FR2852204A1 - Universally effective insect repelling and insecticidal product, comprising mixture of aromatic essential oils from 17 species of plants, e.g. Melaleuca viridiflora, Pinus sylvestris and Mentha piperita - Google Patents

Abstract

A novel and insecticidal and repellent product (I) comprises aromatic essential oils of Melaleuca viridiflora, Lavandula latifolia spica, Eucalyptus globulus, Cupressus sempervirens, Cedrus atlantica, Pelargonium graveolens, Pinus sylvestris, Pogostemon cablin, Vetiveria zizanoides, Aniba rosaeodora, Mentha piperita, Foeniculum vulgare, Juniperus communis, Cymbopogon citratus, Melaleuca alternifoliaand Laurus nobilis. ACTIVITY : Insect repellent; insecticide. Application of (I) as a spray to horses living in the open air repelled insects within a distance of ca. 2 m for 96 hours. MECHANISM OF ACTION : Neurotoxin.

Description

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The present invention relates to an insect repellant and insecticide product made from organic chemical compounds contained in botanically and biologically defined aromatic essences, extracted by steam distillation or by pressure of the various organs. plants and trees previously discriminated against and whose combined effects have a repulsive or lethal action on most seasonal insects.

We know that aromatic essences are noble waste products from the metabolism of plants and trees. They are lipophilic, volatile products, made up of many chemicals which are not very soluble in water. These volatile essences diffuse through the epidermis of the leaves and flowers and spread a very pronounced odor. They mainly result from the metabolism of terpenes and that of C6 - C3 compounds. The main molecule is the isoprene unit composed of 5 carbon atoms. Terpenes are composed of a variable number of isoprene units to form monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes.

Monoterpenes, composed of 2 isoprene units linked to 10 carbon atoms have either a cyclohexane ring and two double bonds, or a bicyclic ring with nested rings related to unsaturated hydrocarbons. These compounds have well-defined properties: irritants, anti-infectives, insecticides and repellents, we also find the monoterpene structure in pyrethrins and iridoids.

The sesquiterpenes composed of 3 isoprene units, forming a simple, condensed acyclic chain, sometimes several overlapping cycles, are also related to the unsaturated carbides C15H24 and have many interesting pharmacological properties.

The carbon skeleton diterpenes comprising 4 C20 isoprene units forming an acyclic chain, or which are variable cyclized and most often functionalized, have a high molecular mass and a marked biological activity.

We also find in the essences used compounds formed of an OH hydroxyl group attached by hydroxylation to terpenes to form monoterpenols, sesquiterpenoles or diterpenols, the latter molecules are heavy, not very volatile and have a chemical structure similar to that of 'a hormone.

We note the presence in aromatic essences of phenols which by extension are compounds of general formula Ar - OH (phenol function), formed of a hydroxyl unit and a ring of carbon atoms, comparable to the hydroxylated derivative of benzene C6 H5 OH of intense odor, partially soluble, immiscible with water.

Similarly, we also find in these aromatic essences aldehydes, functional name of organic compounds (R-CH = O) with a carboxyl functional group always located at the end.

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 of a chain, linked on the one hand to a hydrogen atom, on the other hand, to a hydrocarbon group.

They give off a strong aroma and have properties similar to those of phenols.

We also know that ketones are present in aromatic essences. These are compounds where an oxygen atom binds to a carbon atom to form a unit which attaches to a hydrocarbon compound; as well as acids, esters, which are complex combinations of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, as well as lactones whose molecular weight is very high and which are found only in certain aromatic essences obtained by pressure.

Insects are the most important class of arthropod phylum and include around thirty important orders in pathology, hygiene and agronomy. Some species are harmful to crops, woods, grains, domestic or wild animals and can be intermediate hosts of Cestodes, others are vectors of infectious or parasitic diseases.

The insecticidal properties of pyrethrum have been known since antiquity, the flower heads of which contain very many constituents and a mixture of pyrethrins, substances very toxic to cold-blooded animals such as insects and worms and not very toxic to humans. However, the extreme adaptability of insects has enabled them to develop resistance to the action of these substances and their derivatives, which means that they must constantly adapt appropriate responses.

The presence of insects such as flies, mosquitoes, midges, horseflies, wasps etc ... in the premises where humans and animals stay, generates multiple drawbacks, namely bites, spread of infectious or parasitic diseases, contamination of food etc ...

