons (especially fluorinated) or not, and mixtures thereof, will be used.

  It finds particularly a particularly interesting application in the hair field, especially for maintaining the hairstyle or shaping the hair. The hair compositions are preferably shampoos, gels, styling lotions, blow-drying lotions, fixing and styling compositions such as lacquers or spray. The lotions may be packaged in various forms, in particular in vaporizers, pump-bottles or in aerosol containers to ensure application of the composition in vaporized form or in the form of foam.

In a preferred embodiment, the compositions in accordance with the invention can be used for washing or treating keratin materials such as the hair, the skin, the eyelashes, the eyebrows, the nails, the lips and the scalp. and more particularly the hair.

  The compositions according to the invention can be detergent compositions such as shampoos, shower gels and bubble baths. In this embodiment of the invention, the compositions comprise at least 4% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition of at least one anionic and / or nonionic detergent surfactant.

  The subject of the invention is therefore still a process for treating keratin materials such as the skin or the hair, characterized in that it consists in applying to the keratin materials a cosmetic composition as defined above, and then optionally performing a rinsing. at the water.

  Thus, this method according to the invention allows the maintenance of the hairstyle, the treatment, care or washing or removing make-up of the skin, hair or any other keratin material.

  In another preferred embodiment, the compositions of the invention may be in the form of a conditioner to be rinsed or not, or in the form of compositions to be rinsed, to be applied before or after any capillary trimming, especially a coloration. , discoloration, permanent or straightening or between the two stages of a perm or straightening.

  When the composition is in the form of a conditioner which may or may not be rinsed, it advantageously contains at least one cationic surfactant, for example at a concentration generally of between 0.1 and 10% by weight and preferably of between 0 and 10% by weight. , 5 to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.

  The compositions of the invention may also be in the form of washing compositions for the skin, and in particular in the form of solutions or gels for bathing or showering or makeup removers.

  The compositions according to the invention may also be in the form of aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic lotions for the care of the skin and / or the hair. The composition according to the invention, after application to human hair and scalp can be rinsed or not rinsed after any treatment. It may be in any form conventionally used in the field concerned and for example in the form of a more or less thickened lotion, gel, cream, spray or mousse. This composition may be monophasic or multiphasic.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition can be used as a shampoo.

  When the compositions in accordance with the invention are used as conventional shampoos, they are simply applied to wet hair and the foam generated by massage or friction with the hands is then removed, after a possible pause time, by rinsing with water. water, the operation can be repeated one or more times.

  The compositions of the invention are further illustrated in the following examples.

  Measurement of Tq A film is made from an aqueous solution at 6% by weight of polymer and dried for 48 hours in a controlled atmosphere at 50% relative humidity and 25 C. The films thus obtained have a thickness between 10 and 20 pm. The measuring device is a DSC (TA instruments).

  The sample from the film is deposited in an airtight crucible and is heated according to the following protocol: equilibrium at initial temperature Ti; heating 1: increase of the temperature, at a rate of +10 C / min to final temperature: Tf (C); - isothermal for 1 minute; decreasing the temperature at a rate of -10 C / min to Ti (C); heater2: increase in temperature at a rate of +10 C / min to Tf (C); - isothermal for 1 minute.

  with Ti: Initial temperature - 120 C with Tf: Final temperature + 120 C The Tg are measured during heating stages 1 and 2.

  Measurement of water uptake About 1 g of dry polymer is deposited in an aluminum cup 4.5 cm in diameter (0.01 m 2). It is allowed to dry for 48 hours in an oven at 60 C, under reduced pressure. The cups are removed and weighed immediately (less than one minute after leaving the oven). We get P1.

  The cups are then placed in a glove box having the relative humidity considered (75% RH or 85% RH) and left there for 6 hours. They are then weighed again immediately after their exit from the glove box. P2 is obtained.

  The water uptake is calculated as follows: [(P2-P1) x 100] / P1 Preparation Example 1 In a reactor (quadricol) surmounted by two addition ampoules, a condenser and provided with stirring mechanical, 75 ml of methyl ethyl ketone (MEC) is introduced, it is heated to 80 ° C.

