FR2841209A1 - Solidifying device between two parts that are articulatable relative to one another along a longitudinal axis, e.g. for a tricycle, has seat fitted to longitudinal rod that rotates in collar to prevent inclination of vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The solidifying device includes two solid pieces, two respectively articulatable pieces and a collar (61) centered on a longitudinal axis (x',x). The device also includes an arm (64) for suspending a pendulum block part (62) having a lower face separated by a small gap from the internal face of the collar, so as to lean on it with abutment, in the case of excessive angular deviation of the suspension arm relative to the vertical direction : An independent claim is included for an inclinable vehicle.

Description

predetermine time threshold is adjustable.

  The invention relates to a device for securing between two parts of an articulated system and applies, in particular, to a vehicle

  reclining with three wheels provided with a stabilizing device.

  It is known that there are generally two types of vehicles rolling on the ground, on the one hand trotting or four-wheeled vehicles which are naturally stable at a standstill and, on the other hand, two-wheeled vehicles which are stable only above a minimum speed and which the driver can tilt in curves to maintain the center of gravity in the plane of the apparent vertical, that is to say the result of gravity and

the centrifugal force.

  The usual four-wheeled vehicles are wider and less maneuverable than two-wheeled vehicles which, on the other hand, can not normally be equipped with a weather and shock protection case. Indeed, the driver must be able to put his foot on the ground, at the time of the stop, the side or the vehicle tilts with respect to

  vertical and, when starting, to straighten his vehicle.

  For several years, this problem has been solved by proposing an intermediate vehicle having two wheels spread apart to be stable at the stop but articulated so as to behave on the road, like a dynamically stabilizing two-wheeled vehicle. , bowing in the

  curves to compensate for the effects of centrifugal force.

  Reclining vehicles of this type are described, for example, in FR-A-2600612, FR-A-2639016, FR-A-2688465, DE-A

3611417, GB-A-1561253.

  Generally, such a vehicle rests on three wheels and comprises a chassis in two parts connected to one another by a system articulated around a longitudinal axis, respectively a rear chassis resting on two wheels apart and a front chassis resting on a steering wheel and carry a protective box inside which is placed at least

a seat for the driver.

  In displacement, the articulated system is free and allows the driver to tilt the vehicle, with the body, to maintain the longitudinal median plane thereof in alignment with the apparent vertical, the vehicle behaving like a motorcycle. On the other hand, when the vehicle drops below a certain speed, the system articulates itself

  locks and the vehicle is stabilized by its rear axle.

  In a general way, the articulated system comprises two integral parts in rotation, respectively, of the two frames and the locking of the joint is provided by a device which controls the joining of the

  two parts of the articulated system. in particular, when stopping the vehicle.

  This blocking means is. however, removable because the joint must

  be able to unlock to allow the inclination of the vehicle.

  In the embodiment of the document FR-A-2688465, the articulated system comprises a set of articulated bars forming a deformable parallelogram and comprising two spaced apart substantially parallel to the ground, respectively a lower cross member and a top cross member, articulated around axes. , respectively lower and upper, on two uprights placed on either side of the median plane of the

  front and parallel chassis to this one.

  On the other hand, the removable locking means of the joint is a

  pendulum member constitutes a crossbar associated with two carriages

  blockers. This crossbar forms a beam which, in the equilibrium position of the vehicle for which the two median planes concide, is parallel to the two sleepers which wind they even parallel to the ground and, consequently,

substantially horizontal.

  This transverse beam is suspended from the front frame by two rods which articulated wind, respectively, at a lower end on the transverse beam and has an upper end on a central column of the front frame and which converge to a point place clearly above the longitudinal axis of articulation and constitute an instantaneous center of rotation of the suspended beam. The latter thus behaves like a pendulum which detects the variations of inclination of the body of the vehicle carried by the front frame, with respect to the direction of the apparent vertical. In case of deviation of one side or the other, this pendulum beam controls the joining of the bars of the parallelogram of

  fa, con to prevent deformation of it and to block the system articulates.

