FR2799131A1 - Stabilizing animal, urban or industrial waste, specifically to form fertilizer or substitute fuel, by mixing with calcium oxide to cause exothermic reaction and solidifying using calcium oxide particles - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for utilizing and stabilizing waste of animal, urban or industrial origin (e.g. from the food or petroleum industry) involves (a) treating the waste with calcium oxide in an amount of 5-100%, (b) mixing and homogenizing to cause exothermic reaction; and (c) solidifying the mixture in powdered form by addition of calcium oxide particles of size 0.3-0.5 mm.

Description

The present invention relates to the recovery and stabilization of organic waste by means of an exothermic reaction allowing their transformation into pulverulent dry matter, thus favoring their storage and their displacement towards the areas of use It makes it possible to treat - the bacteriological purification by the neutralization of pathogenic germs. - the. limitation of olfactory nuisances and. the recovery of natural or industrial pollutants, in four main categories - animal manure and livestock effluents - industrial waste of food origin - urban waste: household waste, (ÜM - industrial waste) in particular oil wastes, goats and grease from STEP, and polluting compounds capable of providing an energy supplement The treatment of these pollutants allows the obtaining of: - fertilizer and agricultural amendment - industrial fuel substitute The present invention is aimed at the production, (by addition of an alkaline earth metal: calcium oxide), of stabilized fertilizer fertilizers and economically recoverable, through the treatment of manure, livestock manure, urban organic waste, food and industrial origin.

This process was described by Friedrich BOLSING in 1975 in a patent application filed in the Federal Republic of Germany on July 29, 1975, No. P2533789.7 and in France under No. 7622961 of July 28, 1976. publication <B> 2319407. </ B>

The BOLSING patent referred to <B>: "</ B> a process of homogeneous dispersion of material and material mixture during the production of powdered preparation by chemical reaction".

<U> THE </ U> FERTILIZERS <U> FROM: </ U> <U> </ U> ANIMAL DEJECTIONS AND </ U> BREEDING EFFLUENTS The present invention makes it possible to obtain a product sterilized which is the consequence of a homogeneous dispersion of materials or mixture of materials (1) by exothermic reaction.

It allows bacteriological sanitation by causing the neutralization of pathogenic germs. The pollutants resulting from animal deiections - ammoniacal nitrogen, nitric nitrogen are significantly limited - heavy metals are oxidized during preparation and are well below the thresholds of current administrative standards.

 The addition of calcium oxide to materials and mixtures of materials makes it possible to assay a pH in relation to the acidity of the soil to be treated.

 Animal dung and effected livestock, can be mixed to optimize the fertilizer characteristics of fertilizers obtained.

<U> DES </ U> WASTE OF INDUSTRIAL FOOD The invention allows the treatment by the same process of treatment of materials and mixtures of materials, food waste from industrial production lines including waste from sucrcrics, dcs breweries, dairy industries, vinasse from distillation and organic waste from supermarkets.

All this waste also makes it possible to obtain fertilizers with the same faculty of dosing the PH in relation to the acidity of the soils to be treated <U> DES </ U> WASTE OF ORIGIN <U> URBAN: </ U> OM <U> (Garbage) </ U> The invention allows the treatment of urban waste: OM, for the purpose of the manufacture of fertilizer or organo-calcium amendment The treatment of OM does not allow obtaining (by the addition of calcium oxide and charged waters) than an organo-calcium amendment with limited agronomic value. On the other hand, the invention provides, through the mixture of materials (1), the means of increase the fertilizing power by the addition of animal waste, liquid or semi-liquid.

The treatment thus carried out allows the sterilization, the bacteriological purification removing the pathogenic germs of the OM and the mixtures of incoming products, bringing a limitation of the ammonium nitrogen and the nitric nitrogen, accompanied by the oxidation of the heavy metals.

<U> INDUSTRIAL </ U> FUEL <U> SUBSTITUTION </ U> The invention allows the introduction into mixtures of specific products such as urban waste, grease from STEP, oil slag, peat and compounds pollutants, capable of providing additional energy for the purpose of obtaining a replacement fuel with an ICP sufficient to be burned in a boiler device adapted for the purpose of generating energy or district heating. <U> AT THE STAGE </ U> CURRENT <U> OF ART </ U> KNOWLEDGE the treatment of organic waste from livestock manure and livestock effluents is, in the best case, the object of a drying followed by spreading on agricultural land. This unstabilized fertilizer supply is therefore difficult to transport, store and induce odor nuisance, it does not allow the sterilization and neutralization of pathogenic germs. It also does not allow the achievement of a dosage of PH in relation to the acidity of soils to <B> treat. </ B>

Animal excreta and manure effluents, if they are indisputably a very good source of fertilizer, present to date, through their spreading, significant risks of leaching without safety control, with consequences pollution of the water table.

