FR2850927A1 - Brake cylinder for vehicle e.g. goods truck, has modules of identical construction, where each module has piston unit activated by compressed fluid and coupled to apply force in same direction - Google Patents

Abstract

The cylinder has modules (1, 2, 4, 6), where two modules are of identical construction and have a piston unit (14). The piston units are passed into a hollow shaft (12) of the cylinder, are activated by a compressed fluid and are coupled in order to apply a force and to act in the same direction. The modules are mounted one behind the other coaxially in series.

Description

BRAKE CYLINDER OF A VEHICLE ON TRACKS CONSISTING OF MODULES

  The invention relates to a brake cylinder of a rail vehicle which can consist of any number of brake cylinder modules.

  DE 44 09 867 Cl discloses a single brake cylinder for rail vehicles, in which is guided a rigid piston actuating a shoe brake. Depending on the size, the type of construction and the load of the rail vehicle, the range of the braking force provided by the brake cylinder varies and this is why brake cylinders of dimensions have hitherto been used. and of different diameters.

  The present invention relates to a brake cylinder for rail vehicles, which can be used universally while having manufacturing costs which are low.

  The subject of the invention is therefore a brake cylinder of a rail vehicle, in particular of a freight wagon, which may consist of any number of brake cylinder modules, characterized in that among them at least two brake cylinder modules are of identical construction and comprise a piston element which passes through a cylinder sleeve, which is actuated by compressed fluid and which is coupled, so as to apply a force and to act in the same direction, to at least one piston element of a neighboring brake cylinder module. By the expression "of identical construction" is meant that all the constituent elements of a brake cylinder module, such as, for example, the piston element and the cylinder sleeve, are identical parts to the corresponding parts d '' another brake cylinder module of identical construction, i.e. they have the same geometry and the same connection dimensions, so that an exchange of the components of the construction brake cylinder modules identical is possible between them. Depending on the number of brake cylinder modules 30 which can be removably attached to one another, a range of braking forces required at each end of use in the context of an active brake or a range of forces may be formed. brake release required in the case of a passive accumulator spring brake, the force which can be supplied increases in the direction of an addition of 35 forces as the number of cylinder modules increases of brake. Consequently, a brake cylinder having a very wide force range can be constituted by standardized brake cylinder modules, obtaining small manufacturing costs due to the effect of numbers.

  Especially in rail vehicles with small wheel diameters, the construction space available for the brake cylinder 5 is limited because the distance between the bogie and the rail body is relatively small. The diameter of the brake cylinder mounted on the bogie cannot therefore be chosen as large as desired in order to take account of the requirements of a large braking power of the brake installation. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the brake cylinder modules are mounted one behind the other coaxially in series. Since the braking forces applied by the various brake cylinder modules add up to an overall braking force, it is possible to use several brake cylinder modules mounted axially behind each other and of small diameter to satisfy at the same time the requirements of sufficient braking force and a small construction height.

  Preferably, the brake cylinder further comprises a wear take-up and / or manual braking module having a wear take-up coupled to a piston rod of the brake cylinder and / or to a braking device. manual coupled to the piston rod, module which is constituted for the detachably assembly to a brake cylinder module. The wear take-up and manual braking module then form a basic module to which numerous brake cylinder modules mounted in series can be coupled at will for actuation of the piston rod.

  Preferably, the piston element of a brake cylinder module can be supplied, on the one hand, by the compressed fluid in a pressure chamber formed between it and a bottom of the cylinder sheath arranged perpendicular to an axis of the brake cylinder and is subjected, on the other hand, to at least one spring element. By such an arrangement it is possible, on the one hand, to produce an active brake cylinder in which the braking force is produced by the action of the compressed fluid on the piston element and the spring element simply serves on recall. However, on the other hand, a passive brake cylinder can also be formed in which the braking force is applied by the spring element and the brake is released by supplying the piston element 35 with compressed fluid.

  According to an improvement, the at least one spring element of a brake cylinder module rests, on the one hand, on the piston element and, on the other hand, on a cylinder sheath of the cylinder module neighboring brake.

