FR2851049A1 - Mono-phased current distribution installation testing device for e.g. professional electrician, has two conductors linked to respective supply terminals, where one conductor and commutation unit are in state of rest - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a case (18) with one conductor (19) linked to one supply terminal and a resistive unit, and an earthing conductor (21) links with an earthing terminal. Another conductor (20) is linked to another supply terminal, and commutation units are in a state of rest, outside every control of the organ, where an electric connection is maintained between two conductors (19, 20). The two supply terminals (15, 16) and an earthing terminal (17) are connected respectively to the two supply bounds and to an earthing bound.

Description

CONTROL DEVICE FOR TESTING A DISTRIBUTION FACILITY

CURRENT

  The present invention relates to a control device 5 for testing a current distribution installation comprising at least a first and a second supply line, a ground line, a differential protection device of the supply lines, and at least one electrical outlet which has at least a first and a second supply terminal and an earth terminal respectively connected to the supply lines and to the earth line.

  The invention relates more particularly to a control device comprising, on the one hand, at least a first and a second feed pin and a ground pin for respectively being connected to the first and second feed terminals and at the ground terminal of the socket, and secondly, a housing comprising a first conductor connected to the first pin 20 and having at least one resistive element, a ground conductor connected to the earth pin, and means of switching adapted to take at least one active state, following the actuation of at least one control member, for which they establishes an electrical connection 25 between the first conductor and the earth conductor.

  In order to limit electrical accidents and electrocutions of people, the power distribution systems of differential protection devices are increasingly equipped. These protection devices 30 made using a differential circuit breaker or a differential switch make it possible to turn off a power distribution installation as soon as the difference in intensity between the first line and the second line of d '. power exceeds a certain threshold. For example, to protect the whole of a domestic installation, a 500 mA differential circuit breaker is generally used. However, this value of 500 mA corresponds to a nominal value given by the manufacturer and in practice the actual tripping threshold of such a circuit breaker is between 250 mA and 400 mA. To protect a part of the circuit where the risks of electrocution are particularly high as in a bathroom, a 30 mA differential switch is preferably used which generally cuts off the power supply as soon as the difference in intensity between supply lines exceeds 15 mA.

  The operation of the circuit breakers or the differential switches themselves is quite reliable, however, for the protection to be effective, they must be correctly installed and the installation must be fault free. In particular, it is necessary that: - the earth terminal of the outlets is actually connected to the earth line; - the land line has no defect of continuity; and that - the grounding does not have too much resistance.

  Good grounding is considered to have a resistance of less than 50 Ω. Because of these multiple fault sources, it is preferable to test each outlet once the installation is complete or after any intervention on the installation. .

  For this, there are devices to test the differential protection very accurately, but in general these devices are sophisticated measuring devices that also serve to help diagnose the cause of the malfunction. The complexity of use and the high price of these devices mean that their use is not widespread and reserved for professionals.

  There are other simpler and therefore less expensive devices which make it possible to test a differential protection by creating a leakage current through a resistance between the phase and the earth by means of a pushbutton. US-A-3 984 765 discloses such a device.

  But these latter devices are not sufficiently precise to ensure that the differential protection of the distribution network is perfectly effective. Indeed, it was found that with these devices the leakage current created could reach a peak of intensity much higher than the intensity of the threshold 15 of tripping the differential circuit breaker. They therefore do not make it possible to reliably guarantee the operation of the differential protection for a current leak slightly greater than or equal to the tripping threshold. However, the protection devices, such as for example the 30 mA differential switches, must operate as soon as the leakage current reaches the tripping threshold to avoid electrocution of people.

  It is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above by providing an accurate control device which reliably tests the current distribution installations. This control device must also be particularly simple to use and inexpensive in order to be usable by a wide audience and not reserved for professional electricians.

  For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a control device of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises a second conductor connected to the second pin and in that the switching means are adapted to remain in a state of rest. , apart from any actuation of the control member, wherein they provide an electrical connection between said first and second conductors.