Insects have an extraordinary resistance thanks to the impermeability of their integuments, on the other hand, possessing ultra sophisticated sensory devices which can reside as well at the level of the antennae as at the level of the body and the legs, they become vulnerable to actions. of certain substances that can reach them through these organs.

And this is precisely what is the subject of the present invention. Demonstration of the insect repellant and insecticide properties of aromatic essences is carried out according to the following experimental protocol.

In a glazed enclosure of parallelepipedic shape with a volume of approximately 1 m3, provided with an opening, there are baits intended to attract seasonal insects, such as flies, horseflies, wasps, midges etc., on all the walls. Each of the walls is successively coated with the preparation of different aromatic essences, previously determined and dosed, and the chemical constituents of which are known.

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The observation of the behavior of the insects considered informs us about the insect repellent properties of each of the preparations applied. In fact, despite the presence of the baits, none of the insects come close to it, we therefore conclude that the preparation under consideration has insect repellent properties.

Demonstration of the insecticidal properties of the various aromatic essence complexes is carried out according to the following experimental protocol; various groups of insects, flying or crawling, such as flies, horseflies, wasps, midges, fleas, bugs, bugs, ants, etc. are introduced into a hermetically sealed enclosure.

Several mixtures of aromatic essences previously discriminated and dosed, are sprayed in the enclosure where we observe the behavior of insects.

We note the time elapsed between the spraying of the different aromatic essence complexes and the onset of locomotor disorders in insects; the relationship between the intensity and the speed of the onset of these disorders is also noted with the composition and the dosage of the aromatic essences used.

The speed of the lethal action of the various complexes and the potentiating effects due to the combination of certain specific essences according to their concentration, are also observed.

Thus, according to a preferred embodiment and without this example being limiting since it will be up to the person skilled in the art to implement the product according to the invention whenever it needs action. insect repellent or insecticide, the product according to the invention is composed of the following aromatic essences: Melaleuca viridiflora, Lavandula latifolia spica, Eucalyptus globulus, Cupressus sempervirens, Citrus bergamia, Cedrus atlantica, Pelagonium graveolens, Pinus sylvestris, Pogostemon cablin, Vetiveria zibaano , Mentha piperita, Foeniculum vulgare, Juniperus communis, Cymbopogon citratus, Melaleuca alternifolia, Laurus nobilis.

The chemical molecules of these aromatic essences have been identified and their insect repellant or insecticidal properties have been evaluated.

Thus in the botanical and biologically defined aromatic essences of Melaleuca viridifolia, the extraction method of which is the steam distillation of twigs from flowers and young shoots, chemical analysis reveals the presence of valerianic acid, terpinol which is an alcohol, cineole which is a ketone, limonene and pinene which are terpenes.

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Among the many properties which these chemical molecules confer on them, the aromatic essences of Malaleuca viridifolia have powerful insect repellant and insecticidal properties on all kinds of biting insects as well as an important power of diffusion and persistence in the air over a long distance. .

Non-toxic, non-irritating to humans, non-sensitizing, they also have significant antiseptic properties.

The aromatic essences of Lavandula latifolia spica biologically and botanically defined, whose flowers, distilled in water vapor, reveal in their chemical composition the presence of alcohols such as borneol, geraniol, lavandulol, linalol, esters such that geranyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate, lynalyl acetate, a ketone cineol, caryophyllene, which is a sesquiterpene, limonene and pinene which are terpenes.

All of these molecules confer numerous pharmacological properties to the aromatic essences of Lavandula latifolia spica, in particular powerful insect repellant and insecticide, fungicide, parasiticide and bactericide properties.

The aromatic essences of Eucalyptus globulus, biologically and botanically defined extracted by steam distillation reveal in their chemical components, an aldehyde, citronellal, ketones, cineole, globulol, terpenes such as camphene, fenchene, phellandrene and pinene.

The presence of these chemical molecules gives the aromatic essences of Eucalyptus globulus, powerful insect repellant and insecticidal, parasiticidal, bactericidal and antiseptic properties.

The aromatic essences of Cupressus sempervirens, botanically and biologically defined, obtained by steam distillation of fresh leaves or needles reveal in their chemical components an alcohol sabinol, an aldehyde, furfurol, an ester, terpenyl acetate , and terpenes such as camphene, cymene, pinene, sylvestrene, which explain the many properties of Cupressus sempervirens and more particularly the insect repellant and insecticidal properties.

