FR2870562A1 - Thermal energy converting mechanism for operation of e.g. engine, has exchanger using which enthalpy of gases not converted into high quality energy is recycled until steam turbine does not transform any enthalpy - Google Patents

Abstract

The mechanism has compressors (23, 31) which increase temperature of respective gases by compression. A steam turbine transforms a part of difference of enthalpy of the gases into high quality energy. The enthalpy of the gases not converted into high quality energy is recycled using an exchanger until the turbine does not transform any enthalpy into the high quality energy.

Description

2870562 1

  The present invention relates to a mechanism for providing a noble energy, mechanical, electrical, or thermal, from a single thermal potential. It requires a single thermal source but can be extended to a more conventional bi-thermal system. The heat source provides the heat that the system transforms into noble energy. From this single thermal potential is generated, by the mechanism, the thermal potential difference necessary for a conventional engine system such as a steam turbine. Thus this mono-thermal mechanism derogates from the classical understanding of the Carnot principle that there can be no engine system in the absence of two thermal sources. The invention tends to show that thermal energy is an energy in its own right, equal to noble energies. Thermal energy is a form of stable energy that, with an initial impulse, can be transformed into noble energy. It is typically the type of phenomena observed by astrologers such as light energy emissions by gas clouds. The wavelengths emitted are specific to the temperature of the gas. The novelty demonstrated by the invention is that it is no longer necessary to create a thermal potential difference to generate a noble energy, Carnot's principle, but that a thermal potential can be transformed into its noble energy equivalent. Moreover, the maximum yield of Carnot no longer has any reason to be in a mono-thermal system, and the invention is an efficient mechanism as are heat pumps.

  Traditionally, engines use almost exclusively the explosive qualities of fuel and disdain residual thermal energy. Sometimes they use a small part, most often they evacuate. It is interesting to note that traditional engines use only thirty-five percent of the energy they use, the remaining sixty-five percent is lost in thermal form. Complex mechanisms, such as the coupling of a gas turbine and a steam engine, produce better yields, but all are well below one. To date only heat pumps are effective mechanisms providing more thermal energy than they consume noble energy. In addition, the engines, in accordance with the Carnot principle, require two heat sources, a hot source and a cold source. Finally, the traditional thermodynamic mechanisms are of a relatively simple design in the sense that the efficiency of the mechanism can be calculated directly from the operating conditions. In general the loops they use are those of closed systems, they do not use them to create iterative systems for which the output is no longer the result of a simple calculation but results from the convergence of the iterative system to a state of equilibrium.

  The mechanism according to the invention is distinguished in that it is designed in two thermal circuits crossing in exchangers.

  The mechanism according to the invention distinguishes itself by its excellent efficiency, we will speak of efficiency, and its mode of operation of mono-thermal design. This singularity is obtained by exploiting the thermodynamic properties of the gases described below. The input gas is provided with a thermal energy potential, absolute magnitude. This potential is partially transformed into noble energy by generating a differential of thermal energy around the reference temperature, internally the mechanism generates a hot spot and a cold point.

  The mechanism according to the invention is distinguished by the use of compressors. They serve as thermal amplifiers through which is created the enthalpy delta allowing a conventional mechanism, such as a steam turbine, to transform this difference in thermal potential into noble energy. The analogy between adiabatic compression and the electronic amplifier can be made. Recall that a transistor is an amplifier of intensity, say electrical energy. The transistor has an abundant energy at its collector and then playing on small variations in the energy supplied to its base we obtain an amplified energy output on the collector. The energy leaving the collector is proportional to the energy supplied to the base. The adiabatic compressor has a similar behavior to the transistor, it amplifies the thermal potential contained in a gas. The compressor takes as input a thermal source and an energy source that can be paralleled with the collector and the base of the transistor, at the output it gives a compressed gas having its initial temperature amplified by a gain proportional to the compression ratio, which corresponds to the emitting part of the transistor. This property makes it possible to amplify a thermal potential, from which to generate a thermal potential difference that can be converted into noble energy by conventional mechanisms such as steam turbines for example. Since the compressors do not have a very good gain and the efficiency of the conversion systems from an enthalpy difference to noble energy is very low, it was necessary to create at the same time a mechanism which makes it possible to take advantage of these properties while taking into account the disadvantages of the elements composing the invention. Steam engines, to take the example of this type of mechanism, consume a thermal energy and their losses are of the same nature.