  With this arrangement, the resistive element is traversed by a current before the actual test phase which consists in creating a leakage current in the installation. The resistive element thus reaches an established operating regime, that is to say that its ohmic resistivity has reached a stable and known value. This makes it possible to overcome transient problems that may be related to the temperature rise of a resistor or a filament. By virtue of the invention and by correctly choosing the steady-state resistance of the resistive element, it can be ensured that the differential protection device performs its function as soon as the difference in intensity in the supply lines exceeds a value slightly higher than the triggering threshold.

  In preferred embodiments of the invention, one or more of the following features are also employed: - the resistive element of the first conductor is a filament lamp; the housing comprises ventilation apertures; the switching means are adapted to first establish the electrical connection between the first conductor and the earth conductor and then to interrupt the electrical connection between the first and the second conductor during the passage. means 30 for switching from the idle state to the active state; the control member and the switching means are formed by a push button; the first conductor comprises several resistive elements of different values connected in parallel and which can be selectively connected to the first pin by a selection member; a light indicator is connected between the first conductor and the earth conductor; an inverter is interposed between on the one hand the first and second pins and, on the other hand, the first and second conductors, said inverter being adapted to take two positions, a normal position for which the first pin is connected to the first conductor and the second pin is connected to the second conductor, and an inverted position for which the first pin is connected to the second conductor and the second pin is connected to the first conductor; the second conductor comprises a resistive element and the switching means are adapted to ensure permanently an electrical connection between the first conductor and said second conductor; the second conductor comprises a resistive element and the switching means are adapted to take, on the one hand, a first active state, following the actuation of a first control member, for which they establish an electrical connection between said second conductor and the earth conductor, and secondly, a second active state, for which they establish an electrical connection between the first conductor and the earth conductor; the resistive element of the second conductor is identical to the resistive element of the first conductor; the control device is intended to test a single-phase alternating current distribution installation comprising a plug having a first power terminal connected to the phase, a second power terminal connected to the neutral and a ground terminal, and it comprises a first spindle, a second spindle and an earth spindle respectively for connecting to the first and second supply terminals, and to the earth terminal, the first and second conductors being respectively connected to the first and second spindles; the housing has a relief of geometric shape complementary to the geometry of a single-phase socket with standard ground, and on which are arranged the phase pins, neutral and earth; the control device is intended for testing a three-phase AC distribution installation comprising a socket which has four supply terminals connected respectively to the three phases and to the neutral, and a ground terminal, and it comprises at least a first pin to be connected to one of the first three terminals, a second pin to be connected to the fourth terminal, and a ground pin, the first conductor connected to said first pin and the second conductor connected to said first pin; second brooch; the control device is intended to test a three-phase AC distribution system having a socket having three supply terminals connected respectively to the three phases and a ground terminal, and it comprises three supply pins and one supply pin. the first conductor being connected to a first supply pin and the second conductor being connected to the second and third supply pins via two resistive elements of substantially equal value to that of the resistive element of the first conductor; the pins are arranged on an adapter which has a first and a second face, said first face having a relief of geometric shape complementary to the geometry of a standard three-phase plug and said pins, said second face having a relief adapted to be removably coupled to the housing and connectors adapted to connect said adapter pins to the housing leads.

  Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a Control device according to a first embodiment of the invention which is connected to a single-phase power distribution installation; FIG. 2 is a front view of a standard single-phase socket; - Figure 3 is a partial schematic view of the control device shown in Figure 1 and connected with an adapter to a three-phase power distribution system with neutral; FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 in which the three-phase power distribution installation does not have a neutral; FIG. 5 is a figure similar to FIG. 1 of a control device according to a second embodiment of the invention; FIG. 6 is a figure similar to FIG. 1 of a control device according to a third embodiment of the invention.

  In the various figures, the same references have been retained to designate identical or similar elements.