The aromatic essences of Citrus bergamia, botanically and biologically defined, obtained by cold expression of the skin of the fruits, reveal in their chemical components alcohols such as, linalool, nerol, terpinol, an ester such as acetate of lynalyl, a lactone, bergaptene, and terpenes such as dipentene, and limonene, with potent insecticidal properties.

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The aromatic essences of Cedrus atlantica, botanically and biologically defined, obtained by the distillation of wood with water vapor reveal in their components, an alcohol, cedrol and 3 sesquiterpenes, cadinene, cedrene, cedrenol which give it powerful fungicidal and insecticidal properties.

The botanical and biologically defined aromatic essences of Pelargonium graveolens, obtained by steam distillation of the leaves, stems and flowers contain in their components, geranic acid with insecticidal properties, alcohols, geraniol, citronellol , linalool, myrtenol, perpineol, an aldehyde, citral, a ketone, methone, a phenol, eugenol and a terpene, sabinene, compounds which give the essences of Pelargonium graveolens powerful insecticidal, fungicidal, repellant and anti-micotic properties. .

The aromatic essences of Pinus sylvestris, botanically and biologically defined, obtained by steam distillation of twigs, needles and cones contain in their components borneol which is an alcohol, bornyl acetate, terpenyl acetate, which are esters, cardinene which is a sesquiterpene, camphene, dipentene, phellandrene, pinene, sylvestrene which are terpenes, all of these components conferring on the whole, fungicidal, bactericidal, insect repellant and insecticidal properties.

The aromatic essences of Pogostemon cablin botanically and biologically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the dried and fermented leaves contain patchoulol which is an alcohol, benzoic, cinnamic which are aldehydes, eugenol which is a phenol , as well as cadinene which is a terpene, these components give the complex insect repellant, insecticide and anti-septic properties.

The aromatic essences of Vetiveria zizanoides, botanically and biologically defined, distilled by water vapor from the roots, isolate benzoic acid, vetiverol which is an alcohol, furfurol an aldehyde, vetivone which is a ketone, vetivene a sesquiterpene. They give the complex antiparasitic, insect repellant and insecticide properties.

The aromatic essences of Aniba rosaeodora, botanically and biologically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the heart of the wood contain chemical molecules such as geraniol, linalool, nerol, terpineol, cineole which is a ketone , as well as dipentene, which give the complex bactericidal, insect repellent, and insecticide antiseptic properties.

The aromatic essences of Mentha piperita, botanically and biologically defined, extracted by steam distillation are composed essentially of menthol which is a

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 monoterpene, powerful insecticide and insect repellent, by direct action on the nervous system of insects.

The aromatic essences of Foeniculum vulgare, botanically and biologically defined, extracted by steam distillation of the crushed seeds, contain two aldehydes, the nanisic and cuminic aldehyde, a ketone the fenchone, two phenols the anethone and methylchavirol as well as camphene, dipentene, limonene, phellandrene, which are terpenes and which potentiate themselves to produce a complex with proven insecticidal, parasiticidal and bactericidal properties.

The aromatic essences of Juniperus communis, botanically and biologically defined, extracted from the leaves, needles and wood by steam distillation release chemical molecules such as borneol and terpineol which are alcohols, cadinene, cedrene which are sesquiterpenes, camphene, myrcene, pinene, sabinene which are terpenes, with very effective antiseptic, insecticidal, insect repellent and parasiticidal properties.

The aromatic essences of Cymbopogon citratus, botanically and biologically defined, extracted by steam distillation release the following molecules, farnesol, geraniol, nerol, which are alcohols, citral, citronellal, which are aldehydes , limonene and myrcene which are terpenes, whose bactericidal, fungicidal, insecticidal and repellant properties are recognized.

The aromatic essences of Melaleuca alternifolia, botanically and biologically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the leaves, twigs, produce terpineol, cineole, cymene, pinene, and terpinene with antiviral, bactericidal, fungicidal properties. , insecticides, parasiticides and disinfectants.

The aromatic essences of Laurus nobilis, botanically and biologically defined, obtained by steam distillation of the leaves, release cineole, and terpenyl acetate a with insect repellent properties.

Although the chemical molecules contained in the various aromatic essences such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, acids, esters, terpenes, are of the same chemical nature, they nevertheless have specific characteristics related to the soils, plants, trees and organs from which the essences are extracted.

Thus, for example, the cineole of Melaleuca viridiflora and the cineole of Lavandula latifolia spica, although being two ketones, have properties specific to each and whose effects are potentilized to give the complex greater pharmacological effects at lower concentrations or new properties.

