FR2810684A1 - Submersible structure, esp artificial reef, is made from arched rods attached to base supports - Google Patents

Submersible structure, esp artificial reef, is made from arched rods attached to base supports Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2810684A1
FR2810684A1 FR0007957A FR0007957A FR2810684A1 FR 2810684 A1 FR2810684 A1 FR 2810684A1 FR 0007957 A FR0007957 A FR 0007957A FR 0007957 A FR0007957 A FR 0007957A FR 2810684 A1 FR2810684 A1 FR 2810684A1
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filiform elements
structures according
supports
structures
filiform
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FR2810684B1 (en
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Sue Dominique Gabriel W Bordes
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/046—Artificial reefs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/26—Artificial reefs or seaweed; Restoration or protection of coral reefs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The structure consists of a series of arched flexible or curved rods (2) with their lower ends joined to base supports (4) to form a rack shape. The rods can be of a flexible, imputrescible material such as metal or plastic, and can be linked by horizontal cables or rods to give them greater rigidity. Their ends are fixed in holes in the base supports by keys and sealed with a mastic, adhesive or cement.

Description

<U>Descriptif</U> L'invention est relative aux structures immergeables et concerne plus particulièrement, parce que c'est dans ce cas que son application semble la plus intéressante mais non exclusivement, des structures destinées à la réalisation de récifs artificiels, à l'aménagement de sites aquatiques, à la protection de zones de surface ou de profondeur pouvant servir par exemple de système anti-houle, de brise lames, de structures ludiques, etc... <U> Description </ U> The invention relates to immersible structures and concerns more particularly, because it is in this case that its application seems the most interesting but not exclusively, structures for the realization of artificial reefs, the development of aquatic sites, the protection of surface or depth zones that can be used for example anti-wave system, breakwaters, play structures, etc ...

On a proposé, dans l'art antérieur des récifs artificiels constitués par des matériaux lourds tels que le béton présentant différentes formes et alvéoles, des structures assemblées en amas. It has been proposed in the prior art artificial reefs consisting of heavy materials such as concrete with different shapes and cells, structures assembled in clusters.

La conception de ces structures principalement d'origine japonaise visent à développer des fonctions d'attraction et d'habitat pour les poissons et crustacés. Des structures plus légères basées sur le déploiement de spirales ont été développées - Brevet - D. Bordes Sue - 82 143 72. The design of these structures mainly of Japanese origin aim to develop attraction and habitat functions for fish and shellfish. Lighter structures based on the deployment of spirals have been developed - Patent - D. Bordes Sue - 82 143 72.

Des structures concernant des pieux aménagés ont été conçues récemment, brevet Etienne Clamagirand Avril 2000. Structures for engineered piles have recently been designed, Etienne Clamagirand patent April 2000.

Les structures proposées dans le présent brevet visent à développer plus particulièrement la fonction d'attraction du poisson, la fonction alimentaire par enrichissement du biotope et la fonction ludique des récifs artificiels. The structures proposed in this patent aim to develop more particularly the attraction function of the fish, the food function by enriching the biotope and the playful function of artificial reefs.

D'autre part, elles présentent l'intérêt de minimiser le coût de mise à l'eau d'un récif, lequel est fonction du volume et du poids chargé et transporté jusqu'au lieu d'immersion. On the other hand, they have the advantage of minimizing the cost of launching a reef, which is a function of the volume and weight loaded and transported to the place of immersion.

Ces structures récifales présentent la particularité d'être transportées à plat, pré- montées, la mise en forme finale s'effectuant sur le lieu d'immersion. These reef structures have the particularity of being transported flat, pre-mounted, the final shaping taking place on the place of immersion.

En ce qui concerne les fonction ludiques du récif, il paraît important d'aménager des sites sous marins pour la plongée ou la pêche récréative en développant des structures pouvant créer des tunnels, des voûtes ou des labyrinthes . With regard to the recreational functions of the reef, it seems important to develop underwater sites for diving or recreational fishing by developing structures that can create tunnels, vaults or labyrinths.

