FR2841328A1

FR2841328A1 - ELECTRIC RADIATOR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A RADIATOR

Info

Publication number: FR2841328A1
Application number: FR0207805A
Authority: FR
Inventors: Josiane Capello
Original assignee: KJ SOC
Current assignee: KJ SOC
Priority date: 2002-06-24
Filing date: 2002-06-24
Publication date: 2003-12-26
Anticipated expiration: 2022-06-24
Also published as: EP1376015A1; FR2841328B1

Abstract

Ce radiateur comprend au moins deux panneaux (2, 3, 4) en verre entre deux desquels est disposé un circuit résistif (10), à base de verre et d'argent et déposé par sérigraphie sur l'une des faces latérales (21) d'un premier panneau (2) tournée vers un deuxième panneau (4). Le procédé de fabrication de ce radiateur comprend des étapes consistant à déposer par sérigraphie, sur une face latérale (21) d'un panneau de verre (2) non trempé, une encre conductrice comprenant du verre, de l'argent et un liant organique; à chauffer ce panneau (2) à une température telle que le verre contenu dans l'encre fond, alors que le liant est éliminé et à tremper le panneau (2).This radiator comprises at least two glass panels (2, 3, 4) between two of which is disposed a resistive circuit (10), based on glass and silver and deposited by screen printing on one of the side faces (21) a first panel (2) facing a second panel (4). The method of manufacturing this radiator comprises steps consisting in depositing by screen printing, on a side face (21) of a non-tempered glass panel (2), a conductive ink comprising glass, silver and an organic binder. ; heating this panel (2) to a temperature such that the glass contained in the ink melts, while the binder is removed, and soaking the panel (2).

Description

L'invention a trait a un radiateur electrique comprenant, entre autres, auThe invention relates to an electric heater comprising, inter alia,

moins deux panneaux en verre,minus two glass panels,

ainsi qu'a un procede de fabrication d'un tel radiateur. as well as a method of manufacturing such a radiator.

Dans le domaine des radiateurs electriques, il est connu, par exemple de FR-A-2 789 879, d'utiliser un circuit resistif formant element chauffant et dispose entre deux panneaux de verre. Dans cet art anterieur, le circuit electrique est constitue a base d'aluminium et dispose entre deux films de polyethyleneterephtalate (PET), ce qui induit un prix de revient relativement eleve par rapport a la puissance obtenue. Les films en PET vent relativement isolants sur le plan thermique, ce qui nun' au rendement energetique du radiateur. De plus, une resistance en aluminium ne peut pas etre soudee sur des fils d'alimentation en cuivre et, en cas de condensation, une telle resistance peut etre le lieu d'amorces ou de claquages, notamment dans la zone de jonction avec les films d'alimentation, au point que le radiateur devient inutilisable. C'est a ces inconvenients qu'entend plus particulierement remedier ['invention en proposant un radiateur electrique dont la fabrication peut etre grandement simplifiee par rapport a l'etat de la technique et dont la fiabilite est accrue, alors que son prix de In the field of electric radiators, it is known, for example from FR-A-2 789 879, to use a resistive circuit forming a heating element and arranged between two glass panels. In this prior art, the electrical circuit is made of aluminum and placed between two films of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), which induces a relatively high cost price compared to the power obtained. PET films are relatively thermally insulating, which does not affect the energy efficiency of the radiator. In addition, an aluminum resistor cannot be soldered on copper supply wires and, in the event of condensation, such a resistor can be the site of primers or breakdowns, especially in the area of junction with the films. to the point where the radiator becomes unusable. It is to these drawbacks that the invention more particularly intends to remedy by proposing an electric radiator whose manufacture can be greatly simplified compared to the state of the art and whose reliability is increased, while its price of

revient est tout a fait attractif.returns is quite attractive.

Dans cet esprit, ['invention concerne un radiateur comprenant au moins deux panneaux de verre entre deux desquels est dispose un circuit resistif, caracterise en ce que ce circuit resistif est a base de verre et d'argent et depose par serigraphie sur une face laterale d'un premier In this spirit, the invention relates to a radiator comprising at least two glass panels between two of which there is a resistive circuit, characterized in that this resistive circuit is based on glass and silver and deposited by screen printing on a lateral face of a first

panneau tourne vers un second panneau. panel turns to a second panel.