  In FIG. 1, there is shown a control device 1 connected to a socket 2 of a current distribution installation 3.

  In this embodiment, it is a 50 Hz 230 V single-phase AC power distribution system having two power lines, a phase line 5 and a neutral line 6, and a power line. 7. The installation 3 also comprises a differential protection device 4 which makes it possible to interrupt the flow of current when the difference in intensity flowing in the two supply lines exceeds a certain threshold. The protection device 4 can be made by a differential circuit breaker or a differential switch said 650 mA, 15 500 mA or 30 mA and whose actual trigger threshold corresponds to about half of these values. The plug 2 comprises a first terminal 9 connected to the phase 5, a second terminal 10 connected to the neutral 6, and a male ground terminal connected to the ground 7. These terminals 9, 10, 11 are integral with a housing 12 or a plastic plate.

  As shown in Figure 2, the housing 12 of the socket has an outer face 12a on which is formed a recess 13 of cylindrical geometry at the bottom of which 25 are arranged the terminals of the socket.

  The female supply terminals 9, 10 are arranged in a diameter of the recess 13 and the earth terminal 10 is located eccentrically, here in the upper part of the recess.

  According to the standards currently in force and the arrangement of the terminals shown in FIG. 2, the phase terminal 9 must be on the right and the neutral terminal 10 must be on the left.

  The control device 1 comprises in this embodiment two male feed pins, a first spindle 15 and a second spindle 16, and a female spindle 17. The pins 15, 16, 17 of the control device are respectively connected with the terminals 9, 10 and 11 of the socket 2, and are integral with a housing 18 forming the body of the control device.

  Inside the housing 18 are arranged a first conductor 19 said phase conductor, connected to the first pin 15, a second conductor 20, said neutral conductor, connected to the second pin 16 and a ground conductor 21 connected to the ground pin 17.

  The first conductor 19 comprises at least one resistive element (24; 25), the value of which is chosen so as to allow the circulation of a current of intensity slightly greater than the intensity of the actual triggering threshold of the differential protection device. 4 when the switching means 22 are in the active state.

  Switching means 22 are adapted to take an active state following the actuation of a control member 23. In this active state, shown schematically in broken lines in FIG. 1, the switching means establish an electrical connection between the first conductor 19 and the ground conductor 21.

  When the control member 23 is not actuated, the switching means 22 remain in a state of rest as shown in FIG.

  According to the invention, the switching means 22 in the idle state provide an electrical connection between the first conductor 19 and the second conductor 20. Thus, the resistive element 24 is traversed by a current before the test phase itself. and quickly reaches an established operating regime. In the test phase of creating a leakage current between the phase conductor 19 and the earth conductor 21, the intensity of the current flowing through the element 24 is substantially constant.

  For example, for the resistive element 24, a 100W filament lamp at 230V is used which has the advantage of being less expensive than a resistor of equivalent power. In the established operating mode, the lamp has a resistance of 529 2 and is traversed by a current of 430 mA which is sufficient to trigger a 500 mA or 650 mA differential circuit breaker.

  On the other hand, the resistance of such a lamp when the filament is at 20 OC, is about 40 Q. The low resistance at ambient temperature of the filament creates a peak of intensity of current during a transitory period of a few milliseconds necessary for that the filament 15 becomes incandescent. During this transitional period, the current may exceed 5 A and therefore the operation of the differential protection device can not be verified reliably from the nominal value given by the manufacturer.

  According to a particularly advantageous arrangement, the switching means 22 first establish the electrical connection between the first conductor 19 and the earth conductor 22, and then interrupt the electrical connection between the first conductor 19 and the second conductor 20 during the passage switching means 22 from the idle state to the active state. Thus, the resistive element 24 is constantly traversed by a current.