En ce qui concerne la fonction attractive de ce type de récif, la structure filiforme de ses composants traversées par les courants, permet de créer des vibrations dans la masse d'eau qui ont un impact sur la ligne latérale des poissons. With regard to the attractive function of this type of reef, the filiform structure of its components traversed by the currents, allows to create vibrations in the body of water which have an impact on the lateral line of the fish.

En ce qui concerne la fonction alimentaire du récif qui présente une complémen tarité indispensable aux récifs de fonction habitat , nous nous orientons dans l'utilisation de structures comportant des éléments filiformes à surface rugueuse permettant la fixation puis le développement des espèces animales ou végétales ciblées. With regard to the reef food function, which has a necessary complementarity to the habitat-dwelling reefs, we are moving towards the use of structures with filiform elements with rough surface allowing the fixation and the development of the targeted animal or plant species.

La section des éléments filiformes est indifféremment cylindrique, ovale, carrée ou rectangulaire ou toute forme plus élaborée ( cruciforme, T...). The section of the filiform elements is indifferently cylindrical, oval, square or rectangular or any more elaborate form (cruciform, T ...).

L'exemple type de récifs alimentaires est la corde de culture de moule. La corde de culture de moule se présente soit suspendue, soit enroulée sur bouchot. The typical example of food reefs is the mold growing rope. The mold culture rope is either suspended or wrapped on bouchot.

Les structures proposées présenteront donc une pluralité d'éléments filiformes (1), (2) ou (3) juxtaposés, séparées par un intervalle moyen de 0,10 à 1 mètre, intervalle donné pour indication et ne pouvant être limitatif..... La longueur des éléments filiformes est variable ( un à plusieurs mètres ), longueurs données pour indication et non limitative. The proposed structures will therefore have a plurality of filiform elements (1), (2) or (3) juxtaposed, separated by an average interval of 0.10 to 1 meter, given range for indication and can not be limiting .... The length of the filiform elements is variable (one to several meters), lengths given for indication and not limiting.

Les éléments filiformes peuvent se présenter sous forme de grillage. The filiform elements may be in the form of mesh.

Le grillage peut être considéré comme une pluralité d'éléments filiformes qui sont réunis par des moyens de rigidification positionnés de manière croisée. The mesh can be considered as a plurality of filiform elements which are joined by cross-positioned stiffening means.

Le vide de maille est choisie en fonction de la nature des fixations animales ou végétales du site. The mesh gap is chosen according to the nature of the animal or plant fixations of the site.

Pour indication et de manière non limitative, des vides de maille de 50 à<B>100</B> cm seront utilisés. For indication and without limitation, gaps of 50 to <B> 100 </ B> cm will be used.

En effet, il est important de conserver une structure ajourée après fixation de la faune ou de la flore locale afin de leur permettre une meilleure activité. Indeed, it is important to maintain a perforated structure after fixing the local fauna or flora to allow them a better activity.

Les éléments filiformes sont fabriqués avec des matériaux imputrescibles tels que les matières plastiques armées ou non, les résines epoxy / fibres de verre, les métaux ou alliage. The filiform elements are made of rot-proof materials such as reinforced or non-reinforced plastics, epoxy / fiberglass resins, metals or alloys.

Les structures artificielles comportent une pluralité d'éléments filiformes pouvant être fixés soit par une (1) ou par leurs deux extrémités (2) au(x) support(s) de base (4) servant de fondation et de lest à l'ensemble. The artificial structures comprise a plurality of filiform elements that can be attached either by one (1) or both ends (2) to the base support (s) (4) serving as a foundation and ballast to the assembly. .

Ces supports de base (4) peuvent être reliés entre eux par des moyens de liaison (5) afin d'assurer une meilleure cohésion de la structure ainsi qu'une meilleure stabilité. These base supports (4) can be interconnected by connecting means (5) to ensure a better cohesion of the structure and a better stability.

Le support de base type consistera, dans la plus grande majorité des cas en un poteau généralement en béton armé mais non exclusivement, présentant sur sa longueur des orifices dans lesquels les éléments filiformes sont enfilés puis fixés préalablement à l'aide de clavettes et scellé avec un mastic (mastic époxy par exemple), une colle, du ciment ou tout autre matériau de scellement. The basic type of support will consist, in the majority of cases, of a post generally made of reinforced concrete but not exclusively, having along its length orifices in which the filiform elements are threaded and then fixed beforehand with the aid of keys and sealed with putty (epoxy putty for example), glue, cement or any other sealing material.