Grace a ['invention, il ntest pas necessaire d'avoir recours a des films en PET pour positionner un circuit resistif par rapport a des panneaux de verre, car la serigraphie, qui est une technique connue dans d'autres domaines, permet a la fois la formation du circuit resistif et son positionnement sur l'un des panneaux. L'utilisation d'argent melange a du verre, notamment du verre fritte, permet de constituer un circuit presentant de bonnes proprietes electriques, une resistance mecanique satisfaisante et une capacite a etre soude sur les fils en Thanks to the invention, it is not necessary to use PET films to position a resistive circuit with respect to glass panels, because screen printing, which is a technique known in other fields, allows the both the formation of the resistive circuit and its positioning on one of the panels. The use of silver mixed with glass, in particular sintered glass, makes it possible to constitute a circuit having good electrical properties, satisfactory mechanical resistance and a capacity to be welded on the wires.

cuivre d'alimentation a partir du secteur. supply copper from the mains.

Selon des aspects avantageux mais non obligatoires de ['invention, ce radiateur incorpore une ou plusieurs des caracteristiques suivantes: - Il comprend un troisieme panneau de verre formant habillage frontal, le premier panneau etant dispose According to advantageous but not compulsory aspects of the invention, this radiator incorporates one or more of the following characteristics: - It includes a third glass panel forming a front covering, the first panel being

- entre les deuxieme et troisieme panneaux du radiateur. - between the second and third radiator panels.

- Le deuxieme panneau et, eventuellement, le troisieme panneau vent revetus, sur leurs faces respectives tournees vers le premier panneau, d'une couche d'adhesif, ce qui permet de creer une structure multicouches dont la resistance mecanique est tres sat is faisante et dans laquelle le circuit resistif est confine et isole de facon etanche. En outre, l'utilisation dun adhesif entre les premier et deuxieme panneaux et, eventuellement, entre les premier et troisieme panneaux facilite la transmission de la chaleur par conduction entre ces panneaux, puis par - The second panel and, possibly, the third panel are coated, on their respective faces facing the first panel, with a layer of adhesive, which makes it possible to create a multilayer structure whose mechanical resistance is very satisfactory and in which the resistive circuit is confined and isolated in a sealed manner. In addition, the use of an adhesive between the first and second panels and, possibly, between the first and third panels facilitates the transmission of heat by conduction between these panels, then by

rayonnement.radiation.

- Le radiateur est equipe d'au moins un dispositif de limitation de la temperature de l'un au moins des panneaux de verre. Dans ce cas, ce dispositif de limitation est avantageusement apte a couper l'alimentation en courant du circuit resistif lorsque la temperature du panneau considere atteint une valeur de seuil - The radiator is fitted with at least one device for limiting the temperature of at least one of the glass panels. In this case, this limiting device is advantageously able to cut off the current supply to the resistive circuit when the temperature of the panel considered reaches a threshold value.

predeterminee, notamment une valeur egale a 90 . predetermined, in particular a value equal to 90.

- Il est prevu un bo1tier de regulation du fonctionnement du circuit resistif, ce boltier etant fixe sur un montant reliant deux traverses disposees respectivement en partie haute et basse des panneaux et formant, ensemble et avec ce montant, un moyen de - There is provided a box for regulating the operation of the resistive circuit, this bolt box being fixed on an upright connecting two crosspieces arranged respectively at the top and bottom of the panels and forming, together and with this amount, a means of

rigidification et de fixation du radiateur. stiffening and fixing the radiator.