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The same applies to all the molecules of the same chemical family present in the aromatic essences which make up the product according to the invention.

The product according to the invention thanks to the diffusion of the volatile molecules which it contains and which are fixed on the olfactory and sensory organs of insects, exerts a repulsive action at a distance and an insecticide action by direct contact thanks to its diffusion in the system vascular and nervous of the insect and causes the paralysis of the legs and the wings then the stop of the vital functions by brutal intoxication and destruction of the nervous centers.

The product according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment and without the example being limiting, can be presented for example in the form below: Aromatic essences of Melaleuca viridiflora chemically defined with the following molecules: - valerianic acid - terpineol - cineole - limonene - pinene 0.25ml Aromatic essences of Lavandula latifolia spica chemically defined with the following molecules: - borneol - geraniol - lavandulol - linalol - geranyl acetate - lavandulyl acetate linalyl acetate - cineole - caryophyllene - limonene - pinene - 1 ml Aromatic essences of Eucalyptus globulus chemically defined with the following molecules: - citronellal - cineole - globulol - camphene - fenchene - phellandrene - pinene 0.25 ml Aromatic essences of Cupresus sempervirens chemically defined with the following molecules: - sabinol - furfurol - terpenyl acetate - camphene - cymene - pinene - sylvestrene 0.25ml Aromatic essences of Citrus bergamia chemically defined to the following molecules: - linalool - nerol - terpineol - linalyl acetate - bergaptene - dipentene - limonene 0.25 ml Aromatic essences of Cedrus atlantica chemically defined to the following molecules: - cedrol - cadinene - cedrene - cedrenol 0.25 ml Aromatic essences of Pelargonium graveolens chemically defined to the following molecules: - geranic acid - geraniol - citronellol - linalol - myrthenol - perpineol - citral - methone eugenol - sabinene 0.25 ml Aromatic essences of Pinus sylvestris chemically defined to the following molecules: - borneol - bornyl acetate - terpenyl acetate - cadinene - camphene - dipentene phellandrene - pinene - sylvestrene 0.25 ml Aromatic essences of Pogostemon cablin chemically defined with the following molecules: - patchoulol - benzoic aldehyde - cinnamic aldehyde - eugenol - cadinene - 0 , 25 ml

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 Aromatic essences of Vetiveria zizanoides chemically defined with the following molecules: - benzoic acid - vetiverol - furfurol - vetivone - vetivene 0.25 ml Aromatic essences of Aniba rosaeodora chemically defined with the following molecules: - geraniol - linalol - nerol - terpineol - cineole - dipentene 0 , 25 ml Aromatic essences of Mentha piperita chemically defined to the following molecule: - menthol 0.25 ml Aromatic essences of Foeniculum vulgare chemically defined to the following molecules: - anisic aldehyde - cuminic aldehyde - fenchone - anethone - methylchavirol - camphene - dipentene - limonene - phellandrene 0.25 ml Aromatic essences of Juniperus communis chemically defined with the following molecules: - borneol - terpineol - cardinene - cedrene - camphene - myrcene - pinene - sabinene 0.25 ml Aromatic essences of Cymbopogon citratus chemically defined with the following molecules: - farnesol - geraniol - born rol - citral - citronellal - limonene - myrcene 0.25 ml Aromatic essences of Melaleuca alternifolia chemically defined to the following molecules: - terpineol - cineole - cymene - pinene - terpinene - 0.25 ml Aromatic essences of Laurus nobilis chemically defined to the following molecules: - cineole - terpenyl acetate - 0.25 ml excipients: - vegetable oil of wheat germ 8 ml - vegetable oil of evening primrose 2 ml demineralized water: q. sp 11 According to a preferred embodiment, the product according to the invention is produced in the following manner: for a quantity of 100 liters of product - in a tank of adequate capacity provided with a cover and having a propeller agitator for emulsion, as well as a cooling system intended to maintain the temperature of the mixture at around 5 C so as to limit the diffusion of volatile molecules, 98.5 liters of demineralized water are poured.

The speed of rotation of the agitator propeller being approximately 1500 rpm, 500 ml of aromatic essences as defined and dosed in the description above are poured, to which 800 ml of oil are added. of wheat germ and 200 ml of evening primrose oil or any other vegetable oil and compatible liquid carriers.

