FR2859532A1 - Laboratory femur traction apparatus comprises molding component to make mastic hemispheres and traction unit with cavities for accurate alignment - Google Patents

Laboratory femur traction apparatus comprises molding component to make mastic hemispheres and traction unit with cavities for accurate alignment Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2859532A1
FR2859532A1 FR0310575A FR0310575A FR2859532A1 FR 2859532 A1 FR2859532 A1 FR 2859532A1 FR 0310575 A FR0310575 A FR 0310575A FR 0310575 A FR0310575 A FR 0310575A FR 2859532 A1 FR2859532 A1 FR 2859532A1
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femur
traction
hemispheres
test
molding component
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FR0310575A
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French (fr)
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FR2859532B1 (en
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Patrick Lecomte
Agnes Jullien
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Universite dOrleans
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Universite dOrleans
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • G01N3/04Chucks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017Tensile
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/04Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
    • G01N2203/0405Features allowing alignment between specimen and chucks

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

The traction apparatus, using a standard laboratory traction machine with a vertical axis, consists of a molding component and a traction unit. The molding component comprises two moulds (1) with movable sections that are used to make hemispheres of mastic round the ends of the femur, and a tubular spacer (3) that ensures a constant interaxial distance between them. The traction apparatus, using a standard laboratory traction machine with a vertical axis, consists of a molding component and a traction unit. The molding component comprises two moulds (1) with movable sections that are used to make hemispheres of mastic round the ends of the femur, and a tubular spacer (3) that ensures a constant interaxial distance between them. The traction unit has two jaws with hemispherical cavities that receive the molded mastic hemispheres and ensure automatic alignment of the femur being tested.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'essai qui se monte sur uneThe present invention relates to a test device which is mounted on a

machine d'essai de traction standard à axe vertical, pour permettre de réaliser un essai de traction jusqu'à la rupture sur des os d'animaux du type fémur, et plus particulièrement sur le fémur du rat ou de la souris.  standard tensile testing machine with a vertical axis, to allow a tensile test to rupture on femur-type bones, and more particularly on the femur of the rat or mouse.

Pour effectuer un essai de traction convenable on doit respecter l'alignement de l'éprouvette dans le cas présent celui de l'axe de l'us avec l'axe de traction de la machine et avoir un système d'attache rigide et auto-alignant de l'éprouvette sur la machine. Le serrage des deux extrémités d'un fémur ne peut se faire dans des mors standards d'une machine de traction à cause de leurs formes qui induisent des problèmes d'écartement des mors et de surface d'appui inadaptée à la réalisation d'un serrage. Le dispositif selon l'invention résout ces difficultés en ce que l'ensemble se compose: d'un outillage centré sur l'axe de la machine d'essai dans lequel l'éprouvette fait l'objet d'un positionnement et maintien spécifique par l'intermédiaire de deux embouts moulables placés aux extrémités du fémur grâce à un système de moules adapté Le dispositif selon l'invention permet de respecter les contraintes liées à ce type d'essai. Pour respecter l'alignement de l'axe du fémur avec l'axe de la machine et son positionnement et maintien sur l'outillage: le fémur est posé du côté de l'articulation du genou dans un moule hémisphérique de diamètre supérieur à celui de l'articulation. Un trou de diamètre légèrement supérieur à la section courante du fémur sous l'articulation pré-citée est réalisé au fond du moule. Le fémur est ensuite suspendu librement au fonds du moule, ce qui lui permet de s'aligner avec la verticale sous l'effet de la pesanteur. En respectant cette position. du mastic polyester est coulé dans le moule pour former l'embout supérieur. Après séchage de celui-ci. le moule est retourné et une entretoise de longueur calibrée est posée sur la face du moule coté os pour permettre l'obtention d'une longueur utile calibrée d'éprouvette. La longueur de l'entretoise est fixée de par le type de fémur à tester. Un deuxième moule hémisphérique de diamètre supérieur à celui du premier moule du fait du volume plus important de l'articulation de la hanche est posé sur l'autre extrémité de l'entretoise, pour permettre de couler le mastic polyester sur la tête du fémur (du côté de l'articulation de la hanche) et former l'embout inférieur. Après séchage, en séparant les deux parties de moules maintenu par deux fois deux vis, on obtient un fémur équipé aux extrémités de deux hémisphères de dimensions constantes et d'entraxe calibré.  In order to carry out a suitable tensile test the alignment of the specimen in this case that of the axis of the us with the axis of traction of the machine must be respected and have a rigid and self-fastening system. aligning the specimen on the machine. The tightening of the two ends of a femur can not be done in standard jaws of a traction machine because of their shapes which induce problems of separation of the jaws and unsuitable bearing surface to the realization of a Tightening. The device according to the invention solves these difficulties in that the assembly consists of: tooling centered on the axis of the test machine in which the specimen is subject to positioning and specific maintenance by by means of two moldable tips placed at the ends of the femur by means of a suitable mold system The device according to the invention makes it possible to respect the constraints related to this type of test. To respect the alignment of the axis of the femur with the axis of the machine and its positioning and maintenance on the tooling: the femur is placed on the side of the knee joint in a hemispherical mold of diameter greater than that of the joint. A diameter hole slightly greater than the current section of the femur under the aforementioned joint is made at the bottom of the mold. The femur is then freely suspended at the bottom of the mold, which allows it to align with the vertical under the effect of gravity. By respecting this position. polyester putty is poured into the mold to form the upper nozzle. After drying it. the mold is turned over and a spacer of calibrated length is placed on the face of the mold on the bone side to allow to obtain a calibrated useful length of specimen. The length of the spacer is fixed by the type of femur to be tested. A second hemispherical mold of greater diameter than the first mold because of the greater volume of the hip joint is placed on the other end of the spacer, to allow casting the polyester putty on the head of the femur ( on the side of the hip joint) and form the lower end. After drying, separating the two parts of molds held twice by two screws, we obtain a femur equipped at the ends of two hemispheres of constant dimensions and calibrated center distance.