  It was therefore quite simple to find a mechanism to recycle these losses. Thus we control the hot and cold points according to some mounts, c.f. Figure 6, necessary for a conventional mechanism transforming a temperature difference in noble energy while overcoming its disadvantages.

  The mechanism is distinguished by its recycling circuit which is made possible by its operation based on heat. It recycles the thermal energy not transformed by the steam turbine, to take the example of this type of mechanism which is in no way limiting, until it converts it into noble energy. It compensates for the very poor performance of steam turbines. Two exchangers lock the mechanism downstream and upstream of the primary circuit. They are the key to the mechanism by limiting energy losses thanks to the excellent performance of this type of device.

  At start-up, the mechanism consumes noble energy, then at the edge of its equilibrium it can self-feed to become efficient and provide energy. From then on it only consumes the thermal energy of its environment (at the level of the energy balance). Its operation does not require the constant supply of a noble energy external to the invention.

  The mechanism according to the invention will improve its performance by using the amplification properties described in the recycling circuit.

  The mechanism according to the invention will increase its efficiency by using one or more mechanisms which make it possible to achieve a relaxation having a good yield, such as an expansion of the isothermal type for example, in the primary and / or secondary circuits. The aim is to recover the maximum of the pneumatic energy resulting from the compressions, it being understood that an adiabatic expansion expends more energy in lowering temperature than it provides in noble energy. The choice of the type of relaxation that will be made will depend on the ratio between the gain in efficiency and the additional cost of a more expensive mechanism.

  The choice of the type of liquid / gas for a steam engine is important. Whenever this type of machine will be used it will be preferred all the gases allowing a better performance between the high and low temperatures internal to the mechanism. The temperature of the triple point of these gases must be preferably low, slightly lower than the cold point of the mechanism which is approximately equal to the ambient temperature in a conventional arrangement. The studies concerning the steam engines are monbreuses, a consequent know-how exists to this day in this field. Nevertheless almost all steam engines work with water. This material has two strong points namely, its triple point is at a current temperature, 0 Celsius per standard setting the zero, its critical point is very high of the order of 370 Celsius which gives a significant difference of nearly 370. These characteristics make this liquid a very interesting material for steam engines. However, the invention is able to operate in any context, or even in Arctic climate, so it will be interesting in these contexts to choose a liquid whose triple and critical points are adapted to ambient temperatures that can be very low. These temperatures are the only energy source of the mechanism, a triple point too high could be as harmful to the operation of the mechanism as a frozen diesel for a truck. The choice of the liquid is decisive in the optimization of the efficiency of the steam turbine, which affects the efficiency of the overall mechanism.

  Another, more conventional, but less efficient approach uses a second heat source, such as a burner. It aims to increase the temperature of the internal hot spot. Since the only thermal properties resulting from fuel combustion are of interest to us, the fuel can be of a very varied nature, so it makes it possible to use ecological products such as alcohols, methane, etc. from biomass without significant added value. It could also be a thermal input from a solar collector, these are possible but non-limiting examples.

  As has been said the mechanism according to the invention bases its mechanism on heat, it uses thermal amplification as the basis of its operation associated with a system for recycling enthalpy that has not been transformed into energy. noble.

  According to certain types of assembly the invention will operate in either open or closed mode. In the first case it is fed with thermal energy while absorbing the gas from the ambient medium, in the second case the gas necessary for the operation is in a closed circuit, it is charged with heat energy via an exchanger. Finally it is possible to add a hot source to the mechanism.

  According to particular embodiments: - a hot source can be added before or after the compressor or in the secondary circuit, it can be as a burner, a heat exchanger, ...

