FR2838373A1 - Harmonic color range selection method is based on use of psychometric color circles and psychometric color data stored in a color database to ensure color perception is pleasing to a viewer - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for assisting in the creation of a harmonic range of colors, specifically adapted to the conception of a color collection. Said method involved determination of a chromatic range based on treatment of psychometric color data taken from a color database, whereby said treatment associates the perception of the color with an analysis scale and colorimetric measurements.

Description

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  The present invention relates to a method of assisting in the creation of a harmonic range of hues, specifically adapted to the design of sets

  colored, such as home decorations, textiles, industrial products.

  This method proposes in particular to exploit the psychometric data of the hues making it possible to associate the perception of the hue and the colorimetric measurement. In general, we know that any color can be defined by three data, called "perception factors"; these are: the tone, the clarity and the

saturation.

  To the tone corresponds to what is called the "color" (red, orange, yellow ...), To the clarity measures the degree of luminosity of the tint, that is to say the amount of light reflected by the surface supporting the hue; thus a white surface (absolute white) returns all of the incident light, unlike a black surface which absorbs incident light, At saturation corresponds to the degree of liveliness and purity of the hue, thus one desaturates a hue by mixing it with gray and to

all the more so with another shade.

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  In addition, the use of color psychometry, the science of the perception of tones by the human eye, makes it possible to define a constant perceptual gap between the different colors. Thus all 36 dominant colors form a circle called "psychometric circle" whose differences between colors are equiperceptive. By positioning the dominant shades the most saturated on a circumference, the desaturated shades on inner circumferences concentric with the previous one, following an increasing desaturation as we approach the center, we obtain a test pattern, called analysis shade, which takes into account two three

  perception factors, namely, hue and saturation.

  By arranging along a perpendicular axis, in the center of the test pattern, the gray chain, from black to white, on a psychomekic scale, the

  third perception factor is taken into account, namely, clarity.

  Thus all the colors grouped around the gray chain, arranged so that the differences in colors are equiperceptive, form a

volume, type "MUNSELL".

  Based on the work of E. CHlEVREUL concerning the re-referencing of colors for the wools of the Manutacture des Gobelins, the National School of Decorative Arts, under the direction of J. FILLACIER, has designed a system of re-referencing colors intended for the arts graphics and decorative; these works made it possible to define a space called "solid psychomekic", from which is extracted the psychometric circle sampled and described in the Color Books by CYAL Editions. Other spaces, such as the "HSL" model (Hue, Saturation and Brightness) are characteristic of an ordered color classification system; the same applies to the more recent CIE XYZ and CIE L * a * b * spaces, intended

  mainly for industrial applications.

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  It turns out that this arrangement of colors on the test patterns of the "psychometric solid" makes it possible to characterize the nature of the harmony; several harmonies can be defined from the arrangement of the chosen colors, namely: A "chromatic" sequence characterized by the association of two complementary colors on the target and their desaturated intermediate colors, and arranged on the same diameter of the test pattern, To a so-called "tone on tone" harmony characterized by the arrangement of the chosen colors close together on the same circumference of the mother, To a so-called "3, 4, N tones" harmony characterized by the arrangement of the colors chosen according to a geometric figure centered with respect to the center of the test pattern (triangle, square or polygon of rank N), To a so-called "contrast of complementary shades" harmony characterized by the arrangement of the shades chosen diametrically opposite on the test pattern, To a so-called "contrast contrast" of quality "characterized by the arrangement of the colors chosen on the same ray of the target, To a harmony called" contrast of clarity "ca characterized by the arrangement of the chosen colors either diametrically opposite on the target and equidistant along the gray axis, or arranged on a

  same radius of the target at complementary gray levels.

  The invention therefore more particularly aims to help the creation of a chromatic range by exploiting the psychomekic data of the hues

previously described.

  To this end, it offers a process consisting of:

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  To choose, either in an image base, an image which is the expression of the user's sensitivity in his creative process of a chromatic range, or psychometric volume, To extract colors from the base of shades of said image, or of said psychometric volume, to create from said shades a palette, to position said shades of the palette on a test pattern and on a gray scale, to modify this palette, at the level of said test pattern and said gray scale, with the nuance close to the hues chosen to define a chromatic range according to the choice of the user, to apply this chromatic range to the chosen support constituting the assembly to be colored, To create one or more variants of the chromatic range

initially chosen.

  Of course, this exploitation of the chromatic data making it possible to create a chromatic range supposes the constitution of a "base of hues", a "base of textures" making it possible to define the support constituting the assembly to be colored and a "base of images" allowing to choose harmonies of

  shades among existing images.

