FR2830589B1 - AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE TRANSMISSION KIT INCLUDING TWO CLUTCHES AND AN ELECTRIC MACHINE - Google Patents
AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE TRANSMISSION KIT INCLUDING TWO CLUTCHES AND AN ELECTRIC MACHINEInfo
- Publication number
- FR2830589B1 FR2830589B1 FR0112915A FR0112915A FR2830589B1 FR 2830589 B1 FR2830589 B1 FR 2830589B1 FR 0112915 A FR0112915 A FR 0112915A FR 0112915 A FR0112915 A FR 0112915A FR 2830589 B1 FR2830589 B1 FR 2830589B1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- electric machine
- clutches
- clutch mechanism
- integral
- automotive vehicle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
- B60K6/405—Housings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
- B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
- F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
- F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
- F02N15/022—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the starter comprising an intermediate clutch
- F02N15/025—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the starter comprising an intermediate clutch of the friction type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
- F16D25/10—Clutch systems with a plurality of fluid-actuated clutches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
- B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/421—Speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
- B60L2240/441—Speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
- B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
- B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
- B60L2270/145—Structure borne vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
- B60Y2400/42—Clutches or brakes
- B60Y2400/424—Friction clutches
- B60Y2400/4242—Friction clutches of dry type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
- Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns a transmission assembly for motor vehicle comprising two clutches (20, 60) and an electric machine (80) arranged between the vehicle internal combustion engine and its gear box, each of the clutches (20, 60) comprising a clutch mechanism (21, 61) associated with a friction disc (22, 65) and the electric machine (80) consisting of a rotor (81) and a stator (82), the first clutch mechanism (21) being integral in rotation with the internal combustion engine crankshaft (10) and the friction disc (22) associated therewith being integral in rotation with the electric machine rotor (81) and with the second clutch mechanism (61), the second friction disc (65) associated with said second clutch mechanism (61) being integral in rotation with the main gearshaft (11): the rotor (81) of electric machine (80), and hence the second clutch mechanism (61), are borne and centered by a bearing (46, 47), integral with a housing bearing the stator (82), and axially arranged between the two clutches (20, 60).
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0112915A FR2830589B1 (en) | 2001-10-08 | 2001-10-08 | AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE TRANSMISSION KIT INCLUDING TWO CLUTCHES AND AN ELECTRIC MACHINE |
DE10297304.0T DE10297304B4 (en) | 2001-10-08 | 2002-10-02 | Transmission unit for a motor vehicle, comprising two clutches and an electric machine |
PCT/FR2002/003346 WO2003031809A1 (en) | 2001-10-08 | 2002-10-02 | Transmission assembly for motor vehicle comprising two clutches and an electric machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0112915A FR2830589B1 (en) | 2001-10-08 | 2001-10-08 | AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE TRANSMISSION KIT INCLUDING TWO CLUTCHES AND AN ELECTRIC MACHINE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2830589A1 FR2830589A1 (en) | 2003-04-11 |
FR2830589B1 true FR2830589B1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
Family
ID=8868029
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR0112915A Expired - Lifetime FR2830589B1 (en) | 2001-10-08 | 2001-10-08 | AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE TRANSMISSION KIT INCLUDING TWO CLUTCHES AND AN ELECTRIC MACHINE |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE10297304B4 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2830589B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003031809A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2860844B1 (en) * | 2003-10-13 | 2006-01-06 | Valeo Materiaux De Friction | DOUBLE CLUTCH COMPRISING FRICTION FILLINGS FITTED ON ELASTIC DISCS |
EP1541401B1 (en) * | 2003-12-13 | 2007-05-09 | BorgWarner Inc. | Two-clutch transmission element for motor vehicle hybrid drivetrain, assembly method and motor vehicle equipped with such an element |
WO2005092656A1 (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Eaton Corporation | Integrated motor and clutch assembly |
EP1712394A3 (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2006-11-08 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | On-vehicle hybrid drive apparatus having a rotational damper |
FR2895973A3 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-13 | Philippe Luca | INTERCAL GENERATOR FOR INBOARD MARINE ENGINE |
DE102007044621A1 (en) * | 2006-10-28 | 2008-04-30 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Hybrid drive system for a vehicle |
DE102006055541A1 (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2008-09-04 | Volkswagen Ag | Hybrid drive system for a vehicle |
FR2913472B1 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2009-05-15 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | CLUTCH FOR MOTOR VEHICLE. |
DE102007048540B4 (en) | 2007-10-09 | 2019-03-21 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Central release for a clutch |
