FR2782355A1 - Friction clutch for minimising fuel consumption of motor vehicle, comprises high inertia bell shaped flywheel which carries rotor of electrical machine and friction clutch with torque damper - Google Patents

Abstract

A driving crankshaft (11) is fixed to a bell shaped high inertia flywheel (13) which carries the rotor (6) of an electrical machine (2) and is coupled to a driven shaft (12) through a friction clutch (20,37) and torque damper (20a). The electrical machine (2) has a fixed stator (5) and may operate as an alternator or starter motor. The torque damper has two guidance rings (29,30) and a buckle (34)

Description

The invention relates to a clutch device with

  friction fitted with a rotary drive wheel.

  The object of the invention is more particularly, in a motor vehicle, to allow the automatic stopping and restarting of the internal combustion engine, when the vehicle is stopped for a short time - vehicle waiting at a

  red light for example - in order to save fuel.

  Such a clutch device is known from the document

FR-A-2 604 229.

  In this, the clutch device essentially consists of a conventional friction clutch and an electromagnetically coupled auxiliary clutch, arranged between an element rotatably attached to the reaction plate of the friction clutch and a flywheel. flywheel mounted rotating coaxially to the drive shaft, by means of a ball bearing mounted on an axial spacer interposed between the crankshaft

  of the vehicle engine and the reaction plate.

  Referring to Figure 1 of this document, we see that the electric motor driving the flywheel is radially distant from the friction clutch which increases

radial bulk.

  In addition, the electromagnetic clutch uses a plate integral in rotation with the reaction plate while

  being axially movable relative thereto.

  The present invention therefore aims to reduce the radial size of the clutch device while eliminating the presence of an electromagnetic clutch

to plate.

  According to the invention, a clutch device mentioned above, comprising on the one hand, a drive wheel having a front end for its attachment to a driving shaft, constituted by the output shaft of a combustion engine internal of a motor vehicle comprising an engine block, and a rear end in the form of a hollow reaction plate with a central recess delimited externally by a friction face, and on the other hand, a friction disc comprising at least one friction lining for contact with the friction face of the reaction plate, said lining being secured to a support coupled to a central hub intended to be secured in rotation to a driven shaft constituted by the input shaft of a box transmission transmission comprising a clutch bell at least partially surrounding the reaction plate and characterized in that the drive wheel carries between its front and rear ends re the rotor of a rotary electric machine comprising a fixed stator coaxial with the rotor and in that the stator is carried internally by a spacer intended to be secured to

  at least one of the engine block - clutch housing elements.

  Thanks to the invention, the radial size of the electrical machine - friction clutch assembly is reduced since the electrical machine is adjacent to the reaction plate and is

  partially carried by the drive wheel.

  Thanks to the invention, the electric machine is adjacent to the engine block while the reaction plate and the rest of the clutch are housed in the usual manner inside the clutch housing. This arrangement makes it possible to modify the engine block and the clutch housing of a conventional motor vehicle as little as possible while having a reduced radial size because the electric machine is offset axially with respect to the friction disc. The rest of

  the clutch, in particular the clutch mechanism, remains unchanged.

  The input shaft of the gearbox can be

  unchanged from that of a conventional vehicle.

  Alternatively, you can lengthen this tree to center it

  through the crankshaft.

  Thanks to the invention, the drive wheel carries the rotor of an electric machine, which makes it possible to dispense with the presence of an electromagnetic plate clutch and the axial dimensions are reduced, in particular due to the absence of a

drive belt.

  The electric machine is shaped to form a starter

  for the internal combustion engine and an alternator.

  The flywheel, known as the flywheel, has very high inertia. You can shut down the internal combustion engine, or heat engine, of the vehicle at a red light, for example. The steering wheel, and therefore the heat engine can be restarted easily and quickly by the electric machine then playing the role of a starter. We can thus save

  fuel. The electric machine therefore forms an alterna-

  starter. It also makes it possible to filter vibrations and avoid stalling the heat engine by operating as

than electric motor.

  For more precision on such a machine, we

refer to document WO 98/05882.

  In one embodiment, the support of the friction lining is coupled elastically to the hub by means of a torsion damper which comprises a first guide washer integral with the support and a

second guide washer.

  A web linked in rotation, possibly after taking up a clearance is interposed between the two guide washers. The second guide washer is located in the recess

center of the reaction plate.

  The support can be distinct from the first guide washer by being integral with the latter for example by columns connecting together the two guide washers so that the support is attached to the first guide washer. Alternatively, the support is in one piece with the

first guide washer.

  In one embodiment, the torsional damper enters the central recess of the reaction plate to

reduction of axial dimensions.

  In one embodiment, the clutch release device is of the concentric type to reduce the axial space between the clutch and the bottom of a surrounding bell

the friction clutch.

  Advantageously, additional bearing means are interposed between the flywheel and a load-bearing part secured to the spacer carrying the stator in a fixed manner. This results in the possibility of guaranteeing a precise air gap and

small between the stator and the rotor.

  These bearing means can consist of a plain bearing or a ball bearing with at least one row of balls. This ball bearing can be instrumented to measure in particular the speed of rotation of the drive flywheel and therefore of the crankshaft. This load-bearing part partially envelops the stator and the rotor and therefore advantageously forms a shield preventing any pollution in the electric machine. This piece is one

  holding or is attached in one piece to the spacer.

  The drive wheel can be monobloc with the plate

  for cost reasons.

  Alternatively, the drive wheel is made of several parts or parts and comprises, in addition to the reaction plate, a tube or a base or a shaft for its attachment to the driving shaft. So the two parts of the steering wheel can be two

  different materials to adjust the flywheel inertia.

  In addition, the flywheel can easily be dynamically balanced, for example by removing material at the periphery

external of the reaction plate.

  In addition, the dust generated by the friction of at least one of the friction linings that the friction clutch device comprises, does not risk polluting the electric machine since it is located at the front of the reaction plate . Preferably the reaction plate has a skirt at its outer periphery on which the cover of a

friction clutch.

  Thanks to this arrangement, no dust from the friction linings will contaminate the electric machine. This result can also be obtained with the supporting part when the latter is adjacent to the reaction plate.

  and partially envelops the rotor and the stator.

  This part constitutes a heat shield thus sparing the

electric machine.

  It will be appreciated that the location of the second guide washer, generally of the friction damper, in the recess of the reaction plate displaces the center of gravity of the assembly constituted by the electric machine and the clutch. friction towards the driving shaft and therefore towards the electric machine. Thanks to this arrangement, bearing means can be mounted on the drive wheel and carry the stator of the machine by means of a load-bearing part. Thus, these bearing means will be close to the center of gravity of the assembly and therefore provided. Balancing of the assembly can be easily carried out by adding or removing material on the reaction plate very close to the center

of gravity.

  It will be appreciated that the torsional damper can have the desired configuration to dampen vibrations. It can be thicker and include, in addition to the web and the two guide washers, auxiliary webs to increase the angular clearance between the hub and the lining (s).

friction.

  The friction clutch can reach high temperatures in service, so that cooling means must be provided to spare the clutch device.

  friction as a whole and thus increase its service life.

  Advantageously, the flywheel carries means for cooling the electric machine such as fins

  carried by the reaction plate.

  In another embodiment, cooling means are provided for cooling the stator of the electric machine in order to improve the service life and the performance thereof. We can thus directly cool the

  stator using holes made in it.

  Advantageously, the bores are produced in a monobloc spacer-stator assembly which allows the

mechanical resistance of the stator.

  Thus, as a variant, the spacer is in one piece with the stator and the assembly constituted by two series of packets of

  sheets, one of which forms a spacer.

  Alternatively, the stator can be cooled by

of external spacer.

  Of course, these various cooling means can be combined with one another, for example, a cooling fluid in one embodiment, passes through holes made in the sheets of the stator to enter a cooling chamber arranged in the thickness of the spacer in

  combination with fins carried by the flywheel.

  Means for emptying the cooling chamber of the spacer are located at the low point thereof. Preferably, said draining means are located at the lowest point of said chamber, thus allowing the complete cooling circuit of the combustion engine to be drained.

internal vehicle.

  In one embodiment, the carrier part of the stator has recesses into which protrusions of the

  engine block to reduce bulk.

  The spacer, especially when it is made up of two series of metal sheets, allows the electric machine to be cooled by carrying an inlet and outlet duct allowing air circulation inside the machine

  between the inlet and outlet conduit.

  One of the conduits can be fitted with an electric motor - turbine wheel assembly allowing forced circulation

of air.

  The spacer does not need to be centered relative to the engine block when this spacer is integral with a load-bearing part serving to support the abovementioned bearing means. In this case, the clutch housing is centered by the spacer, for example, by means of a through centering ring

  the spacer and carried by the engine block.

  We see that it is possible to cool the electric machine without touching the clutch housing or the engine block, especially when the spacer carries an inlet duct

and exit.

  The drive wheel also makes it possible to add material easily and therefore to balance the unbalance of the crankshaft,

  especially when the engine is three-cylinder.

  The spacer therefore makes it possible to perform a large number of additional functions. The axial size can also be reduced by providing the friction clutch with a

wear adjustment mechanism.

  The description which follows illustrates the invention with regard to

  of the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of an assembly

  electric friction clutch machine according to the invention.

  - Figures 2 and 3 are views similar to Figure 1

  for 2 other examples of implementation.

  - Figures 4 to 6 are views similar to Figure 1 without the central part of the friction disc for a fourth, fifth and sixth example respectively

of achievement.

  - Figure 7 is a partial view of a device

stator cooling.

  - Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 7 in a

another example of realization.

  - Figure 9 is an axial sectional view of a flywheel similar to that of Figure 1 equipped with a removable plate

mounting.

  - Figure 10 is a half schematic view of the device

  concentric type clutch release with force sensor.

  - Figure 11 is a view of the characteristic curve of

  diaphragm brought back to the release bearing.

  - Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 6 in a

another example of realization.

  - Figure 13 is a sectional view similar to Figure 1, along the line C-C of Figure 14 for yet another example

of achievement.

  - Figure 14 is a sectional view along line A-A of the

figure 13.

  - Figure 15 is a sectional view along line B-B of the

figure 14.

  - Figures 16 and 17 are views similar to Figure 1

  for two more examples of implementation.

  - Figure 18 is a perspective view of the electrical machine - clutch assembly without the rotor and the stator of the

electric machine.

  - Figure 19 is a perspective view of the steering wheel alone

Figure 18.

  - Figure 20 is a perspective view, cutaway

  showing the clutch mechanism in Figure 17.

  - Figure 21 is a perspective view of a one-piece spacer with the stator sheets for yet another embodiment. - Figure 22 is a view along arrow 22 of the figure

23 of the support flange alone.

  - Figure 23 is a view similar to Figure 1 for

  yet another exemplary embodiment.

  FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a single flywheel of the electrical machine - friction clutch assembly and

  equipped with an encoder wheel forming a target for detection means.

  - Figure 25 is a perspective view of the steering wheel of the

  figure 24 fitted with its spacer.

  - Figure 26 is a view similar to Figure 1 with fixing screws between leather and flesh for fixing the stator

and the rotor.

  - Figure 27 is a view similar to Figure 1 with

  air inlets and outlets for ventilation.

  - Figure 28 is a view similar to Figure 27 in a

another embodiment.

  - Figure 29 is a view similar to Figure 27 in

  yet another embodiment.

  - Figures 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33 are views in

  perspective of the air inlet and outlet ducts.

  - Figure 34 is a sectional view along line A-A of the

  Figure 13 in another embodiment.

  - Figure 35 is a view similar to Figure 27 in

  yet another embodiment.

  - Figure 36 is a view similar to Figure 34 in

  yet another embodiment.

  - Figure 37 is a view similar to Figure 23 in

  yet another embodiment.

  - Figure 38 is a sectional view of a method of fixing

the spacer.

  In the figures, the common elements will be assigned

same reference numbers.

  In these figures, a cutout assembly 1 is shown and

  starting an internal combustion engine.

