FR2814816A1 - Detection of spatial debris using a CCD camera system embarked on a satellite that enables velocity and position of the debris to be determined by triangulation without complex electronics and with only low power requirements - Google Patents

Detection of spatial debris using a CCD camera system embarked on a satellite that enables velocity and position of the debris to be determined by triangulation without complex electronics and with only low power requirements Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2814816A1
FR2814816A1 FR0012696A FR0012696A FR2814816A1 FR 2814816 A1 FR2814816 A1 FR 2814816A1 FR 0012696 A FR0012696 A FR 0012696A FR 0012696 A FR0012696 A FR 0012696A FR 2814816 A1 FR2814816 A1 FR 2814816A1
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France
Prior art keywords
debris
satellite
triangulation
detection
velocity
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FR0012696A
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French (fr)
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FR2814816B1 (en
Inventor
Olivier Girard
Joel Bernier
Ythier Renaud Mercier
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Sagem SA
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Sagem SA
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Priority to FR0012696A priority Critical patent/FR2814816B1/en
Priority to FR0017105A priority patent/FR2814817B1/en
Publication of FR2814816A1 publication Critical patent/FR2814816A1/en
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Publication of FR2814816B1 publication Critical patent/FR2814816B1/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/66—Arrangements or adaptations of apparatus or instruments, not otherwise provided for
    • B64G1/68—Arrangements or adaptations of apparatus or instruments, not otherwise provided for of meteoroid or space debris detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
    • G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
    • G01V8/20—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using multiple transmitters or receivers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)

Abstract

Passive optical detection device embarked on a satellite for detection, sizing and velocity determination of space debris passing close to the satellite. The device comprises two CCD cameras with means for modulating received light intensity over time and processing computer for determining size, position and velocity of debris particles from the received images. Determination of particle position is by triangulation from the two camera images. Two photo-intensifier tubes are used which act as a rapid shutter. The gain of the photo- intensifier is varied by changing the voltage of the photo-cathode, with high frequency modulation of the order of several kHz.

Description

<Desc/Clms Page number 1> <Desc / Clms Page number 1>

DETECTION DE DEBRIS SPATIAUX EN ORBITE A PARTIR D'UN
INSTRUMENT EMBARQUE SUR SATELLITE
Les débris constituent une menace pour les satellites, du fait de leur grande vitesse (de l'ordre de 10 km/s). DETECTION OF SPACE DEBRIS IN ORBIT FROM A
INSTRUMENT ON BOARD ON SATELLITE
Debris poses a threat to satellites due to their high speed (around 10 km / s).

L'instrument proposé a pour but de détecter les petits débris (taille comprise entre 0.1 et 1000 mm) invisibles depuis le sol. L'objectif est de caractériser ces débris en mesurant leur distance, leur vitesse et leur taille.  The purpose of the proposed instrument is to detect small debris (size between 0.1 and 1000 mm) invisible from the ground. The objective is to characterize this debris by measuring their distance, speed and size.

Ceci impose une détection rapide et très sensible.  This requires rapid and very sensitive detection.

Par ailleurs, les contraintes satellites limitent l'encombrement et la puissance électrique disponible.  In addition, satellite constraints limit the size and available electrical power.

Le problème est pour le moment résolu par l'utilisation de télescopes et radars terrestres qui ne peuvent voir les petits débris et par l'embarquement de détecteurs d'impact sur les satellites qui ont des surfaces de détection limitées et doivent être récupérés pour analyse.  The problem is for the moment resolved by the use of terrestrial telescopes and radars which cannot see the small debris and by the embarkation of impact detectors on the satellites which have limited detection surfaces and must be recovered for analysis.

Le dispositif comprend deux objectifs installés sur un microsatellite.  The device includes two objectives installed on a microsatellite.

La distance du débris est obtenue par triangulation à partir de deux images prises par les CCD du même objet.  The distance of the debris is obtained by triangulation from two images taken by the CCDs of the same object.

Par ailleurs, chaque objectif est équipé d'un tube intensificateur d'image servant d'obturateur rapide.  In addition, each lens is equipped with an image intensifier tube serving as a fast shutter.

Ceci permet de dater le passage du débris, en faisant varier l'intensité du signal reçu lors de son passage dans le champ.  This makes it possible to date the passage of the debris, by varying the intensity of the signal received during its passage through the field.

Pour ce faire, le gain de l'intensificateur est modulé en faisant varier la tension de la photocathode. La vitesse du débris impose une modulation haute fréquence (quelques centaines de kHz).  To do this, the gain of the intensifier is modulated by varying the voltage of the photocathode. The speed of the debris requires high frequency modulation (a few hundred kHz).