Les supports de base (4) peuvent se présenter sous des formes variables tels que des poteaux rectilignes ou courbés, des structures fermées présentant toute forme géométrique ( cercle, carré...), des socles pleins aux formes géométriques variables. The base supports (4) can be in various forms such as rectilinear or curved poles, closed structures having any geometric shape (circle, square ...), solid bases with variable geometric shapes.

Dans le premier cas où les éléments filiformes sont fixés par leurs deux extrémités (2) aux supports de base (4), le montage sera fonction de 1a présentation des éléments filiformes Option dans laquelle la forme des éléments filiformes a été préalablement réalisée avant le montage (éléments filiformes préformés (3) -.figure l ) . In the first case where the filiform elements are fixed by their two ends (2) to the base supports (4), the assembly will be a function of the presentation of the filiform elements Option in which the shape of the filiform elements was previously performed before mounting (preformed filiform elements (3) -Figure 1).

Les éléments filiformes préformés sont fixés sur les supports base (figure 2). Dans cette option, la forme finale de la structure récifale en structure de Voûte (6) ou tunnel est obtenue directement, des variantes sont réalisées par écartement (figure 3) ou rapprochement (figure 4) des supports, des moyens de liaison adaptés (5) étant prévus pour maintenir l'écartement des supports (figure 5). Option dans laquelle les éléments filiformes se présentent sous forme de tiges flexibles dont les deux extrémités vont être fixées aux supports de base. The preformed filiform elements are fixed on the base supports (FIG. 2). In this option, the final shape of the reef structure in the vault structure (6) or tunnel is obtained directly, variants are made by spacing (FIG. 3) or approaching (FIG. 4) the supports, adapted connection means (FIG. ) being provided to maintain the spacing of the supports (Figure 5). Option in which the filiform elements are in the form of flexible rods whose two ends will be fixed to the base supports.

Dans cette option, avant le montage final, la structure se présente à plat, comme une série d'éléments filiformes éventuellement parallèles entre eux, fixés aux poteaux de support de base (4) par leur deux extrémités (2), (figure 6). La mise en forme finale de la structure sera obtenue par flexion des éléments filiformes effectuée en rapprochant les supports de base (4) et en les reliant entre eux par des éléments de liaison (5) en béton armé encastrés et vissés, par des câbles ou des chaînes. In this option, before the final assembly, the structure is presented flat, as a series of filiform elements possibly parallel to each other, fixed to the base support posts (4) by their two ends (2), (FIG. 6). . The final shaping of the structure will be obtained by bending of the filiform elements carried out by bringing the base supports (4) closer and connecting them together by connecting elements (5) reinforced concrete embedded and screwed, by cables or Chains.

Dans les deux options, ( éléments filiformes préformées ou non ) nous obtenons une structure Voûte (6), ( figure 7) . In both options, (filiform elements preformed or not) we obtain a vault structure (6), (figure 7).

Dans le second cas, une seule extrémité des éléments filiformes (1)est fixée au poteau support de base (4). In the second case, only one end of the filiform elements (1) is fixed to the base support post (4).

Les éléments filiformes peuvent être orientés vers la surface dans la même direction, on obtient la structure primaire du récif en Râteau (7). (figure 8). Le montage final de la Structure Râteau s'effectue en fixant de manière croisée deux ou une pluralité de structures primaires (7), (figure 9). The filiform elements can be oriented towards the surface in the same direction, we obtain the primary structure of the Rake reef (7). (Figure 8). The final assembly of the Rake Structure is carried out by cross-securing two or a plurality of primary structures (7), (FIG. 9).

Dans le cas où les éléments filiformes sont orientés vers la surface sous des angles différents, de manière rayonnante, on obtient la structure Oursin (8). In the case where the filiform elements are oriented towards the surface at different angles, radially, the structure Urchin (8) is obtained.

La structure Oursin est une variante à la structure râteau (7) en ce sens où la forme du support permet d'assurer une meilleure stabilité sans nécessité d' association avec un autre support. The Sea Urchin structure is a variant of the rake structure (7) in that the shape of the support makes it possible to ensure better stability without the need for association with another support.