  It is thus possible to dispense with a counter-support of the spring element in the associated brake cylinder module, which simplifies the structure thereof.

  Preferably, the at least one spring element is formed by a conical helical spring. A conical helical spring can be very well compressed due to the radially interpenetrating turns and that is why the axial construction space required for the helical spring 10 is extremely small. As a result, a brake cylinder made up of conical coil spring brake cylinder modules can be very short.

  According to an improvement, the piston elements of the brake cylinder modules are formed in an annular manner, an inner edge 15 which is radially connected respectively to a member in the form of a force transmission rod which rests axially on the member in form of the force transmission rod of at least one neighboring brake cylinder module.

  By the support of the force transmitting elements, the force produced by the piston element of a brake cylinder can be transmitted to the force transmitting element of the respectively adjacent brake cylinder module.

  Preferably, the element in the form of a force transmission rod passes through a central opening in the bottom of the cylinder sheath of the brake cylinder module and is received there tightly to seal the pressure chamber of the module outwards. brake cylinder.

  It is intended that the force transmission elements of the brake cylinder modules are formed by cylindrical piston sleeves, which are held on a cylindrical centering piece and which are coupled thereto in a rigid manner at least axially. . By means of the centering piece, brake cylinder modules arranged one after the other are aligned with one another and centered. Preferably, the cylindrical centering piece is formed by a centering tube which is coupled to the piston rod of the brake cylinder which transmits the braking force produced by the brake cylinder modules mounted one next to the other, for example on one or more shoes of a shoe brake.

  According to an improvement, at least part of a spindle of the play take-up device is received inside the centering tube. This arrangement contributes to the fact that the brake cylinder according to the invention can be short.

  Preferably, one end, remote from the wear take-up device, of the centering tube has a radially outer annular collar 5 serving as a stop for the piston sleeve of a last brake cylinder module and the other end is screwed into an envelope of the wear take-up device which is provided on the side facing the centering tube with an annular stop for the piston sleeve of the first brake cylinder module. The piston sleeves of the various brake cylinder modules 10 can thus be locked axially mutually on the centering tube and at the same time be rigidly assembled axially to the centering tube.

  According to a first embodiment, at least some of the piston elements are formed by rigid annular pistons which pass in leaktight manner inside the cylinder sheath. As a variant, at least some of the piston elements are formed in the form of annular membranes tightened on their outer edge radially between the cylinder sleeves of neighboring brake cylinder modules. This has the advantage over the first embodiment that a machined piston bearing surface can be omitted. In addition, the seals between the various brake cylinder modules advantageously serve at the same time as the clamping surface of the annular diaphragm. The blocking force for the intermediate clamping of the annular diaphragm is applied, for example, by tie rods arranged on the periphery of the brake cylinder and by which the cylinder sleeves of the brake cylinder modules are held together.

  Advantageously, the brake cylinder comprises at least one channel for compressed fluid, which extends over all the brake cylinder modules and which is composed of channel sections for compressed fluid 30 formed individually in the sleeves of cylinder of the brake cylinder modules and aligned with each other, the compressed fluid channel section communicates with the pressure chamber of the respective brake cylinder module.

  Drawings Examples of embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and will be explained more precisely in the description which follows. In the drawings: FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a brake cylinder made up of several brake cylinder modules according to a first embodiment of the invention; 2 shows an individual module of the brake cylinder of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a perspective view of the brake cylinder of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a perspective view with partial cutaway of the brake cylinder of Figure 1; FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a brake cylinder made up of several brake cylinder modules according to a second embodiment of the invention; Figure 6 is a perspective view of the brake cylinder of Figure 5 having a protective casing.

