FR2845581A1 - Frame for making furniture or buildings is made up of units in shape of pyramids with a diamond-shaped base whose summits may point up or down - Google Patents

Frame for making furniture or buildings is made up of units in shape of pyramids with a diamond-shaped base whose summits may point up or down Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2845581A1
FR2845581A1 FR0212888A FR0212888A FR2845581A1 FR 2845581 A1 FR2845581 A1 FR 2845581A1 FR 0212888 A FR0212888 A FR 0212888A FR 0212888 A FR0212888 A FR 0212888A FR 2845581 A1 FR2845581 A1 FR 2845581A1
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France
Prior art keywords
modules
diamond
vertices
model
shape
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FR0212888A
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French (fr)
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Cyril Emmanuel Issanchou
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to FR0212888A priority Critical patent/FR2845581A1/en
Publication of FR2845581A1 publication Critical patent/FR2845581A1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/344Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts
    • E04B1/3449Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts with living hinge
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19Three-dimensional framework structures
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1981Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/199Details of roofs, floors or walls supported by the framework

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

The frame for making furniture or buildings is made up of units in the shape of pyramids with a diamond-shaped base (5) whose summits may point up or down. The pyramids may be made of solid materials, e.g. panels of wood joined by hinges, or based on a framework of rods (9) Joined by ball-and-socket joints (2, 10).

Description

- 1 La présente invention porte sur un modèle structurel permettant la- 1 The present invention relates to a structural model allowing the

réalisation de structures à formes variables à partir d'éléments constructifs standard. La géométrie de ce modèle trouve des applications dans le domaine du mobilier, mais aussi et principalement dans le domaine de la construction, en permettant la création d'architectures aux formes complexes à partir de modules constructifs standardisés. Les éléments structurels (tels que: charpentes, voiles porteurs...) ne peuvent, traditionnellement, épouser des formes complexes qu'au prix du dessin spécifique de chaque élément constituant ces objets/structures. Ceci entraîne généralement des cots supplémentaires de dessin et de fabrication de ces objets/structures. Si on prend l'exemple des charpentes utilisées généralement dans l'industrie de la construction, elles reposent sur des modèles structurels o les forces auxquelles elles sont soumises sont transmises de façon linéaire, le long de membrures connectées en continu. Les courbures d'une poutre sont alors obtenues en faisant varier en longueur chaque membrure de la structure (d'o un 15 dessin particulier pour chaque membrure). Le modèle structurel présenté ici intègre d'emblée la variabilité en dimension des éléments constitutifs de la structure. En effet, la liberté formelle permise par le modèle, repose sur la décomposition de la structure/charpente en modules à géométrie variable, reliés par des connexions "souples", permettant aux modules de pivoter les uns par rapport aux autres. Les forces présentes 20 dans la structure sont alors transmises (de façon fragmentée et récurrente) module par  realization of structures with variable forms from standard constructive elements. The geometry of this model finds applications in the field of furniture, but also and mainly in the field of construction, allowing the creation of architectures with complex shapes from standardized construction modules. Structural elements (such as: frameworks, load-bearing sails, etc.) cannot, traditionally, marry complex forms except at the cost of the specific design of each element constituting these objects / structures. This generally results in additional costs for the design and manufacture of these objects / structures. If we take the example of frames generally used in the construction industry, they are based on structural models where the forces to which they are subjected are transmitted in a linear fashion, along members continuously connected. The curvatures of a beam are then obtained by varying the length of each member of the structure (from a particular drawing for each member). The structural model presented here immediately integrates the variability in dimension of the constituent elements of the structure. Indeed, the formal freedom allowed by the model, is based on the decomposition of the structure / frame in modules with variable geometry, connected by "flexible" connections, allowing the modules to pivot relative to each other. The forces present in the structure are then transmitted (in a fragmented and recurring manner) module by

module, jusqu'aux points d'attache de la structure.  module, up to the attachment points of the structure.

Dans le cas présent, le schéma structurel du modèle est basé sur l'interconnexion de modules en porte-à-faux l'un sur l'autre. Un module se présente comme une 'pyramide' à base losange (figure 1. NB: Le modèle fonctionne aussi avec tout module à base losange 25 avec hors du plan de base deux, trois sommets ou plus, positionnés dans un même plan que deux sommets opposés du losange. Pour optimiser la qualité structurelle du module on choisira toujours le plan de symétrie de la base pour contenir ces autres sommets). En coupe selon ce plan, le module s'apparente ainsi à une poutre 'Warren' (Le module pyramidal' peut être placé avec les sommets en haut ou en bas du plan de la base et garder 30 son intégrité structurelle). Le schéma structurel repose ainsi sur la mise en porte-àfaux de  In the present case, the structural diagram of the model is based on the interconnection of modules cantilevered one on the other. A module looks like a diamond-shaped 'pyramid' (Figure 1. NB: The model also works with any diamond-based module 25 with two, three or more vertices outside the base plane, positioned in the same plane as two vertices Opposites of the rhombus. To optimize the structural quality of the module, we will always choose the plane of symmetry of the base to contain these other vertices). In section along this plane, the module thus looks like a 'Warren' beam (The pyramid module 'can be placed with the vertices at the top or bottom of the base plane and keep its structural integrity). The structural scheme is thus based on the overhang of

ces poutres pyramidales, sorte de coques structurelles, accrochées les unes aux autres.  these pyramidal beams, a sort of structural shell, hooked to each other.