La figure 10 est une coupe de la structure Oursin à base cylindrique présentant des éléments filiformes rayonnant vers la surface sous des angles différents. Figure 10 is a sectional view of the cylindrical-based Urchin structure with filiform elements radiating to the surface at different angles.

Les structures peuvent combiner des éléments filiformes préformés (3) ou de simples tiges avec des éléments filiformes mis en forme par flexion. (figure 11) Ces combinaisons permettent d'obtenir des structures voûte combinées avec des structures râteau . Pour assurer une meilleure résistance de la structure récifale, les éléments fili formes peuvent être renforcés ou reliés entre eux par des moyens de rigidification (9) tels que des câbles ou des tiges en matériau imputrescible. (figure 12). The structures may combine preformed filiform elements (3) or simple rods with filiform elements shaped by bending. (Figure 11) These combinations make it possible to obtain vault structures combined with rake structures. To ensure a better resistance of the reef structure, the fili forms can be reinforced or interconnected by stiffening means (9) such as cables or rods of rotproof material. (Figure 12).

La fixation entre les moyens de rigidification et les éléments filiformes étant assurée par tout type de liens ou de raccords (10). Fixing between the stiffening means and the filiform elements being provided by any type of links or connectors (10).

Ces structures sont complémentaire aux structures Habitat traditionnellement utilisées dans la réalisation de récifs artificiels dans de nombreux programmes d'aménagement de fonds sous marins. These structures are complementary to Habitat structures traditionally used in the construction of artificial reefs in many underwater development programs.

Sa vocation ludique est un atout supplémentaire pour l'aménagement de sites préparés pour la plongée.Its playful vocation is an additional asset for the development of sites prepared for diving.

Claims (10)

