FR2839802A1 - Solar panel monitoring system includes temperature sensor linked to transmitter sending message to personal digital assistant - Google Patents

Abstract

The system for monitoring remote solar installations includes a measuring unit, determining temperature, and an electronic message generator sending messages to a central station (110). When an anomaly is detected a warning message is transmitted via a second information network for example to a personal digital assistant (PDA). The system for monitoring remote installations includes, at each remote installation (100), at least one device for measuring a physical value - for example temperature. An electronic message generator produces message representative of the value and these are transmitted to a predetermined address by a computer network. A central station (110) includes a circuit for reception of the electronic message from each remote installation, and a processing system for detecting any anomalies in the operation of the remote installation. When an anomaly is detected a warning message is generated. The warning message is then transmitted via a second information network.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING REMOTE FACILITIES

  The present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling

  remote installations. Wile applies, in particular to the control of solar stations.

  The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks. To this end, the present invention relates, according to a first aspect, to a device for controlling remote installations comprising installations to be monitored and a central installation, characterized in that: a / each remote installation to be monitored comprises: - at least one means for measuring a physical quantity, - a means for generating electronic messages representative of measurements carried out by at least one measuring means, - a means for transmitting electronic messages to a predetermined address on a first computer network, bl poses it central comprises: - a means of receiving electronic messages transmitted by each remote installation to be monitored, - a means of processing the measurements represented by said messages, to detect a possible operating anomaly of said remote installation, - when an anomaly is detected , a means of generating an alert message, and - a means of transmitting each alert message to at least a

  predetermined address on a second computer network.

  Thanks to these provisions: - the cost of each remote installation is reduced, since the processing means are concentrated in the central posse, - the maintenance of the processing means is simplified since only one processing means, in the central posse, is used work, - in the event of an operating anomaly, an intervention can be triggered, for example by notifying a maintenance service, the user of the remote installation and / or by sending a message for configuration or re-programming of

['remote installation.

  It is observed that the first and the second computer network can be identical, for example the Internet network, or at least partially different, the second computer network can be a telecommunications network,

possibly not wired.

  According to particular characteristics, the central posse comprises a means of generating operating reports for each remote installation to be monitored and the message transmission means is adapted to transmit each said report to a

  predetermined address on a third computer network.

  It is observed that the third computer network can be identical or different from the first and second computer networks. For example, the third computer network is made up of the web, that is to say operates on the basis of a website

  comprising pages containing elements of said balance sheets.

  According to particular characteristics, the means of transmitting electronic messages to the predetermined address on the first computer network is a

  means of transmission of electronic mail.

  Thanks to these provisions, the remote installation is reduced in cost because it uses

  means of known type of lower cost.

  According to particular characteristics, each means of measuring a physical quantity is adapted to carry out measurements at regular time intervals, - the means for generating electronic messages representative of measurements is adapted to generate an electronic message representing a plurality of measurements of each measuring means, and - the means for transmitting electronic messages to the predetermined address on the first computer network is adapted to transmit an electronic message at regular time interval greater than the time interval between

  measurements made by each means of measuring a physical quantity.

  Thanks to these provisions, each electronic message represents a great

  quantity of measures, which reduces transmission costs.

  According to particular characteristics, at least one remote installation is a solar installation which comprises - a means for measuring the temperature of a liquid,

  - at least one pump for circulating said liquid in the hydraulic network.

  - a means of regulating triggering the said pump as a function of

liquid temperatures.

  Thanks to these provisions, each remote installation can optimize its

  energy consumption for activating said pump.

  According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for controlling remote installations comprising installations to be monitored and a central installation, characterized in that it comprises: a / for each remote installation to be monitored: - at least one step of measurement of a physical quantity, - a step of generating electronic messages representative of measurements carried out by at least one measuring means, - a step of transmitting electronic messages to a predetermined address on a first computer network, b / for the posse central: - a step for receiving electronic messages transmitted by each remote installation to be monitored, - a step for processing the measurements represented by said messages, to detect a possible operating anomaly in said remote installation, when an anomaly is detected , a step of generating an alert message, and - a step of transmitting each alert message to at least one

  predetermined address on a second computer network.

  The advantages, aims and particular characteristics of this process being identical to those of the device as succinctly explained above, they do not sell

call back here.