(Figure 2) La flexibilité de la forme de la structure est obtenue grâce à la géométrie variable de ce module élémentaire. Chaque face de cette pyramide est un triangle - structurellement "indéformable" - avec comme exception sa base, un losange. Pour permettre la variation en dimension du module, les faces triangulaires pivotent les unes par rapport aux autres: si ces faces sont pleines (panneaux structurels), alors leurs segments communs doivent jouer le rôle de charnière si les triangles sont formés par des membrures (poutres, etc....), celles-ci doivent être connectées par des rotules. La base losange, libre de contreventement (d'entretoise ou de contreventement), peut se plier. Le module peut ainsi varier en largeur et en longueur (Figure 3), et ceci, sans compromettre l'intégrité structurelle du modèle. Les modules sont alors assemblés par les quatre côtés de leur base par l'intermédiaire de pivots, de la même manière qu'il a été décrit pour les faces triangulaires des modules. Les modules pivotent ainsi les uns par rapport aux autres tout en gardant leur relation géométrique qui leur confère une qualité structurelle en tant qu'ensemble. Le tout constitue 10 une matrice structurelle, dont la forme globale est variable (La figure 4 présente des  (Figure 2) The flexibility of the shape of the structure is obtained thanks to the variable geometry of this elementary module. Each face of this pyramid is a triangle - structurally "undeformable" - with the exception of its base, a rhombus. To allow the module to vary in size, the triangular faces rotate relative to each other: if these faces are full (structural panels), then their common segments must act as a hinge if the triangles are formed by members (beams , etc ....), these must be connected by ball joints. The lozenge base, free of bracing (spacer or bracing), can bend. The module can thus vary in width and length (Figure 3), and this, without compromising the structural integrity of the model. The modules are then assembled by the four sides of their base by means of pivots, in the same way as has been described for the triangular faces of the modules. The modules thus pivot relative to each other while keeping their geometric relationship which gives them structural quality as a whole. The whole constitutes a structural matrix, the overall shape of which is variable (FIG. 4 presents

applications dans le cadre d'une 'pyramide' à deux sommets hors de la base losange).  applications as part of a 'pyramid' with two vertices outside the rhombus base).

La forme globale de la structure est définie par le contrôle d'un nombre limité de modules. En raison de l'interconnexion des modules, la forme d'un module dépend de la forme et de la position de ses voisins. Ainsi, le contrôle de la position et de la géométrie d'un 15 certain nombre de modules permet le contrôle de la forme résultante de la structure. Le caractère structurel étant relativement identique en tout point de la matrice structurelle, on peut choisir à quel endroit se fait le contrôle de la forme globale ce qui permet, dans le cas  The overall shape of the structure is defined by controlling a limited number of modules. Due to the interconnection of the modules, the shape of a module depends on the shape and the position of its neighbors. Thus, the control of the position and the geometry of a certain number of modules allows the control of the resulting shape of the structure. The structural character being relatively identical in every point of the structural matrix, one can choose where the control of the overall shape is done, which allows, in the case

de charpentes, une plus grande liberté du plan architectural.  of frameworks, greater freedom of the architectural plan.

La versatilité des structures obtenues suivant ce modèle permet la résolution d'une 20 grande variété de situations constructives. En tant que modèle structurel, basé sur une géométrie particulière, il peut être transcrit de multiples façons. Sa géométrie peut-être suivie pour des charpentes métalliques ou de bois, en utilisant des panneaux ou des profilés. Par exemple, une structure à forme variable peut être obtenue en assemblant des tubes métalliques standard par des rotules suivant le modèle décrit ci-dessus (figure 6). La 25 figure 5 - géométrie 'à plat' d'un module 'pyramidal' à deux sommets hors de la base losange - montre que deux tailles de tubes peut suffire pour former le module de base d'une telle matrice structurelle. On peut aussi réaliser en suivant le modèle, un écran à géométrie variable avec des triangles en plastic attachés par des charnières comme il est illustré par la figure 7. La forme définitive de ces structures est alors déterminée par le contrôle d'un certain nombre de modules; nombre toujours dépendant de l'étendue de la structure et de la forme voulue. Dès lors que différentes méthodes peuvent être adoptées pour contrôler ces modules, ces systèmes d'accroche ne rentrent pas dans la définition du modèle. Les dimensions des éléments de la structure dépendent de son échelle comme c'est le cas des  The versatility of the structures obtained according to this model allows the resolution of a wide variety of constructive situations. As a structural model, based on a particular geometry, it can be transcribed in many ways. Its geometry can be followed for metal or wood frames, using panels or profiles. For example, a structure with variable shape can be obtained by assembling standard metal tubes by ball joints according to the model described above (Figure 6). FIG. 5 - “flat” geometry of a “pyramidal” module with two vertices outside the diamond base - shows that two sizes of tubes can be sufficient to form the basic module of such a structural matrix. One can also realize by following the model, a screen with variable geometry with plastic triangles attached by hinges as it is illustrated by figure 7. The final shape of these structures is then determined by the control of a certain number of modules; number always dependent on the extent of the structure and the desired form. As soon as different methods can be adopted to control these modules, these attachment systems do not come under the definition of the model. The dimensions of the elements of the structure depend on its scale as is the case with

structures traditionnelles.traditional structures.

