FR2843775A1 - Pressurised gas turbine, especially for a motor vehicle, has inner and outer rotors with rolling bodies and gas injection nozzles - Google Patents

Abstract

The turbine, operated by gas under pressure, consists of inner (2) and outer (3) rotors with races (7, 17) for rolling bodies (4). It has seals (45) for the space between the rotors, at least one nozzle (10, 29) for injecting pressurised gas into the space, and at least one air outlet nozzle (12), the injection nozzles being positioned to direct the gas at tangent to the rotor and towards the rolling bodies. The turbine has a transmission system with a planetary reduction gear train (25) comprising an outer crown wheel (20) turning with the outer rotor, a sun wheel (24) turning with the inner one, and satellite gears (27) between them connected to a fixed carrier (26).

Description

i

  Pressurized gas turbine system.

  The present invention relates to a gas turbine system

under pressure.

  Efforts are being made to reduce the pollutant emissions produced by motor vehicle drive systems. Consider using vehicles for driving

  on-board pressurized gas engines.

  The present invention relates to a pressurized gas turbine system in particular for driving a motor vehicle. The invention also relates to a gas turbine system.

  under compact pressure and which can be easily placed in a motor vehicle.

  The invention also relates to a pressurized gas turbine system, of simple design, reliable, and obtainable

with a low manufacturing cost.

  Such a pressurized gas turbine system comprises an internal rotor provided with a raceway, an external rotor provided with a raceway, rolling elements arranged between the raceways of the interior and exterior rotors, members sealing to seal the space between the interior and exterior rotors, at least one pressurized gas injection nozzle disposed on a rotor and opening into the space between the interior and exterior rotors, and at least one air exhaust nozzle disposed on a rotor and opening into the space

  between the inner and outer rotors.

  The space between the inner and outer rotors is separated into substantially sealed sections by the rolling elements in

  contact with the raceways of the exterior and interior rotors.

  The pressure gas injection nozzle arranged on a rotor allows the formation of a pressurized gas flow which will develop a reaction force for example on a rolling element, on which the air flow is projected. This reaction force causes training

  in rotation of the rotor carrying the injection nozzle.

  An air exhaust nozzle evacuates the injected air to prevent the formation of a back pressure in the sections located between the rolling elements, which can prevent or reduce a flow

pressurized gas injection.

  Preferably, the injection nozzle disposed on a rotor is inclined to eject an air flow comprising a component directed in a tangential direction of the rotor. A force applied to the rotor can decompose into a radial force and a force

  tangential. Tangential forces cause the rotor to rotate. The inclination of an injection nozzle makes it possible to increase the tangential force developed by the flow of gas under pressure on a surface, for a better rotational drive of the rotor.

  In one embodiment, an injection nozzle is oriented to eject an air flow towards a rolling element. An internal or external rotor fitted with an injection nozzle moves in rotation relative to each rolling element. An injection nozzle 20 runs opposite each rolling element. The injection nozzle can thus cause the flow of pressurized gas to eject reaction forces successively on each rolling element, to

drive the rotor in rotation.

  In one embodiment, the turbine system comprises a planetary gear transmission comprising an outer ring integral in rotation with the outer rotor, a sun wheel integral in rotation with the inner rotor, satellites arranged between the outer ring and the sun wheel, and a fixed satellite carrier. Thus, a counter-rotating turbine with external rotors is obtained.

  and interior turning in opposite directions. In addition, the inner and outer rotors are linked in rotation by the planetary gear transmission. A rotational movement of the outer rotor causes an opposite rotational movement of the inner rotor, and vice-

  versa. Thus, a single output shaft disposed on one or the other of the interior or exterior rotors can be provided. Pressurized gas injection nozzles can be provided on the inner rotors and

  outside, or on only one of the two inside and outside rotors.

  For an improved rotational drive of the rotors, it is possible to provide at least one internal injection nozzle disposed on an internal rotor, at least one external injection nozzle disposed on the external rotor and means for simultaneously feeding nozzles

indoor and outdoor.