  This assembly 1 comprises a rotary electrical machine 2 and a friction clutch 3 comprising a reaction plate 4 of moldable material, here cast iron. Alternatively, the reaction plate is made of moldable material based on aluminum and has a coating to cooperate with

  a friction lining 16 described below.

  The electric machine 2 comprises a stator 5 and a rotor 6 mounted coaxially, and radially one above the other with the formation of a gap 7 between the stator 5 and the

rotor 6.

  In the figures, the stator 5 surrounds the rotor 6, but of course, as a variant, the rotor 6 can surround the stator 5 provided with windings of electric wires of which we see at 8 the

ends called updos.

  The rotor 6 and the stator 5 each have a packet of

  sheets 9 and 10 respectively, here in soft iron.

  In addition, the rotor 6 is provided with a squirrel cage 60 of copper or aluminum so that the electric machine is of the

asynchronous type.

  The sheets are annular in shape and are, for example, isolated by oxidation in contact with each other. In

  alternatively, insulators separate the sheets from each other.

  Sheet packs 9 and 10 form a crown

axial orientation.

  In known manner, the sheets of the stator 5 have

  notches for the passage of the aforementioned windings or coils.

  These windings are connected via a connector 63 to a block or electronic control and power unit controlled by a computer receiving information from sensors measuring in particular the rotational speeds of a driving shaft 11, constituted by the output shaft, said crankshaft, an internal combustion engine and a driven shaft 12 forming the input shaft of a movement transmission box, as well as a displacement sensor, measuring for example the

  displacement of the clutch bearing described below.

  The assembly 1 is interposed between the trees 11 and 12.

  The clutch 3 constitutes a cut-off and starting member. When the clutch is engaged (engaged), the torque

  motor is transmitted from the driving shaft 11 to the driven shaft 12.

  When the clutch is disengaged (disengaged), a cut occurs so that the driven shaft 12 is no longer driven by the driving shaft 11. The reaction plate 4 constitutes the rear end of a flywheel d drive 13 of annular shape, having at the front, a front face fixed on

the end of the driving shaft 11.

  According to one characteristic, the flywheel 13, usually called flywheel, carries the rotor 6 of the machine

  electric 2 between its front and rear ends.

  The flywheel assembly 13 - rotor 6 - clutch 3 constitutes a friction clutch device; the flywheel 13 constituting the clutch input element 3 and the rotor support 6 of

the electric machine 2.

  The electric machine 2 here makes it possible to start the internal combustion engine. For this, a controlled electric current is passed through the stator winding with a frequency and intensity determined by an electronic control by the computer receiving information on the starting condition of the vehicle. In this case, the electric machine 2

  turns faster than a conventional starter.

  The electric machine 2 also constitutes an alternator when the internal combustion engine is running. This machine here of the asynchronous type forming an electric motor. It can be of any type, namely for example, with radial or axial flux, asynchronous, synchronous with magnets in the air gap or buried, with flux switching with single or hybrid magnets - de-energization by stator winding - with brushless claws , variable reluctance, single and double excitation, cross flow with Vernier effect. The machine filters the vibrations generated by said internal combustion engine. It accelerates the engine and prevents it from stalling. It makes it possible to brake the engine and deliver a

  higher power than conventional alternators.

  The electric machine 2 also makes it possible to facilitate the speed change by synchronization of the shafts 11 and 12,

  the machine braking or accelerating the shaft 11.

  According to another characteristic, the machine 2 makes it possible to stop the internal combustion engine at red light and then restart it while saving fuel because of the great inertia of the flywheel 13 equipped with the rotor 6. For example, the neutral point being engaged and ignition key in the rolling vehicle position, the engine is shut off after two seconds and returned to

  on the way as soon as we change gears.

  For more precision on such a machine, we

refer to document WO 98/05882.

  Thus, in FIG. 1, we see at 40, a toothed ring arranged at the outer periphery of the reaction plate 4 and associated with a radial sensor, not visible in all the figures, in particular for picking up the speed of rotation of the electric machine 2. Here, in the case of an application for a motor vehicle, the driving shaft 11 is the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle, while the driven shaft 12 is the input shaft of the gearbox integral with a clutch housing 14, also called the clutch housing, forming a fixed housing. The input shaft 12 crosses the bottom of the bell 14 surrounding most of the clutch 3 rotatably mounted around an axis XX aligned with that of the shafts 11 and 12. The rotor 6 is thicker than the reaction plate 4 forming with the flywheel 13 the input element of the clutch to

  friction, and therefore the friction clutch device.

  The output element of this clutch is constituted by at least one central hub 15 internally fluted for its rotational connection with the driven shaft 12 externally fluted to take place at its end. The hub 15 is rigidly or resiliently coupled with at least one friction lining 16 intended to be clamped between the reaction plate 4 and a pressure plate 17 under the action of clutch means 18 with axial action acting on the plate. pressure 17 and bearing on a cover 19 integral with the reaction plate 4,

here by screwing.

  The friction lining 16 and the hub 15 belong respectively to the external periphery and to the internal periphery of a friction disc 20 comprising at least one support 21 carrying the friction lining 16 and coupled to the hub 15. The support 21 can be embedded in the lining 16. Preferably, two friction linings 16 are provided by being fixed on either side of the support 21 axially elastic at the linings 16 for progressive tightening of the linings 16 between the plates 4, 17 and creating a

  assistance when disengaging the clutch.

  Such a support is described for example in the document FR-A-

  2,693,778. The fittings 16 can therefore be fixed by riveting; alternatively, the linings are fixed by gluing to the central bearing area of a tripod blade, which makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the friction linings and therefore

axial dimensions.

  This also makes it possible to reduce the inertia of the disc 20 and

to wear more the linings 16.

  The friction faces of or linings 16 are therefore normally clamped between the plates 4, 17 so that the clutch is normally engaged. To disengage the clutch, it is therefore necessary to provide declutching means 22 to at will counteract the action of the clutch means 18 in order to release the friction lining (s) 16 and disengage the clutch. These declutching means 22 are controlled by a declutching stop 23 acting in thrust or by pulling on the internal end of the declutching means 22. The stop belongs to a device for

clutch 24.

  The friction clutch 3 therefore comprises a reaction plate 4, possibly in 2 parts for the formation of a damper flywheel or a flexible flywheel, which is locked in rotation on the crankshaft 11 and which supports at its external periphery, here by screws, a cover 19 to which is attached, with axial mobility, at least one pressure plate 17; several plates 17 and several friction discs 20 which can be provided as visible for example in FIG. 4 of

document FR A 1 280 746.

  The pressure plate 17 is integral in rotation with the cover 19 and therefore with the reaction plate 4, while being able to move relative to the latter by means of axially elastic tongues 25, here tangential, better visible in the document FR In 1 280 746 and in FIG. 18. Engaging means 18 act between the bottom of the cover 19, here of hollow shape, and the pressure plate 17. These engagement means are supported on the bottom of the cover 19 and on a non-boss referenced from the pressure plate to tighten

  the friction linings 16 between the plates 4 and 17.

  The declutching means 22 can consist of declutching levers associated with helical springs as described in document FR A 1 280 746. Alternatively, it may be two Belleville washers mounted in series and subjected to the action of

  declutching levers forming the declutching means.

  In the figures shown, the engaging means 18 and declutching means 22 belong to the same annular part called diaphragm, having an annular peripheral part 18 forming Belleville washer extended by a central part fragmented into radial fingers 22 by blind slots, not visible in the figures, the bottoms of which form enlarged orifices at the internal periphery of the washer

Belleville 18 of the diaphragm.

  In the figures, the diaphragm 18, 22, is pivotally mounted on the internal periphery of its Belleville washer 18 by means of a primary support 26 carried by the bottom of the cover 19 and a secondary support 27 carried by assembly means 28 passing through the enlarged orifices of the diaphragm. Here the primary support 26 is formed by stamping the bottom of the cover while the secondary support 27 belongs to a ring ring carried by lugs 28 passing through the enlarged orifices of the diaphragm 18, 22 and forming the aforementioned assembly means, as described in document FR A 2 585 424 to which we

see for more details.

  As a variant, the assembly means may include tabs or columns as described in FIGS. 7 to 15

of document FR A 2 456 877.

  Thus, in the engaged clutch position, the diaphragm bears on the primary support 26 and on the boss, which the pressure plate 17 dorsally presents. To disengage the clutch, action is taken using the clutch stop 23, in the figures shown by pushing, on the internal ends of the fingers of the diaphragm to rotate the latter, which then bears on the secondary support 27 formed at the

  outer periphery of the rush crown.

  During this operation, the load exerted by the diaphragm 18, 22 on the pressure plate 17 decreases, then vanishes, the tongues 25 exerting a return action of the plate in the direction of the bottom of the cover 19 of hollow form in order to

  release the friction linings 16.

  In these figures, the outer periphery of the washer

  Belleville 18 is supported on the boss of the pressure plate.

  As a variant, the structures are reversed so that the external periphery of the Belleville washer 18 is supported on the cover 19, while the internal periphery of the Belleville washer 18 is supported on the boss of the pressure plate 17, as visible for example in document FR-A 2 606 477, the clutch then being of the pulled type, the stop 23 then acting

  by pulling the clutch to disengage it.

  In light of this last document, it can be seen that the clutch 3 can be equipped with a wear take-up device to compensate for the wear of the friction linings 16. The pressure plate 17, thanks to the tongues 25, forms in a unitary way

  a sub-assembly with the cover 19 and the diaphragm 18, 22.

  This sub-assembly is called the clutch mechanism and is intended to be fixed here by screwing onto the reaction plate 4 as visible in the figures; the cover 19 generally having the shape of a hollow dish with an external radial rim of

  fixing to plate 4 and a bottom with central hole.

  The friction disc 20 is in the figures of the elastic type, that is to say that the support 21 is coupled elastically to the hub 15 by means of a torsion damper 20a here with elastic members 35, 36 with action circumferential in the form of coil springs. More specifically, the support 21 is attached to a first guide washer 29 integral with a second guide washer 30 by small posts 31. These small posts 31 are also used here for fixing the support 21 in the form of a disc, for example of the type of that described in document FR-A 2 693 778. The balusters 31 pass axially through openings 32 formed in a web 34. The first 29 and the second guide washer 30 are arranged on either side of the web 34 integral in rotation of the hub 15, here after taking up an angular play. This angular play is determined by means of engagement with play occurring between the periphery of the internal web 34 and the external periphery of the hub 15, teeth of the web 34 penetrating

  to clearance in the notches of the hub 15 and vice versa.

  The springs 35, with circumferential action are mounted in non-referenced windows made opposite in the web 34 and the two guide washers 29, 30. Springs 36, of lower stiffness than the springs 35, elastically couple the web 34 to the hub 15 as described in document FR-A 2 726 618 to which reference will be made for more details. This document also describes the elastic means with axial action and the friction means intervening between the

  first guide washer 29 and the web 34.

  Between the web 34 and the second guide washer 30, there is a bearing intervening between the hub 15 and the second guide washer 30, said bearing being integral in rotation with the web 34 and serving as a housing for the spring 36. Of course, the disc 20 can have another shape, for example that described in FIGS. 1 to 4 of the document FR-A2693778. The

  web 34 may be integral with hub 15.

  As is evident from the description, the

  reaction plate 4 dorsally has a friction face 37 for contact with the lining 16 adjacent to the friction disc 20. The friction linings 16 are intended to be clamped between this friction face 37 and that which faces the plate pressure 17 This friction face 37 internally delimits a central recess 39 so that the flywheel 13 is centrally hollow. According to one characteristic, the second guide washer 30 penetrates inside this recess 39, radially below the face 37, to reduce the axial size. Thus, the second guide washer 30 is further from the pressure plate 17 and the cover 19 than is the first guide washer 29. This washer 30 is located in the recess 39. The friction disc 20 therefore has at its outer periphery at least one friction lining 16 secured to a support 21 elastically coupled by a torsion damper a to a central hub 15. The damper 20a enters the recess 39 delimited externally by the friction face 37. In the embodiment of Figure 1, the declutching device 24 comprises a declutching fork 50 pivotally mounted on the bottom of the bell 14 using a ball joint 51 integral with the bell 14. The end upper fork is shaped to receive the end of a cable connected to the clutch pedal. The control of the clutch release bearing 23 is thus of the manual type, this clutch release bearing 23 comprising, in known manner, a ball bearing one of the rings of which is rotating and is shaped for local contact with the internal ends of the fingers 22 of the diaphragm 18, 22. The other ring of the bearing is fixed and bears against the flange that has a sleeve 53 subjected to

  the action of the internal fingers of the declutching fork 50.