Pour respecter le principe d'un système d'attache rigide et autoalignant: l'appareillage est réalisé en acier inoxydable et surdimensionné par rapport aux efforts à exercer sur le fémur. L'appareillage se fixe une machine d'essai de traction, en respectant l'axe vertical de la machine, une partie sur la traverse mobile et l'autre partie sur le cadre de la machine; l'une ou l'autre de ces fixations s'effectue directement sur le capteur de force. L'appareillage comprend deux mors comportant une empreinte hémisphérique avec un jeu fonctionnel. Ces mors reçoivent les embouts moulés ce qui permet d'imposer le déplacement axial d'une extrémité de l'os (traverse mobile) par rapport à l'autre ainsi que l'auto alignement pendant l'essai. Dans la partie haute du montage, une rainure en té permet l'alignement des deux mors. De plus, un grand jeu selon l'axe vertical de la machine permet de monter l'os dans l'outillage, sans le soumettre à un effort parasite avant essai. Un capteur de déplacement est fixé sur le mors supérieur; en contact avec le mors inférieur il permet de mesurer l'allongement de l'os pendant toute la durée de l'essai. De ce fait, le jeu vertical dans la rainure, sans intérêt pour l'essai n'est pas pris en compte.  To respect the principle of a rigid attachment system and self-aligning: the equipment is made of stainless steel and oversized compared to efforts to exercise on the femur. The apparatus attaches a tensile testing machine, respecting the vertical axis of the machine, a part on the movable cross member and the other part on the frame of the machine; one or other of these fasteners is made directly on the force sensor. The apparatus comprises two jaws having a hemispherical fingerprint with a functional play. These jaws receive the molded tips which makes it possible to impose the axial displacement of one end of the bone (movable crosshead) relative to the other as well as self alignment during the test. In the upper part of the assembly, a tee groove allows the alignment of the two jaws. In addition, a large clearance along the vertical axis of the machine makes it possible to mount the bone in the tool, without subjecting it to parasitic stress before testing. A displacement sensor is attached to the upper jaw; in contact with the lower jaw it allows to measure the elongation of the bone throughout the duration of the test. Therefore, the vertical play in the groove, without interest for the test is not taken into account.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et ses particularités apparaîtront à la lecture de la description et des dessins ci-après donnés: La figure 1 montre le dispositif de moulage: les deux moules(l) qui sont fabriqués en polytétrafluoréthyléne (PTFE matériau non adhérent). Chaque moule est formé de deux parties pour permettre la mise en place du fémur et le démoulage; elles sont assemblées par deux vis (2) et l'entretoise d'une hauteur calibrée est tubulaire (3) d'un diamètre intérieur supérieur à celui de la sphère.  The invention will be better understood and its particularities will appear on reading the description and the drawings given below: FIG. 1 shows the molding device: the two molds (1) which are made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE non-adherent material) . Each mold is formed of two parts to allow the introduction of the femur and demolding; they are assembled by two screws (2) and the spacer of a calibrated height is tubular (3) with an internal diameter greater than that of the sphere.