  In one embodiment, a rotor comprises at least one injection nozzle and one discharge nozzle circumferentially offset by a distance at least equal to a distance between two neighboring rolling elements. Thus, a discharge nozzle of a rotor is always situated on the side of a rolling element opposite to an injection nozzle situated on the same rotor, in order to avoid too early discharge of injected air which can reduce the forces developed by a flow of pressurized gas projected onto a rolling element.

  In one embodiment, the system comprises an output shaft integral in rotation with the inner rotor.

  In one embodiment, the output shaft includes a

  axial exhaust air outlet pipe in fluid communication with at least one exhaust nozzle. The output shaft linked to a rotor is rotating. The formation of an axial pipe in the output shaft 25 makes it easy to produce an air discharge circuit.

  In one embodiment, the system comprises spacing rollers arranged circumferentially between the rolling elements while being in contact with two successive rolling elements, the

  rollers being mounted in rotation on axes.

  Under the effect of an air flow ejected by an injection nozzle

  air and abutting against a rolling element, a force exerted on the rolling element is developed by the flow of gas under pressure.

  Such a force could cause a circumferential displacement of the rolling element. The spacing rollers arranged between the rolling elements prevent relative circumferential displacement of the

rolling elements.

  Furthermore, the spacing rollers being mounted for rotation on axes, the spacing rollers can accompany the 5 rotational movements of the balls in the raceways of the

indoor and outdoor rotors.

  Advantageously, the axes are stationary in translation, so that the balls are also substantially stationary in translation. The energy supplied by an injection nozzle in the form of a flow of gas under pressure essentially develops a rotational driving reaction force of the rotor carrying the nozzle relative

with stationary rolling elements.

  In one embodiment, an axis is rotatably mounted by

  at least one pinion meshing on the teeth of the inner and outer rotors.

  Advantageously, if the interior and exterior rotors are linked in rotation by a planetary gear transmission device, the dimensions of the toothed surfaces of the interior and exterior rotors and of the pinions are adapted so that, taking into account the gear reduction ratio with reduction

  planetary, the pinions are substantially stationary in translation, that is to say that the gear ratio between the inner rotor and the outer rotor linked by the pinions and the teeth is equal to the gear ratio between the inner and outer rotors linked 25 by the planetary gear transmission device.

  The present invention and its advantages will be better understood from

  studying the detailed description of an embodiment taken by way of nonlimiting example and illustrated by the appended drawings, on

  which: FIG. 1 is a schematic view in axial section of a turbine system, according to one aspect of the invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic front sectional view of the turbine system according to FIG. 2; and FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a turbine system, according to one aspect of the invention, where gas flows are represented

under pressure.

  In FIG. 1, a pressurized gas turbine system, 5 referenced 1 as a whole, comprises an internal rotor 2, a rotor

  outside 3, and an output shaft 4.

  The inner rotor 2 comprises a central part 5 comprising a cylindrical outer surface 6, on which is formed a toroidal raceway 7 in a substantially central position, 10 as well as lateral teeth 8, located at the axial ends of the

  cylindrical external surface 6 by flush with radial lateral faces Sa, 5b, of the central part 5. The lateral teeth 8 have a nominal diameter equal to the nominal diameter of the raceway 7, that is to say to the smallest defined diameter by the surface of the raceway 7.

  The internal rotor 2 comprises an internal supply feed 9 comprising a central axial portion 9a, extending along the axis of revolution of the central part 5, opening at one end onto a lateral face 5b of the central part 5. The central axial portion 9a is extended at its opposite end by a substantially radial portion 9b opening at its end opposite to the surface of the raceway 7, being provided at its outlet with an internal injection nozzle 10 flush with the surface of

raceway 7.