* The sleeve 53 slides along a guide tube 52 secured to the bell 14. The guide tube 52 is crossed by the shaft 12 engaging the hub 15. In this figure we see the different inclinations of the fork 50 during the declutching operation, the visible diaphragm 18, 22 being generally flat in the engaged clutch position. In the upper part of FIG. 1, the clutch is engaged, while in the lower part, the clutch is disengaged. Here, the inner ring of the bearing of the stop 23 is rotating while the outer ring of said bearing is fixed and has a radial flange in contact with the transverse flange of the sleeve 53 under the action of an elastic washer with axial action urging the rim of the outer ring in contact with said flange. The stop can thus move radially relative to the flange and is of the self-centering type, a radial clearance existing between the flange

  radial of the outer ring and the sleeve 53.

  Thanks to the invention, the stop 23 can come as close as possible to the first guide washer 29, which makes it possible to reduce the axial size. The recess 39 in FIG. 1 is internally stepped in the form of a staircase. Thus, this recess is delimited externally by a first annular portion of axial orientation 38 connecting at the rear to the friction face 37 and

  at the front with an annular shoulder of radial orientation 41.

  A second annular portion of axial orientation 42 is connected at the rear to said shoulder 41 and at the front to the transverse rear face of a fixing sleeve 43 whose internal periphery is in intimate contact with the external periphery of the crankshaft 11. The second portion 42 therefore has a diameter smaller than that of the first portion 38. The flywheel 13 is in one piece and therefore has at the front at its internal periphery the socket 43 provided with holes 44 for the passage of fixing screws 45 from the flywheel 13 to the crankshaft 11. The front face of the sleeve 43 is in contact with the crankshaft 11. The end

  front of the steering wheel 13 is therefore intended to be fixed to the shaft 11.

  The screws 45 are housed inside the second portion 42. Radially above the fixing sleeve 43, the flywheel 13 is thickened to form a sleeve 46 of axial orientation. This sleeve is delimited internally by the portion 42 and the sleeve 43 and externally by a cylindrical surface 47 used for mounting the sheet metal package 9 of the rotor 6. Thus the reaction plate 4 extends in radial projection relative to the internal periphery rotor 6 and is offset

axially with respect to the rotor 6.

  The sleeve 43 - sleeve 46 assembly has a square shape in section, the sleeve 43 extending radially towards the axis X-X and constituting the centrally delimited hole bottom

obviously 39.

  The mounting surface 47 is delimited at the rear by a shoulder 48. Radially, beyond the sleeve 46, the drive wheel 13 is extended by the reaction plate 4 provided at its periphery with the ring gear 40. This plate of reaction 4 is of decreasing thickness from its internal periphery to its external periphery so that an axial clearance exists between the squirrel cage 60 and the reaction plate 4 as well as between the buns 8 and the plate reaction 4. The decreasing thickness of the reaction plate 4 is determined to avoid any interference with the rotor 5 and the stator 6. The plate 4 is therefore provided with a clearance notch for the buns 8. The package of sheets 9 of the rotor 6 is mounted by hooping on the mounting surface 47 of axial orientation until it comes into abutment against the shoulder 48. Thus the sheet packet 9 is heated which is subsequently cooled for fixing on

the scope 47.

  As a variant, the sheet package 9 is fixed by a device

  grooving and keys on the bearing 47.

  As a variant, the fixing of the sheet pack 9 is produced by grooves intervening between the sheet pack 9 and the

scope 47.

  As a variant, the sheet pack is welded to the surface 47.

  Alternatively, the sheet pack 9 is fixed by means of screws passing through the sheet pack 9 and the shoulder 48 to be screwed into the reaction plate 4, the screw heads bearing on a fixing ring in contact with

  the front end of the front sheet package.

  As a variant, the sleeve 46 has at its outer periphery a frustoconical bearing while the sheet pack 9 has at its inner periphery a complementary bearing. Fixation

  of the sheet metal package 9 therefore takes place by conical fitting.

  As a variant, the package of sheets 9 is mounted on the bearing surface 47 and is in contact at one of its ends with the shoulder 48. At its other end, this package is fixed by screws mounted between leather and flesh (FIG. 26 ) between litter 47 and

  inner periphery of the sheet metal package 9.

  In all cases, the rotor 6 is integral, both axially and in rotation, with the flywheel 13 in one piece in FIG. 1; said flywheel 13 being obtained by molding here of cast iron so

  that this flywheel 13 with its rotor 6 has great inertia.

  In addition, an angular indexing of the rotor 6 can be carried out by

steering wheel ratio 13.

  The rear end of the steering wheel 13 is formed by the

  reaction plate 4 delimited by the friction face 37.

  The stator 5 is fixed in a similar manner to the rotor 6 on a spacer 61. For example the external periphery of the rotor 5 is fixed on the internal periphery of the spacer 61 by hooping as a variant by means of grooves, in variant by welding, in variant by screws mounted between leather and flesh in the same way as the sheet metal package 9, etc ... and this in an angular indexed manner. For more details on the screw mounting between leather and flesh, refer to Figure 26 o on

see in 160 and 161 the screws.

  The spacer 61 has an annular shape and is notched for

  passage of the connector 63 connected to the ends of the windings.

  Another connection device coming from the aforementioned control device, also forming a power device, is connected to the connector 63, better visible in FIG. 25, for

  supply the rotor windings 5.

  The spacer 61 is interposed between the free end of the bell 14 and the engine block 62. The bell 14 has at its free end a radial flange for bearing the heads of the fixing screws 64 passing through the spacer 61 to be fixed on the block

motor 62.

  Spacer 61 has cooling fins

  best visible at 183 in Figures 21 and 22.

  Note that in Figure 1 the second guide washer is housed in the space defined by the section 38 and the shoulder 41, only the inner end of the second guide washer 30 penetrates a little deeper interior of

the stepped recess 39.

  Of course, as a variant as shown in FIG. 2, the drive wheel 13 is in several parts or parts, namely, a reaction plate 4 of hollow shape and an annular spacer 130, 131, 46 generally in shaped section of U. This spacer is interposed between the plate 4 and the

  crankshaft 11 while being centered by said crankshaft.

  The spacer 130, 131, 46 centers at its rear end the reaction plate 4. To do this, the spacer is hollowed out at the rear. The first branch of the U, namely the inner or lower branch closest to the axis XX, is generally a form of internal tube 131 provided with holes for the passage of a first series of fixing screws 145, the heads of which are supported on the reaction plate and the body of which passes through the reaction plate 4 and the internal tube 131 to be screwed into

the crankshaft.

  The internal tube 131 has a second series of holes with a smaller diameter than that of the first series of holes for screwing a second series of screws 245 fixing the plate.

reaction 4 at the spacer 130.

  The outer branch 46 or upper of the spacer 130, 131, 46 is constituted by the sleeve 46 used for mounting the

  rotor 6 in the same way as in FIG. 1.

  The sleeve is therefore delimited by a shoulder 248 which here faces the reaction plate 4. The bottom 130 of the U of the spacer 130, 131, 46 extends generally transversely and connects the two branches 46, 131 of form

annular and axial orientation.

  The spacer 130, 131, 46 has an upper rotor support branch and a lower fixing branch

  constituting the spacer itself.

  The inner tube 131 carries at its outer periphery bearing means 132. These bearing means consist for example of a ball bearing in a row of balls in a variant with two

rows of balls.

  As a variant, the bearing means 132 comprise two

ball bearings.

  The internal ring of the ball bearing (s) is therefore fitted onto the internal periphery of the internal tube 131 while the external ring of the ball bearing (s) 132 is fitted inside an annular skirt 133 belonging to the periphery of a support piece 134 carrying at its outer periphery the spacer 61 on which the stator 5 of the

  electric machine 2 in the same way as in FIG. 1.

  The support piece 134 generally follows the shape of the reaction plate 4 by being at a distance from it adjacent to it. This piece has a tortuous shape because of the

presence of buns 8.

  The skirt 133, of axial orientation, enters the cavity

  delimited by the branches 46, 131 of the spacer 130, 131, 46.

  The supporting part 134 is in one piece with the skirt 133

  and the spacer 131 having come from molding with the latter.

  This part 134 is for example based on aluminum. So is

even from the spacer 130, 131, 46.

  The supporting part 134 partially envelops the stator 6 and the rotor 5 and therefore forms a mask in the form of a shield avoiding any pollution of the electric machine 2. The part 134 is here

  in one piece with the spacer 61.

  The reaction plate 4 is made of cast iron as in FIG. 1.

  Thus, it is possible to modify the inertia of the drive wheel as the spacer 130, 131, 46 is lighter than a cast iron part. Of course, if desired, this spacer can be made of cast iron. The reaction plate has, as in FIG. 1, a friction face 37 delimited internally by a

  first annular portion of axial orientation 38.

  The reaction plate 4 has at its internal periphery a ring 140 generally of axial orientation connected by an internally inclined portion of frustoconical shape 142 to the reaction plate 4 proper. The series of screws 145, 245 have heads bearing on the ring 140. Thanks to the frustoconical portion 142, the second guide washer 30 of the torsion damper 20a can be housed inside the central recess of the reaction plate 4 delimited by

  the ring 140 and the portions 142, 38.

  Thanks to the inclined portion 142, interference is avoided

  between the friction disc 20 and the heads of the screws 145, 245.

  It will be appreciated that with respect to FIG. 1, there is a precise and small air gap 7 thanks to the bearing means 132 and to

the supporting part 134.

  Thus, the air gap between the rotor and the stator remains independent and insensitive to all disturbances related to the operation of the heat engine: beat, vibrations, games If the hyperstatism is too important, we will favor the

  solution shown in Figure 5 or in Figures 23, 37 and 38.

  Thanks to the bearing means 132, the spacer is centered by the crankshaft 11 so that the presence of centering pins between the engine block of the vehicle and the spacer is not essential; centering means existing between the bell

14 and the spacer 61.

  Thanks to the two sets of screws 145, 245, it is possible to manufacture, in a first place of manufacture, the machine 2 equipped with the spacer 130, 131, 46. Then, fix the reaction plate using the screws 145 and fix in final the flywheel 13 on the crankshaft using the screws 145. Then, after inserting the

  disc 20, the clutch mechanism 17, 25, 19, 18, 24 is fixed.

  Alternatively, and in order to increase the inertia of the clutch mechanism 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, a cover may be used

19 in cast iron.

  Of course, as shown in FIG. 3, it is possible to further reduce the axial size by eliminating the declutching fork 50. In this case, the declutching device 24 is of the concentric type because it is traversed centrally by the driven shaft 12 The declutching device 24 can be of the cable control type as described in US-5,141,091. In this case, the declutching stop 23 is carried by a driven part fixed in rotation and movable in translation for example by means of elastic tongues connecting a flange of the driven part to a housing secured to the bell 14. The driven part is in relation of screw-nut with a fixed driving part in translation and mobile in rotation for example by means of a ball bearing intervening between the fixed housing and the driving part which carries at its periphery a pulley for winding

  of the control cable operated by the clutch pedal.

  As a variant as shown in FIG. 3, the declutching device 24 is of the hydraulic type as described in the document FR-A-2,730,532. In this case, the declutching stop 23 is carried by a piston 241 movable axially with respect to the guide tube 52 secured for example by crimping an external body 242 fixed on the clutch bell 14 for example at

  using ears as described in document FR-A-2,730,532.