  Such a system articulated to a deformable parallelogram is

  relatively complex and quite bulky.

  The subject of the invention is a device for blocking an articulated system which is simpler, less cumbersome and less expensive than the known systems, such a device being, moreover, particularly adapted to

  recumbent vehicles with three wheels of the type described above.

  The invention thus relates generally to a securing device between two parts of a system articulated around a longitudinal axis. According to the invention, the device comprises two pieces integral in rotation, respectively, of each of the two articulated parts, respectively a ferrule-shaped part having a cylindrical inner face centered on the longitudinal axis of articulation and a shaped part. of arms extending upwards transversely to the axis of articulation and having an end spaced apart from said axis on which is suspended a swinging pendulum member mounted oscillating on said suspension arm about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of articulation and having a center of gravity spreads towards the teas with respect to said axis so as to orient itself in the manner of a pendulum in the direction of the apparent vertical, said pendulum member having a lower face spaced apart by a low play of the inner face of the shell of fa, con to be supported on it for the blockage of ['articulation by buttressing of the pendular member on the ferrule, in case of deviation angula excessive arm suspension relative to the

  direction of the apparent vertical determined by the pendulum member.

  Advantageously, the shell forms a housing inside which extends a suspension arm of the pendulum locking member which preferably comprises an oscillating upstanding stand, at its upper part, around a suspension axis and carry , at its lower part, a flyweight comprising two bosses spaced from the inner face of the

ferrule by a very weak game.

  In a preferential embodiment, the two parts of the joint on which the cylindrical shell and the suspension arm are mounted respectively, comprise a central shaft and a tubular sheath threaded and rotatably mounted on each other by means of intermediate of bearings. In general, such a locking device can be applied to any type of reclining vehicle resting on at least three wheels and comprising a chassis in two parts, respectively a first stabilizing part resting on the ground by two wheels spaced on both sides of a longitudinal median plane and a second part carry a conductor and resting on the ground by at least one wheel, the two parts being connected by a system articulated about a longitudinal axis, allowing the tilt

  in curves when the vehicle is on the road.

  In such an application, the part with two stabilizing wheels of the vehicle and the part carrying the driver can be secured, in order to block the inclination of the vehicle, by means of a device according to the invention in which the cylindrical shell and the suspension arm of the pendular pendulum wind jointed member in rotation, respectively, of the two parts of the vehicle. The latter can thus tilt freely relative to the ground tent that the median plane in which is placed the axis of suspension is directed in the direction of the apparent vertical determined by the pendulum member. On the other hand, when the median plane of the vehicle deviates from the direction of the apparent vertical, the pendulum member blocks the inclination

  by bracing on the ferrule, solidarisant the two parts of the vehicle.

  Such a system, as described in the previous patents of the same inventor, avoids errors, especially for a novice driver who, being locked in the vehicle body, may not appreciate the inclination correctly to give to this one. This may be preferable also when the vehicle is traveling at a low speed, for example

  example, in an encumbered traffic.

  On the other hand, when the vehicle is traveling at a sufficiently high speed to ensure, of course, the dynamic stabilization, it may be preferable to eliminate any risk of abnormal blockage of O, for example, to a false

  driver movement or has a significant road irregularity.

  In a preferred embodiment, the vehicle therefore comprises a removable device for locking, en route, the pendulum member in its median position of unlocking the articulation and a means for controlling the locking device for a vehicle speed.

greater than a given threshold.

  Thus, from a certain threshold speed that can be chosen by the manufacturer or possibly by the driver, the tilt lock system no longer plays, the body being perfectly free and the driving of the

  vehicle strictly identical to that of a normal two-wheeled vehicle.

  Such a locking device may comprise a latch depla, cable between a spaced apart position of release of the pendulum member for the locking thereof in its median position, a means of detecting the speed of the vehicle and a control means of the movement of the latch from its removed position to its engaged position, actuates by the means

  detection when the speed of the vehicle exceeds a given threshold.