  The inner rotor 2 comprises a discharge pipe 11 comprising a first substantially radial portion 11a opening at one end to the surface of the raceway 7, being provided with a discharge nozzle 12 flush with the surface of the raceway 7 , at a point offset circumferentially with respect to the internal injection nozzle 10 provided on the internal supply 9. The radial portion 11a opens at its opposite end in a central axial portion 11b arranged along the axis of revolution of the part central 5 of the inner rotor 2, and opening at its other end to the lateral surface Sa of the central part 5, on the side opposite the

  central portion 9a of the interior supply 9.

  The central portions 9a, llb of the internal supply 9 and of the discharge pipe 11 open onto opposite lateral faces Sa, 5b 5 of the central part 5. The lengths of the central portions 9a, llb of the internal supply 9 and the discharge pipe 11 are provided so that it does not communicate. The radial portions 9b 11a are slightly inclined to connect the ends of the central portions 9b, lla offset with respect to a radial plane of symmetry of the central portion 5, and the internal injection nozzles 10 and discharge nozzles 12 located approximately at center of path

  bearing 7, substantially in the radial plane of symmetry.

  The outer rotor 3 comprises an annular part 15 provided with a cylindrical inner surface 16, on which is formed a central toroidal raceway 17, as well as lateral teeth 18 flush with the radial lateral surfaces 15a, 15b of the annular part 15. The teeth 18 have a nominal diameter equal to

  largest diameter of the raceway 17.

  The outer rotor 3 comprises an axial portion 19 extending axially on a first side from the zone of larger diameter of the annular part 15, and a ring 20 extending radially inward from the free end of the portion

  axial 19, being provided on an inner surface 21 with teeth.

  The output shaft 4 is integral with the central part 5 of the inner rotor 2, being coaxial with said central part 5. The output shaft 4 is provided with an axial central pipe 22, extending axially in the 'output shaft 4 being in fluid communication at the end of the output shaft 4 located on the side of the inner rotor 2 with the central portion llb of the discharge pipe 13. At the opposite end 30, the pipe axial inner 22 is in fluid communication with an expansion volume not shown. A toothed wheel 24, coaxial with the output shaft 4, is integral in rotation with the latter. The toothed wheel 24 and the crown 20 of the outer rotor 3 respectively form the sun wheel and the outer crown of a planetary gear transmission referenced 25 in its

  together and linking in rotation the inner rotor 2 to the outer rotor 3.

  The planetary transmission 25 comprises in

  in addition to a planet carrier 26 fixed on a frame not shown, and on which are fixed in free rotation satellites 27 circumferentially spaced and each meshing simultaneously with the wheel 24 integral in rotation with the output shaft 4 and the outer ring 10 20 integral in rotation with the outer rotor 3.

  The external rotor 3 comprises external leads 28, here two in number, formed in the annular part 15, arranged substantially radially, and opening at one end on the external surface of the annular part 15, and at the other end at 15 the raceway surface 17, being provided with external injection nozzles 29 flush with the raceway surface 17. On the side of the inner rotor 2 opposite the output shaft 4, the

  turbine system 1 comprises a gas supply assembly 20 under pressure, referenced 30 as a whole.

  The supply assembly 30 comprises a tube 31, integral

  in rotation of the central part 5 of the inner rotor 2, being arranged along the axis of revolution of the central part 5, and provided with a central passage 32 opening at a first end 31a in the central portion 9a of the indoor supply 9.

  The supply assembly 30 comprises an upstream pipe 33 fixed to a frame not shown by a flange 39 shown diagrammatically, the upstream pipe 33 being provided at an end opposite to the inner 2 and outer 3 rotors with an air inlet in 30 fluid communication with a source of pressurized gas not shown and in fluid communication on the opposite side with the internal 9 and external 28 feeds of the internal 2 and external 3 rotors. inner rotor 2 and the end of the supply line 33 located on the side of the inner rotor 2. The rotary joint 35 is linked in rotation to the external rotor 3. The rotary joint 35 5 comprises an axial passage 36 for the passage of gas under pressure from the upstream pipe 33 to the tube 31 in fluid communication with the internal supply 9. The rotary joint 35 comprises radial passages 37 opening out from one side in the axial passage 36, and in fluid communication on the opposite side with hoses or pipes 38, themselves in fluid communication at their ends

  opposite with the external leads 28 of the external rotor 3.