  The outer body 242 surrounds the guide tube and defines therewith a blind annular cavity 243 of axial orientation, the bottom of which is constituted by a radial rim which the guide tube has at its rear end. This radial rim is for example fixed by crimping on the outer body 242 provided with a control fluid supply inlet, such as oil, connected to a non-visible bore opening into the cavity 243 at its bottom. . The feed inlet is better visible in Figures 16 and 17 and has a through channel. The piston 241 enters the cavity 243 and delimits

  sealingly therewith a variable volume chamber.

  A preload spring 244 acts between the body 242 and the front end of the piston 241 to maintain the stop 23 in constant support against the ends of the fingers 22 of the diaphragm 18,22. There is also a protective bellows 246 surrounding the spring 244. Compared to FIG. 1, the outer ring 23 of the bearing is rotating while the inner ring of the bearing is fixed. For more details, see document FR-A-2,730,532. It can be seen that the distance between the bottom of the bell 14 and the cover 19 is reduced due to the absence of a fork 50. In fact, in FIGS. 1 and 2, it is necessary to provide additional space for the angular movements of the fork. The declutching device 24 thus forms the hydraulic receiver of a hydraulic control, the transmitter of which is actuated either manually by the clutch pedal or semi-automatically by an actuator with an electric motor controlled according to predetermined programs for changing the gear ratio. speed by an electronic computer receiving information in particular from sensors measuring the speed of rotation of the shafts 11 and 12, as well as the displacement of the clutch release bearing 23 of the plate 17. These sensors can be used to control the electric machine 2. Of course as a variant, the reaction plate 4 has a crown 40 as in FIG. 1 allowing a

  sensor to measure the speed of rotation of the driving shaft 11.

  The sensor can be of the optical type so as not to be disturbed

by magnetic phenomena.

  The sensors can be placed in any suitable location and therefore serve both to control the electric machine 2 and to control the actuator with the above-mentioned electric motor, the electronic computer being common to the electric machine 2 and to the electric motor actuator. It is obvious that the electric machine thus makes it possible to synchronize the speeds of rotation of the shafts 11 and 12 by accelerating or braking the shaft 11, so that it is possible to use gearboxes without a device for synchronization with a dog clutch device that can be moved with little effort. As a result, the gearbox can be controlled by low-effort actuators for the

  shift and / or selection of reports.

  The change of speed ratio is thus easier and

  faster because the speed of the two shafts is synchronized.

  The vehicle being stopped at a red light, neutral position engaged, the displacement of the stop, as well as the change of gear ratio provide, via sensors, information for

restart the engine.

  Of course, as visible in FIG. 4, the sleeve 46 can be in one piece with the reaction plate 4 and extend axially in the direction of the crankshaft 11. The bearing means 132 intervene between the internal periphery of the sleeve 46 and the outer periphery of the skirt 133 of the support piece 134 carrying the stator 5 while the hub 46 carries the rotor 6 at its outer periphery. It can be seen that with respect to FIG. 3, the structures have been inverted, the load-bearing part 134 being turned over to extend in the vicinity of the casing 62 of the

thermal motor.

  Note that in Figures 2 to 4, the bearing means 132 extend above the fixing screws 145. In this figure 4 the spacer 230 consists of a shaft passing through the central opening of the ring 140 by a centering nose, at the front, the shaft 230 is hollowed out at 231 for its centering by the crankshaft 11. As in FIG. 3, the second guide washer, not shown, enters the central recess of the pressure plate delimited by the ring 140 and the portions 142, 38. It will be noted that the portion 38 is shorter than in

  Figures 2 and 3 while the portion 142 is more inclined.

  In FIGS. 2 and 3, the support piece 134 makes cover

  dust and heat shield because it extends in the immediate vicinity of the reaction plate 4 and envelops the rotor and the stator. Thus, in particular the metallic particles coming from the friction linings 16 of the friction disc 20 do not risk polluting the electric machine 2, guaranteeing

thus a good yield.

  The central recess 39 of the flywheel 13 therefore consists of the central recess of the reaction plate 4 delimited externally by the friction face 37 of contact with the

trim 16.

  In Figure 4, the reaction plate has at its outer periphery an annular skirt of axial orientation 144 surrounding the friction linings 16 so that the dust from the linings 16 will not pollute the machine

electric 2.

  In addition, a groove 148 is provided at the internal periphery of the skirt 144 to collect the dust. This groove is connected to the friction face 37 of the reaction plate by a vertical flank and has in section a bottom in an arc of a circle extended by an inclined flank. Of course, the groove 148 can have any other shape. However it will be appreciated that the inclined flank directs the impurities towards the pressure plate 17. The impurities are centrifuged in the groove 148 constituting a

anti-pollution throat.

  Of course, in Figure 1, the plate 4 can be provided

of such a skirt 144 with groove 148.

  All combinations are possible. Note that at the

  FIG. 4 the spacer 61 is separate from the support piece 134.

  The load-bearing part 131 is fixed directly to the engine block 62 using fixing screws 164 passing through radial holes in the holes 165 made in ears 166 that the load-bearing part has beyond its outer periphery, from the

  made of the presence of the bearing means 132.

  The spacer 61 is distinct from the load-bearing part which carries at its outer periphery an annular skirt 261 for mounting

  of stator 5, for example by shrinking as described above

  above. The spacer 61 is hollowed out for the passage of the ears 166 distributed for example regularly at 120 degrees. The number of ears depends on the application. Of course, the bearing means 132 can be located on the same circumference as the fixing screws 245 as visible in FIG. 5. In this case, the sleeve 46 always belongs to the reaction plate whose internal ring 140 is widened to its base for presenting grooves and meshing with a shaft 330 having ears 331 for its fixing using screws 245 the crankshaft 11. The rear end of the shaft is grooved to cooperate with the grooves of the ring 140 Thus, the reaction plate 4 is linked in rotation to the shaft 330. The ring 140 is fixed axially by a washer 333 fixed by screws 334 at the end of the shaft 330. On the other side, the ring 140 is fixed axially by the internal ring of the ball bearing constituting the bearing means 132. This bearing is interposed axially between the ring 140 and the heads of the screws 245. The bearing part 134 of the stator 5 carries spacers 61 and has a much more straight ite that in FIG. 4. It will be noted in FIGS. 4 and 5 that one can rib the load-bearing parts 134 to stiffen them which is not easy in FIGS. 2 and 3. In FIG. 5, the ribs are of greater amplitudes than in FIG. 4 It will be noted that the fixing members 64 are resiliently mounted in the through holes 461 of the spacer 61, to avoid hyperstatism during the crankshaft deflections, more specifically, the fasteners 64 are surrounded by a split pin 462 itself surrounded by two shouldered pads 463, for example made of elastomer such as rubber, placed at the ends of the through holes 461. A certain degree of freedom therefore exists between the fixing members 64, here in the form of a stud and the sole 61 so that the load-bearing part is not clamped and is centered on the shaft 330 by the ball bearing 132 with the creation of a small and precise air gap. Of course, this type of elastic mounting is applicable in

Figures 1 to 3.

  Of course, it will be noted that the central recess of the reaction plate 4 in which the second guide washer 30 of the friction disc 20 is housed is delimited here by

  the ring 140 and the annular portion of axial orientation 38.

  Thus, the torsional damper 20a can be thicker. It is even possible to mount two torsional dampers in parallel as described for example in document US-A-3,101,600.

  thus obtaining large angular deflections.

  In FIG. 6 in which the structure has been inverted with respect to the structure in FIG. 5 so that the spline connection is located at the front and not at the rear, more precisely, in this embodiment, the ring 140 extends radially a little more radially inwards in the direction of the axis XX to present a shaft 430 centrally, the front end of which is grooved so as to engage with grooves which internally has a fixing base 431 fixed by screws 345 to crankshaft 11 of the engine. The support piece 134 is integral with the spacers 61 as in the figure with an elastic mounting between the spacers and the fixing members 64. The bearing means 132 are located axially between the ring 140 and the base 431 and consist of two bearings with marbles. The supporting part 134 has a bushing 432 at its internal periphery by which it is mounted on the outer rings of the bearings 132 with a flange

  intermediate 433 to separate the two ball bearings 132.

  The sleeve 432 is provided with holes 545 radially above the bearings 132 for access by means of tools to the heads of the fixing screws 345. Thus, the tools for fixing the screws pass through the support piece 134 and the ring 140. Of course, as described in document FR-A 2 718 208, the fixing tools can also pass through the friction disc. For

  To do this, simply equip the friction disc with a pre-

  raised shock absorber. It will be noted that in FIGS. 2 and 3, the torsional pre-damper is of the type described in document FR A 2 718 208. This pre-damper therefore comprises a web fixed to the hub 15 and two guide washers arranged on the side on the other side of the veil and assembled together by clipping with the aid of lugs used for the rotational drive

  of the pre-shock absorber with the web 34.

  Of course, with respect to this document FR-A2718208, the second guide washer must be mounted in the recess of the reaction plate, that is to say turn the

friction disc 20.

  In this case, it is of course necessary to provide passage holes in the diaphragm for the passage of the screw fixing tool (s), knowing that said fixing tools can belong to a screwdriver or be individual tools. The screws or other fasteners can be mounted captively in the machine. To do this, the fixing screw heads may have a diameter greater than that of the aforementioned passage holes in the diaphragm, in the disc.

friction.

  In this case, a module can be formed comprising the reaction plate 4, the friction disc 20 and the clutch mechanism unitarily comprising the plate 17, the

  diaphragm 18, 22 and cover 19.

  This unit module can be easily balanced, this is the reason why we see in 1000 in FIG. 6 a balancing chamfer produced at the outer periphery of the reaction plate 4. Thus, more or less material can be removed from the desired locations to dynamically balance the friction clutch-electric machine assembly here because, in FIG. 6, the electric machine 2 - friction clutch 3 assembly, base 431 can be produced, then screw in place using screws 345

the assembly on the crankshaft 11.

  Of course, the screw fixing tool (s) 345 may not pass through the friction and the clutch mechanism. In this case, it is possible to produce a driving flywheel sub-assembly 13 - electric machine 2 and base 431 which can be dynamically balanced then mount on the crankshaft 11 using the screws 345. Then, one sets up the friction disc 20 then the clutch mechanism is fixed, knowing that it can be dynamically balanced in a known manner, for example by drilling in the desired places the pressure plate 17 and or adding balancing rivets

  fixed for example on the peripheral edge of the cover.

  It will be noted that in FIG. 6, the base 431 is wedged axially, on the one hand, at the rear on the shaft 430 by the ball bearing 132 furthest from the ring 140 and, on the other hand , at the front, on the shaft 430, by a washer 434 held in place by a circlip 435 engaged in the end

free from tree 430.

  In general, in FIG. 6, it is possible to produce at least one electrical machine subassembly 2 - flywheel 13 - base 431 which is mounted in one go on the crankshaft. This variant subset can

  understand the friction clutch 3 above.

  In all the figures, balancing of the electrical machine 2 - drive wheel 13 assembly can be carried out by removing material, for example on the reaction plate, or on the spacer 130, 131, 46 or on the shaft. 330 or in general, on any other part rotating around the axis XX and integral in rotation with one of the shafts 11 and 12, for example, it is possible to remove material on the plate

pressure 17.

  Of course, the reverse can be done, that is to say adding material to the desired locations on any part rotating around the axis XX is rotationally secured to one of the shafts 11 or 12. It is possible, for example , add balancing rivets to the cover 19, to the reaction plate 4,

  on the spacer 130, 131 and 46, on the sleeve 46.

  Balancing is therefore done by adding or removing mass on the flywheel 13 or on the clutch mechanism 17, 18, 22, 19 and it is possible to correct the imbalance of the heat engine, in particular for the three cylinders by removing or adding of the material. Balancing can therefore lead to the presence of an unbalance on the electrical machine 2 - friction clutch 3 assembly to correct the unbalance of the heat engine. The engine assembly - friction clutch device 2, 3 provided with the

  electric machine is therefore balanced.

  In general, it will be noted that the bearing means 132 of FIGS. 2 to 6 are arranged to be brought closer to the center

  of gravity of the rotating parts, that is to say of the assembly 1.