  Particularly advantageously, the means for controlling the displacement of the latch from its stowed position to its engaged position is electrically controlled from pulses emitted by a speed detector, at a time interval t inversely proportional to the speed. for moving the vehicle, by means of a delay relay comprising a pulse reception circuit, a charging circuit for supplying the control means for a time t: from the pulse, a first circuit of closing of the charging circuit with a given delay time after each pulse and a second closing circuit of the charging circuit for a given time to start from the pulse, the charging circuit being thus closed, in a continuous manner, when the time t between two pulses is less than the delay time t of the first closing circuit and open, in a continuous manner, in the opposite case.

  But the invention will be better understood by the following description of

  certain particular embodiments given by way of non-specific example

  restrictive and shown in the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows in perspective a vehicle with the articule mu ni of a

  securing device according to the invention.

  Figure 2 is a schematic view, in longitudinal section, of a

  securing device according to the invention.

  Figure 3 is a front view of the securing device.

  Figure 4 shows, schematically, how the pendulum works

and a locking device.

  Figure 5 is a diagram of electric power of the locking device. Figures 6a, 6b, 6c show diagrams illustrating the

  operation of the electric locking device.

  Figure 7 shows, schematically, a control system

hydraulic lock.

  FIG. 1 partially shows, in perspective, an articulated vehicle according to the invention comprising two chassis, respectively, a rear chassis 1 and a front chassis 2, connected to each other about a longitudinal axis. x'x, via a hinge 3 comprising a central tube 11 and a tubular sheath 21 rotatably mounted on one another by

  Through unrepresented bearings.

  The central tube 11 is integral with the rear frame 1 and carries, at its rear end, two arms 12a, 12b which rest on a rear axle not shown bearing on the ground by two spaced wheels rotating about a transverse axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis x'x of the central tube 11. The tubular sheath 21 is integral with the front frame 2 which rests on a front wheel steering 22 mounted on a steering column 23 and oriented by a handlebar or wheel 26. On the other hand, the front frame 2 carries at least one seat 24 for the driver and ['set is enclosed in a box of

  protection not shown in the figure.

  The rear chassis 1 is centered on a longitudinal median plane P1 passing through the axis of articulation x'x and orthogonal to the ground while the front chassis 2 is centered on a longitudinal median plane P2 which can tilt a cotb or the other relative to the first median plane P1 by rotating about the axis of articulation x'x. However, the inclination of the front frame 2 relative to the rear frame 1 can be prevented by a removable device

blocking according to the invention.

  This locking device 6 is shown in detail in Figures 2 and 3 and comprises, essentially, a housing 61 fixed to the tubular sheath 11 of the rear frame 1 and bounded by a cylindrical shell inside which is placed a pendulum 62 suspended around a longitudinal axis 63 on an arm 64 integral in rotation with the central shaft 21 of the front frame 2 and

perpendicular to it.

  The central shaft 21 passes with play into an opening of the pendulum 62 which can thus oscillate on either side of the median plane P2 of the front frame 2 in which is placed the suspension axis 63 of the pendulum 62. This is balanced by an inferior weight 65 comprising two bosses 66a,

  66b gaps of the inner face of the shell of the housing 61 by a very weak game j.

  In this way, when the median plane P2 of the front frame 2 inclines with respect to the direction of the apparent vertical determined by the pendulum 62, the boss 66 places the cate to which it is inclined comes into contact with the ferrule 61 , the shape of the bosses 66 being chosen to ensure the best

  possible contact when this occurs.

  FIG. 4 shows the operation of the forces involved when the vehicle body, secured to the front frame 2, tends to incline, for example to the right, the suspension pin 63 of the pendulum carries by the arm 64 integral in rotation of the central shaft 21 'tending to turn about the axis x'x in the direction of the arrow F. The center of gravity of the pendulum 62 then moves to the right relative to the median plane P2 and the boss correspond 66a of the weight 65 comes into contact with the ferrule 61 of the housing at a point A. It then appears, between this point A and the center B of the hinge axis 63 of the pendulum 62, a force F which is compensated by the reaction R of the casing passing through the center

O of ferrule 61.