L'invention concerne egalement un procede de fabrication d'un radiateur tel que precedemment decrit et, plus specifiquement, un procede de fabrication d'un radiateur electrique comprenant au moins deux panneaux de verre entre lesquels est dispose un circuit resistif, caracterise en ce qu'il comprend des etapes consistent a: - deposer par serigraphie, sur une face laterale d'un panneau de verre non trempe, une encre conductrice comprenant du verre, de l'argent et un liant organique; - chauffer ce panneau a une temperature telle que le verre contenu dans l'encre fond, alors que le liant est elimine et; The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a radiator as described above and, more specifically, to a method for manufacturing an electric radiator comprising at least two glass panels between which there is a resistive circuit, characterized in that 'it comprises steps consisting in: - depositing by screen printing, on a side face of a non-tempered glass panel, a conductive ink comprising glass, silver and an organic binder; - heating this panel to a temperature such that the glass contained in the ink melts, while the binder is removed and;

- tremper le panneau.- soak the panel.

Ce procede peut etre mis en uvre de facon industrielle avec un haut degre de fiabilite et de reproductibilite et permet une fabrication economique de This process can be implemented industrially with a high degree of reliability and reproducibility and allows economical manufacturing of

radiateurs electriques.electric heaters.

- Selon des aspects avantageux, ce procede peut incorporer une ou plusieurs des caracteristiques suivantes: - L'etape de chauffage du panneau a lieu a une temperature comprise entre environ 700 C et environ - According to advantageous aspects, this process can incorporate one or more of the following characteristics: - The step of heating the panel takes place at a temperature between approximately 700 C and approximately

800 C.800 C.

- L'etape de trempe a lieu dans le meme four que l'etape de chauffage ou immediatement en sortie du four - The quenching step takes place in the same oven as the heating step or immediately out of the oven

de chauffage.of heating.

- On utilise, comme liant organique, de lethylcellulose. L' invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaltront plus clairement a la lumiere de la - As organic binder, ethylcellulose is used. The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the

description qui va suivre d'un mode de realisation d'un description which follows of an embodiment of a

radiateur conforme a son principe et de son procede de fabrication, donnee uniquement a titre d'exemple et faite en reference aux dessins annexes dans lesquels: - la figure 1 est une vue en perspective eclatee d'un radiateur conforme a ['invention, vu par l'arriere; - la figure 2 est une coupe verticale du radiateur de la figure 1, en configuration montee sur une cloison verticale; - la figure 3 est une section eclatee et a plus grande echelle selon la ligne III-III a la figure 2 et - la figure 4 est une representation schematique de principe d'une installation de fabrication d'un radiator in accordance with its principle and its manufacturing process, given only by way of example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a radiator according to the invention, seen rear; - Figure 2 is a vertical section of the radiator of Figure 1, in a configuration mounted on a vertical wall; - Figure 3 is an exploded section and on a larger scale along line III-III in Figure 2 and - Figure 4 is a schematic representation of principle of a manufacturing facility of a

radiateur selon les figures 1 a 3.radiator according to figures 1 to 3.

Le radiateur 1 represente aux figures 1 a 3 est destine a etre monte sur une cloison verticale C. Il comprend trots panneaux en verre, a savoir un panneau intermediaire 2 dispose entre un panneau frontal 3 et un The radiator 1 shown in Figures 1 to 3 is intended to be mounted on a vertical partition C. It comprises three glass panels, namely an intermediate panel 2 arranged between a front panel 3 and a

panneau arriere 4.rear panel 4.