  - Certain types of mounting may not include a compressor in one or both primary and secondary circuits.

  one or more mechanisms that optimize the energy obtained by expansion of the compressed gases can be used to increase the efficiency of the mechanism by improving the conversion of this internal energy of the mechanism into noble energy. By way of non-limiting example, an isothermal expansion provides a much higher energy than an adiabatic expansion, such an element will therefore improve the efficiency of the mechanism. This type of possible choice is represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 by the expander 5 of the primary circuit which absorbs a heat energy Q enabling it to provide a larger work W. This choice can just as easily be used with the regulator 7 of the secondary circuit. However to this day isothermal relaxation is still a technique to improve.

  the main function of thermal recycling of the secondary circuit can be improved by associating it with a function of thermal amplification, but also with thermal energy capture, or with optimization of the energy obtained after expansion of the compressed gas. As illustrated by FIGS. 4 and 5, by way of nonlimiting example, the pump or heat pump of the secondary circuit of FIG. 3 can be replaced by a compressor that can be associated with an expansion mechanism such as a turbine and one or more exchangers.

  the secondary circuit may be provided with a mechanism regulating the pressure of its gas, an approximate result may be obtained by giving important dimensions to an external exchanger. The same mechanism can be added to the primary circuit in closed mode.

  the consumer elements, the compressors, can be supplied with noble energy directly from the producing elements by mechanical links which will save the successive energy conversions which affect the overall efficiency.

  the closed circuits of the mechanism may have a purge device, a liquid / gas make-up reserve, a pressure controller, a safety system, etc.

  2870562 5 - the recycling of thermal energy losses of the internal elements to the isolated chamber is left free. For example, in closed mode the isolated chamber can be surrounded by the external exchangers, those thus serving as a means of recycling.

  - The mechanism that converts an enthalpy delta into the most common noble energy and can be the most studied is the steam turbine, its choice makes it possible to have techniques that optimize this type of mechanism. However any other type of mechanism providing this function would be suitable. - The nature of the gas / liquid used by the steam turbine is left free. As well as those of the secondary and primary circuits.

  - The secondary circuit can be reconfigured according to many possible arrangements as shown in some possibilities the figures present. Other non-illustrated examples would be possible such as removing the external exchanger due to the use of an isothermal expansion turbine, or to improve the efficiency of the steam turbine by lowering the condensation temperature with the circuit gas secondary cooled by a relaxation adiabatic type, ...

  the choice of the fluid circulating in the internal part, the one which is immersed in the second fluid, the exchangers, the capacitors, this choice is arbitrary and can be conceived differently than in FIGS. 3, 4, 5, and 6; example data.

  - the form of the mechanism or its elements, its orientation, the separation of subparts, are free. By way of nonlimiting example, it may be sought to promote the orientation in which the fluids flow naturally, namely the hot parts upwards and the cold ones downwards.

  The attached drawings illustrate the invention: FIG. 1 represents a diagram of the device of the invention in open mode operating with a single heat source.

  Figure 2 shows a schematic of the closed mode device of the invention operating with a single heat source.

  Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 are drawings proposing some possible and concrete representations of the invention presented in Figures 1 and 2.

  With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the device comprises two circuits. The first called primary circuit is composed of elements 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in open mode, ie 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 9 in closed mode. The second circuit, called secondary, is a closed circuit comprising elements 4, 6, 1, 7, and 8. For convenience we will note "gas P" air / gas primary circuit and "gas S" the circuit gas secondary. The primary circuit is composed of an exchanger (1) where the gas P enters at a temperature Ti to come out preheated thanks to the heat recycled by the secondary circuit. The hot gas P then enters the compressor (2) which works as a thermal amplifier. After compression the gas P is raised to a high temperature, it enters the mechanism (3) which converts part of its enthalpy into noble energy. By way of nonlimiting example, the element (3) 2870562 6 may be a steam turbine, it is under this practical choice because very studied that we will give some possible examples with the figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 The thermal energy that is not converted into noble energy by the mechanism (3) is recycled thanks to the heat exchanger (4) in which the gas P passes before it expands in the turbine (5). In open mode the gas P is rejected, in closed mode it is heated up to the temperature of the heat source in the heat exchanger (9) before starting a cycle again by the preheating exchanger (1). The primary function of the secondary circuit is to recycle the untransformed thermal energy into noble energy. Figures 1 and 2 have an additional function, not mandatory, which is thermal amplification. In the exchanger (4) the gas S is responsible for the enthalpy of the gas P which has not been converted into noble energy, a steam turbine at a yield of 30 to 40 percent, so close to 70 percent of the enthalpy delta is rejected. This important energy is recycled by the secondary circuit that captures it in (4). The hot gas S is then compressed by the compressor (6) which amplifies its temperature, it discharges its thermal energy in the exchanger (1) where it preheats the gas P. Then an expansion system (7), such as a turbine, recovers its pneumatic energy after which the gas S is brought back to the temperature of the heat source in the exchanger (8). The gas S then enters the rebreather exchanger (4) and the loop is looped. In a minimal configuration where the secondary circuit would be limited to its role of recycler, the element (6) would be a simple pump ensuring the flow of gas / liquid S sufficient to recycle all the untransformed thermal energy. The elements (7) and (8) are no longer useful in this context, the gas / liquid S then passes directly from the preheating exchanger (1) to the recycling exchanger (4). A configuration of this type is shown in FIG.