La figure 2 présente l'appareillage de traction: la partie inférieure (4) est fixée sur la machine d'essai. Un demi mors correspondant au plus grand diamètre(5) est fixé sur le plateau par deux vis(6) l'autre demi mors mobile(7) est lié au mors fixe(5) par deux vis(8) pour permettre la mise en place du fémur. La partie supérieure comporte, une fixation(9) sur la machine d'essai, une rainure en té (10) pour recevoir le support de l'autre mors qui est constitué d'un tenon en té (11) comportant un jeu important dans la rainure. Sur ce tenon est fixé un demi mors (12) par deux vis (8) l'autre demi mors mobile (13) est fixé avec deux vis sur le mors fixe (12) pour permettre le passage du fémur. Un capteur de déplacement (14) est installé entre le support du mors supérieur et inférieur.  Figure 2 shows the traction equipment: the lower part (4) is fixed on the test machine. A half-jaw corresponding to the largest diameter (5) is fixed on the plate by two screws (6) the other half movable jaw (7) is connected to the fixed jaw (5) by two screws (8) to allow the setting place of the femur. The upper part comprises, a fixing (9) on the test machine, a groove in tee (10) for receiving the support of the other jaw which consists of a tenon tee (11) having a large clearance in the groove. On this post is fixed a half jaw (12) by two screws (8) the other half movable jaw (13) is fixed with two screws on the fixed jaw (12) to allow the passage of the femur. A displacement sensor (14) is installed between the upper and lower jaw support.

La mise en place du fémur sur la machine d'essai se caractérise par une procédure précise, dictée par le caractère spécifique de l'outillage. D'abord il faut vérifier que la distance entre les mors est inférieure à la longueur totale du fémur; on peut alors fixer l'embout supérieur du fémur dans son mors. L'alignement de l'axe du fémur avec l'axe de la machine est garanti par le procédé de moulage des embouts. Puis il faut contrôler la distance entre les mors de telle sorte que le jeu soit bien présent dans la rainure(10) et fixer l'embout inférieur du fémur dans le mors inférieur: l'essai peut alors commencer.  The placement of the femur on the test machine is characterized by a precise procedure, dictated by the specific nature of the tooling. First we must check that the distance between the jaws is less than the total length of the femur; we can then fix the upper end of the femur in his jaw. The alignment of the femur axis with the axis of the machine is guaranteed by the molding process of the tips. Then we must control the distance between the jaws so that the game is present in the groove (10) and fix the lower end of the femur in the lower jaw: the test can then begin.

Le présent dispositif peut être adapté à d'autres fémurs d'animaux plus petits ou plus grands que celui ci du rat, à condition d'adapter les dimensions du montage et des moules.  The present device can be adapted to other femurs of animals smaller or larger than that of the rat, provided to adapt the dimensions of the assembly and the molds.