  If we have: ## EQU1 ## being the coefficient of friction of the boss 66 on the inner surface of the collar 61 of the casing, the pendulum formed by the pendulum 62 is braced and, consequently, blocking rotation, both parties

  11 and 21 'of articulation being secured in rotation.

  Thus, when the vehicle is en route, the driver can tilt in the curves, maintaining the median plane P2 of the front frame 2 in the plane of the apparent vertical, that is to say the result of gravity and centrifugal force. The center of gravity of the pendulum member 62 remains

  then in the median plane P2 of the chassis before 2.

  As a result, the vehicle behaves en route like a vehicle

two wheels with dynamic stability.

  On the other hand, when the vehicle stops, its speed decreases below the threshold from which the stability can no longer be obtained dynamically. The front frame 2 has a tendency to incline relative to the ground and its median plane P2 away from one side or the other relative to the median plane P1 of the rear chassis 1 which remains perpendicular to the ground. The suspension arm 64 therefore tends to incline with respect to the pendulum 62 which is subjected only to gravity and therefore remains substantially vertical. The joint 3 is blocked, the chassis before 2 restart

  slightly inclined to the ground.

  This stability, at the stop, of the vehicle makes it possible to equip it with a

  driver protection box carried by the front chassis 2.

  However, if the vehicle starts in this position, it will turn slightly to the side to which it is inclined before finding sufficient dynamic stability to bring the second median plane P2 in

  concidence with the first median plane P1 of the rear chassis.

  This disadvantage, does not exist in a conventional two-wheeled vehicle that the driver can straighten while resting on the ground, in order to leave in a straight line, but this is not possible when the driver

is in a closed box.

  The invention makes it possible to solve this problem thanks to an auxiliary platform 5 which constitutes a virtual floor on which the driver can take support in order to straighten the front chassis of the vehicle, at the moment of

  starting, by unlocking the articulation.

  In the example of application shown in FIG. 1, this auxiliary platform 5 is fixed, at the rear, on the tubular sheath 11 and comprises two parts forming footrests 52 which extend on either side of the central shaft 21 of the front frame 2 and rest thereon, a ['before, by a bearing 53 which rotates the shaft 21 in case of inclination of the

front chassis 2.

  When the driver takes his place in the stopped vehicle, he can therefore close the bodywork and rest with one foot on the footrest 51 on the side to which the body is tilted to straighten it with support, in the direction opposite, for example, on the steering handlebar 26. Thus, the median plane P2 of the front frame 2 returns to the vertical of the center of gravity of the pendulum 62 which is again free, the articulation being unlocked, and the vehicle can start in a straight line. As soon as the speed is sufficient, the dynamic stability can be ensured naturally by the driver, as on a vehicle with two wheels. In order not to disturb the operation of the articulated system, it is preferable for the driver to place his feet, while on the road, on other fixed footrests 25 on the tubular sheath 21 of the front frame 2 and rotating with it around the longitudinal axis of articulation x'x. However, blocking the insertion of the body is only necessary for a zero or very low speed. If the driver is experienced enough to provide dynamic stability by tilting his body according to the apparent vertical plane detected by the position of the pendulum, it is preferable to avoid any risk of inadvertent blocking which could be due to a false movement of the driver. or has a significant irregularity of the road. Therefore, the locking system is preferably provided with a

  locking device of the pendulum control from a speed threshold.

  Above this speed which corresponds to that from which the dynamic stability can be assured, the articulation locking control is locked, the body being perfectly free to bow and

  the driving of the vehicle being identical to that of a vehicle with two wheels.

  Such a locking device 7 schematically in FIG. 4 comprises, for example, a latch 71 mounted at the end of an arm 72 rotating about an axis 70 and engageable in a notch.

  housed in the median plane of the 65 weight.

  A return spring 73 acting on the arm 72 holds the latch 71 in a remote position allowing the operation of the pendulum and the

  2S blocking of the joint, if necessary.

  However, an electromagnet 74 actuated by a control device 8 comprising a speed measuring means makes it possible, from a certain speed threshold, to engage the latch 71 in the notch 67 and, consequently, to block the pendulum 62 in its balanced equilibrium position. Below this speed threshold, the electromagnet 74 does not operate and the

  latch 71, recalled by the spring 73, releases the pendulum 62.