  In parallel, a solution 1 comprising the monomers is prepared: 50 g of polyethylene glycol methacrylate (MPEG 550), 50 g of dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide (DMAPMA) and the initiator: 0.5 g of (Trigonox 21S).

  A solution 2 comprising 75 ml of methyl ethyl ketone and 0.5 g of initiator (Trigonox 21S) is also prepared.

  Solution 1 is poured dropwise over 1 hour and solution 2 in two hours into the quadricol reactor. The resulting mixture is maintained at 80 ° C. for 5 hours. The yellow-orange solution obtained is cooled. 95 g of polymer are obtained.

  The polymer has a Brookfield viscosity at 15% in the ECM at 25 ° C., measured with a number 1 spindle, at a speed of 0.1 rpm, of: 7.5 mPa .s.

  The polymer can then be neutralized as follows: 290 ml of 1N HCl is added with stirring to 95 g of polymer and 200 ml of distilled water. Then the solvent is evaporated (MEC).

  The neutralized polymer is soluble in water (at least up to 50% by weight). Its Tg is -60 C.

  The neutralized polymer has a water recovery at 85% RH of 51%.

  Preparation Example 2 In a reactor (quadricol) surmounted by two addition ampoules, a condenser and provided with a mechanical stirrer, 100 ml of water are introduced which is heated to 80 C.

  In parallel, a solution 1 comprising 50 g of MPEG 550 monomer, 1 g of initiator (potassium persulfate KPS) and 50 ml of water is prepared.

  A solution 2 comprising 50 g of DMAPMA monomer neutralized to 100% with betaine hydrochloride and 50 g of water is also prepared.

  Solutions 1 and 2 are cast in 1 hour in the quadricol. After one hour at 80 ° C., a mixture of 1 g of KPS in 50 ml of water is dripped in 15 minutes.

  The resulting mixture is then maintained at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. 90 g of polymer neutralized with betaine hydrochloride are obtained.

  The polymer has a Brookfield viscosity at 15% in water, at 25 ° C, measured with a spindle number 1, at a speed of 6 rpm, of: 164 mPa · s.

  The polymer is soluble in water (at least up to 50% by weight).

Its Tg is -60 C.

  The neutralized polymer has a water recovery at 85% RH of 90%.

  Preparation Examples 3 to 17 The following polymers are prepared according to the process of Example 1 (solvent process) or of Example 2 (method in water), which are according to the invention or are comparative: Example Monomers Method and solubility neutralization Example 3 MPEG 550 10% Process 1 Water DMAPMA 90% HCl Example 4 MPEG 1100 25% Process 1 Water DMAPMA 75% HCl Example 5 MPEG 1100 50% Process 1 Water DMAPMA 50% HCl Example 6 MPEG 550 50% Method 1 Water DMAPMA 50% HCl Example 7 MPEG 550 50% Method 2 Water SPE 50% No neutr.

  EXAMPLE 8 MPEG 550 50% Process 1 Water 50% HCI Example 9 MPEG 550 50% Process 1 Water Morphol-HCl 50% methyl methacrylate Example 10 MPEG 2000 50% Process 2 Water DMAPMA 50% No neutr.