Claims (1)

4 REVENDICATIONS4 CLAIMS 1) Appareillage permettant de réaliser des essais de traction sur des fémurs avec une machine standard d'essai de traction à axe vertical de laboratoire caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend: un dispositif de moulage (fig.l) et un outillage de traction(fig.2) qui permettent au cours de l'essai de garantir la fixation de l'éprouvette (fémur) sur la machine d'essai ainsi que son auto-alignement selon l'axe vertical de la machine.  1) Apparatus for carrying out tensile tests on femurs with a standard laboratory vertical axis tensile test machine characterized in that it comprises: a molding device (FIG. 1) and a traction tool (FIG. fig.2) which allow during the test to ensure the fixation of the specimen (femur) on the test machine and its self-alignment along the vertical axis of the machine. 2) Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de moulage comprend deux moules constitués de deux parties amovibles, en PTFE, et qui permettent de réaliser deux hémisphères calibrés en mastic polyester à chaque extrémité du fémur.  2) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the molding device comprises two molds consisting of two removable parts, made of PTFE, and which make it possible to produce two hemispheres calibrated polyester putty at each end of the femur. 3) Dispositif selon la revendication 1 et la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la phase de moulage des embouts s'effectue à l'aide d'une entretoise calibrée qui permet d'obtenir les deux embouts hémisphériques à entraxe constant, ce qui fixe la longueur utile de l'éprouvette.  3) Device according to claim 1 and claim 2, characterized in that the molding phase of the end pieces is carried out using a calibrated spacer which provides the two hemispherical end caps constant spacing, which fixes the effective length of the test piece. 4) Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'outillage possède une rainure en té qui permet l'alignement vertical de l'axe des supports supérieur et inférieur.  4) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the tool has a tee groove which allows the vertical alignment of the axis of the upper and lower supports. 5) Dispositif selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'outillage possède deux mors avec empreinte hémisphériques qui permettent l'auto alignement et la fixation du fémur au cours de l'essai.  5) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the tool has two jaws with hemispherical imprint that allow self alignment and fixation of the femur during the test.
FR0310575A 2003-09-08 2003-09-08 SELF-ALIGNING TRACTION DEVICE FOR FEMUR Expired - Fee Related FR2859532B1 (en)

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FR0310575A FR2859532B1 (en) 2003-09-08 2003-09-08 SELF-ALIGNING TRACTION DEVICE FOR FEMUR

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103940688A (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-23 西安交通大学 Femur locating device and method for in vitro test of patellar articular cartilage
IT201800003851A1 (en) * 2018-03-21 2019-09-21 E Fem S R L CLAMPING ELEMENT OF A SPECIMEN FOR A MACHINE FOR THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A MATERIAL

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2679245A (en) * 1950-03-20 1954-05-25 Timmermans Frans Donatus Prosthesis for femoral heads
US4483198A (en) * 1983-01-05 1984-11-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Osteoclast for whole bone testing
US5383474A (en) * 1993-10-12 1995-01-24 Creighton University Office Of Technology Licensing Apparatus for studying the effects of compressive and tensile bending strains on bones
US5549697A (en) * 1994-09-22 1996-08-27 Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc. Hip joint prostheses and methods for manufacturing the same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2679245A (en) * 1950-03-20 1954-05-25 Timmermans Frans Donatus Prosthesis for femoral heads
US4483198A (en) * 1983-01-05 1984-11-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Osteoclast for whole bone testing
US5383474A (en) * 1993-10-12 1995-01-24 Creighton University Office Of Technology Licensing Apparatus for studying the effects of compressive and tensile bending strains on bones
US5549697A (en) * 1994-09-22 1996-08-27 Johnson & Johnson Professional, Inc. Hip joint prostheses and methods for manufacturing the same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103940688A (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-23 西安交通大学 Femur locating device and method for in vitro test of patellar articular cartilage
CN103940688B (en) * 2014-04-22 2016-03-30 西安交通大学 A kind of osseocartilaginous femur locating device of testing in vitro Patellar joint and method
IT201800003851A1 (en) * 2018-03-21 2019-09-21 E Fem S R L CLAMPING ELEMENT OF A SPECIMEN FOR A MACHINE FOR THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A MATERIAL
EP3543677A1 (en) * 2018-03-21 2019-09-25 E-Fem S.r.l. A clamping element for clamping a test piece for a machine for the mechanical characterisation of a material

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