  With reference to drawings 3, 4 and 5, these devices illustrate examples of implementations of the invention, all three use a steam turbine type system performing the function of converting a thermal energy gradient into noble energy. . Figures 3 and 4 are open-mode devices as to Figure 5 the mechanism is in closed mode. The secondary circuit of FIG. 3 only has the main function of this circuit, the thermal recycling, while in FIGS. 4 and 5 the secondary circuit also has the thermal amplification function. These three figures are implementations of the operation described above, all three respect the same numbering of the elements. We will therefore describe the figure comprising the most elements, the 5. The mechanism is immersed in the only heat source from which it draws energy either directly, in closed mode, or indirectly through heat exchange. The primary circuit of FIG. 5 consists of the elements 33, 22, 23, 25, 26, 37, the secondary circuit consists of elements 36, 29, 31, 21, 34, and 35, the steam turbine consists of elements 24, 30, 28, and 27. In the primary circuit, the fan (33) pulses the gas P at the temperature of the heat source Ti in the preheating chamber (22), in contact with the exchanger (21). heat up then is compressed by the compressor (23) which amplifies its temperature. In contact with the exchanger (24) the gas P loses most of its thermal potential by contributing to the evaporation and heating of the steam, the thermal residue is captured by the exchanger (36). Then the gas P reaches the expansion mechanism (26) at a temperature close to Ti. This mechanism can be a simple turbine, it transforms the pneumatic energy of the gas P into noble energy. In open mode the gas P is rejected. In closed mode, as is the case for FIG. 5, the gas P heats up near the heat source in the heat exchanger (37) to recover its energy level Ti before restarting a cycle with the fan (33). ) which pulses it. The gas S of the secondary circuit is at the temperature of the heat source when it enters the heat exchanger (36) where it takes charge of the residual thermal energy and then passes through the capacitor (28) in the exchanger (29) where it takes care of the energy lost by the steam turbine. The hot gas P is then compressed by the compressor (31) which amplifies its temperature, then it passes into the exchanger (21) of the preheating chamber (22) where it discharges its thermal energy in contact with the gas P qu it's warming up. The turbine (34) converts the pneumatic energy of the gas S into noble energy, its temperature having dropped, the gas S warms up at the source temperature by the exchanger (35) before starting a cycle again through the exchanger (36). The circuit of the steam turbine is as follows, the liquid vaporizes and is heated in the exchanger (24) it activates a steam turbine (30), the steam condenses in the capacitor (28) in contact with the exchanger (29). Finally the pump (27) injects the liquid into the exchanger (24) where it vaporizes again. The hot and cold elements are isolated, all the hot elements are contained in a thermally insulated chamber (32), it serves to improve the insulation and allows a recycling of thermal losses it contains. The recycling of thermal losses of hot components and mechanisms is not essential, we mention it but do not give an example.

  With reference to drawing 6, this device illustrates an example of implementation of the different invention, here we added an additional function to the recycling circuit which is the control of the cold point of the steam turbine. This family of implementation of the invention is more complex than the previous ones but makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the steam turbine, which has a significant impact on the efficiency of the mechanism. The example presented operates in closed mode, it uses a steam turbine type system performing the function of converting a thermal energy gradient into noble energy. The primary circuit consists of the elements 52, 53, 55, 56, and 65, the secondary circuit consists of the elements 61, 51, 63, and 59, the steam turbine consists of the elements 57, 54, 60, 58, and 64. The primary circuit operates as previously except that there is no fan in the example of Figure 6 as in 5. The secondary circuit differs given that it has been given an additional function which is to generate the cold point of the steam engine and lower the value. The compressor (61) amplifies the recycled temperature, temperature and thermal energy are synonymous. Via the exchanger (51) of the preheating chamber (52) the gas S discharges a portion of its thermal energy in contact with the gas P. It comes out cooled and enters an expansion system (63) which recovers its pneumatic energy and lowers its temperature. The low-temperature gas S serves as a cold point for the steam engine, as it passes through the exchanger (59) of the condenser (58) and condenses the steam coming out of the steam turbine (60). thermal energy not transformed by the steam engine that is recycled. This energy is amplified by compression through the compressor (61), then the gas S starts a new cycle.