Organic waste from food industry also represents large volumes of unstabilized products, which, through their spreading, generate leaching with consequences of soil and crop pollution.

 The absence of stabilization of this organic waste of food industry origin has the consequence of limiting the possibilities of transport of these materials to other user regions and above all does not allow their storage.

The treatment of urban waste is carried out by landfill with all the problems related to the lixiviation and the formation of gases within the mass with all the possible risks of pollution and fires.

OM are also treated by incineration, thermolysis and composting processes, called urban compost, with the olfactory disadvantages due to the development of fermentation over a prolonged period.

More recently, a new technique based on the treatment of OM together with sludge and grease of STEP in proportions fixed at 60% of OM, 20% of sludge and grease of purification plants has been introduced. 20% quicklime.

The limitation of 20% of quicklime in the mixture does not allow the determination of the PH according to the soil of destination and has the disadvantage of the obligation to obtain a homologation or a provisional authorization of sale in the respect of the legislation in force or requires a spreading plan that is part of the departmental plan.

<U> THE </ U> PRESENT IN "vTNTION <U> PERMET </ U> @` On animal manure, livestock effluents and industrial food waste: - the maintenance of nutrients and trace elements contained in animal manure, livestock manure and industrial food waste, in the form of nitrogens: phosphoric and potassium.

- a significant decrease in pollutants essentially nitrogen: ammoniacal and nitric.

- the oxidation of heavy metals - a dosage of PH directly linked to the homogenesis of calcium oxide with excrements, effluents, - sanitation. bacteriological by the action of CaO in the mixture. - stabilization for transport and storage * On urban waste (OM) - the recovery of waste in the form of organo-calcium amendment or fertilizer by adding animal waste, industrial organic food waste or water loaded, with the exception of fats and sludge from STEP the process allowing the bacteriological remediation by the action of CaO in the mixture - a significant decrease of the pollutants elements mainly amonical and nitric nitrogen - the oxidation of heavy metals - a pH determination directly related to the homogenization of calcium oxide with O1VI.

- Bacteriological remediation by the action of CaO in the mixture - Stabilization allowing transport and storage * On industrial waste - the recovery of industrial waste makes it possible to obtain a fuel of substitution especially in starting from the treatment of the household garbage in which one incorporates greases of stations of purifications, dross dasses, and polluting compounds likely to bring an energetic complement in the mixture.

the stabilization in pulverulent form allows the storage and transport of the product obtained which, according to the additions made to the OM, makes it possible to obtain a PCS of at least 3500 to be burned in a boiler device adapted for the purpose of producing of energy or district heating <U> description of the process: </ U> It consists in the mixing of a dosage of the products to be treated with a quantity of 5 to 50% (of the weight of these products) of oxide calcium; this dosage being determined according to the acidity of the soil of destination.

within this mixture, an exothermic reaction occurs which makes it possible to obtain dehydration by means of calcium oxide, either in the form of aggregates or rocks, in the proportions defined above, comprising a percentage greater than 5 rb of grains smaller than 10 mm and up to 200 mm. - The mixture generates a rise in temperature caused by the contact of anhydrous lime with the moisture of excrements, effluents or organic waste of food or industrial origin.

in order to facilitate the exothermic reaction which makes it possible to obtain a flameless combustion at a temperature of less than 300, liquid manure, semi-liquid liquid manure or liquid organic pollutants or liquid organic pollutants are incorporated in dry manure, or semi-liquids.

It is. likewise for the. manufacture of fertilizers from urban waste, household waste, to which may be added organic products from animal manure or livestock effluents, in proportions of up to 30% of the mixture, with the aim of increasing the fertilizing qualities obtained.

 The same principle is adopted for the manufacture of substitute fuel from household waste, sewage plant grease and / or <B> from </ b> oil scum or any compounds likely to provide an energy supplement. .. The resulting mixture is a substitute fuel with a PCI greater than 3500, stoekable and transportable.

<U> The </ U> process <U> can </ U> be done <U> for the </ U> manufacturing <U> of </ U> - with a mechanical mixer that performs the operations of incorporation of the dry and wet excrements with the calcium oxide, to obtain a homogenisation of the materials.

- On leaving the mixer these materials are discharged on a treadmill (grasshopper type) allowing the formation of a windrow.