  Rolling elements 40, here in the form of balls, are disposed between the raceways 7, 17 of the inner 2 and outer rotors 3. Rollers 41 are disposed between the rolling elements 40 15 to keep them circumferentially spaced. A roller 41 is disposed in contact simultaneously with two neighboring rolling elements 40. A roller 41 is mounted on an axis 42 provided at its ends with pinions 43 engaging with the side teeth 8, 18 of the rotors

inside 2 and outside 3.

  Sealing members 45 are arranged between the inner 2 and outer 3 rotors, axially on either side of the rolling elements 40, to ensure the axial sealing of the space between the inner 2 and outer 3 rotor. sealing member 45 is in the form of a segment in contact with its outer edge with the inner surface 16 of the outer rotor 3, axially between the raceway 17 and the teeth 18, and by its inner edge with the outer surface 6 of the inner rotor 2, axially between the raceway 7 and the teeth 8. The pins 42 pass through the sealing members 45. Of course, seals are provided for the passage of the pins 42 in the members tightness 45, while retaining the tightness of the latter. The raceways 7, 17 of the inner 2 and outer 3 rotors are enveloping, so that the space between a rolling element 40 and a raceway 7, 17 is very small. Furthermore, the sealing members 45 are located axially, being close to the rolling elements 40, so that a space between the sealing members 45 and the elements 40 is small. The sealing members 5 45 may have a curved radial surface to form a toroidal groove conforming to the contour of the rolling elements 40 for the formation of a very small axial space between the segments and the rolling elements 40. Thus, a section of the The space between the inner 2 and outer 3 rotor, located circumferentially between two rolling elements 40, is substantially sealed so that resistance is offered to the flow of an air flow projected in this section. Annular flanges 52, 53 are disposed on both sides axially of the outer 3 and inner 2 rotors, to improve sealing of the space between the inner 2 and outer 3 rotors. The flanges 52, 53 are fixed by their edge of larger diameter to the annular part 15 of the outer rotor, for example by means of screws not shown. Bearings 54, 55 are provided between the inner edges of the annular flanges 52, 53 and respectively the output shaft 4 and the supply tube 31 which are

integral with the inner rotor 2.

  The flanges 52, 53 are provided with annular seals, not shown for reasons of clarity of the drawings, being arranged axially between the flanges 52, 53 and the inner rotor 2 and outer

  3. Each flange 52, 53 comprises a seal disposed between the flange 52, 53 and the inner rotor 2, and a seal disposed between the flange 52, 53 and the outer rotor 3, so that the seals are arranged radially apart and other of the space between the rotors 2, 3 to close this space sealingly.

  As can best be seen in FIG. 2, an external supply 28 is arranged while being inclined tangentially. Thus, an external injection nozzle 29 forms a flow of pressurized gas ejected in a section between two rolling elements 40 and comprising

  a radial component, as well as a tangential component.

  A radial portion 9a of an interior feed 9 comprises a first substantially radial portion 46 extending from the axial portion 5b at the center of the central portion 5 of the interior rotor 2, and emerging on the side opposite to the surface of the raceway 7 of the inner rotor 2, being blocked by a needle 47. A second inclined part 48 comprises an inlet orifice 49 opening into the first radial part 46 upstream of the needle 47 and an outlet orifice on the surface of the path bearing 7, and in which is housed the internal injection nozzle 10 flush with the surface of the raceway 7. Thus, the internal injection nozzle 10 is oriented for the ejection of a flow of pressurized gas with a component tangential. FIG. 2 shows detailed elements of a supply assembly 30 in fluid communication with an external supply 28. Of course, such elements are provided either upstream of a distributor towards all of the internal supplies. 9

  and external 28, either upstream directly from each feed.