Les trots panneaux 2, 3 et 4 vent en verre trempe et vent assembles en une structure multi-couches ainsi qutil ressort des explications qui suivent. Une baguette superieure 5 et une baguette inferieure 6, respectivement pourvues de capuchons d'extremites 51 et 61, vent prevues pour etre montees en parties superieure et inferieure du radiateur 1 en recevant les panneaux 2, 3 et 4 dans des rainures 52, respectivement 62, de geometric adaptee. Deux montants 7 et 8 vent prevus pour relier les baguettes 5 et 6 sur l'arriere du radiateur 1 et permettre la fixation du radiateur 1 sur la cloison C, tout en rigidifiant ['ensemble. A la place des capuchons 51 et 61, des cornieres metalliques non representees peuvent etre utilisees pour immobiliser les panneaux 2, 3 et 4 dans les rainures 52 et 62. Le montant 8 supporte une unite electronique de regulation du fonctionnement du radiateur 1, cette unite etant alimentee en courant a partir du secteur, comme represente par le fil 91. L'unite 9 est egalement reliee au panneau 2 par un fil 92 d'alimentation en courant d'un circuit resistif 10 appose sur la face 21 du panneau 2 The trots panels 2, 3 and 4 are made of tempered glass and are assembled in a multi-layer structure as shown in the following explanations. An upper strip 5 and a lower strip 6, respectively provided with end caps 51 and 61, are provided to be mounted in the upper and lower parts of the radiator 1 by receiving the panels 2, 3 and 4 in grooves 52, respectively 62 , from adapted geometric. Two uprights 7 and 8 wind provided to connect the rods 5 and 6 on the rear of the radiator 1 and allow the fixing of the radiator 1 on the partition C, while stiffening ['together. Instead of the caps 51 and 61, metal angles not shown can be used to immobilize the panels 2, 3 and 4 in the grooves 52 and 62. The upright 8 supports an electronic unit for regulating the operation of the radiator 1, this unit being supplied with current from the mains, as represented by wire 91. Unit 9 is also connected to panel 2 by a wire 92 for supplying current to a resistive circuit 10 affixed to the face 21 of panel 2

tourne vers le panneau arriere 4.turns to the rear panel 4.

Le circuit 10 est forme sur la face 21 du panneau 2 au moyen d'un dispositif 101 de dep8t par serigraphie d'un cordon 10' forme par un melange ou encre a base de verre fritte, d'argent et d'un liant organique tel que, par exemple, de l'ethylcellulose. Le verre fritte est charge au plomb pour abaisser sa temperature de fusion. La geometric du circuit 10 est obtenue par un deplacement du dispositif 101, dans l'espace, comme represente par les fleches F1, F2 The circuit 10 is formed on the face 21 of the panel 2 by means of a device 101 of dep8t by serigraphy of a cord 10 'formed by a mixture or ink based on sintered glass, silver and an organic binder such as, for example, ethylcellulose. Sintered glass is charged with lead to lower its melting temperature. The geometric of the circuit 10 is obtained by a displacement of the device 101, in space, as represented by the arrows F1, F2

et F3 a la figure 4.and F3 in Figure 4.

Le cordon 10' est forme par serigraphie sur une ebauche 2' de panneau de verre non encore trempe. Une fois le cordon 10' depose, l'ebauche 2' est acheminee, par exemple par un convoyeur 102, jusqu'a un four 103 qui comprend une premiere partie 103a dans laquelle l'ebauche 2' est portee iusqu'a une temperature comprise entre environ 700 et environ 800 C, avant que l'ebauche ne soit refroidie dans une partie 103b, lors d'une operation de trempe du panneau 2, qui peut avoir lieu par toute The cord 10 ′ is formed by screen printing on a blank 2 ′ of glass panel not yet tempered. Once the cord 10 'has been deposited, the blank 2' is conveyed, for example by a conveyor 102, to an oven 103 which comprises a first part 103a in which the blank 2 'is brought to a temperature included between about 700 and about 800 C, before the blank is cooled in a part 103b, during a quenching operation of the panel 2, which can take place by any

technique connue, notamment par soufflage diair frais. known technique, in particular by blowing fresh air.

Le verre utilise dans l'encre destinee a former le cordon 10' est choisi de telle sorte que sa temperature de fusion est inferieure a la temperature de chauffage des ebauches 2, dans la partie 103a du four 103. Ainsi, ce verre fond lors du transit des ebauches 2' dans le four The glass used in the ink intended to form the bead 10 ′ is chosen so that its melting temperature is lower than the heating temperature of the blanks 2, in the part 103a of the oven 103. Thus, this glass melts during transit of 2 'blanks in the oven

103, ce qui conduit a la formation du circuit 10. 103, which leads to the formation of circuit 10.

Lors de ['elevation de temperature dans la partie 103a du four, le liant organique du cordon 10' appose sur l'ebauche 2' est elimine, par evaporation, combustion ou tout autre phenomene physique, de sorte que ne subsiste sur le panneau 2 que le melange de verre fondu et d'argent qui When the temperature increases in the part 103a of the oven, the organic binder of the cord 10 'affixed to the blank 2' is eliminated, by evaporation, combustion or any other physical phenomenon, so that no part remains on the panel 2 that the mixture of molten glass and silver which

constitue alors le circuit lo.then constitutes the circuit lo.