  Thus, in FIG. 6, the bearing means constituted by the two ball bearings are located radially below the rotor 6 and the stator 5, and this is generally symmetrical with respect to the axis of radial symmetry of the rotor. and stator. In this figure, these bearing means are located radially below the friction face 37 of the

reaction plate 4.

  It will be noted that in this FIG. 6, the rotor 6 is fixed at its internal periphery radially below the friction linings. It is the same in the other figures. As a variant, of course, the rotor 6 can be fixed radially at the level of the

  fittings 16, between the inner and outer periphery thereof

  this. It suffices in FIG. 2 for example to increase the size

radial from bottom 130.

  In FIGS. 2 and 3, the bearing means 132 are located radially below the rotor 5 and the stator 6 while being offset axially towards the reaction plate with respect to

  to the radial axis of symmetry of the rotor 6 and the stator 5.

  In FIG. 4, the bearing means 132 are always located radially below the rotor 6 and the stator 5 while being offset axially in the direction opposite to the reaction plate 4 relative to the axis of radial symmetry of the rotor 6 and

stator 5.

  It is the same in FIG. 5 in which this offset is more marked, the bearing means 132 being generally offset axially with respect to the rotor 6 and this, in the direction

opposite the reaction plate 4.

  All this depends on the shape of the central recess of the

  flywheel 13 and therefore of the reaction plate 4.

  It will be appreciated that the location of the second guide washer 30 inside the central recess of the reaction plate 4 shifts the center of gravity of the assembly 1 towards the bearing means 132 The hollow shape of the reaction plate 4 is beneficial because the internal periphery of the reaction plate 4 is closer to the rotor 6 than is the friction face 37 of said plate so that one displaces the center of gravity of the assembly in the direction of the machine electric. Of course, material can be removed from the

  front face of the reaction plate 4 facing the buns 8.

  It is for this reason that the reaction plate 4 of FIGS. 1 and 4 has a variable thickness at its external periphery.

and this next to the buns 8.

  Thus, the buns penetrate into a notch or obviously the flywheel. Alternatively, provision may be made for

  recesses in the casing 62 of the heat engine.

  Of course, the flywheel 13 can be shaped to identify the speed and or the position of the rotor 6 using one or more sensors. For example, the ring gear 40 can be associated with two sensors, one radial, the other, of orientation

  axial to mark the speed and or the position of the rotor.

  These sensors can be carried by the bell 14. As a variant, at least one of these sensors is carried by the stator 5 or the carrying part 134. One of these sensors, for example of radial orientation, is used for controlling injection of the internal combustion engine and the other, for example of axial orientation, is used to control the electric machine which can be of any

type.

  As a variant, the information sensor belongs to the bearing means 132. These bearing means then advantageously consist of one or more ball bearings which are instrumented to form a sensor for the speed of rotation of the drive wheel. The wires of these instrumented ball bearing sensors are then advantageously supported by the support piece 134 to join the connector 63 of the machine.

electric 2.

  The ball bearing can be of the type described in document FR-A 2,599,794 and include a magnetic field sensor carried by the fixed ring of the bearing and at least one multi-pole magnetic ring carried by the rotating ring with

presence of an air gap.

  It is therefore advantageous for these sensors to be carried by the

  fixed part of the electric machine 2.

  Of course, depending on the electrical machines, the sensors can also be used for measuring the speed or the position of the rotor. Of course, provision can be made for

cool the electric machine 2.

  For example, in FIG. 5, fins 1200 are provided on the front face of the reaction plate 4 and this, opposite the rotor 6. These fins are located above the buns 8, being advantageously inclined in the manner of fan blades. Of course, as a variant, as visible in 1201 in the figure, the fins come from the portion 38. Advantageously, holes are made in the carrier part and in the ring and in the portion 38 of the reaction plate 4 to make

  air circulation as shown in dotted lines in Figure 5.

  As a variant, the shaft carries fins referenced in 1203.

  Of course, the fins can be made at the outer periphery 431 of the base 430 as shown in Figure 6. In Figures 2 and 3, the fins could be from the bottom 130 of the spacer 130, 131,46. The fins can

  be formed at the ends of the sheet package 9.

  The fins can be on the machine housing. Cooling, if done by air, can be forced (air back flow from outside into the machine or vice versa) or by

  internal ventilation, or by natural convection.

  Alternatively, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, you can

  cool the stator 8 using a heat transfer fluid.

  Thus, in Figure 7, the sheets 10 of the stator 6 are drilled.

  The package of pierced sheets 10 is then advantageously delimited by two flanges 0la, lOb having a shape allowing the heat transfer fluid to be conveyed from one face to the other of the stator passing through the holes made in the stator. Alternatively as shown in Figure 8, the end flanges are removed and replaced, for example, by

  10c bent overmolded pipes, of aluminum for example.

  Advantageously, the spacer is of the type of that of FIG. 21, the same pack of sheets forming a spacer. In this case, two series of identical sheets are provided at their internal periphery, the holes being made in the series of

outermost sheets.

  Advantageously, the buns are also overmolded by protecting their varnishes by brushing with a charged resin.

heat transfer elements.

  Of course, to control most electric machines, you must index the position of the rotor relative to the

  stator and the position of the sensors relative to the rotor.

  In Figure 9, there is shown the flywheel 13 of Figure 1 which forms a sub-assembly with the machine 2. This sub-assembly

  is delivered as shown in Figure 9.

  When the electric machine 2 works in engine mode, in particular in starter mode as mentioned above, it is necessary to know the position and / or the speed of the rotor relative to the stator. Thus, use is made of a removable plate 3000 carrying at least one rod 3001, projecting axially and penetrating for centering in a hole 3002 produced in the sheet metal package 10 of the stator 6 beyond the buns 8. The plate is fixed on the reaction plate 4 using screws 3003 each screwing into a thread 3004 of the reaction plate 4 and taking support

  by their head on the rear face of the plate 3000.

  Thanks to the rod 3001, the stator 6 is indexed in rotation relative to the rotor 5, knowing that the plate 3000 is screwed using screws 3005 into tapped holes 3006 presented by the spacer 61 carrying the package of aforementioned sheets

stator 6.

  In addition, the plate 3000 carries wedges 3007 fixed on the rear face of the plate 3000 using screws 3008. The wedges 3007 pass through a passage 3009 of the plate and a passage 3010 of the reaction plate 4 to come interpose between the inner periphery of the stator 5 and the outer periphery of the rotor 6. Thus, the air gap 7 is rigidly maintained while having an indexing of the rotor 6 relative to the stator 5. The air gap thus obtained is constant and depends of the thickness of the shims 3007. Thus, the sub-assembly is mounted on the casing 62 of the engine block using the screws 45 and the studs 64 replacing the screws 64 of FIG. 1. Then, the screws 3003 are unscrewed and 3005 for

  remove the plate fitted with rod 3001 and wedges 3007.

  Then, the friction disc 20 is housed in the central recess of the reaction plate and finally, the clutch mechanism is fixed on the reaction plate 4. It will be noted that in all the figures, the hub 15 extends in mostly in

  the central recess 39 of the steering wheel 13.

  After assembly, the plate 3000 with pins 3001 and shims 3007 is recovered by the machine manufacturer. This solution has many advantages, because in addition to the guarantee of constant air gap, it also facilitates the transport of the rotor / stator assembly, thus allowing the delivery of the

machine in one piece.

  As a variant, the use of the plate 3000 is dispensed with by providing a constant air gap by optical setting carried out by means of cylinders acting radially, for example on

  the portion 42 of the reaction plate 4.

  It will be noted that in FIG. 9, the reaction plate 4 has an inclined portion 142 connecting the portions 42 and 38 to each other. Thus, the central recess of the flywheel 13 can have any appropriate shape resulting from the different

figures.

  Of course, one can also provide, as shown in FIG. 11, a force sensor 2000, integrated into the declutching device 24 of concentric type, as represented in FIG. 3, or any other elastic element varying continuously in the control. displacement, regardless of the clutch force

or braking.

  Thus, the position of the clutch stop 23 is taken outside of the hydraulic fluid by the transformation of the force information of the preload spring 244 into a

  relative or absolute position information as required.

  Thus, the digital or analog signal delivered by the force sensor 2000 is processed by a computer, external or internal to said sensor, to determine the relative position or

  clutch clutch 23.

  Thus, this force sensor 2000, associated with the preload spring independent of the clutch or braking force, makes it possible to distinguish, as shown in FIG. 11, the two

  positions B and C that the clutch bearing 23 can take.

  It can be seen in FIG. 11 that this force sensor 2000 makes it easy to distinguish the two points B and C which represent the same clutch or braking force represented by point A in FIG. 11 in which we have represented on the ordinate clutch or braking forces and on the abscissa

displacements.

  This characteristic curve is due here to the curve

  well-known characteristic of the diaphragm.

  Advantageously, the position sensor 2000 is placed directly under the preload spring 244, that is to say between the rear end of the preload spring 244 and the body.

exterior 242.

  Advantageously, an intermediate shim, not shown in FIG. 10, will be placed between the force sensor 2000 and the

preload spring 244.

* This wedge can be formed by the bellows of

  protection 246 which is thus immobilized.

  Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described, in particular, the support 21 can be in one piece with the first guide washer 29. A single guide washer can be provided as disclosed in the document FR-A2390617. In all cases, the hub 14 largely penetrates into the recess 39 and extends asymmetrically relative to the support 21 of the linings 16. The torsion damper 20a thus extends in

  mostly inside the recess 39.

  In general, the support 21 is coupled elastically to the hub 15 by a torsion damper 20a penetrating into the central recess 39 of the flywheel 13 and therefore of the reaction plate 4 for reduction of the axial size of the sub- together 1. Thus, the elastic members 4 can consist of spiral springs acting between the support and the hub. The elastic members may consist of blades or blocks of elastomeric material interposed in this

  case, between the hub and a ferrule secured to the support 21.

  Of course, we can reverse the structures. Thus, in Figure 12, the base 431 can be replaced by a flange 431a having at its outer periphery the sleeve 46 and the shoulder

  48. This flange is crossed by the screws 345 as in FIG. 6.

  The part 134 is in this case close to the reaction plate 4. On

  therefore reversed the direction of the supporting part 134.

  Here the shaft 430a is frustoconical and the flange 431a has centrally a hub 431b with internal bore of frustoconical shape for mounting in a complementary manner on the frustoconical outer periphery of the shaft 430a. A nut 431c, mounted on the end of the shaft 430a makes it possible to lock the

complementary cones.

  The flange 431a is thus linked in rotation to the shaft 430a.

  We see in light of this description that Exhibit 134

  of figure 12 can be replaced by a veil coming from the sleeve

431b, for example, by molding.

  The sleeve 46 can be separate from the flange 431a and be secured to the motor housing 62, the bearing means 132 being

  of course deleted, as well as the spacer 61.

  Thus the veil would carry the rotor while the sleeve 48

  would carry the stator so that the rotor would surround the stator.

  Thus, the rotor can extend radially beyond the friction linings 16 without increasing the radial size. Of course, it is possible to keep the supporting part 134 of the stator and the bearing means 132, the said supporting part then being adjacent to the internal combustion engine, the rotor being raised in elevation by the web. This veil is then implanted

  axially between the reaction plate 4 and the carrier part.

  It advantageously has a sinuous shape and has at its outer periphery a shouldered sleeve 46. Advantageously, the

veil is ribbed.

  We can do the same in Figures 2 and 3, the carrier part being replaced by a veil while the sleeve 46 would be fixed to the motor housing 62, the spacer 61 being removed. The rotor can thus be carried by a veil secured to the flywheel to surround the stator. Said veil being

  generally C-shaped like that of Figures 2 and 3.

  In these Figures 2 and 3, the support piece 134 is locally deformed by stamping to create a clearance for the

updos 8.

  Thus, release means are provided for the buns and consist either of a reduction in thickness of the reaction plate 4 or of deformations of the part.

carrier 134.