- 3- 3

Claims (1)

REVENDICATIONS Les revendications portent sur:The claims relate to: Un modèle structurel caractérisé en ce qu'il permet la réalisation de formes complexes à partir d'une structure standardisée. Le modèle est caractérisé en ce qu'il est obtenu par assemblage de modules à géométrie variable (1) pouvant pivoter les uns par rapport aux autres (2). Les modules sont caractérisés par leur géométrie qui se présentent comme des polygones pyramidaux à base losange avec un ou plusieurs sommets positionnés dans un même plan que deux sommets opposés (deux sommets uniquement) du losange leur base losange (3), s'apparentant formellement à des coques facettées si on choisi le plan de symétrie de la base losange pour contenir ces autres sommets. Ces sommets peuvent être placés en haut ou en bas du plan de la base (4). Le modèle est  A structural model characterized in that it allows the realization of complex shapes from a standardized structure. The model is characterized in that it is obtained by assembling modules with variable geometry (1) which can pivot relative to each other (2). The modules are characterized by their geometry which are presented as pyramid polygons with a diamond base with one or more vertices positioned in the same plane as two opposite vertices (two vertices only) of the diamond their diamond base (3), formally related to faceted shells if we choose the plane of symmetry of the diamond base to contain these other vertices. These vertices can be placed at the top or bottom of the base plane (4). The model is caractérisé en ce que les modules utilisés sont reliés entre eux par les segments de leur 15 base losange (5).  characterized in that the modules used are interconnected by the segments of their diamond base (5). Les modules à géométrie variable utilisés, sont caractérisés par le fait d'être constitués de triangles reliés par des pivots (6). Selon les modes de réalisation ces modules à géométrie variable sont caractérisés comme pouvant être constitués de triangles pleins ((7)panneau de bois, plaque de métal, surface plastique) attachés par des charnières (8), ou 20 de profils ((9)profil métallique, poutre bois, profilé plastique) reliés parleur extrémité avec  The variable geometry modules used are characterized by being made up of triangles connected by pivots (6). According to the embodiments, these modules with variable geometry are characterized as being able to consist of solid triangles ((7) wooden panel, metal plate, plastic surface) attached by hinges (8), or 20 of profiles ((9) metal profile, wooden beam, plastic profile) connected to end speaker with des rotules (10).ball joints (10). L'assemblage des modules entre eux est caractérisé par l'emploi de charnières dans le cas de l'utilisation d'éléments pleins (surfaces) et par des rotules dans le cas de  The assembly of the modules together is characterized by the use of hinges in the case of the use of solid elements (surfaces) and by ball joints in the case of l'utilisation de membrures (segments structurels).  the use of members (structural segments).
FR0212888A 2002-10-09 2002-10-09 Frame for making furniture or buildings is made up of units in shape of pyramids with a diamond-shaped base whose summits may point up or down Pending FR2845581A1 (en)

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FR0212888A FR2845581A1 (en) 2002-10-09 2002-10-09 Frame for making furniture or buildings is made up of units in shape of pyramids with a diamond-shaped base whose summits may point up or down

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2327700A1 (en) * 2007-03-29 2009-11-02 Alberto Alarcon Garcia Programmable mobile modules system for the transformation of architectural spaces. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3401492A (en) * 1967-01-04 1968-09-17 Stephen L. Macdonald Building structure
US3921349A (en) * 1969-01-08 1975-11-25 Arpad Kolozsvary Structural component and structures comprising the same
US4207715A (en) * 1978-09-14 1980-06-17 Kitrick Christopher J Tensegrity module structure and method of interconnecting the modules
US4723382A (en) * 1986-08-15 1988-02-09 Haresh Lalvani Building structures based on polygonal members and icosahedral
FR2801329A1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2001-05-25 Gwenola Kergall Articulated space frame to form building dome has hexagonal sub frames with summits connected by equilateral triangular frames

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3401492A (en) * 1967-01-04 1968-09-17 Stephen L. Macdonald Building structure
US3921349A (en) * 1969-01-08 1975-11-25 Arpad Kolozsvary Structural component and structures comprising the same
US4207715A (en) * 1978-09-14 1980-06-17 Kitrick Christopher J Tensegrity module structure and method of interconnecting the modules
US4723382A (en) * 1986-08-15 1988-02-09 Haresh Lalvani Building structures based on polygonal members and icosahedral
FR2801329A1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2001-05-25 Gwenola Kergall Articulated space frame to form building dome has hexagonal sub frames with summits connected by equilateral triangular frames

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2327700A1 (en) * 2007-03-29 2009-11-02 Alberto Alarcon Garcia Programmable mobile modules system for the transformation of architectural spaces. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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