  Figure 5 gives, by way of example, a diagram of a system

  electrical lock control 71.

  The speed measuring device comprises a wheel 75 referred to as a "sound wheel" associated, for example, with one of the wheels of the vehicle or any

  pigeon whose speed of rotation is proportional to the speed of the vehicle.

  This wheel 75 carries a raised metal mark 76 whose passage near a sensor 77 provides a pulse in a circuit U for receiving a delay relay 8 comprising, according to the usual names, functions B or C. D ' In general, this time relay 8 comprises a circuit U which comprises the pulses of the sensor 77, two series circuits C 1 and C 2 which constitute the control circuit, and a load circuit Z which supplies power.

  electromagnet 74 or, at least, a control relay of this electro-

  magnet. As shown in FIGS. 6a, 6b, 6c, the load circuit Z is not powered by the fact that the time interval t between two pulses u, u2 is greater than a time delay t and is fed continuously. as soon as t is less than t. A pulse U 'triggers a closing stroke of the circuit C but only after a delay time t and an immediate closure

  circuit C2 for a time to a little lower than t.

  At start-up, the speed is reduced and the interval t between two impulses is the same. The impu ion is its ns effect, the continuity C, + C2 not being assured (Figure 6a) and [3 articulation is blocked. As the speed increases, the pulses come closer. As the time t between two successive pulses becomes equal to the delay time t (FIG. 6b), the circuits C 'and C2 are closed simultaneously, which causes the charging circuit Z to be powered for a duration t2 that is greater than and subsequently a continuity of closure of this circuit, tent

  t remains lower than t (Figure 6c).

  The electromagnet 74 is then energized and tilts the lever 72 rotating about the axis 70 which is integral, as the axis 63 of suspension

  pendulum, the plate 64, itself fast in rotation of the front frame 2.

  The latch 71 then engages in the notch 67 and the pendulum 62 thus locks in its median position can not produce any blockage between the two chassis before 2 and rear 1. The vehicle then behaves like a

two wheels.

  Conversely, if the speed decreases, the pendulum 62 is unlocked when t, becomes greater than t and the hinge locks to ensure

stability of the vehicle.

  FIG. 7 schematically shows, by way of example, another system for controlling the locking and unlocking of the pendulum 62. As previously, the pendulum 62 can be locked in its median position by a latch 71 which can be constituted, for example , a scum coming into a notch 67 of the pendulum 62. This latch 71 is mounted at the end of a lever 72 pivoting about an axis 70 and maintained

  in position separated by a return spring 73.

  In the opposite direction, a pusher 78 acting against the action of the return spring 73 allows the lever 72 to be rotated to engage the

latch 71 in the notch 67.

  This pusher 78 is mounted on the piston 81 of a jack 80 having a pressure chamber supplied by a suction-booster pump 82 comprising a cylindrical body inside which is slidably mounted a piston 83 actuated by a voice wheel 75 whose rotation speed is

  related to the speed of movement of the vehicle.

  The movement back and forth of the piston 83 is controlled, for this purpose, by a pair of permanent magnets mounted in opposition, that is to say with the poles of the same name face to face, one, 84 on the wheel 75 and the other, 85 has 1'extremite a rod connected to the piston 83. A spring 86 brings back the piston 83

in the rest position.

  The piston 83 thus receives a pulse each time the magnet 84 2S passes in front of the magnet 85 and sends towards the jack 80, through a non-return valve 86, a certain quantity of fluid which displaces the piston 81 of the cylinder 80 of a position V, has a position V2 and, as a result, the scale 71 of a position T 'has a position T2. Successive analogous actions tend to cause the gales 71 to penetrate into the notch 47. However, the jack is provided with a controlled leakage orifice 87 whose damping action, combined with the return of the spring 73, places the movement of the 71 under the dependence of the frequency of the movement of the pump 82, that is to say, ultimately, under the influence of the speed of the vehicle. A valve 88 limits the pressure in the circuits and returns the fluid to an unpressurized reservoir 89, when the

speed increases.