  Other advantages, aims and characteristics of the present invention will emerge

  of the description which will follow, made with reference to the annexed drawings in which:

  - Figure 1 shows, diagrammatically, an embodiment of the device object of the present invention, and - Figure 2 shows a partial flowchart of operating posse

central illustrated in Figure 2.

  We observe, in FIG. 1, a remote installation to be monitored 100, a first computer network 105, a central station 110, a second computer network 115, a communication terminal 120, a third computer network 125, pages

  computer 130, a fourth computer network 135 and documents 140.

  The first computer network 105 is here the Internet and, more precisely, the transmission of electronic mail part of this network. As a variant, it is a private network using a predetermined protocol, possibly the TCP / IP protocol. The second computer network 115 is here the Internet and, more precisely, the transmission of electronic mails to portable terminals of the personal assistant type (in English "personal digital assistant" or PDA). As a variant, this is a wireless telecommunication network on which WAP or SMS type messages are sent (for "short message" or short messages). The communication terminal 120 is here a portable terminal of the personal assistant type. The third computer network 125 is here the Internet network and, more precisely, its web or web part by which computer pages 130, for example in HTML or XML format, are made available, on request, to any authorized user, for example by personal password. The fourth computer network 135 is here the telephone network on which faxes, electronic mails or

WAP or SMS messages.

  The remote installation to be monitored 100 comprises a solar panel 150, at least one water tank 155, a pump 160, a programmable electronic circuit, a modem 170 and a non-volatile memory 175. The remote installation 100 performs

  the production of domestic hot water and heating.

  The programmable electronic circuit 165 consists, for example of an industrial standard PC104 motherboard with: - x86 processor of Intel brand (registered trademark), - non-volatile SRAM 32 kb memory, thanks to a battery, - EEPROM 2 kb for setting the local station, parking meter with battery, - 6 temperature inputs, 2 voltage inputs and 4 logic inputs (analog inputs are used to measure water temperatures or [solar irradiation, water quantities wind measured by one or more water meters fitted with a pulse emitter. Each pulse corresponds to a certain quantity of water. This wind the logic inputs which allow these pulses to be counted and therefore the volume of water) , - 4 logic outputs, - RS232 connectors, standard external modem (connection to an SMTP server), and

- standard external power supply.

  In general, the programmable electronic circuit 165 is connected to different "strategic" points of the solar installation, by sensors (cold water temperature, outlet temperature of water tank heated by solar energy, outlet temperature d hot water, outlet temperature from solar collector, water meter, ...). The circuit 165 measures, detects and sends the measurement data to the central station 110. In the event of impossibility of transmission (modem disconnected), the

  wind measurements stored in local non-volatile memory 175.

  In a more detailed way, during any launch, the 165 programmable electronic card executes a configuration defined by a config.sys file then by an autoexec.bat file then launches an application defined by a file with a termination

  ".exe" whose operation is detailed below.

  The programmable electronic card 165 performs the local and periodic acquisition of the measurements defined in the following nomenclature: - TEF is the cold water temperature, - TSS is the outlet temperature of the hot water tank 155 "solar stock", - TSA is the backup outlet temperature, - TSC is the solar collector outlet temperature 150, AT CECSi is the domestic hot water consumption (DHW) over a determined time interval (for example ten minutes) - PIRR is [' solar irradiation (The measurement of solar irradiation is carried out by means of a sunshine probe which delivers an electric current which varies in a linear fashion with the sunshine. This probe is connected to an analog input), - DPPi is the operating time of the primary pump (meter), - DPSi is the operating time of the secondary pump (meter), - ESoli is the solar energy produced by the system over a time interval

  predetermined (for example ten minutes) defined by the formula: (TSS-TEF) x CECSi.

  - EAppi is the additional energy supplied over a determined time step.

  The programmable electronic card 165 performs: - filtering (that is to say an average) of the data acquired on each analog flight, - compacting (that is to say compression) of the measurement data to be transferred, - the storage of the compacted measurement data (the oldest wind overwritten by the most recent), - the transfer of the data by e-mail to the central position: once a day (the periodicity may be different, for example several times per day, or vice versa every two days) a holiday with station identifier and status indicators (faults, station restart numbers) is added. and, optionally, the date. The data is coded according to an IEEE code. The transfer is carried out according to the

  standard IP protocols for e-mail through a PPP connection.