  Description of the exemplary embodiments FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a brake cylinder 8 of a rail vehicle, in particular of a freight wagon, which can be composed, for example, of four brake cylinder modules 1, 2, 4, 6. Among the four brake cylinder modules 1, 2, 4, 6, preferably three brake cylinder modules are of identical construction, i.e., seen from the left, modules 1, 2 and 4 of brake cylinder. The brake cylinder module 6 disposed at the right end of the brake cylinder 8 forms a closure module and is distinguished from the others, among others, by the geometry of its cylinder sheath 10. However, this brake cylinder module 6 could also be produced by having a construction 30 identical to the other brake cylinder modules 1, 2 and 4, so that in this case, all the four modules 1, 2, 4, 6 of the brake cylinder 8 would be of identical construction. According to the invention, among a certain number of n brake cylinder modules at least two, preferably n-1, brake cylinder modules or all the n brake cylinder modules have an identical construction. The brake cylinder modules 1, 2, 4 and 6 are preferably arranged one behind the other according to an axial series connection, but a purely parallel connection or also a combination of a parallel and series connection is possible.

  FIG. 2 shows a module 2 for the brake cylinder of the modules 1, 2, 4 of the brake cylinder of identical construction, which comprises at least one piston element passing through a cylinder sheath 12 and actuated by fluid. compressed by having for example, the shape of a rigid annular piston 14 which is guided linearly along a cylindrical surface 16 of rolling of the cylinder sheath 12. The annular piston 14 separates an inner part of the cylinder sleeve 12 into a chamber 22 under pressure, which can be supplied with compressed fluid and which is formed between the sleeve and a bottom 20 of the sleeve 12 arranged perpendicular to an axis 18 of the cylinder brake and an empty chamber 24 at atmospheric pressure. By supplying pressure to the chamber 22 under pressure, the annular piston 14 is made to slide in the axial direction 15 against the action of atmospheric pressure and a spring element 26 supported on its face remote from the chamber 22 under pressure. To seal the chamber 22 under pressure with respect to the empty space 24, it is formed on an edge 28, radially and forwardly outside, of the annular piston 14, an annular shoulder 30 for receiving a lining 32 20 elastic going around. The outer edge 28 radially and towards the front which is distant from the pressure chamber 22 further forms an abutment surface for the annular piston 14 on the bottom 20 of the module 1 of the neighboring brake cylinder. A radially inner edge 34 of the annular piston 14 is connected to an element 36 in the form of a force transmission rod, for example by the fact that the annular piston 14 is pushed back on one end of a cylindrical piston sleeve 36 forming the 'force transmission element. At least the sheath 12 of the cylinder and the annular piston 14 are preferably made of aluminum.

  The cylindrical piston sleeve 36 passes through a central opening 38 30 in the bottom 20 of the sheath 12 of the cylinder of the brake cylinder module 2 and is received there tightly by means of a lining 40. On the spring side, the sheath 12 of the cylinder is open and surrounds the empty chamber 24. The spring element is formed, for example, by a conical helical spring 26 which rests on one side on the annular piston 14 and on the other side on the cylinder sheath 12 of the module 1 of the brake cylinder neighbor, as shown in Figure 1. In particular, the smaller diameter end of the helical spring 26 enters a recess 42 formed on the annular piston 14 and the larger diameter end in a recess 44 formed on the far side of the annular piston 14, of the bottom 20, of the module 1 of neighboring brake cylinder.

  The cylindrical piston sleeve 36 of the brake cylinder modules 1, 2, 4 penetrates respectively into the chamber 24 empty and under the atmospheric pressure of the cylinder sleeve 10, 12 of the cylinder of the neighboring brake cylinder module and is supported on the front side on their piston sleeves 36.

  The set of piston sleeves 36 of the four modules 1, 2, 4, 6 of 10 brake cylinders are held coaxially with the axis 18 of the brake cylinder on a cylindrical centering piece 46 and are coupled thereto. rigidly at least axially. The cylindrical centering piece is formed, for example, by a centering tube 46 which is assembled to the piston rod 48 of the brake cylinder 8, a rod which is provided on the end side of a head 52 comprising a articulation eyelet 50. Unlike the cylinder sheaths 12 of modules 1, 2, 4 of brake cylinders of identical construction, the cylinder sheath 10 of module 6 of brake cylinders has, on the side remote from the annular piston 14, an axial extension 5 also provided with an articulation eyelet 54 by which the brake cylinder 8 can be articulated, for example, to a bogie or to a brake shoe. But the cylinder sheath 10 of the module 6 of the outer brake cylinder on the right, could also be produced in an identical manner to the cylinder sheath 12 of the other three modules 1, 2, 4 of the brake cylinder and the joint eye 54 be formed, for example, on a cover mounted on this cylinder sleeve 10.