  This device operates as follows: - At the stop, the spring 73 forces the fluid from the jack 80 to the reservoir 89 through the controlled leak 87, and the scale 71 is released from the notch 67. The weight 65 is released and the blocking functions when the vehicle is tilted; when the vehicle starts, at the first coincidence between the positions of the two magnets 84 and 85, the piston 83 is pushed back and sends to the jack 80 a certain amount of fluid which causes the piston 81 to move from a position V to a position V2 and the gales 71 of a position T 'has a position T2. This position does not yet realize the blocking of the weight. This blocking occurs only as a result of one or more similar actions depending on the frequency of repetition of the action, the value of the leakage controlled and the characteristic of the springs which determine from tail frequency of pulses, that is to say, in practice, from tail speed of movement of the vehicle, the leak is compensated by the supply of the jack 80, and the scale 71 remains maintained in the notch 67. pendulum 62 is then immobilized and the body 2 can be inclined freely to ensure the

dynamic stability.

  The invention is obviously not limited to the details of the embodiments that have just been described as a simple example, other variants that can be imagined without departing from the defined protection framework

  by the claims. For example, it is advantageous to make a vehicle

  with three wheels having a rear axle of stability and a front wheel steering but it could also be replaced by two wheels spread and carried by the two uprights of a parallelogram deformable place a

  before, in the manner indicated for example in GB-A-1561253.

  The reference signs inserted after the technical characteristics

  mentioned in the claims, are only intended to facilitate the

  understanding of these derriere and do not limit the scope.

Claims (14)