After 15 minutes of stirring a disperser is added to the mixture which is stirred until an emulsion with a viscosity of 10.30 mPa.s for example is obtained, which defines the product according to

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 the invention, which can be packaged in stainless steel containers, hermetically closed and stored in a cold room until reconditioning, with constant stirring.

The product according to the invention is also in the form of solutions of different viscosities in electric diffusers, it can also be used in the composition of candles intended to repel insects such as flies, mosquitoes and wasps or in the composition of devices intended to be consumed by incandescence, it can also and without this example being limiting permeate all natural or synthetic supports such as wipes, diffusion plates, intended to distance, destroy or protect themselves from insects.

According to another embodiment, the product according to the invention mixed with surfactants can enter into the composition of shampoos of soaps, lotions, for all types of domestic animals, at different concentrations depending on the size and the species. of the animals considered.

The product according to the invention can be packaged in containers under pressure of inert gases or in containers provided with devices allowing spraying in the premises.

The tests carried out on the product according to the invention, apart from the usual precautions during its manufacture, have demonstrated that it is non-toxic at the concentrations used, for warm-blooded animals as well as for humans. In addition it is bio-degradable and respects the environment.

The following examples illustrate the insect repellant properties of the product according to the invention: after having retained the aromatic complex of the product according to the invention, it is sprayed on half of a group of 6 horses living outdoors, the other half n not being treated.

It is observed that seasonal insects, such as flies, mosquitoes, horseflies, midges which attack untreated animals, stand at a distance of approximately 2 meters from the treated animals, for a period of approximately 96 hours.

Another example illustrates the insecticidal properties of the product according to the invention.

In a room where they have been attracted, the product according to the invention is directly sprayed on seasonal insects such as flies, midges and other flying insects.

After 5 minutes, we see that the flight of these insects is first disturbed and then 10 minutes later about vital functions are slowed down and then cease permanently.

Another example, insecticide and insect repellant properties of the product according to the invention is illustrated by the following experiment: the product according to the invention as defined is sprayed on the leaves of a plant invaded by aphids.

It is observed on the one hand, that these are struck down as soon as they are in contact with the product according to the invention and that on the other hand, the leaves of the plants are not altered in any way by this contact, which indicates that the product according to the invention is not toxic to the plant.

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 Another example of the insecticidal and repellant properties of the product according to the invention is illustrated by observation under the microscope of the destruction of mites on which it has been sprayed.

Claims (8)

1) Insect repellent and insecticide product characterized in that it is composed of aromatic essences of: - Melaleuca viridiflora - Lavandula latifolia spica - Eucalyptus globulus Cupressus sempervirens - Citrus bergamia - Cedrus atlantica - Pelargonium graveolens Pinus sylvestris - Pogostemon cablinano - Vetiveria - Aniba rosaeodora - Mentha piperita - Foeniculum vulgare - Juniperus communis - Cymbopogon citratus - Melaleuca alternifolia - Laurus nobilis botanically and biologically defined. 2) insect repellant and insecticide according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemically defined molecules are: - valerianic acid - terpineol - cineole - limonene - pinene - bomeol - geraniol - lavandulol - linanol - geranyl acetate - lavandulyl acetate - linalyl acetate - caryophyllene - citronellol globulol - camphene - fenchene - phellandrene - sabinol - furfurol - terpenyl acetate - cymene - sylvestrene - nerol - bergaptene - dipentene - cedrol - cardinene - cedrene - cedrenol - geranic acid - myrtol - perpineol - citral - methone - eugenol - sabinene - l bornyl acetate - patchoulol - benzoic aldehyde - cinnamic aldehyde - vetiverol - vetivone - vetivene - menthol anisal aldehyde - cuminic aldehyde - fenchone - anethone - methylchavirol myrcene- farnesol - terpenyl acetate 3) insect repellant and insecticide according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is in the form of emulsions of different viscosities. 4) insect repellant and insecticide according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is mixed with vegetable oils such as wheat germ and evening primrose, or any other vegetable oil. 5) insect repellant and insecticide according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is diluted in carriers such as demineralized water or any other compatible liquid. 6) insect repellant and insecticide according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is mixed with surfactants used in the composition of shampoos for domestic animals or other. 7) insect repellant and insecticide according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used in the composition of candles, soaps, lotions, the impregnation of wafers, textile wipes, electric or pressurized diffusers intended to keep away or destroy insects. <Desc / Clms Page number 12>  8) Application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, for the repulsion and destruction of all seasonal insects.