  The transmission of data by e-mail messaging is carried out in the following manner. The programmable electronic circuit 165 continuously tests the date of issue of the content of an intermediate memory, referred to as "buffer zone". The date is made up of a day interval counted from the power up of the system, associated with the hour and the minute of sending. When the issue date is detected, the header of the content of the buffer zone to be sent is updated (flags, or "flags" and time stamp) and a mail transfer manager is executed. This manager is used to connect to the server of the Internet service provider, to transfer the total content of the buffer zone in hexadecimal ASCII code format and to disconnect from the server. If the operation is carried out without error, the programmable electronic card 165 resets its day interval and hence its periodic management. Otherwise,

  two new wind connections made at time intervals of 8 minutes each.

  If the mission still fails, three new attempts are made the next day at the same time.

  hour, until the successful transfer of data.

  It is observed that, in the event of transfer failure (line cut, blocking of the transfer,) the duration of the time interval between two measurements can be modified - to keep in the buffer zone of the measurements covering a greater period of time. The indication of change of duration is inserted in the header of the content of the

buffer.

  The programmable electronic circuit 165 furthermore regulates the solar system to which it is connected, in particular a secondary pump, by means of 4

  power relay. it incorporates calibration curves for temperature probes.

  As a variant, these wind curves kept and implemented in the central posse. The regulation uses the measures kept in memory. Wile uses the setpoint and deviation parameters defined in the remote installation 100, parameters which can be updated by the central posse 110 (see below). By way of example, the operating laws implemented by the regulation are given below. These operating laws use the measures defined above as well as the following constant parameters: - Tref is a constant reference temperature (for example Tref = 20) - AP1 H and BP1 H are two constant parameters associated with the high irradiation threshold relating to primary pump operation. We will for example API H

= 150 and BP1H = 7.5.

  - AP1 B and BP1 B have two constant parameters associated with the irradiation teas threshold relating to the operation of the primary pump. For example, we will have API B

= 120 and BP1 B = 7.5.

  - DeltaTH is the high threshold relating to the operation of the secondary pump (for example DeltaTH = 5) - DeltaTB is the teas threshold relating to the operation of the secondary pump (for example DeltaTB = 2) A The primary pump is started if the PIRR measurement is greater than API H x (TSS-20) + BP1 H. The primary pump is stopped if the PIRR measurement is less than API B x (TSS

) + BP1 B.

  The secondary pump is started if the difference (TSC-TSS) is

superior to DeltaTH.

  The secondary pump is stopped if the difference (TSC-TSS) is less than DeltaTB. Thanks to the implementation of the regulation, the operating time is reduced

  pumps without reducing the solar production of the remote installation.

  Central posse 110 is responsible for collecting and analyzing the measurements transmitted by remote installations 100. Central posse 110 provides the following automated functions: - management of site lists, with their characteristics, - collection of measurement files (detection of incoming e-mails), A - analysis of measurement files and detection of anomalies (Analysis uses original calculation algorithms characterizing the operation of a remote installation), editing of analysis results, - alerts of maintenance workers by fax or e-mail (or telephone with voice synthesis), and - sending of monthly reports by fax or e-mail, with calculation of the GRS contract (for

"Solar Results Guarantee").

  These basic functions are supplemented by: - dissemination of the results: making available on a dedicated website the results of each installation (consumption compared to daily potential, temperatures

  damage, dissipation of avoided C02, ...).

  - maintenance assistance: shaping of characteristics and

  history of each installation, trying to help on-site maintenance.

  The dissemination of the results includes: 1 to 1 the analysis of the measurements collected (interval between measurements: approximately 10 minutes) to highlight the most explicit parameters and ratios as to

  operation, performance and use of the installations.

  1-b / the graphic layout of these elements.

  1-c 1 the organization of reminders of users to encourage them to reconnect

regularly on the site.

The maintenance aid includes:

  2-a / the layout of the technical descriptions of the installations.

  2-b 1 the formatting of the stored measurement data, and daily, calculated balances and

  list of incidents noted, list of interventions.

  5. 2-c / the constitution of the database gathering all of this information.

  2-d / the presentation of structured data for access by technician of

  maintenance, on site, with portable terminal.

  Thanks to the implementation of the present invention, the user can know, at any time his water consumption, solar gains, problems in the event of a breakdown, the avoidance of harmful gases avoided, etc. all this on one page personalized web 130. The central posse 110: - automatically retrieves each e-mail containing the measurements of local possessions, extracts the measurements from e-mails, separates the measurement ranges and dates the measurements, - converts the measurements to physical quantities, - calculates the daily parameters defined by the following nomenclature: - CECS is the daily volume of domestic hot water consumed, 20. - IRR is the daily solar irradiation, - DPP is the daily duration of operation of the primary pump, - DPS is the daily duration of secondary pump operation,

  - ESol is the daily solar energy supplied by the system.