  1. Device for securing between two parts articulated one over the other about a longitudinal axis, characterized in that it comprises two parts integral in rotation, respectively, of each of the two articulated parts, respectively a piece of ferrule form (61) having a cylindrical inner face centered on the longitudinal axis of articulation (x'x) and an arm-shaped piece (64) extending upwards, transversely to the axis of articulation and having an end spaced apart from said axis (x'x) on which is suspended a pendulum blocking member (62) oscillates on said suspension arm (64) about an axis (63) parallel to the longitudinal axis of articulation (x'x) and having a center of gravity spreads towards the teas with respect to said axis (x'x) of fac, one has to move in the manner of a pendulum in the direction of the apparent vertical, said organ pendulum (62) having a lower face (66) spaced by a weak clearance 0) of the inner face of the v irole (61) so as to bear against it for the blocking of the hinge articulation of the pendulum member (62) on the ferrule (61), in the event of excessive angular deviation of the arm of suspension (64) relative to the direction of the apparent vertical determined by the pendulum (62).   2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell (61) forms a housing within which extends an arm (64) of   suspension of the pendulum locking member (62).   3. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized by the   the pendulum blocking member is constituted by an oscillating upstanding lever (62), at its upper part, about a suspension axis (63) and carrying, at its lower part, a counterweight (65) comprising two bosses (66a, 66b) of the inner face of ferrule 61 by a tres weak game 0).   4. Device according to one of claims 1, 2, 3 characterized by the   that the two parts of the joint on which the cylindrical ferrule (61) and the suspension arm (64) are respectively mounted, comprise a central shaft (11) and a tubular sheath (21) threaded and   rotary mounts on one another by means of bearings.   5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the central shaft (11) passes with play in an opening in the pendulum member (62).   6. Reclining vehicle resting on at least three wheels and comprising a chassis in two parts, respectively a first portion (1) of stabilization resting on the ground by two wheels (13) spaced apart on either side of a longitudinal median plane (P1) and a second portion (2) carry a conductor and resting on the ground by at least one wheel (22), the two parts (1, 2) being connected by a system (3) articulates around a longitudinal axis , allowing inclination in the curves when the vehicle is   en route and comprising a device (6) according to one of the claims   for locking the inclination by securing the stabilizing portion (1) with the portion (2) carry the conductor, characterized in that the cylindrical shell (61) and the suspension arm (64) of the the two parts (1, 2) of the vehicle, which can be inclined freely relative to the ground so that the median plane (P2) of the part (2) carries the driver, are connected together in rotation (30). , in which is placed the suspension axis (63) of the pendulum locking member (62), is directed in the direction of the apparent vertical, said pendulum member (62) determining, by buttressing on the ferrule ( 61), the locking of the inclination by securing the two parts (1, 2) of the vehicle, when the median plane (P2) of its portion (2) bear the driver departs from   the direction of the apparent vertical.   7. Reclining vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that the pendulum locking member comprises a crutch (62) suspended at one end of the arm (64), about an axis (63) parallel to the axis of articulation (x'x) and placed in the median plane of the corresponding part of the frame, said lever (62) swinging inside the shell (61) and bearing on it by a lower end (66) , in case of inclination to said median plane with respect to the direction of the crutch (62) with bracing of the latter on the ferrule (61) and blocking the inclination of the vehicle.   Reclining vehicle according to one of claims 6 and 7,   characterized in that it comprises a removable device (7) for locking, en route, the pendulum member (62) in its median position of release of the hinge and means (72, 74) for controlling the device locking device (7) for a vehicle speed greater than one threshold gives.   9. Reclining vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that the fact that the locking device (7) comprises a latch (71) depla cable between a spaced apart position of release of the pendulum member (62) for fixing of the latter in its median position, means (76, 84) for detecting the speed of the vehicle and means (72, 74) for controlling the displacement of the latch (71) from its displaced position to its engaged position, under action of the detection means (76, 84), when the speed of the vehicle exceeds a given threshold.   10. Reclining vehicle according to claim 9 characterized in that the means (72, 74) for controlling the movement of the latch (71) from its position to its engaged position is electrically controlled from pulses emitted by a detector of speed, at a time interval t, inversely proportional to the vehicle traveling speed, by means of a timing relay (8) comprising a pulse reception circuit U, a load circuit Z for the power supply of the vehicle, control means (74) for a time t2 from the pulse, a first circuit C for closing the charging circuit Z with a delay time t after each pulse and a second circuit C2 for closing the charging circuit Z a from the pulse, for a time to less than said delay time t, the load circuit Z being thus closed in a continuous manner when the time t 'between two pulses u ,, u2, is less than the delay time t from the first   closing circuit (C ') and open, in a continuous manner, in the opposite case.   11. Reclining vehicle according to claim 9 characterized by the fact that the means for controlling the movement of the latch (71) is a lever (72) pushes in the direction of engagement of the latch (71), against the action of a return spring (73), by a pusher (78) integral with the piston (81) of a first cylinder (80) supplies, with a controlled leak, a circuit (82) receiving pulses each determining the passage of a a certain quantity of hydraulic fluid in the chamber of the jack (80) to push the piston (81) and the pusher (78) in the direction of engagement of the lock (71), said pulses being produced by a device (75) for detecting speed has a frequency depending on the speed of movement of the vehicle.   Tiltable vehicle according to one of claims 6 to 11   characterized in that it comprises a means (5) for controlling the release of the articulation, at least during vehicle start-up, comprising an auxiliary platform (5) integral, in rotation, with the first part (1) of stabilizing the vehicle and comprising, at least, two footrest (51) places substantially at the same level relative to the ground, on either side of the axis of articulation (x'x) and each constitute, from the side to which part (2) bear the driver is inclined, a support for the recovery of said portion (2) by the driver of the vehicle, with return of the pendulum member (62) in its middle position of unlocking of articulation (3).   13. Reclining vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the articulation (1) between the two parts (1, 2) of the vehicle comprises a central shaft (11) integral in rotation with one of the parts (1). and a tubular sheath (21) integral in rotation with the other part (2), said sheath (21) being slipped on the central shaft (11) and rotatably mounted thereon about an axis longitudinal (x'x).   14. Reclining vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that the auxiliary platform (5) comprises two footrests (51, 52) extending on either side of the longitudinal axis (x'x), parallel thereto, and fixed on the sleeve (21), the latter being integral in rotation with the