FR2825503A1 - Liquid-crystal display device, e.g. for use in motor vehicle dashboard comprises positive and negative display zones combined in same display screen - Google Patents

Liquid-crystal display device, e.g. for use in motor vehicle dashboard comprises positive and negative display zones combined in same display screen Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2825503A1
FR2825503A1 FR0107089A FR0107089A FR2825503A1 FR 2825503 A1 FR2825503 A1 FR 2825503A1 FR 0107089 A FR0107089 A FR 0107089A FR 0107089 A FR0107089 A FR 0107089A FR 2825503 A1 FR2825503 A1 FR 2825503A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
zone
display
zones
negative
motor vehicle
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
FR0107089A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Joel Fournier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sagem SA
Original Assignee
Sagem SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sagem SA filed Critical Sagem SA
Priority to FR0107089A priority Critical patent/FR2825503A1/en
Publication of FR2825503A1 publication Critical patent/FR2825503A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/35—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being liquid crystals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
    • B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
    • B60K35/215—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays characterised by the combination of multiple visual outputs, e.g. combined instruments with analogue meters and additional displays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
    • B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
    • B60K35/22—Display screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
    • B60K35/28—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor characterised by the type of the output information, e.g. video entertainment or vehicle dynamics information; characterised by the purpose of the output information, e.g. for attracting the attention of the driver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • B60K35/60—Instruments characterised by their location or relative disposition in or on vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133538—Polarisers with spatial distribution of the polarisation direction

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Instrument Panels (AREA)

Abstract

The display device with monochromatic liquid crystal is of a polarizer type and comprises one positive and one negative display zone combined in the same display screen. The device comprises a polarization film on one face, and the display zones are obtained by a crossing of the polarization directions of the two zones of the film at 90 degree angle. The first zone is in the form of a wide strip, and the second zone is in the form of a narrow strip, as in a first embodiment; or the first zone is inserted in the second zone, as in a second alternative embodiment. The device comprises a display of the vehicle velocity in the first zone. In particular, the device comprises a petrol tank/reservoir gauge (E), a thermometer (T), a rev counter/tachometer (C), a velocity-meter/tachometer (V), a distance-meter/pedometer (D), a doors-closing indicator (F), and a gearbox indicator (B). The device also comprises a third zone interposed between the two zones whose display is inverted with respect to the second zone.

Description

<Desc/Clms Page number 1> <Desc / Clms Page number 1>

L'invention se rapporte au domaine de l'affichage d'informations au moyen d'afficheurs à cristaux liquides monochromes, en particulier pour une application aux véhicules automobiles.  The invention relates to the field of displaying information by means of monochrome liquid crystal displays, in particular for application to motor vehicles.

On utilise maintenant, communément, des afficheurs à cristaux liquides monochromes dans les tableaux de bord des véhicules automobiles. Ils sont bien adaptés pour indiquer des informations relatives à un grand nombre de paramètres. On note, en particulier, ceux relatifs au fonctionnement du véhicule ou à l'environnement tels que la vitesse, diverses températures, les distances, les jauges, l'état de diverses parties du véhicule, etc. La tendance actuelle est de regrouper un nombre croissant d'indicateurs sur le tableau de bord. Cependant placer de nombreuses informations sur un écran aux dimensions nécessairement limitées, présente l'inconvénient de les rendre peu visibles ou peu distinctes les unes des autres. Il en résulte une gêne pour le conducteur du véhicule lorsqu'il doit parcourir l'écran du regard pour trouver l'information dont il a besoin.  Monochrome liquid crystal displays are now commonly used in the dashboards of motor vehicles. They are well suited to indicate information relating to a large number of parameters. We note, in particular, those relating to the operation of the vehicle or the environment such as speed, various temperatures, distances, gauges, the state of various parts of the vehicle, etc. The current trend is to group together an increasing number of indicators on the dashboard. However, placing a lot of information on a screen with necessarily limited dimensions has the drawback of making them not very visible or not very distinct from one another. This results in discomfort for the driver of the vehicle when he has to look around the screen to find the information he needs.

La présente invention se propose de remédier à ce problème.  The present invention proposes to remedy this problem.

Le dispositif d'affichage dont il est question dans la présente invention est du type à polariseur, connu en soi.  The display device in question in the present invention is of the polarizer type, known per se.