  Upstream of the external supply 28, the supply assembly comprises a supply line 49 opening into a thrust chamber 50 formed by a pressure regulating buffer volume, and a non-return valve 51 disposed between the

  external push and supply 28.

  In FIG. 3, in which the references to elements similar to those of FIG. 2 have been repeated, an inner rotor 2 and

  an outer rotor 3 surrounding the inner rotor 2.

  The interior rotor 2 is provided with interior feeds 9, here four in number, provided with inclined ends opening into the space between the interior 2 and exterior rotors 3. Interior injection nozzles 12 are provided in the outlet openings of the interior feeds 9. The interior rotor 2 is also provided with exhaust pipes 11, also four in number, opening into the space between the interior 2 and exterior 3 rotor at points circumferentially offset from the external rotor 3 comprises inclined external supplies 28, also four in number, opening into the space 5 comprised between the internal 2 and external rotors 3. The outlet orifices of the external supplies 28 are provided with an injection nozzle

exterior 12.

  Subsequently, the operation of the gas turbine system

  under pressure 1 is described with reference to Figures 1 to 3.

  The internal 9 and external 28 injection nozzles eject flows of pressurized gas symbolized by arrows F1 (FIG. 2), directed towards the rolling elements 40. The sealing produced between the sections of the space comprised between the rotors inside 2 and outside 3, prevents the flow of a flow of air injected in one section to a neighboring section. Sealing is carried out using the rolling elements and sealing members 45, which envelop the rolling elements 40 to form circumferential passages between the very narrow sections. The air flow projected from an interior rotor 2 or exterior 3 meets a ball and consequently develops a reaction force, causing the drive of the rotor on which is

  disposed the injection nozzle 9, 28.

  As the inner 2 and outer 3 rotors are linked in rotation

  via the planetary gear transmission 25, the rotation of an interior 2 or exterior rotor 3 causes the rotation of the other interior 2 or exterior rotor 3.

  The reduction ratio of the planetary reduction transmission 25, as well as the nominal diameter defined by the raceways 7, 17 and the diameters of the rolling elements 40 are adapted so that, when the rotors 2 30 and external 3 are rotated , the rolling elements are substantially stationary in translation. Better support is provided for the air flow ejected by

  the internal 9 and external 28 injection nozzles.

  Similarly, provision is made for the teeth 8, 18 and the pinions 43 to have diameters adapted as a function of the reduction ratio of the transmission to planetary reduction 25, so that the pinions 43 are substantially stationary in translation. Consequently, the interposed rollers 41 are also stationary in translation, to avoid circumferential relative movements between the rolling elements 40 which may result from the application of a force by a flow of air injected onto a rolling element 40, without causing of

  movement of rolling elements 40.

  The exhaust pipes 11 opening into the space between the inner 2 and outer 3 rotors allow air to be removed to prevent the injection of air from the nozzles

  Injection 9, 28 causes an increase in the air pressure between the inner and outer rotors. Too much pressure in the space between the inner 2 and outer 3 rotors could prevent the formation of an air flow at the outlet 15 of the injection nozzles 9, 28.

  The internal rotor 2 comprises internal injection nozzles 9 as well as discharge pipes 11 provided with discharge nozzles 12. An injection nozzle 9 is angularly offset with respect to a discharge nozzle 12, in order to avoid that the injection nozzle 9 and the discharge nozzle 20 do not lie simultaneously in the same section of the space between the inner 2 and outer 3 rotors, limited by

two rolling elements 40.

  Furthermore, during the operation of the turbine system 1, the external rotor 3 being in rotation relative to the internal rotor 2, the external injection nozzles 29 are not generally located in

manhole cover 12.

  As shown in Figure 2, the injection nozzles

  exterior 29 and interior 9 lead into different sections.