  Alternatively, you can create a groove in the tray

  reaction to achieve clearance for buns 8.

  Likewise, cooling means are provided to cool the machine. The cooling means can be carried by the stator 5 in FIGS. 7 and 8, or by the flywheel by means of fins 1200, 1201 in FIG. 5 or of fins integral with the

rotor as described below.

  Alternatively, the support piece or the veil acts as a heat shield. It will be noted that the arrangements in FIGS. 2, 3 and 12 are advantageous, since the flow of heat by conduction from the reaction plate 4 to the sleeve 46 follows a long path, which

  is advantageous for the electric machine 2.

  Likewise, the conduction heat flow path between the reaction plate 4 and the stator 5 is very long taking into account the configuration of the carrier part (FIGS. 4, 6 and 12). The through holes 545 further improve cooling. Of course, a heat transfer fluid can advantageously pass through the spacers 61 of FIGS. 1 to 6, 9 and 12

  to cool the stator 5 surrounding the rotor 6.

  This same fluid can also also pass through the pack of sheets 10 of the stator 5 as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. Thus in the embodiment of FIGS. 13 to 15, the spacer 61 has an annular shape and is made of moldable material here. based on aluminum. This spacer 61 has a cylindrical internal periphery 6000 on which the bundle of sheets 10 is hooped, as in FIG. 1. In FIG. 14 one sees one of the annular sheets of this bundle 10 having recesses at its outer periphery for the passage of weld seams 6001 making it possible to complete the joining of the sheet pack to the spacer 61 surrounding the drive wheel 13 with the exception of the reaction plate 4 thereof. In practice, FIG. 13 differs from FIG. 1 only only by the spacer 61 so that the same signs

will be used.

  Each annular sheet of stator 5 has at its periphery

  internal slots for stator winding.

  The spacer 61 has in its thickness two facing faces defining a cooling chamber 6002 receiving a heat transfer fluid, here a cooling liquid. This liquid quickly dissipates the heat produced by the operation of the electric machine. In this cooling process, the stator transfers its heat to the

  internal device 6000 of the spacer 61 by contact.

  Then, this heat is transmitted by forced convection, from the internal device 6000 to the moving coolant, here in the water circuit of

  vehicle combustion engine cooling.

  The cooling chamber 6002 is axially oblong, to cool the spacer and the stator as much as possible and, circumferentially in the form of a tortuous channel allowing heat to be dissipated well and bypassing the passage of the holes 6003 intended for the organs of fixing 64 (here screws) of the spacer 61 to the engine block 62 and to the bell

  clutch 14 between which the spacer 61 is interposed.

  The clutch bell surrounds the clutch 3.

  As a variant, the chamber 6002 has circumferentially the shape of a cylindrical channel. The external periphery 6004 of the spacer has a generally wavy shape with protuberances or protuberances

  6005, 6006, 6007 and 6010 from molding.

  These protrusions make it possible to reduce the weight of

the spacer.

  The protrusions 6005, of semi-circular shapes, are each provided with a through hole 6003 of the fastening members 64. It will be noted that the holes 6003 can be arranged on either side of the chamber 6002 as visible in FIG. 14 The boss-shaped protrusion 6006 carries the inlet and outlet conduits 6008 of the chamber 6002 of the

  cooling of the alternator-starter.

  These conduits 6008 are connected to the

  cooling of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle.

  These aforementioned connection means may use hoses and / or waterproof quick couplings as described for example in document FR 2756608 so that the chamber

6002 can be pre-filled.

  Each conduit 6008 is associated with an enlarged orifice 6009, respectively an inlet and an outlet formed in the protrusion 6006. As a variant, it is possible to remove the inlet and outlet conduits 6008 and directly connect the orifices 6009 to second orifices opposite formed on the engine block 62 with the intervention of sealing means such as O-rings

  between the engine block 62 and the spacer 61.

  These second orifices communicate with the

engine cooling.

  In all cases, room 6002 extends the circuit of

  vehicle engine cooling.

  Of course, angular indexing means are provided between the spacer and at least the engine block 62. Thus, we see in 6010 a protrusion with on either side of the chamber 6002 a hole 6003 for the passage of a fixing member 64, and a hole 6011 for the passage of an indexing pin carried by

  example by block 62 and entering the spacer.

  The chamber 6002 is obtained by molding using a material which is removed after molding such as sand. Thus, we see in 6012 means of evacuation of the sand during

the demolding operation.

  These means comprise at least one passage hole towards the external periphery of the spacer 12, this hole being closed in

final by a tight stopper.

  Of course a connecting channel 6013 exists between the 2

  holes 6009 to allow the molding operation.

  The protrusion 6007 is provided in the low position and internally has a hole 6014, here threaded opening into the

room 6012.

  This hole 6014 allows the screwing of a screw 6015 with the interposition of a seal 6016, here toric, between

  the head of the screw 6015 and the top of the protrusion 6007.

  As we have understood, by unscrewing the screw 6015, we can

  drain chamber 6002 of its coolant.

  Advantageously, the hole 6014 is located in the part the

lower of room 6002.

  Of course, the positioning of the bore 6014 in the lower position of the chamber 6002 also makes it possible to drain the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle as well as the cooling circuit of the radiator.

main vehicle.

  This possibility of draining the complete cooling circuit of the vehicle is made possible by the fact that the cooling chamber 6002 of the alternator-starter passes through at least one point placed at the bottom of the cooling circuit.

vehicle cooling.

  This saves at least the drain plug of the cooling circuit provided on the internal combustion engine. Of course, we can also save the drain plug

  of the main vehicle cooling radiator.

  In all cases the hole 6014 must be placed at least lower than the lowest position of the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine including the

  main cooling radiator.

  Of course, the screw 6015 can be replaced by any other removable closure member such as a threaded plug, for example of the type generally provided for emptying the

vehicle oil system.

  The hole 6014 can therefore be partially threaded.

  The spacer 61 is therefore provided with means for emptying its chamber. As a variant, the spacer 61 equipped with its cooling chamber 6002 and internally carrying the stator 5 may be in one piece with the engine block 62 or with the bell

clutch 14.

  Of course, all the arrangements for cooling the electric machine 2 are independent of the fact that the torsion damper 20a penetrates into the central recess of the

reaction plate 4 or not.

  In general, many characteristics described in the present application are independent of whether the torsional damper 20a penetrates or not into the central recess of the reaction plate 4. This is the case, for example, with the presence of the load-bearing part 134, bearing means 132, various sensors, release means for the buns, balancing means or of the type of machine of the

electric machine ....

  Of course, as a variant, the torsional damper 20a can penetrate entirely into the central recess 39 to reduce

  again the axial size of the assembly 1.

  Thus, in the embodiment of FIG. 16, an axial offset exists between the external 121 and internal periphery 122 of the support 21. More precisely, the internal periphery 122 of the support 21 is axially offset relative to the external periphery 121 of the support 21 in direction opposite to the friction face 37, that is to say in the direction of the fixing screws 45. For this purpose, a fold 123 connects the peripheries 121, 122. The internal periphery 122 is fixed using the balusters 31 on the first guide washer 29, which thus enters the central recess 39 to reduce the axial size between the friction face 37 and the bottom of the casing 14. The guide washers 29, 30 therefore penetrate inside of the first axial orientation portion 38 while a shoulder 141 connects the transverse shoulder 41 to the second annular axial orientation portion 42 of the recess 39. The chamfer 141 is a deg chamfer agement which avoids interference between the balusters 31 and the shoulder 41, which makes it possible to reduce the axial size without profoundly modifying the flywheel 13. The torsion damper 20a is identical to that of FIG. 1 and is of the type of that described in document WO-96/14521 (FIG. 8). It thus has a bearing 124 having notches for the housing of springs 36 of low stiffness also mounted in notches made in the grooved hub 15

  internally for connection in rotation with the driven shaft 12.

  The springs 36 belong to a pre-damper located between the second guide washer 30 and the web 34 having at its internal periphery a female toothing to mesh with circumferential play with a male toothing which has the hub 15 at its external periphery. Friction washers and washers with axial elasticity intervene between the first guide washer 29 and the web 34. The parts 30, 34, 29 are provided with windows for mounting elastic members 35 of greater stiffness than the springs 36. The elastic members thus belong to the main damper. For more details, refer to the aforementioned document knowing that the bearing 124, here of frustoconical shape, as in FIG. 1, penetrates more deeply inside the recess 39 and that this bearing 24 is linked in rotation, here using pins, the web 34. Here the fingers 22 of the diaphragm 18,22 have at their internal periphery a portion 125 offset axially relative to the Belleville washer 18 of the diaphragm 18,24 so that one can reduce the axial size, the declutching stop 23 penetrating under the main part of the fingers of the diaphragm knowing that the portion 125 is connected to the main part of the fingers 22 by a section 126 in the form of an S. The stop 23 therefore extends under the portion 126 knowing that the main part of the fingers 22 extends in the same plane as the Belleville washer 18. The creation of the portion 125 is carried out thanks to the fact that the damper 20a penetrates more deeply into the recess central, the portion 125 being offset more axially in the direction of the damper 20a without interfering with the latter when the clutch is disengaged as visible in the upper part of FIG. 16. This thus further reduces the axial size of the assembly 1 having here a declutching device 24 of the hydraulic type as in FIG. 3. In this FIG. 16, we see in 127 a rigid supply duct for connection of the supply inlet 128 of the cavity 243 to a transmitter driving the declutching device 24 of the concentric type because it is crossed by the driven shaft 12. The duct has an L shape and is in two parts extending on either side of a passage 129 produced in the bell d 'clutch 14. More specifically, the conduit 127 comprises an internal part extending transversely inside the bell 14 to engage with the head of the supply inlet 128 with internal channel for connection with the cavity 243 and part external extending outside the bell 14 perpendicular to the internal part. For more precision,

  reference is made to document FR 2,753,772 filed on 09-26-1996.

  The external axial orientation part has a connection for

  its connection to a pipe coming from the invisible transmitter.

  Thanks to the rigid conduit 127, it is also possible to reduce the axial space requirement because it is easier to mount the rigid conduit 127 in advance on the supply inlet 128 while subsequently having no risk of interference between the rigid conduit 127 and the cover 19 which can thus be very close to one another. This arrangement also facilitates a quick connection of the transmitter to the declutching device 24 because the connection of the pipe coming from the transmitter is made outside the bell 14. Of course, the conduit 127 can equip the device clutch 24

figure 3.

  As shown in Figure 17, the bottom of the bell 14 can be shaped to locally create a clearance 150 for the passage of the internal part of the rigid tube 127 so that the axial space between the bottom of the cover 19 and the bottom of the bell 14 is further reduced, which also makes it possible to reduce the axial size of the assembly 1. In this case, the supply inlet 128 of the cavity 243 has a channel less inclined than that of FIG. 16. The rest of the declutching device is identical to that of FIG. 16 and the same is true of the diaphragm 18, 22. It will nevertheless be noted that the section at S 126 is less accentuated. In this FIG. 17, the clutch 3 is equipped with a so-called wear take-up device 151 to compensate for the wear of the friction linings 16 and, to a lesser extent, the wear of the friction face 37 and the wear of the friction facing the pressure plate 17. This wear take-up device, in known manner, keeps the diaphragm 18,22 in the same position when the clutch 3 is engaged, throughout the life of the clutch. The travel of the declutching device 24 is therefore constant throughout the life of the clutch, which makes it possible to reduce the axial dimensions of the clutch 3, and therefore, the axial dimensions between the face of friction 37 and the bottom of the clutch housing 14. In the engaged clutch position, the load exerted by the diaphragm 18,22 on the friction linings 16 is therefore substantially constant during the life of the clutch. Thus, the support 21 can be planar. Here the wear take-up device is of the type described in the document FR 2,753,503 to which reference will be made for more details. This wear take-up device therefore comprises a cassette carried by the cover 19 having a set 152 of worm and ratchet wheel. This assembly 152 is installed by means of a local deformation 153 generally in the form of a U which the cover 19 has at its outer periphery. The worm gear meshes irreversibly with a toothing carried by an intermediate piece 154 linked in rotation by tongues 155, of the type of tongues 25, to a ring of ramps 156, said ring of ramps being centered by the pressure plate 17 and having a fragmented bead (not referenced) for contact with the external periphery of the Belleville washer of the diaphragm 18, 24 pivotally mounted on the cover 19 using lugs 28 as in FIG. 1. The pressure plate 17 has studs forming counter-ramps to cooperate with the ramps of the ramp ring 156. The intermediate piece 154 is fixed axially in one direction by non-visible projections integral with the cover. In the other axial direction, the intermediate piece 154 is wedged axially by virtue of the tongues 155. The cassette has a control tongue 157 suitable for being actuated by an actuator 158 consisting of a radial appendage which has the Belleville washer 18 at its outer periphery . The Cassette also has a spring

  retraction of the coil spring type acting on the assembly 152.