  In the set of figures the noble energies consumed are denoted W, incoming arrow, and produced, outgoing arrow. The heat exchanges from the outside with the invention are noted Q. The gray dotted line corresponds to the direction of movement of the gas P in the primary circuit.

  According to particular modes if the effectiveness of the mechanism was not sufficient or to obtain a high impulse energy, in the case of a car engine for example, it would be appropriate to add an energy input, such as a burner for example. It would follow modifications of the primary and secondary circuits.

  At startup we provide noble energy to the mechanism to activate the compressors or pump (6) and (9). The compressor (2) increases the temperature and the pressure of the hot point providing the thermal energy to the system (3) which converts this difference of enthalpy into noble energy. By way of non-limiting example, this system may be a set of elements forming a steam turbine. Much of this energy will not be transformed into noble energy, it is recycled by the secondary circuit whose main function is the recycling of thermal residues, an amplification function which is an unnecessary improvement to the operation is added in the figures 1 and 2. The secondary circuit can also be provided with an additional function which is the control of the cold point of the system (3), the invention then manages the hot and cold points of the system which converts this difference of enthalpy into energy noble. The secondary circuit thus recycles this thermal energy which serves to preheat the gas P entering the exchanger (1). At the next iteration, the temperature obtained after amplification by compression will be greater and so on until the heat energy transformed by the system (3) plus the losses of the exchangers are equal to the energy input of a cycle. Then the mechanism reaches its equilibrium state, in this state it provides more energy than the compressors, or compressor and pump, consume, the mechanism enters its effective state.

  According to non-illustrated variants, the invention may be equipped with elements allowing the transformation of an enthalpy variation into noble energy other than a steam turbine proposed in Examples 3, 4, 5, and 6. In FIG. In the case of the choice of a steam engine to transform the enthalpy variation into noble energy, this can be more complex than the simplified examples show. The art of the current technique has a very important know-how in this field, multiple means of optimization of steam turbines exist to date. These arrangements may induce modifications of the circuit specific to the steam engine but also the primary and / or secondary.

  According to non-illustrated variants, the mechanism may have additional permanent or temporary energy supply. By way of non-limiting example, mention may be made of a heat input by solar collector, by burner, or by a thermal source.

  According to non-illustrated variants the mechanism can replace all or part of the expansion systems by more complex mechanisms. By way of example, an isothermal expansion provides a noble energy that is very much greater than an adiabatic expansion, however this type of expansion requires a more complex mechanism than a simple adiabatic expansion turbine.

  According to non-illustrated variants, the type of gas / liquid used by the steam turbine in the examples of Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 is not specified. The nature of this gas will change according to the temperature range of the hot and cold points, which depend on the compression ratio of the P and S gas. Thus the V gas providing the best efficiency to the steam turbine in a given context, with some compression rate, may not be the same for a different rate. In practice, the characteristics of the selected gas V will determine the optimal compression ratios and vice versa.

  According to non-illustrated variants, the invention may have mechanisms enabling the consumer elements to directly take the energy necessary for their function on the producing elements. Such devices are very interesting, they allow to increase the efficiency of the mechanism by reducing the losses due to unnecessary energy conversions. For example, we will succeed in replacing by a mechanical link transmitting a couple between a productive element and a consumer element a cascade of mechanical-electrical energy conversions on the consumer side then electrical-mechanical energy on the consumer side. This example is in no way limiting, for example, other energy vehicles between the producer and consumer elements can be used as the hydraulic or pneumatic energies.

  According to non-illustrated variants the invention may have a system comprising pressure, temperature, ... sensors for controlling and controlling the flows and their compressions and relaxes.

  The mechanism according to the invention is particularly intended for engine and generator type functions, but also for all those that handle thermal energy such as heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, or thermal recycling systems.