En sortie du four 103, le panneau 2 peut etre deplace At the outlet of the oven 103, the panel 2 can be moved

-10 jusque sur un chariot 104.-10 to a cart 104.

Le panneau 2 dispose sur le chariot 104 peut alors etre achemine jusqu'a une station de travail suivante dans laquelle il est assemble avec un panneau 3 et un panneau 4 pour former une structure multi-couches 234 sur laquelle The panel 2 arranged on the carriage 104 can then be routed to a next work station in which it is assembled with a panel 3 and a panel 4 to form a multi-layer structure 234 on which

vent alors montes des elements 5 a 9. wind then mounted elements 5 to 9.

Comme represente plus particulierement a la figure 3, la face 31 du panneau 3 tournee vers le panneau 2 et la face 41 du panneau 4 tournee vers le panneau 2 vent chacune revetues d'une couche d'adhesif 32, respectivement 42, permettant la formation de la structure 234 independamment As shown more particularly in FIG. 3, the face 31 of the panel 3 facing the panel 2 and the face 41 of the panel 4 facing the panel 2 are each coated with a layer of adhesive 32, respectively 42, allowing the formation of structure 234 independently

de l'utilisation des baguettes 5 et 6. the use of sticks 5 and 6.

La face 43 du panneau 4 opposee au panneau 2 est. The face 43 of the panel 4 opposite the panel 2 is.

quant a elle, revetue diune couche de metallisation 44 permettant de reflechir le rayonnement thermique provenant as for it, coated with a metallization layer 44 making it possible to reflect the thermal radiation coming from

du circuit 10 en cours de fonctionnement. of circuit 10 during operation.

Ainsi, la diffusion de la chaleur resultant du fonctionnement du circuit 10 a lieu essentiellement vers l' avant du radiateur 1, comme represente par les fleches F4 Thus, the diffusion of the heat resulting from the operation of the circuit 10 takes place essentially towards the front of the radiator 1, as represented by the arrows F4.

a la figure 2.in Figure 2.

Grace a l'utilisation des couches dadhesif 32 et 42, la diffusion de la chaleur, entre les panneaux 2 et 3 et entre les panneaux 4 et 2, est plus efficace, car les couches 32 et 42 evitent la creation d' interstices a l' interface entre les panneaux 2 et 3, d'une part, 2 et 4, dautre part, de telles interstices pouvant resulter des tolerances de fabrication et/ou des irregularites de surface de ces panneaux. En d'autres termes, la conduction calorifique entre les panneaux 2, 3 et 4 est amelioree par l'utilisation des couches dradhesif 32 et 42. A partir du panneau 3, la diffusion de la chaleur vers le volume de la piece a chauffer est effectuee Thanks to the use of the adhesive layers 32 and 42, the diffusion of heat, between the panels 2 and 3 and between the panels 4 and 2, is more effective, because the layers 32 and 42 avoid the creation of interstices at the interface between the panels 2 and 3, on the one hand, 2 and 4, on the other hand, such gaps may result from manufacturing tolerances and / or surface irregularities of these panels. In other words, the heat conduction between the panels 2, 3 and 4 is improved by the use of the dradhesive layers 32 and 42. From the panel 3, the diffusion of heat towards the volume of the room to be heated is performed

essentiellement par rayonnement.essentially by radiation.

Selon un aspect avantageux de ['invention, le panneau 3 peut etre pourvu d'un decor permettant de personnaliser According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, the panel 3 can be provided with a decor making it possible to personalize

l' aspect du radiateur 1 et de masquer le circuit 10. the appearance of the radiator 1 and mask the circuit 10.