  An electric push-button enables the control member 23 and the switching means 22 to be made at a lower cost. The metal element of the push-button may be in the form of an angular sector or a curved blade for on an intermediate part of its travel, it ensures contact between the neutral conductor 22 and the earth conductor 21. However, it is also possible for the push-button 23 to control an electromechanical relay which makes it possible to switch the switching means rapidly. the state of rest in the active state.

  The housing 18 has ventilation apertures 27, preferably arranged near the resistive elements, to evacuate the heat produced therefrom.

  In order to be able to test differential protection devices having different tripping thresholds, the first conductor 19 comprises a second resistive element 25 arranged in parallel with the first resistive element 24 and which can be connected to the first supply pin by an element 28 formed in the embodiment shown by a rocker.

  For the second resistive element 25, it is possible to use a resistor of 8,200 Ω which makes it possible to test a differential switch of 30 mA.

  A LED type indicator light, or neon lamp, is disposed between the first conductor 19 and the earth conductor 21. This indicator light 30 makes it possible to ensure that the first pin 15 is connected to the phase 5 of the power distribution installation. Indeed, it frequently happens that the first terminals 9 and the second terminal 10 of the socket 2 have been inverted when connected to the supply lines (5, 6). In this case, the indicator light 30 does not come on and so it signals that the control device is inoperative. It should be noted that the resistance of the indicator light must be high so that the leakage current between the phase and the neutral thus created is much lower than the tripping threshold of the protection device 4, and a resistor 31 may be mounted in series. limit this leakage current. The value of the resistive elements (24, 25) can be chosen taking into account the leakage current created by the indicator light.

  Advantageously, the control device comprises an inverter 33 disposed between the first and second conductors (19,20) and the supply pins (15,16). In the normal position, as shown in FIG. 1, the inverter 33 establishes a connection between the first pin 15 and the first conductor 19 and the second pin 16 and the second conductor. 20. In order to be able to test the distribution installation even if the supply terminals 9, 10 of the tap have been inverted, the inverter 33 can take a second position called inverted position for which it establishes a connection between, on the one hand, the first pin 15 and the second conductor 20 and, on the other hand, a connection between the second pin 16 and the first conductor 19.

  Preferably, the pins 15, 16, 17 are arranged on a relief 18a of the housing 18 which has a geometry complementary to that of a standard single-phase socket. But of course, the pins can be mounted on a plug connected to the housing 18 by an electrical cord.

  To verify that the power distribution system 3 is correctly protected by the differential protection device 4, the pins of the control device 1 must be inserted into the socket 2. If the terminals of the socket are correctly connected and the Inverter is in normal position, the indicator light 30 should light up. If the indicator light does not illuminate, the user can place the switch in the inverted position. 30 If the indicator light still does not come on, it means that plug 2 is not connected to the installation or the installation is switched off. If the indicator light 30 illuminates when the inverter is in the inverted position, it means that the terminals 9 and 10 35 of power supply of the socket are reversed, but nevertheless the user can continue the control of the installation.

  For this, he places the selector 28 on the position corresponding to the tripping intensity threshold of the protection device 4. For example, in the embodiment shown, the differential circuit breaker 4 has a nominal tripping threshold of 500 mA and the selection member 28 provides a connection between the first pin 15 and the lamp 24. The switching means 22 being in the state of rest, the lamp 24 is traversed by a current and thus its filament reaches very quickly its temperature normal operation. Then the user actuates the control member 23 and the switching means 22 establish a leakage current between the first conductor 19 and the earth conductor 21. Since the lamp has already reached an established operating speed, the intensity leakage current is constant and substantially equal to 430 mA.

  If the electrical installation does not have a fault, this leakage current is sufficient to trigger a 500 mA or 650 mA differential circuit breaker within a period of between 10 and 50 mS depending on the type of GFCI. The shutdown of the installation can be checked by means of the indicator light 30. However, if the protective device 4 has not tripped, it is necessary to call upon a professional electrician who can determine the fault of the installation using measuring devices.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the previously described control device 1 can be used to test a three-phase power distribution system. The socket 2 of this installation comprises four power supply terminals (9a, 9b, 9c, 10) respectively connected to the three phases (5a, 5b, 5c) and to the neutral line 6. The socket 2 also has a terminal of earth connected to the land line 7.