  - EApp is the daily extra energy link, - CS is the needs coverage rate calculated by

CS = ESol / (ESol + EApp).

  - analyzes the measurements (It is a question, from the measurements obtained above, of applying rules to verify if the operation is in accordance with the forecasts and if the measurements do not reveal any operating anomalies. For example if the average solar energy production over a week is zero, we can deduce an operating anomaly), - updates a database of sites and installations (during the development of sites or installations) and a database of measurement data: parameters and measurements, 35. - performs the operating diagnosis of the local posse, - builds and sends alarms, reports (monthly) and advice by e-mail, fax and wap, to the user and / or to maintenance , - sending on the web (This is the website on which the installation results are published, for example it is the user's website) the temperatures, water consumption per day, the potential by day, production per day, energy savings rgy or financial performed and carbon dioxide avoided from different sites or local possessions, - can interrogate the local posse, by consultation on the Internet and, as a variant, the central posse (re) configure the local posse by downloading the site configuration: n local station, software version, parking meter, time interval between e-mail transmissions to central posse, hour and minute of transmission, time interval between acquisitions, number of channels for analog and digital acquisitions and for counting, size of the tam pon data memory, Internet access provider, ISP log in and password, SMTP server address, recipient email, IP addresses of the primary and secondary name servers of the access provider, test functions, high and low irradiation of primary pump setpoint, calculation coefficients, high temperature deviations and teas of secondary pump setpoint, high temperature and

booster set point).

  For on-site interventions and maintenance: - the website gives access to technical sheets, history, assessments and consumption of the installation (Access is via the Internet network (web) and is

  protected in fa, classic con: username and password).

  The company in charge of maintenance can, at any time, interrogate, via the Internet, the performance, results and history of the installation and

  automatically notified in the event of a breakdown.

  Likewise, the user has access, at any time, via a personalized Internet page 130 protected by a personal access code, to the balance sheet of his daily consumption, energy or financial savings, emissions of gas avoided. Examples of alarms emitted by the central posse 110 are given below: - time out in dialing, fault of secondary pump, - low DHW consumption,! - primary regulation fault, - very low solar production, - installation shut down, - back-up energy calculation fault, - carrier loss, no measurement, - back-up energy fault, - back-up calculation fault solar energy, - no message re, cu from a remote installation, Among the other messages that can send the central posse: - installation in nominal operation, A request for intervention can take the form of an SMS message: "check the operation of pump regulation and control relays, as well as

return information ".

  It can be seen, in FIG. 2, that following the initialization of the remote installation to be monitored, during a step 200, it is determined whether measurements have been received by the

  central posse, of each remote installation to be monitored from which measurements are awaited.

  Otherwise, for each remote installation to be monitored for which the central posse has not received a measurement, during a step 201, an alert information item on the communication with this remote installation is stored in a buffer zone of newspaper

  concerning said remote installation to be monitored, hereinafter referred to as "buffer zone".

  For each remote installation, for which the test result 200 is positive

  the sequence of steps 202 to 242 is carried out.

  In these stages, we will denote M (X) the average over the last N days (for example N = 7) of the measure or calculate X parameter. We therefore use the nomenclature: - M (ESol) is the average daily solar energy, M (EApp) is the average daily additional energy, - M (CECS) is the average daily consumption of domestic hot water, - M (DPP) is the average daily duration of operation of the primary pump,

  - M (DPS) is the average daily operating time of the secondary pump.

  In addition, the following constant parameters will be used: - Cref (month) is the daily reference consumption for a given mod, that is to say the average daily consumption forecast for the installation and the considered mods.

  - ESolref (month) is the daily reference solar energy for a given mod.

  ESolref is determined by calculating, by an adequate method, the theoretical production of the solar installation considered on the site considered, assuming that the daily consumption CECS is effectively equal to the consumption of

reference Cref (month).

  We will also use the following calculated parameters: - DeltaTSolar is the solar heating of domestic water defined by

DeltaTSolar = Esol / CECSI1,16.

  - DeltaTAppoint is the additional heating of the domestic water defined by DeltaTApp = EApp / CECS11,16. - DeltaTGlobal is the global heating of domestic water defined by

  DeltaTGlobal = (Esol + EApp) lCECSI1,16.