-with a nebulization of product neutralizing smells of amoniacs and other malodorous compounds - at the end of a period of less than 8 hours, animal manure, effluent or organic waste of industrial and food origin combined are dehydrated and reduced to a pulverulent material, they are screened to obtain the. desired particle size and the. matter can to. this stage is corked to form a pellet suitable for agricultural use, storable material and transportable with a significant reduction of odor nuisance.

<U> For the treatment of municipal waste OM - to the previous description must be added upstream selective collection, sorting of bulky and a primary grinding phase with deferraillage for ferrous metals and evacuation of non-ferrous by current <B> of </ B> Foucault.

It is necessary to add downstream after obtaining the dehydration through the action of the calcium oxide, a secondary grinding defining the desired particle size. - the plastics that can remain after the treatment are screened and the "undesirable" which are ener- ged, can be landfilled without risk of leaching. Description <U> of the </ U> constituent average elements <U> of </ U> fertilizers <U> obtained according to the </ U> mixtures <U> animal manure, </ U> effluent <U> of farms, </ U> urban waste and </ U> <U> recommendation for use </ U> The fertilizer obtained has a solids content of about 85 and a mineral content of about 25% . Organic input is interesting for this type of product with a fairly high C / N.

 The effect. calcium is. very interesting.; spreading of _5 to. 6 tons I ha will bring the equivalent of 4 to 5 years of liming maintenance. It must therefore be used in acid soils or those with a tendency to acidification, for example, most silts in the Paris Basin.

The phosphoric acid input is important, the fertilizer equivalent is about 65% of the total P205. A contribution of 6 tonnes / ha is therefore equivalent to about 80 units P205 / ha or one year of maintenance fertilization for virtually any crop.

The contribution of potash is also important with a coef fi cient equivalent fertilizer of 100%. A contribution of 6 tons / ha represents about 85 K20 units / ha, ie almost two years of maintenance for a buried straw cereal, a rapeseed or a sunflower, however it represents only less than half of the annual maintenance for one year. beet or potato.

The contribution in magnesia is not negligible with a coefficient equivalent-fertilizer of 100 lo. In soils scarcely filled with magnesia, this is a plus. A contribution of 6 tonnes / ha is equivalent to approximately 30 MgO / ha units, ie two years of maintenance for a seed crop and one year for a beet or a potato. Nitrogen input is very important and within a limit of 6 tonnes / ha, the equivalent of 90 N / 1a units, it being specified that the release of nitrogen for the culture at. coming is subject to. uncontrollable variations presenting. a risk of over or under nitrogen fertilization and requires this limitation.

Observations show that ammonia nitrogen accounts for less than 1% of total nitrogen. The product is therefore stabilized and can be spread unlike slurry, at times offset from those of significant nitrogen crop requirements, subject to regulation. An autumn contribution for example for a rapeseed appears interesting.

This organomineral product has a very good agronomic interest and its best valorization will be found in non-calcareous soils, in front of any type of crop, excluding flax, preferably for beetroot, potatoes, maize and rapeseed. dry matter promotes homogeneous spreading provided that adequate equipment is available. Pre-burial in a superficial manner is preferable.

Claims (7)

1) Process for the recovery and stabilization of animal waste, urban, industrial including the food and oil industry, characterized in that it consists in incorporating in this waste of calcium oxide in a proportion of 5 to <B> 100% </ B>, to mix and homogenize the materials to generate an exothermic reaction and to solidify the mixture powder form soils by adding 0.3 mm calcium oxide grains to 0.5 mm 2) Process according to claim 1 characterized in that the temperature is maintained at a value less than 300 to obtain a combustion without flame. 3) Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exothermic reaction is carried out by swathing mixed materials for a period of at least eight hours. 4) Process according to claim 3 characterized in that the malodorous compounds are deodorized by nebulation of ut) neutralizing product 5) Method according rune any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the waste and the calcium oxide reagent are homogenized in a mixer, are directed at the output of the mixer to a steerable treadmill type grasshopper or slide, to form a swath where the exothermic reaction takes place, the windrow being sprayed with a product neutralizing the smells of ammonia or other malodorous compound. 6) Use of the method according to any one of the preceding claims for the production of stabilized fertilizer, animal waste consisting of droppings and effluents from farms, the percentage of calcium oxide being chosen according to the PH of soil and to obtain biological sanitation. 7) Use of the process according to any one of the preceding claims for the production of substitute fuel, industrial waste containing oil sludge, sludge, grease from wastewater treatment plants, petroleum waste, this fuel having a calorific value sufficient to be used in a boiler generating energy.