  An embodiment of the invention will be described below, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended figures in which: FIG. 1 represents the psychometric circle, Figure 2 represents the psychometric gray scale, Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the "psychometric solid" characterized by the test pattern and the desaturation triangle,

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  FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the different test patterns corresponding to the different harmonies mentioned above, FIG. 5 corresponds to the first step of the process according to the invention, namely the choice in the image base, of an image corresponding to a chromatic range sought or neighboring, FIG. 6 corresponds to the second step of the process according to the invention, namely the extraction of this image from a palette of hues used by the creator of this image and the positioning of these hues chosen on the test pattern and the desaturation triangles, FIG. 7 corresponds to the third step of the process according to the invention, namely the configuration of each of the shades according to the three perception factors, FIG. 8 corresponds to the fourth step of the process according to the invention, namely the choice of several shades according to the harmony chosen from the six proposed, FIG. 9 corresponds the fifth step of the process according to the invention, namely the modification of a shade or of several shades, FIG. 10 corresponds to the sixth step of the process according to the invention, namely the application test on the chosen support, Figure 11 corresponds to the seventh step of the process according to

  the invention, namely an example of a variant by rotating the target.

  Figure 1 represents the psychometric circle of shades, it includes 36

  colors whose deviations are equiperceptive.

  Each color of the psychometric circle has a number, from carmine red, located at 0, to magenta red, located at 330, going through yellow, then green,

then the blues and finally the purples.

  So by turning counterclockwise or counterclockwise, we find the three primary colors, namely the primary red at 10, the primary yellow at 80 and the primary blue at 240, as well as the other three secondary colors

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  associated with the primary colors to constitute the six basic colors,

  know the medium orange at 40, the medium green at 160 and the medium purple at 300.

  Figure 2 represents the gray scale. This scale determines the degrees of clarity (0% to 100%) from absolute black to absolute white, divided into ten zones therefore comprising eight grays; respecting the particularities of human vision, this scale is also established on bases

  psychometric; thus the medium gray is located at the center of the scale (50%).

  By associating with this psychometric scale the reflectance coefficient, represented by the level of light reflected by the surface supporting the hue, from 0% to 100%, absolute white reflects 100% of the incident light, absolute black absorbs all of incident light and therefore does not return

  nothing, medium gray returns around 20% of the incident light.

  FIG. 3 represents on the one hand the test pattern and on the other hand the desaturation triangle. The test pattern is made up according to the invention on the one hand of the 18 dominant shades on the outer circumference, among the 36 shades of the psychometric circle, and on the other hand desaturated shades arranged on circumferences concentric to the previous one, according to increasing desaturation approaching the center of the target; so in the center of the crosshairs, the

  hue tends to gray characterized by zero saturation.

  The desaturation triangle represents, according to the invention, the distribution of 45 shades corresponding to one of the 18 saturated shades of the outside circumference of the test pattern, arranged along the axis OZ, perpendicular to the center of the test pattern; the dominant hue is at the top of the saturation triangle opposite the base of the triangle defined by the OZ axis; the axis OZ represents the gray chain, i.e. of increasing clarity from O to Z at

zero saturation.

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  FIG. 4 represents the six test patterns corresponding to the six types of harmony offered, namely: the "chromatic" sequence, the "tone on tone" harmony, the "3, 4 or N tones" harmony, the contrast of complementary shades, harmony with quality contrast and harmony with clarity contrast. The chromatic suite, characterized by the arrangement of the shades on the same diameter of the target, is produced from two complementary shades and

  corresponding desaturated hues.

  The harmony "tones on tones", characterized by the arrangement of tones close together on the same circumference of the test pattern, is achieved by

  the association of close shades with equivalent degree of saturation.

  The harmony "3, 4, N tones", characterized by the arrangement of the shades according to a geometric figure centered with respect to the center of the pattern, is achieved at

  starting from equidistant hues on a circle of equivalent degree of saturation.

  1S The contrast of "complementary colors", characterized by the arrangement of diametrically opposite colors on the test pattern, is achieved by using the colors

  say complementary, the mixture of which gives a neutral shade.

  The contrast of "quality", characterized by the arrangement of the colors on the same radius of the target, corresponds to the contrast of colors by their degree of

different saturation.

  The contrast of "clarity", characterized by the arrangement of two diametrically opposite colors on the test chart or two colors on the same radius of the test chart; in both cases, the above colors are characterized by

opposite degrees of brightness.

  FIG. 5 represents an extract 1 of the image base in the form of four

  samples representing four different images 5a, Sb, Sc and 5d.

  These four images each represent the expression of chromatic harmony; in front of these images the user chooses the one, or more precisely the chromatic harmony, which best corresponds to his sensitivity in his

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  process of designing colored sets. In this case, image 2a

  has been chosen by the user as an example.