  In the event of wear of the friction linings 16, the take-up spring is banded, which after a certain number of declutching and clutching operations is caused, by relaxing, to move the worm and to rotate the 'intermediate piece assembly 154, ramp ring 156 to compensate for wear of the friction linings. The arming of the wear take-up spring is carried out thanks to the control tongue 157 operated by the appendix 158. For more details on the operation, refer to the aforementioned document FR 2,757,503 knowing that the ramp ring 156 may alternatively be integral with the intermediate piece 154 so that the presence

  tongues 155 is not compulsory.

  In FIGS. 16 to 18, we see in 170 blind holes made in the sleeve 46, in 171, notches open radially outwards made in the reaction plate 4 and in 172 contributions of materials made in the plate reaction 4 for, as mentioned above, correcting the unbalance of the heat engine, in particular for a three-cylinder motor vehicle. Note that the notches 171 can be made on both sides of the reaction plate as best seen in Figure 19. The notches 171 are preferably made at the outer periphery of the reaction plate to be as efficient as possible. The supply of material 172 is produced projecting from the face of the reaction plate 4, said face facing the cover 19. In FIG. 18, the horizontal x, vertical Y and longitudinal Z axes have been identified to better show the orientation of the figure. The addition of material 172 is preferably carried out at the tangential tabs 25 connecting the tabs 173 of the pressure plate 17 to the cover 19. These tabs 25, distributed in several sets of tabs here superposed, have one of their ends fixed, here by riveting, to a tab 173 of the pressure plate and have their other end, fixed by riveting, to a range 174 belonging to the radial rim 175 which has on its external periphery the cover 19 here generally in the form of a hollow plate. The areas 174 are offset axially with respect to fixing areas 176 which the flange 175 presents for fixing the cover 19 to the reaction plate 4 here, in known manner, using non-visible screws. Thus, the supply of material 172 has an inclined face generally parallel to the tongues and extends circumferentially between a tab 173 and a pad 174 as best visible in FIGS. 17 and 19. Thus, the supply of material 172 can be maximum without increasing the axial size of the assembly 1. The supply of material 172 is masked by the pads 174 and produced at the external periphery of the reaction plate 4 which is very effective. We can thus make all possible combinations so that the machine and the engine run in good conditions. As will be understood, the unbalance at the level of the flywheel 13 makes it possible to balance the rotation of the heat engine. Thanks to the holes, the notches 171 and the inputs of materials 172, the imbalance of the crankshaft of the heat engine is counteracted. Of course, we can make all possible combinations. It is thus possible to balance the flywheel 13 using the holes 170, the notches 171, then, it is possible to counteract the imbalance of the engine crankshaft using the inputs of material 172 or alternatively, as visible in FIGS. 25 and 26, realizing

  openings 177 for example in the sleeve 46 of the steering wheel 13.

  These openings 177 can have a bean shape to remove the maximum amount of material. It is therefore possible to carry out balancing functions of the assembly 13 as well as a

  function to counterbalance the imbalance of the engine crankshaft.

  Of course, you can also remove material from the

pressure plate.

  Of course, the spacer 61 of Figure 1 can be in one piece with the stator 5 which avoids hooping of the sheets 10 of the stator 5 in the spacer 61 conventionally made of aluminum for weight reduction. It is therefore not necessary to provide means of anti-rotation of the sheets 10 with respect to the spacer 61, in particular when the sheets 10 are fixed by hooping on the spacer 61. On the other hand, the process of machining of holes for fixing screws 64 and centering holes is simplified by the fact that the spacer

  is in one piece with the sheet metal package 10.

  Also, the holes in Figures 7 and 8 are easier to make because there is more material so that the holding

stator mechanics is better.

  Thus in FIG. 21, the stator 5 is constituted by a packet of magnetic sheets constituted respectively by a first series of standard sheets 180 and by a second series of spacer sheets 181 of different external diameter. These magnetic sheets here have the same configuration at their internal periphery and therefore have notches 182 dedicated to receiving the stator winding. The notches 182 of each of the sheets are aligned so as to form axial grooves for receiving the stator winding. The first series of sheets is cylindrical in shape at its outer periphery. The second series of sheets 181, acting as a spacer, extends radially projecting above the external periphery of the first series of sheets to form cooling fins 183, some of which are perforated at 184 for passage of the fixing screws. shown at 64 in Figure 1 for fixing the clutch housing 14 on the engine block 62. Two diametrically opposite holes 185 are made in some of the fins for passage of the centering pins carried by the engine block 62. These centering holes 185 also allow mounting, to index the spacer sheets of the second series 181 relative to each other. We see in 186 holes allowing the mounting of the connector or terminal block referenced 63 in Figure 1. Such a connector 63 is better visible in Figure 25. The fins 183 are divided into several annular sectors separated from each other by grooves 187, the bottom of which will receive the weld beads 188. In 189, we see an isolated tab with an opening 184. Said tab 189 is due to the configuration of the engine block and makes it possible to reach a distant fixing point. In general, the shape of the second series of sheets 181 depends on the applications, and in particular on the shape of the engine block and the clutch housing. The second series of sheets 181 does not necessarily have fins, in particular when the fluid circulation holes in FIGS. 6 and 7 are produced therein. In one embodiment, the first series of sheets 180 extends axially on either side of the second series of sheets 181 in a symmetrical or non-symmetrical manner depending on the applications. As a variant, the first series of sheets 180 extends on one side of the second series of sheets 181 depending on the applications. In all cases, the sheets of the first series 181 have a standard shape and communicate with the grooves 187. Thus, using weld beads 188, it is possible to

  connect the first and second series of sheets together.

  The weld bead 188 extending over the entire axial total length of the series of sheets. As a variant, the weld seams 188 are replaced by a form of cooperative connection such as buttoning. As a variant, the standard sheets may have a different diameter on either side of the second series of sheets 181 so that two series of standard sheets are provided. As will be understood, the welding operation is easy to perform thanks to the notches 182. It suffices for mounting to stack the sheets on a centralizer provided with at least one longitudinal axial bar on which a notch is threaded of each of the sheets. Thus, thanks to this arrangement, welding using the beads 188 is easy to perform since the sheets have identical notches 182 and are angularly indexed with respect to each other. The number of cords 188 depends on the applications, this number being less than or equal to the number of grooves 187. Thanks to the second series of sheets 181 forming fins 183, better heat dissipation is obtained compared to a spacer fitted with fins. and distinct from the sheets of the stator 5, because the thermal conduction is better due to the absence of a stator-spacer separation which separation creates a thermal resistance. In addition,

  as the spacer consists of plates 181, here ferro-

  magnetic, there is an increase in the average value of the thickness of the magnetic stator yoke. In addition, a mass gain is obtained because although the magnetic sheets have a density greater than that of aluminum, the volume of the stator-spacer monobloc assembly is less than that of a stator separate from the spacer because the fins can come as close as possible to the stator sheets because it removes the hooping range from the stator sheets. There is also the possibility of cooling the stator and its chignons and lowering the temperature inside the electric machine

  by fresh blown air and / or absorbed hot air.

  Of course we can provide fins and circulation

  coolant as in Figures 7 and 8.

  With this one-piece device, machining problems are simplified and reduced and manufacturing tolerances are reduced. The depth of the notches 182 can also be varied without degrading the performance of the electric machine. This has the advantage of facilitating winding

  automatic while reducing the height of the buns.

  The thickness of the spacer is adjustable.

  As can be seen in FIGS. 22 and 23, recesses 191 with contour 192 make it possible to follow the contours 192 of the ribs of the cylinder block as well as of the oil tank of the engine block referenced at 62 in FIGS. 1, 12 and 13 and in the lower part of FIG. 22. The projections 194 of the engine block 62 penetrate into the recesses, the shape of which depends on the applications. This geometry makes it possible to limit the axial size of the electric machine 2 and, at the very least, to remain in the same axial size as an electric machine mounted in cantilever as shown for example in FIG. 1 or in the figure 16 so that we can increase the size of

  the electric machine and / or the clutch.

  These recesses 191 are produced in a radial support flange 193 which replaces the support piece 134 in FIG. 6. This flange 193 has for this purpose a skirt 190 for the bearing means and is in one piece with the spacer 61 which internally carries the stator 5. This spacer 61 may be water cooled (as shown for example in Figure 13) or air cooled. Here, the spacer has fins 183 with holes 184 to 186 as in Figure 21, but the fins are here in one piece with the flange 193 of tortuous shape with a semi-toric portion 195 to create a housing for the rotor 6, the stator 5 and the sleeve 46. The fins 183 are connected to the external periphery of this portion 195 whose internal periphery is connected to a ribbed web 196 carrying the sleeve 432 and having the holes 545. This radial flange 193 bears in its center, the bearing means 132 centered axially on the axis XX of the electric machine 2 and of the type of that of FIG. 6. These bearing means 132 comprise at least one ball bearing 132 and can be mounted on the flange in two different ways. According to a first embodiment, the outer ring of this bearing 132 is simply adjusted loosely in the sleeve 432 to resume the tolerance intervals, while the inner ring is mounted tight, for example by shrinking, on the shaft 430 to grooved front end for engaging internal grooves in mounting base 431 attached by

  screws 345 to the engine crankshaft.

  In a second embodiment, the two rings, external and internal of the bearings 132, are mounted tight, for example by shrinking, respectively on the sleeve 432 and on the shaft 430. The centering of the electric machine 2 is carried out at bearings 132 which then act as a centering device and consequently, the spacer 61 no longer performs this centering function. Of course, in this second tight fixing mode of the bearings, it is necessary, to avoid hyperstatism, that the fixing members 64, as shown in FIG. 1, can pass freely through the fixing holes 184 of the spacer 61 allowing positioning of the gearbox relative to the engine block. This configuration allows better control of the air gap. The evacuation of the calories from the bearing means 132 will be carried out very advantageously by conduction by the flange 193 which forms a block with said bearings as well as by the

  holes 545 serving as ventilation holes.

  Of course, in another embodiment, the bearings 132 can be replaced by a plain bearing such as a self-lubricating bearing or by a bearing with double rows of balls or by a bearing with single row of balls

or by a needle bearing.

  As will be readily understood, this spacer carrying the bearing means 132 makes it possible, compared to the machines mounted in cantilever, as shown for example in FIG. 1, to remarkably reduce the dynamic flutter coming from the crankshaft, thus improving the control of the air gap 7. As will be easily understood, the radial flange 193 forming a single piece with the spacer 61 makes it possible to stiffen this

last.

  Advantageously, this spacer made up of the flange 193 carrying the bearing means 132 makes it possible to block the hole

  left free by the absence of the conventional starter.

  As can be seen in FIG. 23, due to the tortuous shape of the flange, the rotor 6 and the stator 5 can be axially longer compared to the embodiment of the

figure 6.

  The bottom of the portion 195 serves as a support for a means of

  610 detection such as a speed or position sensor.

  This detection means 610 is opposite a target 601 also called the encoder wheel. This target is in the form of a ring having at its periphery a multiplicity of radial lugs 602 intended to pass in front of the detection means 610. The target is here carried by the non-magnetic overmolded ring forming a squirrel cage, made of copper, of the rotor 6 To reduce the axial size, the squirrel cage has one side

  inclined 603 carrying the legs 602 of the coding wheel 601.