  The first pin 15 of the control device is connected to the first power supply terminal 9a, the second pin 16 is connected to the neutral terminal 10 and the ground pin 17 is connected to the earth terminal 11 of the socket.

  Preferably, the connection of the pins (15,16,17) of the control device to the terminals (9a, 10,11) of the socket 2 is provided by an adapter 40. Thus, the control device 1 intended for an installation 10 single phase can be used to test a three phase installation with neutral.

  The adapter 40 has a first face 40a whose relief has a geometric shape complementary to the geometry of a standard three-phase plug. On this first face 40a are arranged connectors (41a, 41b, 41c) adapted to be engaged in the terminals (9a, 10,11) of the socket 2. The adapter 40 also comprises a second face 40b which has a relief adapted to be detachably coupled to the housing 18 of the control device. This second face 40b is provided with a second series of connectors 42 into which can be engaged the pins (15,16,17) of the control device. The first connectors (41a, 41b, 41c) of the adapter are connected to the second connectors 42 so as to connect the pins (15, 16, 17) to the corresponding terminals of the socket.

  The control device 1 can also be equipped with another adapter 40 as shown in FIG. 4, which makes it possible to test a plug 2 connected to a three-phase installation that has no neutral. Such outlets are used to power three-phase electric motors.

  In this embodiment, the adapter 40 connects the first pin 15 of the control device to a first terminal 9a of the three-phase plug 2 via the connector 41a. The ground pin 17 is connected to the ground terminal 11 via the connector 41d. The second power pin 16 is connected to the second power supply terminal 9b of the socket through a first resistor 43 and to the third power supply terminal 9c through a second resistor 44 via the connectors (41b, 41c). . The value of the resistors 43 and 44 is chosen to be identical to the value of the resistive element 24. Thus, the control device 1 plus adapter 40 10 forms a balanced current consumer over the three phases. This makes it possible to circulate a current through the resistive element 24 before the actual test phase, without triggering the differential protection device, so that the resistive element 24 reaches a steady state of operation.

  Of course, when the user actuates the control member 23, the switching means 22 create a leakage current between the first phase 5a and the earth 7, which normally triggers the differential protection device 4. for the previous embodiment, the adapter 40 has a first face 40a geometry complementary to a three-phase plug without standard neutral and a second face 40b adapted to be coupled to the housing 18 of the control device.

  FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the control device 1. In this embodiment, the second conductor 20 comprises a resistive element 45. This resistive element 45 is preferably identical to the resistive element 24 of the first driver 19.

  For example, the resistive elements 24 and 45 can be made by two identical filament lamps Watts.

  As for the previous embodiment, the switching means 22 are adapted to provide an electrical connection between the first conductor 19 and the second conductor 20. However, in this embodiment, the switching means 22 comprise an electrical connection 22a. which ensures a permanent connection 5 between the first conductor 19 and the second conductor 20. The switching means 22 furthermore comprise a switch 22b

  controlled by the control member 23 and arranged between the electrical connection 22a and the earth conductor 21. In the state of rest, that is to say outside of any actuation of the control member 23, the switch 22b is open. When the switching means are switched to the active state, the switch 22b is closed so as to establish an electrical connection between the earth conductor 21 and the first and second conductors (19, 20) which are electrically connected to each other Permanently.

  This embodiment has the advantage of creating a leakage current between the phase line 5 of the distribution network and the ground line 7 even if the phase and the neutral have been inverted connected to the terminals (15, 16 ) The control device 2 can be made at a lower cost because it no longer requires inverter or control lamp.