Connaissant pour chaque pixel du champ la distance du débris et la date de passage, il est alors possible de calculer sa vitesse et de reconstituer sa trajectoire.  Knowing for each pixel of the field the distance of the debris and the date of passage, it is then possible to calculate its speed and reconstruct its trajectory.

Cette solution présente l'avantage de ne pas nécessiter de source d'éclairage spécifique (on utilise le soleil), très consommatrice en puissance électrique.  This solution has the advantage of not requiring a specific light source (we use the sun), which consumes a lot of electrical power.

<Desc/Clms Page number 2> <Desc / Clms Page number 2>

Elle permet d'utiliser un détecteur très sensible (la CCD) garantissant une très bonne résolution spatiale, utile pour la mesure de distances.  It allows the use of a very sensitive detector (CCD) guaranteeing a very good spatial resolution, useful for measuring distances.

Ceci est obtenu sans utiliser une électronique complexe, malgré le grand nombre de pixels acquis par image.  This is achieved without using complex electronics, despite the large number of pixels acquired per image.

Un seul type de détecteur est par ailleurs nécessaire pour déterminer tous les paramètres recherchés (taille, vitesse, distance et trajectoire).  A single type of detector is also necessary to determine all the parameters sought (size, speed, distance and trajectory).

La principale application est un système embarqué sur satellite de détection de débris. The main application is an on-board debris detection system.

Claims (2)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Instrument apte à être embarqué sur satellite, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de détection optique passifs aptes à détecter la présence de débris à proximité du satellite et à déterminer leur vitesse.  1. Instrument capable of being carried on satellite, characterized in that it includes passive optical detection means capable of detecting the presence of debris near the satellite and of determining their speed. 2. Instrument selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux caméras CCD et des moyens pour moduler dans le temps l'intensité de la lumière reçue par ces deux caméras, l'instrument comportant en outre des moyens de traitement aptes à déterminer, à partir des images relevées par l'une et l'autre des deux caméras, la distance à laquelle se trouvent les débris, ainsi que leur vitesse. 2. Instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two CCD cameras and means for modulating over time the intensity of the light received by these two cameras, the instrument further comprising processing means capable of determine, from the images taken by one and the other of the two cameras, the distance at which the debris is, as well as their speed.
FR0012696A 2000-10-04 2000-10-04 DETECTION OF SPACE DEBRIS IN ORBIT FROM AN INSTRUMENT ON BOARD ON SATELLITE Expired - Fee Related FR2814816B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0012696A FR2814816B1 (en) 2000-10-04 2000-10-04 DETECTION OF SPACE DEBRIS IN ORBIT FROM AN INSTRUMENT ON BOARD ON SATELLITE
FR0017105A FR2814817B1 (en) 2000-10-04 2000-12-27 DETECTION OF SPACE DEBRIS IN ORBIT FROM AN INSTRUMENT ON BOARD ON SATELLITE

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0012696A FR2814816B1 (en) 2000-10-04 2000-10-04 DETECTION OF SPACE DEBRIS IN ORBIT FROM AN INSTRUMENT ON BOARD ON SATELLITE

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FR2814816A1 true FR2814816A1 (en) 2002-04-05
FR2814816B1 FR2814816B1 (en) 2003-01-31

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2536349C2 (en) * 2010-09-10 2014-12-20 АйЭйчАй КОРПОРЕЙШН Detection of space debris

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000025700A (en) * 1998-07-16 2000-01-25 Nec Corp Detecting device and method for space debris with single point observation
JP2000190900A (en) * 1998-12-28 2000-07-11 Nec Corp Space debris detecting method and space debris detecting device
US6100517A (en) * 1995-06-22 2000-08-08 3Dv Systems Ltd. Three dimensional camera
US6118885A (en) * 1996-06-03 2000-09-12 Institut Francais Du Petrole Airborne image acquisition and processing system with variable characteristics

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6100517A (en) * 1995-06-22 2000-08-08 3Dv Systems Ltd. Three dimensional camera
US6118885A (en) * 1996-06-03 2000-09-12 Institut Francais Du Petrole Airborne image acquisition and processing system with variable characteristics
JP2000025700A (en) * 1998-07-16 2000-01-25 Nec Corp Detecting device and method for space debris with single point observation
JP2000190900A (en) * 1998-12-28 2000-07-11 Nec Corp Space debris detecting method and space debris detecting device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2536349C2 (en) * 2010-09-10 2014-12-20 АйЭйчАй КОРПОРЕЙШН Detection of space debris
US8923561B2 (en) 2010-09-10 2014-12-30 Ihi Corporation Method of detecting space debris

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