  The invention will promote the storage of energy in thermal form, given that it offers a simple means of inverse conversion and that it makes it possible to ensure the concentration of a reserve of thermal energy, recycling the energy losses. by reintroducing them into the tank.

  The invention allows the air conditioning and refrigeration systems to provide the same service without power limit by gaining autonomy and generating an energy benefit.

  Thermal energy is the best distributed on the planet, and outside, note in passing that -50 Celsius still corresponds to 223 Kelvin, the invention allows to supply electrical energy to isolated sites at the cost of technology.

  The field of transport will advantageously adapt the invention to these sectors. The consequence of the forces opposing the movement of the vehicles is the heating of the medium. Also the vehicles, and still more their drivers and passengers, will have any interest to borrow the free thermal energy of the ambient environment to develop the mechanical energy necessary for the displacement. However an adaptation of the invention to these sectors will probably be necessary. To have a large pulse energy it will probably be necessary to provide a second source of point energy as it has been proposed for variants of the invention.

Claims (10)

  1) Mechanism for converting thermal energy from a single source of heat to noble energy; it is characterized in that it is mono-thermal, the hot source and the cold source necessary for the operation of a conventional motor system are generated by the mechanism internally, it can be effective, requiring the input of energy noble that at its start, it comprises two circuits crossing in heat exchangers and a system of conversion of a thermal energy gradient into noble energy, the primary circuit has for main function the thermal amplification by compression of a gas, the secondary circuit has the main function of recycling thermal energy not converted into noble energy by the system for converting a temperature gradient into noble energy.   2) Mechanism according to claim 1 characterized in that the primary circuit can be either open or closed is composed of a heat exchanger preheating the gas using recycled thermal energy, an adiabatic compressor as a thermal amplifier , a heat exchanger providing the hot point to a steam turbine, an expansion mechanism, in open mode the gas / air is rejected whereas in closed mode it is heated to the temperature of the single source thermal contact by an external heat exchanger, the secondary circuit is composed of a compressor amplifying the recycled thermal energy, an exchanger preheating the gas of the primary circuit, a relaxation mechanism, an exchanger with the source thermal, an exchanger providing the cold point of the steam turbine in its condenser, the steam turbine is composed of an exchanger with the primary circuit that provides the hot spot, a turbine, a condensate a generator having an exchanger with the secondary circuit which supplies the cold point, of a pump injecting the liquid into the exchanger of the primary circuit.   3) Mechanism according to claim 2 characterized in that the secondary circuit consists of a heat pump, an exchanger with the primary circuit preheating the inlet gas inlet, a relaxation mechanism, an exchanger with the external heat source, an exchanger supplying the cold source to the condenser of the steam turbine.   4) Mechanism according to claim 2 or 3 characterized in that the secondary circuit is constituted differently, such that it does not have an exchanger with the heat source, and / or has an exchanger with the primary circuit recycling residues lost by the steam turbine hot spot sensor, and / or is open, ie the gas / air exits the secondary circuit between the heat exchangers used for preheating and that for recycling, it is rejected while at the beginning of the circuit the gas / air used to recycle the thermal energy not transformed by the steam turbine is taken from the thermal source, the ambient air for example, this solution avoids the use of an external exchanger and ensures the temperature of the gas / air that enters to recycle.   5) Mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the primary circuit and secondary intersect indirectly by interposed device.   6) Mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises a / additional energy supply punctual or permanent, the mechanism can then be ineffective, that is to say have a lower performance than one.   7) Mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the secondary circuit has received optional functions such as to amplify the recycled thermal energy, to generate the low temperature of the system for converting a thermal gradient into energy. noble, of converting a difference of enthalpy into noble energy.   8) Mechanism according to any preceding claim characterized in that the primary circuit has no amplification function, it can dispense with this function under certain conditions such as, for example, when the secondary circuit is provided with the thermal amplification function.   9) Mechanism according to any preceding claim characterized in that its function is not to provide a noble energy but a thermal gradient, hot and / or cold. A possible application is typically an air conditioning system, in which case the mechanism can be designed so as not to export noble energy.   10) Mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it has a system of pressure sensors, temperature, flow, ... and control system and / or control of the components of the invention such as pumps and compressors to regulate flow, compression, consumption, developed energy, ..