Cependant, l'utilisation d'un tel panneau frontal n'est pas obligatoire et une version simplifiee du radiateur peut etre envisagee qui ne comprend que des However, the use of such a front panel is not compulsory and a simplified version of the radiator can be envisaged which only includes

panneaux equivalents aux panneaux 2 et 4 mentionnes ci- panels equivalent to panels 2 and 4 mentioned above

dessus. L'unite 9 comprend un thermostat 93, un bouton de above. Unit 9 includes a thermostat 93, a button

reglage 94 et un interrupteur de marche et d'arret 95. setting 94 and an on / off switch 95.

L'unite 9 est egalement associee, par un fil electrique 96, a un capteur de temperature 97 appose sur la The unit 9 is also associated, by an electrical wire 96, with a temperature sensor 97 affixed on the

face arriere 43 du panneau 4.rear face 43 of panel 4.

Le signal de sortie du capteur 97 est utilise par une partie logique 98 de ['unite 9 pour maintenir la temperature de la structure 234 a une valeur inferieure a une valeur de seuil predeterminee, par exemple egale a C. Ainsi, si le capteur 97 detecte que la structure 234, c'est-a-dire dans le cas d'espece le panneau 4, atteint une temperature de 90 , l'alimentation du circuit 10 par The output signal from the sensor 97 is used by a logic part 98 of the unit 9 to maintain the temperature of the structure 234 at a value lower than a predetermined threshold value, for example equal to C. Thus, if the sensor 97 detects that the structure 234, that is to say in the present case the panel 4, reaches a temperature of 90, the supply of the circuit 10 by

['unite 9 est interrompue.['unit 9 is interrupted.

Le capteur 97 peut etre de tout type connu, par The sensor 97 can be of any known type, for example

exemple bi-metallique.bi-metallic example.

L' invention a ete representee avec un radiateur comprenant un senl circuit resistif. Wile s'applique cependant a un radiateur a plusieurs circuits qui peuvent etre repartis sur les deux faces du panneau intermediaire The invention has been represented with a radiator comprising a resistive circuit. Wile however applies to a radiator with several circuits which can be distributed on both sides of the intermediate panel

lorequ'un panneau frontal est utilise. lore a front panel is used.

Claims

1. Electric radiator comprising at least two glass panels between two of which there is a resistive circuit, characterized in that said resistive circuit (10) is based on glass and silver and deposited (10 ') by screen printing on one side lateral (21) of a

first panel (2) facing a second panel (4).

2. Radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a third glass panel (3) forming a front covering and in that said first panel (2) is disposed between said second (4) and third (3) panels .

3. Radiator according to at least one of the claims

previous, characterized in that said second panel (4) and, optionally, said third panel (3) are coated on their respective faces (31, 41) facing towards

said first panel (2), with a layer of adhesive (32, 42).

4. Radiator according to any one of the claims

above, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one device (97, 98) for limiting the temperature of

at least one of said glass panels (2, 3, 4).

5. Radiator according to claim 4, characterized in that said limiting device is able to cut off the power supply to said resistive circuit (10) when the temperature at said panel (2, 3, 4) reaches a predetermined threshold value, in particular a value equal to

9o C.

30.

6. Radiator according to at least one of the claims

precedents, characterized in that it comprises a bolt box (9) for regulating the operation of said resistive circuit (10), said bolt box being fixed on a post (8) connecting two crosspieces (5, 6) respectively arranged in parts

2841 328

high and low of said panels (2, 3, 4) and forming together and with said upright a means of stiffening

and fixing to said radiator (1).

7. Method for manufacturing an electric radiator comprising at least two glass panels between which there is a resistive circuit, characterized in that it comprises steps consist in: - depositing (F1, F2, F3) by screen printing, on a side face (21) of a non-tempered glass panel (2 '), a conductive ink (10') comprising glass, silver and an organic binder; - heating said panel (at 103a) to a temperature such that the glass contained in the bottom melts, while said binder is removed and

- dip said panel (in 103b).

8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the step of heating said panel (2 ') takes place at a

temperature between about 700 C and about 800 C.

9. Method according to one of claims 7 or 8,

characterized in that the quenching step takes place in the same oven (103) as the heating step or immediately in

exit from the heating oven.

10. Method according to one of claims 7 to 9,

characterized in that it consists in using, as a binder