  Before the actual test phase, the lamps 25 (24,45), which are connected in series between the phase and the neutral, do not dissipate their nominal power of 100 Watts, but a power of approximately 35 Watts which allows to wear the filaments red. In this state, the filaments of the lamps have a resistance of about 380 ° which is significantly greater than the resistance of Q obtained when the filament is at ambient temperature. Thus, it avoids the occurrence of a peak intensity of the leakage current during the passage of switching means 22 to the active state. 3 5

  In order for the leakage current created between the phase and the earth to be large enough to trigger the differential protection device, it is necessary that the grounding be of good quality, that is to say that it has a resistance rather weak. For example, with a grounding having a resistance of 40Ω, a leakage current of 320mA is obtained which is sufficient to trip most 500mA differential circuit breakers.

  FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of the control device 1 for which the second conductor 20 also comprises a resistive element 45. In this third embodiment, the switching means 22 comprise a first switch 22c controlled by a first controller 23a, a second switch 22d controlled by a second controller 23b and an electrical link 22a connecting the first and second switches (22c, 22d).

  Apart from any actuation of the control members (23a, 23b), the first and second switches 22c, 22d respectively provide an electrical connection between the first conductor 19 and the electrical line 22a and between the second conductor 20 and the power line 22a. . Thus, in the quiescent state, the resistive elements 24, 45 are traversed by a current and have a resistance of about 380 Q. The first switch 22c is adapted to establish an electrical connection between the line 22a and the conductor. ground 21 upon actuation of the first control member 23a and the second switch 22d is adapted to establish a connection between the power line 22a and the ground conductor 21 upon actuation of the second control member 23b. Thus, the switching means 22 can take on the one hand, a first active state following the actuation of the first control member 23a for which they establish an electrical connection between the second conductor 20 and the earth conductor 21, and on the other hand, a second active state for which they establish an electrical connection between the first conductor 19 and the earth conductor 31.

  The intensity of the leakage currents thus created towards the ground line 7 is limited by the resistive element 24 or the resistive element 25 which are preferably identical.

  If the terminal 9 of the socket 2 is correctly connected to the phase line 5, the actuation of the second control member 23b must trigger the differential protection device 4. However, if the differential protection device does not trip, it suffices to actuate the first control member 23a to check that the non-tripping is due to a simple inversion of the connections of the terminals (9, 10) of the tap to the phase and neutral lines 6 and 6.

  This third embodiment does not require an inverter but still makes it possible to detect an inversion of the phase and neutral terminals (15, 16) of the tap. In addition, the intensity of the leakage current created is less sensitive to the value of the resistance of the grounding than for the second embodiment.

  Note that the control devices made according to the second and third embodiments can also be used to test a three-phase distribution network using the adapter 40 previously described.

  The control device according to the various embodiments of the invention makes it possible to reliably test different types of power distribution installations. In addition, its simple structure, which has no sophisticated electronic component, allows it to be produced at a reasonable cost.

Claims (16)