  Figure 6 is a partial psychometric representation of the extraction of the palette of colors extracted from image 2 which will be used by the user. In this example, four desaturation triangles are shown 4, 5, 6 and 7; each of these triangles comprises the dominant shade referenced by "C" and contains among its different shades, one of the shades extracted from the image constituting the palette to be used. In the present case, the desaturation triangle 4 contains in particular the shade 41 which, moreover, is

  represented under the reference 31 of the test pattern.

  FIG. 7 represents the result of the configuration of one of the colors chosen by the user; this shade has the reference 81 on the test pattern 8, and the reference 91 on the desaturation triangle 9. In this example, the shade 81 of the test pattern 8 is located at 80, that is to say in the area of yolks, at a desaturation level 4 (on the circumference indexed 4). Furthermore, this same shade, bearing the reference 91 on the desaturation triangle 9, is located

  on the clarity scale at level 6.

  Thus, the psychometric data of this hue, indicated in table 10, are: - hue: 80 - saturation: 4

- clarity: 6.

  Figure 8 represents the test pattern 11, a desaturation triangle 12, a chromatic range 13 and the set 14 of the harmonies proposed to the user. The test pattern 11 includes four colors, extracted from the palette, under the references 111, 112, 113 and 114; each of these shades has been previously configured as indicated in figure 7; indeed, shade 111, of the test pattern

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  analysis 11, is located at 40 and on the desaturation circumference 4; the same shade, referenced 121, on the desaturation triangle 12 is located on the scale 4. The other three shades are only represented on the test chart

  analysis, under references 112, 113 and 114.

  S These four shades form the chromatic range 13, under the references 131, 132, 133 and 134, corresponding respectively to the references 111, 112, 113 and

114 of the test pattern.

  Furthermore, the arrangement of these four colors on the test pattern is close to that characteristic of a so-called "chromatic sequence" harmony, reference 141 on

  the diagram of the proposed harmonies14.

  FIG. 9 represents the test pattern 15 and the chromatic range 16.

  The test pattern 15 includes the three shades 151, 152, 154 corresponding respectively to the three shades 111, 112 and 114 of the test pattern 11 of FIG. 8; shade 113 of the same test pattern has been moved, desired by the user; for exemple; it is positioned under the reterence 153 of the test pattern 15 of FIG. 9; this choice made it possible to find a corrected chromatic range 16 comprising the four shades 161, 162, 163 and 164,

  corresponding respectively to shades 151, 152, 153 and 154 of the test pattern 15.

  FIG. 10 represents the test pattern 17 and an extract from the texture base 18. The test pattern 17 comprises the four shades referenced 171, 172, 173 and 174 corresponding respectively to the four shades 151, 152, 153 and 154 of the sight 15 of FIG. 9. The example of the base of textures 18 comprises, by way of example, three support models under the references 181, 182 and 183; the supports 181 182 and 183 correspond to patterns of the "textile" type. The user's choice relates to the support 182 which will thus be colored from the

shades 171, 172, 173 and 174.

  FIG. 11 represents the test pattern 18, the chromatic ranges 19 and

  21 corresponding respectively to the supports 20 and 22.

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  The test pattern includes an initial chromatic range of five shades referenced 181, 182, 183, 184 and 185. This first range was the subject of a variant by rotation of 20 in the counterclockwise or counterclockwise direction; a second range is defined comprising the new colors referenced respectively 181 ', 182', 183 ', 184' and 185 '; this choice, expressed by the user by way of example, made it possible to pass from the chromatic range 19 applied to the support 20, to the chromatic range 21 applied to the support 22. The shades 191, 192, 193, 194 and 195 of the chromatic range 19 correspond respectively to the shades 181, 182, 183, 184 and 185 of the test pattern 18; similarly, the shades 211, 212, 213, 214 and 215 of the range 21 correspond respectively to the shades 181 ', 182', 183 ',

  184 'and 185' from test pattern 18.

  In the example which follows, reference is made to FIGS. 6 to 11, given by way of illustration of a general approach which is the subject of the invention; indeed for the sake of clarity, the examples are presented under a deliberately reducing aspect

and are not limiting.

  An embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the following seven steps: In step 1: choose from the image base, an image corresponding to the desired or neighboring chromatic harmony; FIG. 5 illustrates this step, the choice of the user, by way of example, is

relates to the image referenced 2.

  In step 2: extract from this image the palette of shades used by the creator of the image; this palette may contain only a part of the colors, in particular those most represented; Figure 6 illustrates this step; among the colors chosen by the user, by way of example, only four are represented by their desaturation triangle; shade 41 of desaturation triangle 4 is

  represented at 31 on the corresponding test pattern 3.

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  In step 3: place the color palette on the one hand on the test chart and on the desaturation triangles corresponding to each of the colors, and configure each of the colors according to the three perception factors; Figure 7 illustrates this step; at tike S for example, the shade 81 of the test pattern 8 is located at 91 on the desaturation triangle 9 and the parameters of this shade are

  shown in Table 10 in Figure 7.