  The brake cylinder 8 preferably has a wear take-up device 58 and a manual braking device 60 having an involute cam disc and quick-apply cams which are described, for example , in DE 44 09 867 Cl. The functions and the structure of the wear take-up device and of the manual braking device are also known from the mentioned document to which reference is expressly made in the present application. Alternatively, there could also be only one device 58 for compensating for wear or one device 60 for manual braking.

  The wear take-up device 58 and the manual braking device 60 are surrounded by a wear take-up and manual braking module 62 mounted on the first brake cylinder module 1 in the casing 64 from which protrudes the piston rod 48 of the brake cylinder 8 on the side moving away from the brake cylinder modules 1, 2, 4. By the wear take-up device 58 coupled to the piston rod 48 or by the manual braking device 60 coupled to the piston rod 48, it is possible, in addition to actuation by the compressed fluid, also mechanical actuation of the brake cylinder 8, for example manually.

  According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the wear take-up device 58 and the manual braking device 60 are interposed axially between the centering tube 46 and the head 52 of the rod. One end, remote from the wear take-up device 58, of the centering tube 46 has a radially outer annular collar 66 serving as a stop for the piston sleeve 36 of the exterior module 6 to the right of the brake cylinder and the other end of the centering tube 46 is screwed into an envelope 68 of the wear take-up device 58, which is provided on its side facing the centering tube 46 with an annular stop 70 for the piston sleeve 56 of the module 1 of outer brake cylinder on the left. Consequently, when the centering tube 46 is screwed into the casing 68 of the wear take-up device 58, the set of piston sleeves 36 which are pushed therein is mutually axially blocked, so that the pistons 14 rings placed on the piston sleeves 36 of the brake cylinder modules 1, 2, 4 and 6 are coupled together by applying force and acting in the same direction and, in addition, the front surfaces of the sleeves 10, 12 brake cylinder modules 1, 2, 4 and 6 come together. As can be seen from FIG. 1, a projecting part of the casing 64 of the wear module and manual brake, of a pin 72 of the device 58 for taking up wear is received, in addition, at the inside the centering tube 46.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the cylinder sleeves 10, 12 of the assembled brake cylinder modules 1, 2, 4 and 6 are held together by tie rods 74 arranged on the periphery, fixed on the one hand to the casing 64 of the wear and manual braking module and, on the other hand, blocked on the cylinder sheath 10 of the module 6 of the outer brake cylinder on the right by nuts 76.

  As best seen in Figure 4, the brake cylinder 8 has at least one channel 78 for compressed fluid, which extends over all modules 1, 2, 4, 6 of the brake cylinder and which is composed 80 channel sections for 35 of the compressed fluid formed in the sleeves 10, 12 of the modules 1, 2, 4 and 6 of the brake cylinder and aligned with each other. The sections 80 of the channel for compressed fluid are preferably arranged on the periphery of the cylinder sleeves 10, 12 of the modules 1, 2, 4, 6 of the brake cylinder and communicate with the pressure chamber of the module 1, 2 , 4, 6 respective brake cylinder. Between the front surfaces of the cylinder liners 10, 12 of the brake cylinder modules 1, 2, 4, 6 are inserted seals, preferably O-rings 82 to seal the channel 78 for compressed fluid. The channel 78 for compressed fluid communicates with a compressed air supply, which is not shown for reasons of scale, and is used to supply and purge the pressure chambers 22. In addition, each empty chamber 24 of a module 1, 2, 4, 6 of the brake cylinder communicates through a through hole 84 formed in the wall of the cylinder sheath 10, 12 with the atmosphere (FIG. 1).