Schématiquement, une cellule pour ce type d'afficheur comprend un cristal liquide nématique en hélice, placé entre deux plaques en matériau transparent, verre notamment, maintenues à distance l'une de l'autre par des cales d'épaisseur. Les plaques portent des électrodes transparentes en oxyde d'indium dopé à l'étain et les molécules composant le cristal sont disposées en hélice de l'une à l'autre. Lorsque les électrodes ne sont pas sous tension une lumière incidente polarisée subit ainsi la rotation imposée par l'hélice. Par contre en appliquant un champ électrique entre les électrodes, on contraint les molécules à s'orienter parallèlement à ce champ. La structure hélicoïdale du cristal liquide est détruite. La direction de la polarisation de la lumière incidente n'est alors pas affectée au passage à travers le cristal. Pour réaliser un afficheur, on place un polariseur sur les deux faces de la cellule.  Schematically, a cell for this type of display comprises a helical nematic liquid crystal, placed between two plates of transparent material, glass in particular, kept at a distance from one another by shims of thickness. The plates carry transparent electrodes made of indium oxide doped with tin and the molecules composing the crystal are arranged helically from one to the other. When the electrodes are not energized, incident polarized light thus undergoes the rotation imposed by the propeller. On the other hand, by applying an electric field between the electrodes, the molecules are forced to orient themselves parallel to this field. The helical structure of the liquid crystal is destroyed. The direction of the polarization of the incident light is then not affected when passing through the crystal. To make a display, a polarizer is placed on both sides of the cell.

<Desc/Clms Page number 2> <Desc / Clms Page number 2>

Lorsque les directions de polarisation des deux polariseurs sont croisées à 90 , angle correspondant à celui de rotation des molécules sur l'hélice, on a deux états possibles :
En l'absence de champ électrique, la lumière polarisée incidente subit une rotation de 90 et n'est pas absorbée par le polariseur sur l'autre face de la cellule. L'écran est lumineux. When the polarization directions of the two polarizers are crossed at 90, angle corresponding to that of rotation of the molecules on the helix, there are two possible states:
In the absence of an electric field, the incident polarized light undergoes a rotation of 90 and is not absorbed by the polarizer on the other face of the cell. The screen is bright.

Lorsqu'un champ électrique est appliqué entre les électrodes, la polarisation de la lumière incidente reste inchangée à travers le cristal. La lumière est alors absorbée par le second polariseur. L'écran paraît noir.  When an electric field is applied between the electrodes, the polarization of the incident light remains unchanged through the crystal. The light is then absorbed by the second polarizer. The screen looks black.

Lorsque les directions de polarisation des deux polariseurs sont parallèles, on obtient le résultat inverse. En l'absence de champ électrique, l'écran est noir. Lorsqu'un champ est appliqué, l'écran devient lumineux.  When the polarization directions of the two polarizers are parallel, the opposite result is obtained. In the absence of an electric field, the screen is black. When a field is applied, the screen becomes bright.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation connu, on place un polariseur sur la face frontale seulement et on prévoit un réflecteur non polarisant sur la face arrière de la cellule. Selon que le champ électrique est activé ou non, la lumière incidente et la lumière réfléchie ont la même direction de polarisation ou non, et l'écran apparaît lumineux ou non.  According to another known embodiment, a polarizer is placed on the front face only and a non-polarizing reflector is provided on the rear face of the cell. Depending on whether the electric field is activated or not, the incident light and the reflected light have the same direction of polarization or not, and the screen appears bright or not.

Selon l'usage courant dans ce domaine technique, on qualifie de positif, un afficheur dont les segments, appelés également digits, apparaissent sombres sur fond clair. On qualifie de négatif un afficheur dont les digits apparaissent clairs sur fond sombre.  According to current usage in this technical field, a display is called positive, the segments of which, also called digits, appear dark on a light background. We call a display negative whose digits appear clear on a dark background.

Conformément à l'invention le dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide monochrome, notamment pour tableau de bord de véhicule automobile, du type à polariseur et comportant une première et une seconde zone d'affichage, est caractérisé par le fait que la première zone est à affichage positif, et la seconde zone est à affichage négatif.  In accordance with the invention, the monochrome liquid crystal display device, in particular for a dashboard of a motor vehicle, of the polarizer type and comprising first and second display areas, is characterized in that the first area is with positive display, and the second zone is with negative display.