  - M (DeltaTSolar) is the average solar heating of the domestic water defined by

  M (DeltaTSolar) = M (Esol) 1M (CECS) 11.16.

  - M (DeltaTAppoint) is the mean additional heating of the defined domestic water

  À by M (DeltaTAppoint) = M (EApp) lM (CECS) 11.16.

  - M (DeltaTGlobal) is the average global heating of the domestic water defined by

  M (DeltaTGlobal) = (M (Esol) + M (EApp)) 1M (CECS) / 1.16.

  In a step 202, we test if the average daily solar energy

  M (ESol) is greater than: 0.8 x ESolref x (M (ECS) / Cref (month).

  Otherwise, during a step 203, it is tested whether the average sanitary hot water consumption M (CECS) is less than 30% of the reference consumption Cref (months). If yes, for each of the last N days considered, it is tested in a step 204 if the CECS consumption was greater than 30% of the reference consumption Cref (months). If the result of test 204 is negative, during a step 205, we test if the CECS consumption was greater than 0. If yes, during a step 206, we store information representative of a DHW consumption very weak in the buffer zone, puts, during a step 207 we ask for the recovery of the file of detailed data to know the value of TSS. If the result of test 205 is negative, during a step 208, a

  With DHW measurement fault information in the buffer zone.

  If the result of test 203 is negative, during a step 209, it is tested whether the

  average operating time of the primary pump M (DPP) is less than zero.

  If so, during a step 210, it is tested whether the average duration of operation of the secondary pump M (DPS) is greater than zero. If not, during a step 21 1, an installation shutdown information item is stored in the buffer memory. If the result of test 210 is positive, during a step 212, a fault information is memorized

of regulation in the buffer zone.

  If the result of test 209 is negative, during a step 213, it is tested whether M (DPP) has a value between trots and sixteen. If not, during a step 214, we

  memorizes first type regulation fault information in the buffer zone.

  When the result of test 213 is positive, during a step 215, we test if M (DPS) is less than 1.1 x M (DPP). If not, during a step 216, we store a second type regulation fault information in the buffer zone. When the result of the test 215 is positive, during a step 217, one tests if siM (DPS) is greater than 0 If not, during a step 218, one memorizes information of fault of primary pressure or fault of regulation in the buffer zone. When the result of the test 217 is positive during a step 219, one tests siM (ESol) is less than 0. If yes, during a step 220, one memorizes information of problem of measurement of energies in the buffer zone. When the result of the test 219 is negative, during a step 221, the recovery of the detailed data file is requested

  to know the value of TSS and TSC.

  When the result of the test 202 is positive, during a step 222, it is tested whether M (CECS) is greater than 5 times Cref (month). If yes, for each of the last N days, during a step 223, we test if CECS is greater than 5 times Cref (month) puts, during a step 224, we store high consumption information and risk of leakage in the buffer zone. When the result of test 222 is negative, during a step 225, it is tested whether M (CECS) is greater than 2 times Cref (month). If yes, for each of the last N days, during a step 226, we test if CECS is greater than 2 times Cref (month) puts, during a step 227, we store high consumption information in the zone buffer. When the result of test 225 is negative, during a step 228, we test if tested if M (CECS) is less than 0.5 times Cref (month). If yes, for each of the last N days, during a step 229, we test if CECS is less than 0.5 times Cref (month) and then during a step 230, we store information about low consumption and possibility closing of premises in the buffer zone. When the result of test 228 is negative, during a step 231, we test if the average global heating is greater than 60 C If yes, during a step 232, we test if the average solar heating is higher than 40 C If yes, for each of the last N days, during a step 233 we test if the solar heating is higher than 40 C puts, during a step 234, we ask for the recovery of 30. file of detailed data to know the value of TSS and TEF. When the result of test 232 is negative, during a step 235, it is tested whether the average additional heating is greater than 40 C. If yes, for each of the last N days, during a step 236 , one tests if the additional heating is higher than 40 C then during a step 237, one asks for the recovery of the file of detailed data to know the value of TSA and TEF. If the result of test 235 is negative, during a step 238, information of excessively high make-up water temperature is stored in the buffer zone. When the result of test 231 is negative, during a step 239, it is tested whether the average global heating M (DeltaTGlobal) is less than 20 C. If not, during a step 240, information is stored OK in the buffer zone. If the result of test 239 is positive, during a step 241, it is tested whether the average additional heating M (DeltaTAppoint) is less than (- 10) C. If yes, during a step 242 , we memorize a problem with the make-up temperature measurement problem in the buffer zone. If not we

  stores OK operating information in the buffer zone.