  The brake cylinder is preferably an active pneumatic brake cylinder in which the braking force is produced by increasing the pressure in the pressure chambers 22 of the brake cylinder modules 1, 2, 4, 6 and the helical springs 26 are used simply to recall the annular pistons 14. On this basis, the operating mode of the brake cylinder 8 is as follows: By purging the pressure chambers 22 synchronously, the annular pistons 14 are moved in FIG. 1 to the left until the edge 28 radially forward going to abut on the sheath 12 of the cylinder of the neighboring brake cylinder module and until the helical springs 26 are in the compressed state, as indicated by the representation in dashed lines Figure 1. The air in the 25 empty chambers 24 is thus discharged to the outside through the passage holes 84. The annular pistons 14 transmit the pressure force which acts on them to the piston sleeves 36, which, for their part, are rigidly connected axially to the centering tube 46. The latter again transmits the movement to the casing 68 of the wear take-up device 58, which is coupled to the piston rod 48 which then comes out and which actuates the shoe brake. When the pressure chambers 22 are purged, the helical springs 26 push the annular pistons 14 against the decreasing pressure, in the right position, and thus release the shoe brake. According to another possibility, the brake cylinder 8 could also be produced in the form of a passive accumulator spring cylinder.

  In the second embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 5, the parts which are the same and which act in the same way as in the previous example are characterized by the same reference signs. As piston element, flexible annular membranes 5 86 are used in this case, clamped on their outer edge radially between the brake cylinder sleeves 10, 12 of modules 1, 2, 4, 6 of neighboring brake cylinders. Unlike the rigid annular pistons 14 of the first embodiment, the radially outer edge 88 of the annular membranes 86 is fixed by the fact that it is clamped between the front surfaces of the sleeves 10, 10 12 of cylinder of two modules 1, 2, 4, 6 of neighboring brake cylinders. In addition, the radially inner edge 90 of an annular membrane 86 is clamped between a braided support ring 92 on the piston sleeve 36 and a collar 94 projecting radially away from the piston sleeve 36. The support ring 92 is mounted downstream of the annular membrane 86 relative to the pressure chamber 22 and has, on the side facing the empty chamber 24, a housing 42 for the helical spring 26. When the pressure chamber 22 is vented, only the radially inner part of the annular membranes 86 respectively is put together with the support ring 92 in the brake application position. The brake cylinder 8 may be surrounded by a protective casing 96 provided with recesses which prevents, in particular, that dirt or spray water does not penetrate the holes 84 passing through the empty chambers 24 ( figure 6). he

  List of Figures 1 Brake cylinder module 2 Brake cylinder module 4 Brake cylinder module 6 Brake cylinder module 8 Brake cylinder Cylinder sleeve 12 Cylinder sleeve 14 Annular piston 16 Rolling surface 18 Cylinder axis brake Bottom 22 Pressure chamber 24 Empty chamber 26 Spring element 28 Edge Annular shoulder 32 Sealing ring around 34 Edge 36 Piston sleeve 38 Opening Sealing seal 42 Recess 44 Recess 46 Centering tube 48 Piston rod Eyelet joint 52 Rod head 54 î Joint eye 56 Extension 58 Wear take-up device Manual brake device 62 Wear take-up and manual brake module 64 Wear take-up and manual brake module cover 66 Annular collar 68 Envelope Stopper 72 Pin 74 Tie rod 76 Nut 78 Channel for compressed fluid Channel section for compressed fluid 82 O-ring 84 T passageway 86 Annular membrane 88 Edge Edge 92 Support ring 94 Collar 96 Protective cover

Claims (17)