  In step 4: modify the palette by adding or subtracting shades according to the user's perception, represented on the test chart and on the desaturation triangles, and generate the chromatic range; Figure 8 illustrates this step; the four shades, chosen by way of example by the user, are located at 111, 112, 113 and 114 on the test pattern 11; the shade 111 of the test pattern 11 is located at 121 on the desaturation triangle 12; the chromatic range thus produced is shown in 13, and comprises the four corresponding shades 131, 132, 133 and 134; moreover, the arrangement of the four shades on the test pattern is to be compared to the so-called "chromatic sequence" harmony 141 of the sequence of

harmonies 14.

  In step 5: modify a shade or several shades in order to get closer to the chosen chromatic range; Figure 9 illustrates this step; the shade 113 of the test pattern 11 is moved, by way of example by the user, to 153 on the test pattern 15 of FIG. 9; a new chromatic range is created in 16, being closer to the

  "chromatic sequence" chosen by the user.

  In step 6: apply the chromatic scale on the support constituting the whole to be colored extracted from the base of textures; Figure 10 illustrates this step; the user has chosen, by way of example the support 182 of the extract 18 of the texture base; the four shades 171, 172, 173 and 174 of the test pattern 17 correspond respectively to the

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  four shades 151, 152, 153 and 154 of the test pattern 15 of Figure 9;

  thus the support 182 contains the four shades 171, 172, 173 and 174.

  In step 7: make a variant by rotating the five shades on the test pattern; Figure 11 illustrates this step; for example, the user chooses to create a new chromatic range from the result obtained in the previous step, by adding a shade, while remaining in the same spirit; to do this, a rotation of all five shades of 20 in a counterclockwise direction makes it possible to obtain a new range, the range 19 applied to the support 20 becomes the range 21 on the support 22; shades 181, 182, 183, 184 and 185 correspond respectively to shades 191, 192, 193, 194 and 195 of the range 19; shades 181 ', 182', 183 ', 184' and 185 'respectively from the initial shades 181, 182, 183, 184 and 185, correspond respectively to shades 211, 212, 213, 214 and 215 of the range 21; thus the variant of the support 22 contains the five shades 211, 212, 213, 214 and 215. Furthermore, the method allows: The enrichment of the image base from engravings, photographs, etc. To enrich the base of textures from engravings, photographs, home decorations, textiles, industrial products, etc. It is understood that the method described by way of example, can be repeated as many times as the user wishes, until a chromatic range corresponding to the desired objective is obtained and satisfying the feeling that it

experience in view of the result.

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Claims (11)

claims:   1- A method of assisting in the creation of a harmonic range of hues, specifically adapted to the design of colored sets, characterized in that it comprises the determination of a chromatic range by a processing of psychometric hue data extracted from a shade database, this processing associating the perception of shade by its   - positioning on an analysis target and a colorimetric measurement.   2- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists in: Choosing, either from an image base, an image which is the expression of the user's sensitivity in his creative process of chromatic range, that is to say the psychometric volume, To extract colors from the color base of said image, or from said psychometric solid, To create from said colors a palette, To position said colors from the palette on the aforesaid test pattern analysis and on a gray chain, To modify this palette, at the level of said test pattern and said gray scale, with the nuance close to the hues chosen to define a chromatic range according to the user's choice , To apply this chromatic range on a support chosen in a texture base, constituting the set to be colored, To create one or more variants to the chromatic range initially chosen.   3- A method according to claim 2, characterized in that it consists in choosing, from an image base, an image which is the expression of the sensitivity of   the user in his creative process of a chromatic range. - 14 - 2338373   4- Method according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that it   includes a process of enriching the image base.   - Method according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that it   includes a process of enriching the texture base.   6- Method according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that it   includes the determination for each chosen shade, extracted from said shade base, of its position on a test pattern and on a desaturation triangle. 7- A method according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises the determination for each shade chosen, from said test pattern and said desaturation triangle, psychometric data of said chosen shade.   8- Method according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that it   includes the positioning of all of said selected colors on said   test pattern and on said desaturation triangles.   9- Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises the   selection of a harmony from a plurality of preset harmonies.   -Process according to one of claims 8 and 9, characterized in that it   includes the modification of the position of some of said selected shades on said test pattern and on said desaturation triangles   to get closer to one of said harmonies.   11-Method according to one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that it   includes an application test of the chosen chromatic scale on a chosen texture. - 15 - 2338373   12-Method according to one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that it   includes a step of performing a colorimetric variation   in said chosen chromatic range on said chosen texture.   13-Method according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that it   repeat as many times as necessary until the desired result is obtained.   14-Method according to one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that it   applies to the design of colored sets such as decorations