  Example 11 MPEG 550 50% Process 1 Water DMAPMA 50% Betaine Hydrochloride Example 12 MPEG 550 40% Process 1 Water DMAPMA 50% HCl MAEE 10% Example 13 MPEG 550 40% Process 2 Water DMAPMA 50% HCl Hydroxyethyl acrylate 10% Example 14 MPEG 550 40% Process 1 Water DMAPMA 50% HCl vinylpyrrolidone 10% Example 15 MPEG 550 40% Process 1 Water DMAPMA 35% HCl Acrylic Acid 15% Example 16 MPEG 550 40% Process 1 Water tetrahonyl-HCl methacrylate drofurfuryl 10% DMAPMA 50% Example 17 MPEG 550 40% Process 1 Water Vinylcaprolactam 10% HCI DMAPMA 50% Example 18 MPEG 550 50% Process 1 Dispersible DMAPMA 50% Behenic acid in water at 20% Example 19 MPEG 550 50% Process 1 Dispersible DMAPMA 50% oleic acid in water MPEG: polyethylene glycol methacrylate (with MW = 550, 1100 or 2000) DMAPMA: dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide SPE: N, N-dimethyl-N- (2methacryloyloxyethyl) -N- (3-sulfopropyl) ) ammonium betaine MADAME: dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate MAEE: methac Ethyl Ethyl Rylate Examples of Comparative Polymers The following non-invention polymers are prepared according to Example 1: Comparative 1 MPEG 550 35% Process 1 (additional monomer DMAPMA 50% hydrophobic HCl) Ethylhexyl acrylate 15% Comparative 2 MPEG 550 50 % Method 1 (cross-linked polymer) DMAPMA 50% HCl Butanediol dimethacrylate 1% Comparative 3 MPEG 550 50% (quaternized polymer) TMEACL * 50% * TMEACL: 2- (dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate, quaternized with methyl chloride Examples Examples of shampoos according to the invention The invention may be exemplified by the following non-exhaustive compositions. The compositions described below are not limiting. The percentages are expressed as a percentage by weight of active ingredient.

Invention Invention Invention

A B C

  12,5 12,5 12,5 sodium laurethersulate (COGNIS TEXAPON N702) Cocoyl betaine 2.5 2.5 2.5 (DEHYTON AB 30 from GOLDSCHMIDT) Dimethicone 2 2 2 (Dow Corning DC200FLUID) Polymer ex prep. 1 - - Polymer ex prep.13 1 - Polymer ex prep18 - - 1.0 Cocamide Mipa 0.4 0.4 0.4 Carbomer 0.2 0.2 0, 2 Preservative qs qs qs Perfume qs qs qs Acid citric / sodium hydroxide qs pH 6.5 qs pH 6.5 qs pH 6.5 Water qs 100 qs 100 qs 100 Examples of comparative shampooinqs

D E F G H

  12,5 12,5 12,5 12,5 12,5 sodium salt (TEXAPON N702 from COGNIS), cocoylbetaine 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 (DEHYTON AB from

GOLDSCHMIDT)

  Dimethicone 2 2 2 2 2 (DOW CORNING DC200FLUID) Polyquaternium- 1 - - - (JR400 from

Rhodia

  CHEMICAL) Guar hydroxy - 1 - - - propyltrimonium chloride (JAGUAR C13S from MEYHALL) Polymer - - 1 - - Comparative 1 Polymer - - - 1 - Comparative 2 Polymer _ _ _ _ 1 Comparative 3 Cocamide Mipa 0.4 0.4 0 , 0.4, 0.4 Carbomer 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Preservative qs qs qs qs qs Perfume qs qs qs qs qs Acid qs pH 6.5 qs pH 6.5 qs pH 6 , 5 qs pH 6.5 qs pH 6.5 citric / soda Water qs 100 qs 100 qs 100 qs 100 qs 100 Each composition described above is applied to 10 hairs (European chestnut hair approximately 20 cm long) at a rate of 12 grams of composition by hair. After a 2 minute break, the hair is rinsed and then dried with a helmet (50 C / 30 minutes).

  After drying, the ease of disentangling and the ease of shaping of the hair are evaluated by a panel of 10 experts (see summary table below).

Invention Invention Invention

A B C

  Detangling 6.7 0.6 6.3 0.8 7.2 0.5 Styling 5.9 0.7 4.9 0.8 6.2 0.8

D E F G H

  Untangling 7.8 0.9 7.5 0.6 2.3 0.9 1.6 0.4 3.8 0.9 Styling 1.6 0.4 0, 7 0.3 4.3 0.4 5.3 0.4 2.7 0.4 A score of 10 corresponds to: A good disentangling of the hair: average level obtained with the formula of bright color shampoo marketed by the company l'Oréal applied at a rate of 12 grams per hair (European chestnut hair about 20 cm long). After 2 minutes of rest, the hair is rinsed and then dried with a helmet (50 C / 30 minutes).

  An average level of styling equivalent to that obtained by applying a styling mousse in non-rinsed mode after blow drying. 5 g of Volumax styling mousse marketed by l'Oréal are applied to a hair (European chestnut hair about 20 cm long). The hair is then dried in the hair dryer.