L'invention concerne un afficheur comportant une cellule unique à cristal liquide. Le tableau de bord peut quant à lui comprendre plusieurs dispositifs d'affichage.  The invention relates to a display comprising a single liquid crystal cell. The dashboard can in turn include several display devices.

<Desc/Clms Page number 3> <Desc / Clms Page number 3>

Conformément à une autre caractéristique, on applique sur une face des partions de film polariseur de façon à ce qu'elles soient orientées selon des directions de polarisation croisées à 90 .  According to another characteristic, polarizer film partitions are applied to one face so that they are oriented in polarization directions crossed at 90.

On réalise ainsi de manière simple, un affichage mixte avec une zone à affichage positif et une zone à affichage négatif.  A mixed display is thus produced in a simple manner with a positive display area and a negative display area.

On définit les deux zones de manière à séparer au mieux les informations que l'on souhaite faire apparaître sur l'écran. Ainsi on peut disposer une partie des informations sur une bande large et une autre partie sur une bande plus étroite, juxtaposée à la première. On peut aussi placer la première zone à la façon d'un insert, sensiblement au centre de la seconde zone.  We define the two areas so as to best separate the information that we want to appear on the screen. Thus one can have part of the information on a wide band and another part on a narrower band, juxtaposed to the first. The first zone can also be placed like an insert, substantially in the center of the second zone.

On décrit ci-après deux modes de réalisation qui permettront le cas échéant de mieux comprendre l'invention, en référence aux dessins sur lesquels : - la figure 1 est une vue de face d'un dispositif d'affichage selon l'invention, - la figure 2 est une représentation schématique de la disposition des films polariseurs selon un premier mode de réalisation, - la figure 3 est une représentation schématique de la disposition des films polariseurs selon un second mode de réalisation.  Two embodiments are described below which will make it possible, if necessary, to better understand the invention, with reference to the drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a front view of a display device according to the invention, - FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the arrangement of the polarizing films according to a first embodiment, - Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the arrangement of the polarizing films according to a second embodiment.

La figure 1 représente de face un exemple d'afficheur à cristal liquide susceptible d'équiper les tableaux de bord de véhicules automobiles.  FIG. 1 shows a front view of an example of a liquid crystal display capable of equipping dashboards of motor vehicles.

On reconnaît sur cet afficheur (1) plusieurs indicateurs : une jauge du réservoir d'essence (E), un thermomètre (T), un compte tour (C), un tachymètre (V), un podomètre (D), un signal sur l'état de fermeture des portières (F), un renvoi de la boîte de vitesse (B). On reconnaît également une partie matricielle pour diverses autres informations utiles (U).  We recognize on this display (1) several indicators: a fuel tank gauge (E), a thermometer (T), a lap counter (C), a tachometer (V), a pedometer (D), a signal on the closed state of the doors (F), a gearbox return (B). We also recognize a matrix part for various other useful information (U).

<Desc/Clms Page number 4> <Desc / Clms Page number 4>

Conformément à l'invention, on a subdivisé l'écran en deux zones.  In accordance with the invention, the screen has been subdivided into two zones.

Une première zone (P) à affichage positif est en position centrale. Cette zone est de préférence dédiée à la vitesse. La seconde zone (N), à affichage négatif, occupe le reste de l'écran. A first zone (P) with positive display is in the central position. This zone is preferably dedicated to speed. The second area (N), with negative display, occupies the rest of the screen.

Pour réaliser cette partition de l'écran, le moyen simple de l'invention consiste, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 2, à utiliser deux parties de film polariseur. On les a découpées selon le contour des zones souhaitées.  To achieve this partition of the screen, the simple means of the invention consists, as can be seen in FIG. 2, of using two parts of polarizing film. They were cut according to the outline of the desired areas.

Une portion de film a la forme de la première zone (P) et l'autre portion de film a la forme de la seconde zone (N). on les a ensuite déposées sur la face arrière de la cellule à cristal liquide de telle façon que les directions de polarisation soient croisées (flèches FI et F2). One portion of film has the shape of the first area (P) and the other portion of film has the shape of the second area (N). they were then deposited on the rear face of the liquid crystal cell so that the directions of polarization are crossed (arrows FI and F2).

En fonctionnement, les digits représentant la vitesse apparaissent en noir sur un fond clair, éventuellement coloré. Dans la zone (N), les indications apparaissent en clair sur fond sombre.  In operation, the digits representing the speed appear in black on a light background, possibly colored. In the area (N), the indications appear in light on a dark background.