  During the relative rotation of the interior 2 and exterior 3 rotors, the 30 interior and exterior injection nozzles can be found simultaneously in the same section. Such a configuration is not troublesome. An outer nozzle 29 ejects a flow of pressurized gas acting on a rolling element 40 delimiting a section, the other inner injection nozzle 10 acting on the other rolling element 40 delimiting the section. During the rotation of the internal 2 and external 3 rotors, the internal 10 and external 29 injection nozzles pass in rotation successively in the sections, taking support

on each rolling element 40.

  For supplying pressurized gas, compressed air cylinders can be provided. Compressed air is a neutral gas, presenting for example no risk of explosion. The compressed air bottles can be charged for one trip, then recharged afterwards. Alternatively, an on-board compressor can be provided, capable of at least partially regenerating the compressed air in storage bottles, for example by recovering inertial energy from the

  vehicle in braking phases.

  Thanks to the invention, a compact pressurized gas turbine system 15 is obtained, in which internal and external rotors

  counter-rotating are assembled by means of rolling elements, in the manner of a rolling bearing, the rolling elements also serving as a bearing surface for the air flows formed. The gas turbine system is compact and can easily be embedded in a vehicle for training the latter.

Claims (10)

  1. Pressure gas turbine system characterized in that it comprises an inner rotor (2) provided with a raceway (7), an outer rotor (3) provided with a raceway 5 (17 ), rolling elements (40) disposed between the raceways (7, 17) of the inner (2) and outer (3) rotors, sealing members (45) to seal the space between the interior and exterior rotors (2, 3), at least one injection nozzle (10, 29) of pressurized gas disposed on a rotor and opening into the space between the interior and exterior rotors (2, 3), and at least one exhaust air nozzle (12) disposed on a rotor and opening into the space between the interior and exterior rotors (2, 3).   2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that an injection nozzle (10, 29) disposed on a rotor is inclined to eject an air flow comprising a component directed according to a tangential direction of the rotor.   3. System according to any one of claims 1 or 2,   characterized in that an injection nozzle (10, 29) is oriented 20 to eject an air flow towards a rolling element (40).   4. System according to any one of the claims   above, characterized in that it comprises a planetary gear transmission (25) comprising an outer ring (20) integral in rotation with the outer rotor (3), a sun wheel (24) 25 integral in rotation with the inner rotor (2 ), satellites (27) arranged between the outer ring and the sun wheel, and a fixed planet carrier (26).   5. System according to any one of the claims   above, characterized in that it comprises at least one internal injection nozzle (10) disposed on an internal rotor (2), at least one external injection nozzle (29) disposed on the external rotor and means feeding (30-33, 35-38) simultaneously nozzles   interior (10) and exterior (29).   6. System according to any one of the claims   above, characterized in that a rotor (2) comprises at least one injection nozzle (10) and one discharge nozzle (12) offset circumferentially by a distance at least equal to a distance between two rolling elements ( 40) neighbors.   7. System according to any one of the claims   above, characterized in that it comprises an outlet shaft (4) integral in rotation with the inner rotor (2) and provided with an axial exhaust air outlet pipe in fluid communication with at least one nozzle evacuation (12).   8. System according to any one of the claims   previous, characterized in that it comprises spacing rollers (41) arranged circumferentially between the rolling elements (40) while being in contact with two rolling elements   successive, the rollers being mounted in rotation on axes (42).   9. System according to claim 8, characterized in that an axis (42) is rotatably mounted by means of at least one pinion (43) meshing on the teeth (8, 18) of the inner rotors (2 ) and exterior (3).   10.System claim 9, characterized in that it comprises a planetary gear transmission (25) connecting the inner rotor (2) in rotation with the outer rotor (3), the gear ratio between the inner rotor (2 ) and the outer rotor (3) linked by the pinions (43) and the teeth (8, 18) being equal to the reduction ratio between the inner (2) and outer (3) rotors linked by   the planetary gear transmission device (25).