  1. Brake cylinder of a rail vehicle, in particular of a freight wagon, which may consist of any number of modules 5 (1, 2, 4, 6) of brake cylinder, characterized in that among them at least two brake cylinder modules (1, 2, 4) are of identical construction and include a piston element (14; 86) which passes through a cylinder sleeve (12), which is actuated by compressed fluid and which is coupled so as to apply a force and act in the same direction, to at least one element (14 10 86) of a piston of a module (1, 2, 4, 6) adjacent to the brake cylinder.   2. Brake cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake cylinder modules (1, 2, 4, 6) are mounted one behind the other coaxially in series.   3. Brake cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises, in addition, a wear take-up and / or manual braking module (62) having a wear take-up (58) coupled to a piston rod (48) of the brake cylinder (8) and / or to a manual braking device (60) coupled to the piston rod (48), module which is constituted for the detachably assembly to a module ( 1) brake cylinder.   4. Brake cylinder according to claim 3, characterized in that the element (14; 86) of the piston of a module (1, 2, 4, 6) of the brake cylinder can be supplied, on the one hand, by the fluid compressed in a chamber (22) under pressure formed between it and a bottom (20) of the cylinder sleeve arranged perpendicular to an axis (18) of the brake cylinder and is subjected, on the other hand, to at least a spring element (26).   5. Brake cylinder according to claim 4, characterized in that the at least one spring element (26) of a module (1, 2, 4, 6) of the brake cylinder is supported, on the one hand, on the piston element (14; 86) and, on the other hand, on a cylinder sleeve (10, 12) of the neighboring brake cylinder module.   6. Brake cylinder according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one spring element is formed by a conical helical spring (26).   7. Brake cylinder according to claim 6, characterized in that the elements (14; 86) of the piston of the brake cylinder modules (1, 2, 4, 6) are formed in an annular manner, an edge (34; 90) radially inner being respectively connected to an element (36) in the form of a force transmission rod which rests axially on the element (36) in the form of a force transmission rod of at least one cylinder module of neighboring brake.   8. Brake cylinder according to claim 7, characterized in that the element (36) in the form of a force transmission rod passes through a central opening (38) in the bottom (20) of the sleeve (10, 12) of cylinder of the brake cylinder module (1, 2, 4, 6) and received there with sealing.   9. Brake cylinder according to claim 8, characterized in that the force transmission elements of the brake cylinder modules (1, 2, 4, 6) are formed by cylindrical piston sleeves (36) which are held on a cylindrical centering piece (46) and which are coupled thereto in a rigid manner at least axially.   10. Brake cylinder according to claim 9, characterized in that the cylindrical centering piece is formed by a centering tube (46) which is coupled to the piston rod (48) of the brake cylinder (8).   11. Brake cylinder according to claim 10, characterized in that at least part of a pin (72) of the device (58) for taking up play is received inside the tube (46) for centering.   12. Brake cylinder according to claim 11, characterized in that one end, distant from the wear take-up device (58), of the centering tube (46) has a radially outer collar (66) serving as a stop to the piston sleeve (36) of a last brake cylinder module (6) and the other end is screwed into an envelope (68) of the wear take-up device (58) which is provided on the side facing the centering tube (46) 25 of an annular stop (70) for the piston sleeve (36) of the first brake cylinder module (1).   13. Brake cylinder according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that at least some of the piston elements are formed by rigid annular pistons (14) which pass sealingly inside the sheath ( 10, 12) of cylinder.   14. Brake cylinder according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that at least some of the piston elements are formed in the form of annular membranes (86) clamped on their outer edge (88) radially between the sleeves (10, 12) cylinder modules (1, 35 2, 4, 6) of neighboring brake cylinder.   15. Brake cylinder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that tie rods (74) for assembling the sleeves (10, 12) of the cylinder of the modules (1, 2, 4, 6) are provided. brake cylinder.   16. Brake cylinder according to one of the preceding claims, 5 characterized in that it comprises at least one channel (78) for compressed fluid, which extends over all the modules (1, 2, 4, 6) brake cylinder and which is composed of sections (80) of channel for compressed fluid formed individually in the cylinder sleeves (10, 12) of the modules (1, 2, 4, 6) of brake cylinder and aligned with each other with the others.   17. Brake cylinder according to claim 16, characterized in that the section (80) of compressed fluid channel communicates with the chamber (22) under pressure of the respective module (1, 2, 4, 6) of the brake cylinder.