  Following the sequence of steps 202 to 242, carried out for each remote installation for which measurements have been received, during a step 243, it is sent to the second computer network 115 and, optionally, to the fourth computer network 135, an alert message for each installation

  remote for which information has been stored in the buffer zone.

  Then, during a step 244, it is tested whether the date for calculating a balance sheet, for example monthly, has arrived. If so, during a step 245, for each remote installation, elements of the balance sheet are determined and a page 130 of a website intended for the user or the manager of the remote installation is updated. Otherwise, during a step 246, it is determined whether a measurement reception time has arrived, for at least one remote installation. If yes, we go back to step 200. Otherwise, we renew

Step 246.

  The present invention is not limited to the control of solar installations but extends, on the contrary, to the control of boiler rooms, air conditioning, small photovoltaic power stations and more generally of any local system which can be connected by a

  Internet connection, wired or not, at a central location.

Claims (8)

  1 - Device for controlling remote installations comprising remote installations to be monitored (100) and a central installation (110), characterized in that: a / each remote installation to be monitored comprises: - at least one means for measuring a physical quantity, - means for generating electronic messages (165) representative of measurements carried out by at least one measuring means, - means for transmitting electronic messages (165) to a predetermined address on a first computer network, b / le central posse comprises: - a means for receiving electronic messages transmitted by check from a remote installation to be monitored, - a means for processing the measurements represented by said messages, to detect a possible operating anomaly in said remote installation, - when an anomaly detected, a means of generating an alert message, and - a means of transmitting each alert message to at least one   predetermined address on a second computer network.   2 - Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the central posse comprises a means of generating operating reports of each remote installation to be monitored and the message transmission means is adapted to transmit each said   assessment at a predetermined address on a third computer network.   3 - Device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the   means of transmitting electronic messages to the predetermined address on the   first computer network, is a means of transmission of electronic mail.   4 - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:   - each means of measuring a physical quantity is adapted to carry out measurements at regular time intervals, - the means for generating electronic messages representative of measurements is adapted to generate an electronic message representing a plurality of measurements of each means of measurement , and - the means for transmitting electronic messages to the predetermined address on the first computer network is adapted to transmit an electronic message at a regular time interval greater than the time interval between   measurements made by each means of measuring a physical quantity.   - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at   at least one remote installation is a solar installation which comprises - a means for measuring the temperature of a liquid, - at least one pump for pumping said liquid and - a means for regulating triggering said pump according to measurements of liquid temperatures.   6 - Method for controlling remote installations comprising installations to be monitored and a central installation, characterized in that it comprises: a / for each remote installation to be monitored: - at least one step for measuring a physical quantity, - a step of generating electronic messages representative of measurements To be carried out by at least one measuring means, - a step of transmitting electronic messages to a predetermined address on a first computer network, bl for the central posse: - a step of receiving electronic messages transmitted by each remote installation to be monitored, - a step for processing the measurements represented by said messages, to detect a possible operating anomaly in said remote installation, - when an anomaly is detected, a step for generating a message alert, and - a step of transmitting each alert message has at least one   predetermined address on a second computer network.   7 - Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the central posse performs a step of generating operating reports of each remote installation to be monitored and during the message transmission step, the central posse transmits   At each said balance sheet at a predetermined address on a third computer network.   8 - Method according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that at   During the step of transmitting electronic messages to the predetermined address on the first computer network, the remote installation to be monitored transmits an electronic mail.   9 - Method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that:   - during each step of measuring a physical quantity, at least one measurement is carried out at regular time intervals, - during the step of generating electronic messages representative of measurements, the remote installation to be monitored generates a electronic message representing a plurality of measurements of each measuring means, and - during the step of transmitting electronic messages to the predetermined address on the first computer network, the remote installation to be monitored transmits an electronic message at regular time intervals greater than the time interval between measurements carried out during the steps of measuring a physical quantity.   - Method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that at   at least one remote installation is a solar installation comprising at least one pump for pumping a liquid, and: - during the measurement step, the remote installation to be monitored carries out at least one temperature measurement at said liquid, and - the method includes a regulation stage during which