  A score of 0 corresponds to: Difficult disentangling Average level obtained on a hair that has just been rinsed and then dried with a helmet (50 C / 30 minutes).

A low styling level.

  Average level obtained on a hair that has just been rinsed and then dried with a helmet (50 C / 30 minutes).

  The panel of experts systematically indicates that the application of the compositions of the invention (A, B, C) gives a level of styling much higher than that obtained with the compositions containing the conditioning polymers (D, E). ).

  The panel of experts systematically indicates that the application of the compositions of the invention (A, B, C) gives a higher level of styling than that obtained with the composition containing PEG graft polymers that are not part of the invention (F, G, H).

  The panel of experts systematically indicates that the application of the compositions of the invention (A, B, C) gives a disentangling of the hair close to that obtained with the compositions containing the conditioning polymers (D, E).

  The panel of experts systematically indicates that the application of the compositions of the invention (A, B, C) gives a disentangling of the hair much higher than that obtained with the composition containing the PEG graft polymer of the state. of the technique (F, G, H).

  In conclusion, the compositions of the invention (A, B, C) make it possible to obtain both a good styling level and a good level of disentangling, unlike the comparative compositions (D, E, F, G, H). .

Claims (31)

  1. Cosmetic composition characterized in that it comprises in a cosmetically acceptable aqueous medium: I) at least one anionic, amphoteric, nonionic surfactant and mixtures thereof II) at least one ethylenic copolymer comprising, in% by weight relative to total weight of the polymer: a) 10-60% by weight of one or more monomers of formula (I): R / 1   H2C = C \ in which: R1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, type CPH2P + 1, with p being an integer between 1 and 12 inclusive; Z is a divalent group selected from -COO-, -CONH-, -CONCH3-, -OCO-, -O-, -SO2- -CO-O-CO- or -CO-CH2-CO-; -x is 0 or 1; R2 is a divalent carbon radical, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, linear, branched or cyclic, of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which can take 1 to 18 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; - mest0ou1 - n is an integer between 3 and 300 inclusive; - R3 is a hydrogen atom or a carbon radical, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, linear, branched or cyclic, of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may comprise 1 to 20 heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, F, Si and P; and their salts.   b) 40-90% by weight of at least one "essentially cationic" monomer, or one of its salts, chosen from: - (i) one or more cationic monomers of formula (IIa), - (ii) one or more amphoteric monomers of formulas (IIc) and (Ild), and - (iii) a mixture of one or more cationic monomers of formula (IIa) with one or more anionic monomers chosen from maleic anhydride and / or those of formula (IIb); and / or with one or more amphoteric monomers selected from those of formulas (IIc) and (Ild).   (Z) X (R 2) m (CH 2 CH 2 O) R 3 / R 1 H 2 C = C (Z '); (R2%, X / R1H2C = C (Z ') x, (R2) m, Y / R1H2C = C + (Z') x (R2%, X '(R'3) n, Y' (IIc) R1 H2C = C - + (Z ') X, (R2, OPO (R'3) n, X "(IId) O in which: - R1 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, linear or branched, of type CpH2p + 1, with p being an integer from 1 to 12 inclusive, preferably hydrogen or methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl.   Z 'is a divalent group chosen from -COO-, -CONH-, -CONCH3-, OCO- or -O-, -SO2- -CO-O-CO- or -CO-CH2-CO-; preferably, COO and CONH. x 'is 0 or 1, preferably 1.   R'2 is a saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, linear, branched or cyclic divalent carbon radical of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may contain 1 to 18 heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, F, Si and P; - I am or 1; X (in formula IIa) is (a) a group of formula N (R6) (R7) or P (R6) (R7) or -P + R6R7R8, with R6, R7 and R8 representing, independently of the other, either (i) a hydrogen atom, or (ii) a linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, alkyl group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which may comprise 1 to 10 selected heteroatoms among O, N, S, F, Si and P; or (iii) R6 and R7 may form with the nitrogen or phosphorus atom a first saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, ring comprising in total 5, 6, 7 or 8 atoms, and in particular 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, carbon and / or 2 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N; said first cycle being fusible with one or more other rings, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, each