FR2941893B1 (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2011-02-11 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | APPARATUS FOR CLOSELY CONTROLLING AT LEAST ONE CLUTCH THAT IS PART OF A HYBRID MOTORPROOFING UNIT WITH A ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE OF A VEHICLE. |
JP5306264B2 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2013-10-02 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | Hybrid drive device |
US8836187B2 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2014-09-16 | Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. | Vehicle drive device |
US8997956B2 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2015-04-07 | Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. | Vehicle drive device |
US8622182B2 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2014-01-07 | Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. | Vehicle drive device |
JP5297352B2 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2013-09-25 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | Vehicle drive device |
WO2011108769A1 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-09 | Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. | Vehicle driving apparatus |
JP5526445B2 (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2014-06-18 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | Vehicle drive device |
DE102012214327A1 (en) | 2012-08-10 | 2014-02-13 | Engineering Center Steyr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Drive unit for a hybrid vehicle |
FR3005905B1 (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2016-10-21 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | DEVICE FOR A HYBRID VEHICLE WITH AN ANTI-DUST FLASK BETWEEN AN ELECTRIC MACHINE AND A REACTION TRAY |
FR3005900B1 (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2015-06-05 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | DEVICE FOR A HYBRID VEHICLE WITH A SUPPORT HUB OF A ROTOR MADE OF A SHEET AND CARRYING A PLATE OF REACTION OF A CLUTCH |
EP2900500B1 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2019-05-08 | Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur | Device for hybrid vehicle having a rotor support hub made of sheet metal and supporting a clutch reaction plate |
US9662966B2 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2017-05-30 | Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur | Device for hybrid vehicle with anti-dust flange between electric machine and reaction plate |
CN104661845B (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2018-10-23 | 法雷奥电机设备公司 | Transmission component including motor and two clutches |
FR2995834B1 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2014-09-05 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | TRANSMISSION ASSEMBLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLE |
FR3005902B1 (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2015-06-05 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | PRE-ASSEMBLED MODULE FOR A TRANSMISSION ASSEMBLY FOR A HYBRID VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR MOUNTING A TRANSMISSION ASSEMBLY |
FR3005904B1 (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2015-05-22 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | TRANSMISSION ASSEMBLY COMPRISING AN ELECTRIC MACHINE AND TWO CLUTCHES |
US20150217632A1 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2015-08-06 | Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur | Device for a hybrid vehicle including improved attachment of a clutch-release bearing to an element for supporting the stator of an electric machine |
CN104755298B (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2017-04-12 | 法雷奥电机设备公司 | Pre-mounted module of a transmission assembly for a hybrid vehicle and method for mounting a transmission assembly |
FR3008252B1 (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2015-08-07 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | PERMANENT MAGNET ROTOR BODY AND ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE COMPRISING SUCH A BODY |
WO2015040285A1 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2015-03-26 | Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur | Hybrid module for motor vehicle transmission assembly |
EP3052827B1 (en) | 2013-10-04 | 2017-11-29 | Schaeffler Technologies GmbH & Co. KG | Pulse-separation clutch arrangement |
FR3015380B1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2016-01-08 | Valeo Embrayages | TRANSMISSION ASSEMBLY FOR A HYBRID VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH A PENDULAR SHOCK ABSORBER |
FR3015795B1 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2017-08-25 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | INTERCONNECTOR FOR STATOR OF ELECTRIC MACHINE AND STATOR OF ELECTRIC MACHINE HAVING SUCH INTERCONNECTOR |
FR3018228B1 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2017-08-04 | Valeo Embrayages | TRANSMISSION ASSEMBLY FOR HYBRID VEHICLE |
FR3040834B1 (en) | 2015-09-03 | 2017-08-25 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | PERMANENT MAGNET ROTOR BODY AND ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE COMPRISING SUCH A BODY |
CN108368890B (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2020-01-03 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | Clutch device and drive train for a motor vehicle |
US11413952B2 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2022-08-16 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Hybrid module and a drive arrangement for a motor vehicle |
FR3052401B1 (en) | 2016-06-09 | 2019-08-16 | Valeo Embrayages | TORQUE TRANSMISSION DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE |
FR3058098B1 (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2024-01-19 | Valeo Embrayages | TRANSMISSION DEVICE FOR HYBRID VEHICLE |