Sur la figure 3, on a représenté un autre mode de réalisation. Les deux zones ont la forme de bandes juxtaposées de largeurs différentes. Les flèches FI et F2 donnent les directions de polarisation respectives. Le principe de fonctionnement est le même.  In Figure 3, another embodiment is shown. The two zones are in the form of juxtaposed bands of different widths. The arrows FI and F2 give the respective directions of polarization. The operating principle is the same.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation non représenté, on réalise un afficheur avec au moins une troisième zone juxtaposée à l'une des deux premières et dont l'affichage est inversé par rapport à cette dernière.  According to another embodiment not shown, a display is produced with at least a third zone juxtaposed with one of the first two and the display of which is reversed with respect to the latter.

Bien sûr l'invention ne se limite pas à ces modes de réalisation. Elle comprend tous les modes de réalisation à la portée de l'homme de l'art. Of course, the invention is not limited to these embodiments. It includes all the embodiments within the reach of ordinary skill in the art.

Claims (6)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Dispositif d'affichage à cristal liquide monochrome, notamment pour tableau de bord de véhicule automobile, du type à polariseur et comportant une première et une seconde zone d'affichage, caractérisé par le fait que la première zone est à affichage positif, et la seconde zone est à affichage négatif. 1. A monochrome liquid crystal display device, in particular for a dashboard of a motor vehicle, of the polarizer type and comprising a first and a second display area, characterized in that the first area has a positive display, and the second zone has a negative display. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente comportant un film de polarisation sur une face, caractérisé par le fait que les dites zones d'affichage sont obtenues par le croisement à 90 des directions de polarisation des deux zones correspondantes du dit film.  2. Device according to the preceding claim comprising a polarization film on one side, characterized in that the said display zones are obtained by crossing at 90 the polarization directions of the two corresponding zones of the said film. 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que la première zone forme une bande large, et la seconde zone une bande étroite.  3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the first zone forms a wide band, and the second zone a narrow band. 4. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que la première zone est insérée dans la seconde zone.  4. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the first zone is inserted in the second zone. 5. Dispositif selon la revendication précédente comportant l'affichage de la vitesse du véhicule, caractérisé par le fait que ladite vitesse est affichée dans la première zone.  5. Device according to the preceding claim comprising the display of the vehicle speed, characterized in that said speed is displayed in the first zone. 6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend au moins une troisième zone juxtaposée à l'une des première et seconde zones dont l'affichage est inversé par rapport à cette dernière. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least a third zone juxtaposed with one of the first and second zones, the display of which is reversed with respect to the latter.
FR0107089A 2001-05-30 2001-05-30 Liquid-crystal display device, e.g. for use in motor vehicle dashboard comprises positive and negative display zones combined in same display screen Pending FR2825503A1 (en)

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FR0107089A FR2825503A1 (en) 2001-05-30 2001-05-30 Liquid-crystal display device, e.g. for use in motor vehicle dashboard comprises positive and negative display zones combined in same display screen

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FR0107089A FR2825503A1 (en) 2001-05-30 2001-05-30 Liquid-crystal display device, e.g. for use in motor vehicle dashboard comprises positive and negative display zones combined in same display screen

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4173757A (en) * 1976-09-24 1979-11-06 Thomson-Csf Liquid crystal display device
US4630894A (en) * 1983-03-23 1986-12-23 Borg Instruments Gmbh Multi-colored liquid crystal display with color transflector and color filter
JPS6231823A (en) * 1985-08-02 1987-02-10 Ricoh Co Ltd Displaying device for vehicle
JPS62153818A (en) * 1985-12-27 1987-07-08 Stanley Electric Co Ltd Liquid crystal display device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4173757A (en) * 1976-09-24 1979-11-06 Thomson-Csf Liquid crystal display device
US4630894A (en) * 1983-03-23 1986-12-23 Borg Instruments Gmbh Multi-colored liquid crystal display with color transflector and color filter
JPS6231823A (en) * 1985-08-02 1987-02-10 Ricoh Co Ltd Displaying device for vehicle
JPS62153818A (en) * 1985-12-27 1987-07-08 Stanley Electric Co Ltd Liquid crystal display device

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 211 (P - 594) 9 July 1987 (1987-07-09) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 386 (P - 647) 17 December 1987 (1987-12-17) *

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