comprising 5, 6 or 7 atoms, and especially 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N; or (b) X represents a group -R'6-N-R7- in which R'6 and R'7 form with the nitrogen atom a ring, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, comprising in total 5, 6 , 7 or 8 atoms, and especially 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 4 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N; said cycle being fusible with one or more other rings, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, each comprising 5, 6 or 7 atoms, and in particular 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 4 selected heteroatoms among O, S and N-Y is a group selected from COOH, -SO3H, -OSO3H, -PO3H2 and -OPO3H2.   X '+ is a divalent group of formula N + (R6) (R7) - with R6 and R7 representing, independently of one another, either (i) a hydrogen atom or (ii) a group linear, branched or cyclic, optionally aromatic, alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 25 carbon atoms, which can comprise 1 to 20 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S and P; or (iii) R6 and R7 may form with the nitrogen atom a first, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic ring, comprising in total 5, 6, 7 or 8 atoms, and in particular 4, 5, 6 or 7 atoms of carbon and / or 2 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N; said first cycle being fusible with one or more other rings, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, each comprising 5, 6, 7 or 8 atoms, and especially 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N. Y'- is a group selected from -COO-, -SO3 '-OSO3, -PO32- and -OPO32-.   - R'3 is a divalent carbon radical, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, linear, branched or cyclic, from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which can take 1 to 18 heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, F, Si and P 'n' is between 1 and 100, preferably 1 and 5 inclusive; - X "+ is a group of formula -N + R6R7R8 with R6, R7 and R8 representing, independently of each other, either (i) a hydrogen atom, or (ii) a linear alkyl group-ment , branched or cyclic, optionally aromatic, comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which can comprise 1 to 5 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S and P, or (iii) R 6 and R 7 can form with the nitrogen atom a first cycle, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, comprising in total 5, 6 or 7 atoms, and in particular 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, said first cycle being fused with one or more other rings, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, each comprising 5, 6 or 7 atoms, and in particular 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms and / or 2 to 3 heteroatoms chosen from O, S and N c) and optionally 0-50% by weight of nonionic hydrophilic monomers, excluding methyl acrylate, methacrylate methyl ester and isopropyl acrylate if present in an amount of greater than or equal to 10% by weight.   2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the formula (I), RI represents hydrogen or a methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl radical.   3. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the formula (I), Z represents COO or CONH.   4. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in formula (I), the radical R2 is chosen from: - an alkylene radical such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, isobutylene-10 -ene tert-butylene, n-hexylene, n-octylene, n-dodecylene, noctadecylene, ntetradecylene, n-docosanylene; a phenylene radical -C6H4- (ortho, meta or para) optionally substituted with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 25 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; or a benzene radical -C6H4-CH2- optionally substituted with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 8 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; a pyridinium radical of formula: R / N + R'4 R'2 with R'1 to R'4, which may be identical or different, chosen from H and a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 8 heteroatoms chosen from O N, S, F, Si and P; especially R'l to R'4 may be methyl and / or ethyl; a radical of formula -CH 2 -CHOH-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CHOH-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH (NH 2) -, -CH 2 -CH (NH 2) -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH (NHR ') - , -CH2-CH (NHR ') -, -CH2-CH2-CH (NR'R ") -, - CH2-CH (NR'R") -, -CH2-CH2-CH2-NR'-, -CH2 -O-CO-O-, CH2-CH2-O-CO-O-, -CH2-CO- O-, -CH2-CH2-CO-O-, -CH2-O-CO-NH-, -CH2- CH2-O-CO-NH-; -CH 2 -NH-CONH- or CH 2 -CH 2 -NH-CO-NH-; -CH2-CH2-CH2-O-; -CH2-CH2-CHR'-O- with R 'and R "representing a linear or branched C1-C22 alkyl optionally comprising 1 to 12 heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, F, Si and P; mixture of these radicals.   5. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the formula (I), n is between 5 and 200 inclusive, and even better between 7 and 100 inclusive, or between 9 and 50 inclusive.   6. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in formula (I), R3 is a hydrogen atom; a succinimido, maleimido, mesityl, tosyl, triethoxysilane, phthalimide or CH2-CH2CN radical; or alternatively a benzyl or phenyl radical optionally substituted with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 8 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; a C1-C30 alkyl radical, in particular C1-C22 or even C2-C16, optionally comprising 1 to 18 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; said benzyl, phenyl or alkyl radicals may further comprise a function selected from the following functions: Succinimido; Glutarate-R '3 succinimido; glutarate; maleimido; mesityl; benzoate; tosyl; triethoxysilane; phthalimide; thioester; Benzotriazole carbonate; butyraldehyde; Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal; biotin; phospholipid; succinate; N-hydroxysuccinimide; - SO3H, -COOH, -PO4, -NR5R6 or -N + R5R6R7, with R5, R6 and R7, independently of one another, chosen from H or C1-C18 alkyl, linear, branched or cyclic, in particular methyl, optionally comprising 1 or more heteroatoms or protective groups such as t-butyloxycarbonyl or 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl.   7. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the monomer of formula (I) is chosen from, alone or in mixture: (meth) acrylate poly (ethylene glycol); methyl (poly) ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate; alkyl (poly) ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate; phenyl-poly (ethylene glycol) (meth) acrylates; the following monomer: NOT   characterized in that n is preferably between 3 and 100 inclusive, in particular 5 to 50 inclusive, or even 7 to 30 inclusive.   8. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the monomer of formula (I), alone or in mixture, is present in a proportion of 20 to 55% by weight, relative to the weight of the final polymer, preferably from 30 to 50% by weight.   9. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the formulas (Ila), (Ilb), (Ilc) and / or (Ild), the radical R'2 is chosen from: - an alkylene radical such methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, isobutylene, tert-butylene, n-hexylene, n-octylene, n-dodecylene, n-octadecylene, ntetradecylene, n-docosanylene; a phenylene radical -C6H4- (ortho, meta or para) optionally substituted with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 5 heteroatoms chosen from N, O, S, F, Si and / or P; or a benzene radical -C6H4-CH2-, optionally substituted, with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 5 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; a radical of formula -CH 2 -O-CO-O-, CH 2 -CH 2 -O-O-O-, -CH 2 -CO-O-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CO-O-, - [(CH 2) 5 -CO-O], -, -CH2-CH (CH3) -O-, - (CH2) 2-O-, -CH2-O-CO-NH-, -CH2-CH2-O-CO-NH-; -CH2-NH-CO-NH- or -CH2-CH2-NH-CO-NH-, -CH2-CHOH-, -CH2-CH2-CHOH-, -CH2-CH2-CH (NH2) -, -CH2- CH (NH2) -, -CH2-CH2-CH (NHR ') -, - CH2-CH (NHR') -, -CH2-CH2-CH (NR'R ") -, -CH2-CH (NR'R) ") -, -CH2-CH2-CH2-N R'-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-O-; -CH2-CH2-CHR'-O with R 'and R "representing a linear or branched C1-C22 alkyl optionally comprising 1 to 12 heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, F, Si and P; - or a mixture of these radicals 10. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the formula (IIa), the radicals R6 and R7 present in X are chosen from hydrogen, a methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl group. , n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, octyl, lauryl, stearyl.   11. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in formula (Ila), X is a radical chosen from pyridine, indolyl, isoindolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolynyl, pyrazolyl and quinoline radicals, pyrazolinyl, pyridinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, quinidinyl, thiazolinyl, morpholine, guanidino, amidino, phosphonium, and mixtures thereof.   12. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the monomers of formula (Ila) are neutralized with neutralizing agents selected from neutralizing agents having a log P less than or equal to 2, for example between -8 and 2, preferably between -6 and 1, in particular between -6 and 0; and / or agents having a log P greater than 2, preferably greater than or equal to 2.5, in particular greater than 3, and in particular between 3 and 15, or even 3.5 to 10.   13. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the monomer of formula (Ila) is chosen from, alone or in mixture: dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylamide, (meth) ) diethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, vinylimidazole, vinylpyridine, morpholinoethyl (meth) acrylate, and the following monomers: NH Y NH2.HCI O O / NH \ H O O H H 0% H N \ H O O N 0 0 NH \ NOT NOT N N NH N N O   14. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anionic monomers are selected from maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid maleic acid, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CH 2 = CH-C (O) -O- (CH 2) 2 -COOH); styrenesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylbenzoic acid, vinylphosphoric acid, sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate, and salts thereof.   15. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the formula (Ilc), the X '+ radical is chosen from pyridine, indolyl, isoindolinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolynyl, py-type radicals. razolyl, quinoline, pyrazolinyl, pyridinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, quinidinyl, thiazolinyl, morpholine, guanidino, amidino, and mixtures thereof.   16. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the formulas (Ilc) and / or (Ild), the radical R'3 is chosen from: - an alkylene radical such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, n butylene, isobutylene, tert-butylene, n-hexylene, n-octylene, n-dodecylene, n-octadecylene, ntetradecylene, n-docosanylene; a phenylene radical -C6H4- (ortho, meta or para) optionally substituted with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 5 heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, F, Si and P; or a benzene radical -C6H4-CH2- optionally substituted with a C1-C12 alkyl radical optionally comprising 1 to 5 heteroatoms chosen from O, N, S, F, Si and P; a radical of formula -CH2-O-CO-O-, CH2-CH2-O-CO-O-, -CH2-CO-O-, -CH2-CH2-CO-O-, - [(CH2) 5 -CO-O] n-, -CH2-CH (CH3) -O-, - (CH2) 2-O-, -CH2-O-CO-NH-, -CH2-CH2-O-CO-NH-; -CH2-NH-CO-NH- or -CH2-CH2-NH-CO-NH-, -CH2-CHOH-, -CH2-CH2-CHOH-, -CH2-CH2-CH (NH2) -, -CH2- CH (NH2) -, -CH2-CH2-CH (NHR ') -, - CH2-CH (NHR') -, -CH2-CH2-CH (NR'R ") -, -CH2-CH (NR'R) ") -, -CH2-CH2-CH2-NR'-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-O-; - [CH2-CH2-0] n- and - [CH2-CH (CH3) -O] n-, -CH2-CH2-CHR'-O- with R 'and R "representing a linear or branched C1-C alkyl C22 optionally comprising 1 to 12 heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, F, Si and P, or a mixture of these radicals 19. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the formula ( Ild), X "+ is selected from trimethylammonium radicals; triethylammonium; N, N-dimethyl, N-octylammonium; N, N-dimethyl, N-laurylammonium.   20. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the monomer of formulas (IIc) or (Ild) are chosen from N, N-dimethyl-N- (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) -N- (3-sulfopropyl) ) ammonium betaine, N, N-dimethyl-N- (3-methacrylamidopropyl) -N- (3-sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine, 1- (3-sulfopropyl) -2-vinylpyridinium betaine and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine.   19. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, when the 'essentially cationic' monomer is chosen from mixtures of cationic and / or amphoteric monomers with anionic monomers, said anionic monomers are preferably present at the rate of 5 to 40% by weight, relative to the weight of the "cationic and / or amphoteric + anionic" mixture, in particular from 10 to 30% by weight, preferably from 15 to 25% by weight.   20. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the 'essentially cationic' monomer is present in a proportion of 45 to 80% by weight relative to the weight of the final polymer, preferably 50 to 70% by weight. .   21. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional nonionic hydrophilic monomer has a log P between -8 and 2, preferably less than or equal to 1.5, in particular less than or equal to 1, and in particular between -7 and 1, or between -6 and O. 22. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional nonionic hydrophilic monomer is chosen from those of for-mule (III), alone or in a mixture, wherein: R '1 is hydrogen or -CH 3; Z "is a divalent group chosen from -COO-, -CONH-, -CONCH3-, -OCO-, -SO2, -CO-O-CO-, -CO-CH2-CO- or -O-; COO and CONH; -x "is 0 or 1; - R "is a carbon radical, saturated or unsaturated, optionally aromatic, linear, branched or cyclic, of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which may comprise 1 to 18 heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, F, Si and P; methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, benzyl, or a radical of formula -CH2-CH2-CH2OH, -CH2-CH2-OH, -CH2-CH2-CH2OH or furfuryl.   23. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional nonionic hydrophilic monomer is selected from: methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate , propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, ethoxyethyl methacrylate, ethoxyethyl, N-isopropyl acrylamide, N-isopropyl methacrylamide, N, N-dimethyl acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, vinylpyrrolidone vinylcaprolactam, N-vinyl acetamide and hydroxypropyl acrylate; N-vinyllactam, acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide, N-vinylformamide, N-methyl-N-vinylformamide, vinyl alcohol (copolymerized as vinyl acetate and then hydrolysed).   24. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional nonionic hydrophilic monomer, alone or as a mixture, is present in an amount of 0.1 to 35% by weight, preferably 1 to 25% by weight. weight, for example 3 to 15% by weight, or even 5 to 9.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the polymer.   25. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of between 500 and 5,000,000, in particular between 1,000 and 3,000,000 and more preferably between 2,000 and 2,000,000, even 4,000 and 500,000, between 7,000 and 250,000, even better 8,000 and 100,000.   26. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the copolymer is transportable in an aqueous medium, preferably water-soluble or water-dispersible.   27. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the copolymer has a viscosity in water of between 1 and 1000 mPa.s, preferably between 1.5 and 750 mPa.s, and even better between 2 and 500 mPa.s, measured at 25 ° C., using a BROOKFIELD viscometer, for a solution containing 15% by weight of polymer in water or methyl ethyl ketone, at 25 ° C., with a needle-like mobile (spindle) No. 1; for a measuring time of 5 minutes, at a speed of between 0.1 and 6 rpm.   28. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the copolymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) between -150 C and 20 C, in particular -120 C and 10 C, better between -100 C and 0 C.   29. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, in which the polymer is present in a proportion of 0.01 to 30% by weight of dry matter, in particular 0.1 to 20% by weight, or even 0.1 10% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.   30. Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surfactant is selected from anionic, nonionic, amphoteric surfactants and mixtures thereof.   31. Composition according to Claim 30, characterized in that the surfactant (s) are present at a concentration of between 0.1% and 60% by weight, preferably between 1% and 40% by weight, and even more preferred. between 5% and 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.   32. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cosmetically acceptable medium comprises at least one constituent selected from water; hydrophilic organic solvents such as alcohols, especially linear or branched C 1 -C 6 monohydric alcohols and polyols and glycol ethers. 33- Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition further comprises less a ca-50 tionic or amphoteric polymer.   34- Composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the cationic or amphoteric polymer or polymers represent from 0.001% to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.01% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the final composition .   35- Composition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition further comprises at least one additive selected from waxes, pasty fatty substances, gums and mixtures thereof, oils of animal origin, vegetable synthetic or synthetic esters and ethers; fatty alcohols having from 12 to 26 carbon atoms; volatile or nonvolatile silicone oils, linear or cyclic, liquid or pasty at room temperature; polymers other than polymers with a PEG group; vitamins, perfumes, pearlescent agents, thickeners, gelling agents, trace elements, softeners, sequestering agents, perfumes, alkalizing or acidifying agents, preservatives, sunscreens, antioxidants, agents anti-hair loss, anti-dandruff agents, propellants, ceramides; their mixtures.   36. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, in the form of a hair composition, in particular for maintaining the hairstyle or the shaping of the hair, for example in the form of shampoos, gels, lotions of styling, blow-drying lotions, fixing and styling compositions such as lacquers or spray; conditioner to rinse or not, compositions for permanent, straightening, coloring or bleaching, or in the form of compositions to rinse, to apply before or after coloring, discoloration, perm or straightening or between two stages of a perm or straightening.   37. Cosmetic process for treating keratin materials such as the skin of the body or of the face, nails, hair, hair and / or eyelashes, characterized in that it consists in applying to the keratin materials a cosmetic composition such as as defined in one of claims 1 to 34 and to follow or not the application of a rinse after a possible pause time.