  A control device for testing a current distribution installation comprising at least first and second supply lines (5, 6), a ground line (7), a differential protection device (4), supply lines, and at least one electrical socket (2) which has at least a first 10 and a second supply terminal (9, 10) and an earth terminal (11) respectively connected to the supply lines and to the the ground line, said device comprising firstly at least a first and a second feed pin (15, 16) and an earth pin (17) intended to be respectively connected to the first and second feed terminals , and at the earth terminal, and secondly, a housing (18) comprising a first conductor (19) connected to the first pin (15) and having at least one resistive element (24), a ground conductor (21) connects the ground pin, and switching means (22) adapted to take at least one active state, following the actuation of at least one control member (23), for which they establish an electrical connection between the first conductor and the earth conductor, characterized in that it comprises a second conductor (20) connected to the second pin (16), and in that the switching means (22) are adapted to remain in a state of rest, apart from any actuation of the organ in which they provide an electrical connection between said first and second conductors (19,20).   2. Control device according to the claims   1, wherein the resistive element (24) of the first conductor (19) is a filament lamp.   3. Control device according to claim 2, wherein the housing (18) has ventilation apertures (27). 4. Control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the switching means (22) are adapted to first establish the electrical connection between the first conductor (19) and the earth conductor ( 21), and then interrupt the electrical connection between the first conductor (19) and the second conductor (20) during the passage of switching means 10 from the idle state to the active state.   5. Control device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the control member (23) and the switching means (22) are formed by a push-button.   6. Control device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first conductor (19) comprises a plurality of resistive elements (24,25) of different values connected in parallel and which can be selectively connected to the first pin ( 15) by a selection member (28).   7. Control device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a light indicator (30) is connected between the first conductor (19) and the ground conductor (21).   8. Control device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an inverter (33) is interposed between on the one hand, the first and second pins (15,16) and, on the other hand, the first and second conductors (19,20), said inverter being adapted to assume two positions, a normal position for which the first pin (15) is connected to the first conductor (19) and the second pin (16) is connected to the second conductor (20), and an inverted position for which the first pin is connected to the second conductor and the second pin is connected to the first conductor.   9. Control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second conductor (20) comprises a resistive element (45) and wherein the switching means (22) are adapted to ensure permanently a electrical connection between the first conductor (19) and said second conductor (20).   10. Control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second conductor (20) comprises a resistive element (45) and wherein the switching means (22) are adapted to take, a part, a first active state, following the actuation of a first control member (23a), for which they establish an electrical connection between said second conductor (20) and the earth conductor (21), and on the other hand, a second active state, for which they establish an electrical connection between the first conductor (19) and the earth conductor.   11. Control device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the resistive element (45) of the second conductor (20) is identical to the resistive element (24) of the first conductor (19).   12. Control device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and for testing a single-phase AC distribution installation comprising a plug (2) which has a first power supply terminal (9) connected to the phase a second power supply terminal (10) connected to the neutral and a ground terminal (11), characterized in that it comprises a first pin (15), a second pin (16) and a ground pin (17). ) for respectively being connected to the first and second supply terminals, and to the earth terminal, the first and second conductors (19,20) being respectively connected to the first and second pins (15,16).   13. Control device according to claim 12, wherein the housing (12) has a relief (12a) of geometric shape complementary to the geometry of a single-phase socket with standard earth (2), and on which the pins are arranged. phase (15), neutral (16) and earth (17).   14. Control device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and intended to test a three-phase AC distribution system having a plug (2) which has four power supply terminals (9a, 9b, 9c, 10). ) respectively connected to the three phases (5a, 5b, 5c) and to the neutral (6), and a ground terminal (11), characterized in that it comprises at least a first pin (41a) intended to be connected to the one of the first three terminals (9a, 9b, 9c), a second pin (41b) to be connected to the fourth terminal (10), and a ground pin (41c), the first conductor (19) being connected said first pin (41a) and the second conductor (20) being connected to said second pin (41b). 20 15. Control device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and intended to test a three-phase AC distribution system comprising a plug (2) which has three power terminals (9a, 9b, 9c) connected respectively to the three phases (5a, 5b, 5c) and a ground terminal, characterized in that it comprises three power supply pins (41a, 41b, 41c) and an earth pin (41d) intended to be respectively connected to the three power supply terminals and to the earth terminal, the first conductor (19) being connected to a first supply pin (41a) and the second conductor (20) being connected to the second and third supply pins (41b 41c) via two resistive elements (43,44) of substantially equal value to that of the resistive element (24) of the first conductor.   16. Control device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the pins (41a, 41b, 41c, 41d) are arranged on an adapter (40) having a first and a second face (40a, 40b), said first face 5 comprising a relief of geometric shape complementary to the geometry of a standard three-phase plug (2) and said pins (41a, 41b, 41c, 41d), said second face (40b) of the adapter comprising a relief adapted to be coupled removably to the housing (18) and connectors (42) adapted to connect said adapter pins to the conductors (19,20,21) of the housing.