<U>Revendications</U><U> Claims </ U> 1) Structures artificielles immergeables caractérisées en ce qu'elles comportent une pluralité d'éléments filiformes fixés en leur(s) extrémité(s) sur un ou des supports de base servant de fondation et de lest, des moyens de liaison étant prévus pour relier les supports de base entre eux.1) Immersible artificial structures characterized in that they comprise a plurality of filiform elements fixed at their end (s) on one or the base supports for foundation and ballast, connecting means being provided to connect the basic supports between them. 2) Structures selon la revendication 1 caractérisées en ce que les éléments filiformes sont notamment des grillages.2) Structures according to claim 1 characterized in that the filiform elements are in particular mesh. 3) Structures selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2 caractérisées en ce que les éléments filiformes sont en matériaux souples imputrescibles .3) Structures according to any one of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the filiform elements are of rot-proof flexible materials. 4) Structures selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2 et 3 caractérisées en ce qu'elles sont composées d'une pluralité d'éléments filiformes dont la forme a été préalablement réalisée.4) Structures according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3 characterized in that they are composed of a plurality of filiform elements whose shape has been previously realized. 5) Structures selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 3 et 4 dont les éléments filiformes sont fixés au support par une extrémité, caractérisées en ce que les éléments filiformes sont orientés vers la surface, les formes récifales obtenues étant de type Rateau ou de type Oursin .5) Structures according to any one of claims 1, 3 and 4, the filiform elements are fixed to the support by one end, characterized in that the filiform elements are oriented towards the surface, the reef shapes obtained being of the type Rake or Urchin type. 6) Structures selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2, 3 et 4 caractérisées en ce qu'elles sont composées d'une pluralité d'éléments filiformes fixés à leurs deux extrémités aux supports et mis en forme par flexion.6) Structures according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 4 characterized in that they are composed of a plurality of filiform elements fixed at their two ends to the supports and shaped by bending. 7) Structures récifales selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2, 3, 4 et 6, caractérisées en ce que le rapprochement ou l'écartement des supports assure la flexion des éléments filiformes pour former une structure voûtée, structure dite type Voûte .7) reef structures according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, characterized in that the approximation or spacing of the supports ensures the bending of filiform elements to form a vaulted structure, so-called vault type structure. 8) Structures selon les revendications 1 à 7 prises ensemble, caractérisées en ce qu'elles combinent des éléments filiformes préformés ou des tiges avec des éléments filiformes mis en forme par flexion.8) Structures according to claims 1 to 7 taken together, characterized in that they combine preformed filiform elements or rods with filiform elements shaped by bending. 9) Structures selon les revendications 1 à 8 prises ensemble caractérisées en ce que les éléments filiformes sont reliés entre eux par des moyens de rigidification.9) Structures according to claims 1 to 8 taken together characterized in that the filiform elements are interconnected by stiffening means. 10) Structures récifales selon les revendications 1 à 9 prises ensemble, caractérisées en ce que les éléments filiformes sont enfilés dans des trous réalisés dans les supports et fixés par une clavette associée à des matériaux de scellement tels que les mastics, les colles ou les ciments.10) reef structures according to claims 1 to 9 taken together, characterized in that the filiform elements are threaded into holes made in the supports and fixed by a key associated with sealing materials such as mastics, glues or cements .
FR0007957A 2000-06-21 2000-06-21 NEW PROCESS FOR REALIZING SUBMERSIBLE STRUCTURES FROM FILIFORN ELEMENTS, ESPECIALLY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL REEFS Expired - Fee Related FR2810684B1 (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2852199A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2004-09-17 Dominique Fontenay Culture bed for mussels has movable support with immersed raisable bed and vertical piles
FR2889214A1 (en) * 2005-07-26 2007-02-02 Sue Dominique Gabriel W Bordes Immersible reef structure for use as e.g. breakwater, has filiform elements connected between them by union parts, surrounded by protecting cover made of material such as rubber, and including fixation units fixed on central tubular axle
FR2917433A1 (en) * 2007-06-14 2008-12-19 Sue Dominique Gabriel Bordes Marine erosion controlling method for e.g. beach, involves stabilizing unstable bottom by creating zone behind groyne of structures constituted of filiform elements which are implanted on base, where base assures stability of structures
CN105104272A (en) * 2015-09-21 2015-12-02 广东联塑科技实业有限公司 Sugar-coated-haw-shaped aquaculture net cage
FR3027487A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-04-29 Ecocean DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REALIZING A SECURED ARTIFICIAL MARINE HABITAT IN IMMERED PORTIONS OF CONSTRUCTIONS
FR3033806A1 (en) * 2015-03-20 2016-09-23 Sue Dominique Gabriel William Bordes STRUCTURES TO COMBAT MARINE EROSION OF THE ESTRAN AND DEPTH
CN109874717A (en) * 2019-04-10 2019-06-14 蔡以恒 A kind of antifouling type artificial marine habitat and its application method

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2852199A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2004-09-17 Dominique Fontenay Culture bed for mussels has movable support with immersed raisable bed and vertical piles
EP1466524A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2004-10-13 Dominique Fontenay Method and device for growing shellfish at sea, particularly mussels
FR2889214A1 (en) * 2005-07-26 2007-02-02 Sue Dominique Gabriel W Bordes Immersible reef structure for use as e.g. breakwater, has filiform elements connected between them by union parts, surrounded by protecting cover made of material such as rubber, and including fixation units fixed on central tubular axle
FR2917433A1 (en) * 2007-06-14 2008-12-19 Sue Dominique Gabriel Bordes Marine erosion controlling method for e.g. beach, involves stabilizing unstable bottom by creating zone behind groyne of structures constituted of filiform elements which are implanted on base, where base assures stability of structures
FR3027487A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-04-29 Ecocean DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REALIZING A SECURED ARTIFICIAL MARINE HABITAT IN IMMERED PORTIONS OF CONSTRUCTIONS
WO2016066958A1 (en) * 2014-10-28 2016-05-06 Ecocean Device and method for producing a secure artificial marine habitat in submerged portions of constructions
FR3033806A1 (en) * 2015-03-20 2016-09-23 Sue Dominique Gabriel William Bordes STRUCTURES TO COMBAT MARINE EROSION OF THE ESTRAN AND DEPTH
CN105104272A (en) * 2015-09-21 2015-12-02 广东联塑科技实业有限公司 Sugar-coated-haw-shaped aquaculture net cage
CN109874717A (en) * 2019-04-10 2019-06-14 蔡以恒 A kind of antifouling type artificial marine habitat and its application method

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