FR3060082B1 (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2019-05-10 | Valeo Embrayages | TORQUE TRANSMISSION DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE |
CN107054046A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-08-18 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of hybrid power coupling mechanism and double-clutch speed changer guide connecting structure |
FR3078376B1 (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2020-02-28 | Valeo Embrayages | TRANSMISSION DEVICE FOR HYBRID VEHICLE |
FR3080896A1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-08 | Valeo Embrayages | TRANSMISSION DEVICE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE |
WO2019211244A1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-07 | Valeo Embrayages | Transmission device for a motor vehicle |
DE102020101792A1 (en) * | 2020-01-27 | 2021-07-29 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Hybrid module |
FR3106784B1 (en) | 2020-02-04 | 2023-04-28 | Valeo Embrayages | TORQUE CUT CLUTCH FOR HYBRID TRANSMISSION |
FR3106785B1 (en) | 2020-02-04 | 2023-04-28 | Valeo Embrayages | TORQUE CUT CLUTCH FOR HYBRID TRANSMISSION |
FR3109967B1 (en) | 2020-05-07 | 2022-06-03 | Valeo Embrayages | ACTUATOR PISTON FOR CLUTCH ACTUATOR |
FR3113263B1 (en) | 2020-08-07 | 2022-07-22 | Valeo Embrayages | TORQUE CUT CLUTCH FOR HYBRID TRANSMISSION |
FR3117954B1 (en) | 2020-12-17 | 2022-11-25 | Valeo Embrayages | TORQUE CUT CLUTCH |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3227810A1 (en) * | 1982-07-24 | 1984-01-26 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Integrated electric machine for hybrid vehicle drive |
FR2592112A1 (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1987-06-26 | Valeo | INERTIAL CLUTCH COUPLING DEVICE |
FR2606477B1 (en) * | 1986-11-06 | 1989-02-24 | Valeo | CLUTCH DEVICE WITH AUTOMATIC WEAR SEALING |
FR2667121B1 (en) * | 1990-09-25 | 1995-04-07 | Valeo | CLUTCH CONTROL DEVICE, PARTICULARLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES. |
FR2693778B1 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1994-08-19 | Valeo | Lining carrier disc, in particular for a motor vehicle. |
DE4311697A1 (en) * | 1993-04-08 | 1994-10-13 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Drive arrangement for motor vehicles, in particular with hybrid drive |
FR2739158B1 (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-11-28 | Valeo | FRICTION CLUTCH WITH GAME RETRIEVAL DEVICE, PARTICULARLY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE |
DE19631384C1 (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1997-10-16 | Clouth Gummiwerke Ag | Electric machine with rotor in drive train e.g. of motor vehicle |
FR2792698B1 (en) * | 1999-04-22 | 2002-04-26 | Valeo | TORSION SHOCK ABSORBER FOR CLUTCH, ESPECIALLY A MOTOR VEHICLE |
DE10036504B4 (en) * | 1999-08-02 | 2011-05-19 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | powertrain |
-
2001
- 2001-10-08 FR FR0112915A patent/FR2830589B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-10-02 WO PCT/FR2002/003346 patent/WO2003031809A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-10-02 DE DE10297304.0T patent/DE10297304B4/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10297304B4 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
WO2003031809A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
FR2830589A1 (en) | 2003-04-11 |
DE10297304T5 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
FR2830589B1 (en) | AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE TRANSMISSION KIT INCLUDING TWO CLUTCHES AND AN ELECTRIC MACHINE | |
FR2830590B1 (en) | TRANSMISSION ASSEMBLY COMPRISING TWO CLUTCHES AND AN ELECTRIC MACHINE, IN PARTICULAR FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE | |
FR2871106B1 (en) | DOUBLE CLUTCH TRANSMISSION ELEMENT FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE HYBRID TRACTION CHAIN, ASSEMBLY METHOD, AND MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ELEMENT | |
US7975571B2 (en) | Hybrid drive device | |
FR2782354B1 (en) | FRICTION CLUTCH CARRYING THE ROTOR OF AN ELECTRIC MACHINE, PARTICULARLY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE | |
CA2394331A1 (en) | Hydraulic hybrid vehicle | |
DE69803484T2 (en) | HYBRID DRIVE FOR VEHICLES | |
WO1995001884A1 (en) | Drive arrangement for a hybrid vehicle | |
DE60212220D1 (en) | Motion transmission device for hybrid vehicles | |
FR2871205B1 (en) | WHEEL CLUTCH TRANSMISSION ELEMENT FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE TRACTION CHAIN, AND MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ELEMENT | |
WO2000020242A8 (en) | Motor vehicle | |
ATE192708T1 (en) | DRIVE SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC HYBRID VEHICLE | |
FR3069296B1 (en) | TRANSMISSION DEVICE FOR HYBRID VEHICLE | |
EP1067003A3 (en) | Hybrid vehicle drive apparatus | |
KR20060048440A (en) | Torque transmission device system | |
US8038569B2 (en) | Transmission and power transmitting system | |
CN111886783A (en) | Vehicle drive device | |
US6736228B2 (en) | Electric machine with integrated wet clutches | |
US8230956B2 (en) | Arrangement of an electrical machine | |
US6425839B1 (en) | Auxiliary generator set with variable transmission for an internal combustion engine | |
EP1090791A3 (en) | Power unit for vehicle | |
CN101427021B (en) | Starter for internal combustion engine | |
KR970066141A (en) | Vehicle mounting method and power transmission device of auxiliary machine | |
CN100464092C (en) | Transmission gear with variable pulley | |
ES2159470A1 (en) | Drive arrangement for a motor vehicle |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
TP | Transmission of property | ||
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PLFP | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 20 |