  The inclination of the face 603 can vary from 0 to 45 relative to

  to a transverse plane of the machine.

  Thus, the sensor 610 and the encoder wheel are not parallel to the axis X-X of the electric machine 2, which makes it possible to reduce the axial length of the latter. In the case of an asynchronous squirrel cage machine, there is thus

  presence of a means of detection in the form of a speed sensor.

  The encoder wheel is carried by a non-magnetic support. As a variant, the support of the coding wheel is the flange of a fan of the rotor 6. Of course, the coding wheel can be replaced by a film of ferro-magnetic paint of between / 100 mm and 1 mm deposited by printing or sprayed through a mask. Alternatively, the coding wheel can be formed from a magnetic adhesive film with indentations. Alternatively, one can use a resin pad with a filings mist so that when passing through an oven, polymerization of the resin fixing the filings occurs. In all cases, the support of the encoder wheel is non-magnetic. Of course, this coding wheel can be carried by the fixing sleeve 43 of FIG. 1 as visible in FIGS. 24 and 25. The sensor is then carried by a flange 611 fixed on the housing 604 of the connector 63. This housing 604 carries in its upper part a support 605 of three electrical connection terminals 606, 607 and 608 allowing the connection to the outside of the three phase wires from the stator. Obviously, a fourth connection terminal, not shown here, can be added to exit the neutral point from the stator. These terminals allow connection to a

power electronics.

  The sleeve 46 has a hole 177 described above.

  Of course, the cooling circuit of the spacer 61 can be entirely independent and in particular, independent

  of the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine.

  This independence makes it possible to overcome the problems of connection to the cooling circuit of the internal combustion engine and also, to have a cooling temperature not dependent on that of the heat engine, this

  which is of interest each time the vehicle is started.

  As will be understood, the torsional damper 20a can be turned over, the second guide washer then no longer penetrating into the recess 39, in particular in the embodiments of FIGS. 16 and 17 making it possible to reduce the axial size. In FIG. 26, the spacer 61 is provided with cooling fins 183. We see in 160 and in 161 screws mounted between leather and flesh for the assembly, as mentioned above, of the rotor 5 on the bearing 47 and of the stator 6 on the internal periphery of the spacer 61. The torsion damper 20a penetrates inside the recess 39 identical to that of FIG. 1. The engine block 62 is shown in more detail than in FIG. 1. For simplicity, we have not shown in this figure the clutch release lever and the clutch release bearing as well as the driven shaft 12 to better show the hub 15 and the

  guide tube 52. The same is true in FIG. 27.

  In this figure 27, the reaction plate 4 has at its outer periphery, radially above the friction linings 16, a portion 49 offset axially in the direction opposite to the stator 6, relative to the transverse part of the reaction plate 4. The portion 49 extends radially above the friction linings 16. On the face of this portion 49, facing the stator 6, are produced

  ventilation fins 1202 in the shape of fan blades.

  These blades 1202 extend partially radially above the buns 8. Thus, a centrifugal type ventilation is produced. A clearance 65 is made in the engine block 62. This clearance 65 may correspond to the old location of a separate starter of the conventional type. As can be seen in this figure, the fins 1202 extend radially above the air gap 7 and the same applies to the portion 49. At least one opening 1204 is made in the bell 14 radially at

above the fins.

  In FIG. 28, the opening 1204 is deleted to be replaced by the opening 1205 for the passage of the clutch release fork. The fins or blades 1202 are of radial orientation or in the form of a helix. The air inlet is at the clearance 65 on the engine block 62 side. The air outlet is either through the opening 1204 in FIG. 27, or through the opening 1205 in FIG. 28. air is made via the air gap 7. Thanks to the fins 1202, integral with the reaction plate 4, a fan is created allowing the air to be drawn through the electric machine 2 and to reject this air radially, creating a vacuum in its center. Depending on the shape of the fins, the fan 4, 1202 is either of the centrifugal and / or helicocentrifugal type. This fan is

  sized to have a good thermal and acoustic compromise.

  It is the same in FIG. 5. This ventilation makes it possible to cool the rotor and the stator thanks to the air gap 7, the chignon 8, as well as the reaction plate 4 and therefore the friction linings 16 which increases the reliability. of the clutch 3. The outlet takes place at the level of the reaction plate 4 in FIG. 27 or beyond the clutch 3 (FIG. 28) so as to expel the dust coming in particular from the friction linings 16. In all case, a ventilation is created without modification of the spacer 61 which is in this aluminum figure. The engine block is modified to make the clearance 65. In FIG. 27, the bell 14 is modified to create at least one opening 1204, advantageously several openings. As a result, this arrangement is economical because it results in not modifying the clutch bell 14 and the engine block 62 in a profound manner. In addition, this makes it possible to use shrink fitting of the

  package of stator sheets 6 on spacer 61.

  As a variant, as shown in FIG. 29, fins or ventilation blades 1206 are carried by the rotor 5 at at least one of its axial ends. Here fins 1206 are provided on each axial end of the rotor 5. In this embodiment, the fins 1206 are integral with the squirrel cage. An air inlet 1208 and an air outlet 1207, of tubular shape are carried locally by the spacer 61. The inlet 1208 is located in the lower part of the spacer 61 and the outlet 1207 in the upper part of the spacer, so that thanks to the fins 1206, a tangential type ventilation is created inside the electric machine 2, the air penetrating into the conduit 1208 to exit through the conduit 1207. Of course, the presence 1206 fins is not essential, ventilation may

  take place naturally between entry 1208 and exit 1207.

  This type of ventilation is not very noisy. Of course, one can mount in the air inlet 1208, generally in the form of a duct like the outlet 1207, a fan unit shown diagrammatically in 1209, allowing forced circulation of air between the inlet 1208 and the outlet 1207. This ventilation mode makes less noise at high speed and stops ventilation on demand. Thanks to the 1209 fan unit, we have good flow performance and ventilation allows to withstand high pressure drops. Of course, another fan unit can be placed in the outlet duct 1207, either in addition to that placed at the inlet, or in a unique manner. By fan unit 1209 is meant here an electric motor assembly driving a turbine wheel. This set is fixed inside the

  constituent pipes the inlet 1208 and the outlet 1207.

  Advantageously, a temperature sensor is placed in the vicinity of the reaction plate or the buns 8, being carried for example by the bell 14. This sensor controls the starting of the electric motor, and therefore of the turbine as a function of the temperature. to create forced ventilation through a channel delimited axially by the engine block 62 and by the reaction plate 4 and radially, by the spacer 61, the

  bell 14 and a crown 1210 of the engine block 62.

  Of course, it is evident from this figure 29, that it is possible not to modify the engine block 62 and the

  bell 14, only the spacer 62 being modified.

  In this figure 29, the spacer 61 advantageously has the shape of the fin spacer in Figure 21 and therefore comprises a pack of magnetic sheets constituted by a first series of standard sheets and by a second series of spacer sheets of external diameter different, these sheets having the

  same configuration at their internal periphery.

  The shape of the conduit 1207 or 1208 is visible in Figure 30.

  Each conduit 1207, 1208 comprising two half envelopes.

  Thus, in FIG. 30, we see the conduit 1207 formed by two half envelopes 1207a, 1207b assembled together using pins 1207c, each pin 1207c being inserted in a hole

  corresponding partner 1207d produced in the other envelope.

  The end of each envelope has a half base 1207e, each half base has two holes 1207g for fixing, for example, using screws or rivets from the fan assembly. Figure 31 shows this duct after locking between

them of the two half envelopes.

  Of course, the conduits can have a different shape as can be seen in FIGS. 32 and 33. The two half envelopes 1207a and 1207b being interconnected by a fine hinge 1112 made of synthetic material, like the envelopes 1207a, 1207b. The pins 1207c are carried by the half envelope 1207a and the holes 1207d by the half envelope 1207b. Each half-envelope has an upper part 1213, here bent at least 90 degrees, of rounded shape, the free end of which ends in a grid 1211. After the two half-envelopes are closed, a complete grid is formed, used in particular to avoid the penetration of outside agents. The fan unit is housed for example in the cavity 1214 formed

  in the lower part of each envelope.

  We see in Figure 34, schematically the spacer arrangement 61 - inlet 1208 - outlet 1207. To hold the air inlet and outlet pipes, there is no need for screws because said pipes 1208, 1207 are held embedded in the fins 183 and kept wedged between the engine block and the clutch housing We see in Figure 35 the mounting of the spacer 61 with its inlet 1208 and its outlet 1207 within the rotating electric machine, between the block motor 62 and the bell

clutch 14.

  An arrangement is thus created allowing forced ventilation without touching the motor unit 62 and also without touching the bell 14. The inlet 1208 and the air outlet 1207 are therefore made in the thickness of the spacer 62. From performance point of view, it is desirable to have the largest possible outside diameter of the stator. Thanks to the spacer of FIG. 31, the external diameter of the stator is obtained as high as possible while having good mechanical strength of the spacer thanks to the fact that it is constituted by two series of sheets, namely a first series of standard sheets 180 for forming the stator proper and a second series of sheets 181 of different external diameter. It suffices to locally remove the fins on the second series of plates 181 to

  house entrance 1208 and exit 1207.

  The fresh air will come to lick the stator and the buns.

  As will be understood, the input 1208 and the output 1207 of Figures 34 and 35 are oriented perpendicular to the direction

vehicle operation.

  Of course, it is possible to orient the parts 1213 so that the grids 1211 are oriented in the direction of travel of the vehicle. In this case, a filter is provided at the grid 1211 to prevent the penetration of impurities,

  soiling or the like inside the electric machine 2.

  This arrangement improves the cooling of the machine in

  the case where this does not include a fan motor.

  Of course, as visible in FIG. 36, the entry 1208 and 1207 are not necessarily diametrically opposite as in the preceding figures. For example, the input 1208 can be located near the fan unit associated with the cooling of the vehicle's heat engine. Entrance 1208 is therefore far from pollution from the road and is well ventilated. In light of FIG. 36, it can be seen that by orienting the inlet 1208 and the outlet 1207 generally at 90 degrees relative to each other, that it is possible to create a

tangential type breakdown.

  The inlet and the outlet are chosen to limit the zones of vortex fields which are not cooled. You can direct the input towards the output to obtain an amplifying effect. To avoid uncooled vortex zones, we can consider a tangential ventilation on two levels, the air inlets and outlets being placed side by side.

  dimension by being axially offset from each other.

  It will be appreciated that it is advantageous for the input 1208 to be placed in front of the vehicle fan unit because in the event of overheating of the heat engine, the fan unit starts up, which corresponds to the cooling requirement of the 'alternator-starter. This vehicle fan unit is started by a thermostat placed in the vehicle cooling circuit. This thermostat can be used to control the start-up of a turbine fan assembly placed in the inlet and / or outlet

air 1207, 1208.

  In the case of ventilation with fins placed on the flywheel 13 or on the rotor 5 above, it is necessary to optimize the parameters for a good compromise between noise and ventilation efficiency. Thus, it is necessary to play on the dimension of the fins (height, width) on the type of fins (convex, straight, concave), reduce the outside diameter to the minimum necessary, play on the number of fins and possibly on the angular distribution asymmetrical fins. These fins can be obtained from foundry, from overmoulding or be fixed by gluing, welding,

screwing, shrinking etc ...

  Of course, with a spacer used for fixing by shrinking the stator it is possible to provide ventilation through openings formed in local protuberances or protuberances of the spacer. These openings do not

  thus not jeopardize the mechanical strength of the spacer.

  In Figure 23, we see in 201, a pin engaged in a centering hole 185 of the spacer 61, and in 202, a centering sleeve also engaged in the same hole 185. The pin 201 is integral with the engine block 62 while the centering sleeve 202 is integral with the clutch housing 14 also called the clutch housing. By means of bearing 132, the relative beats between the rotor 6 and the stator 5 are limited, which guarantees a precise air gap. However, due to the presence of the pins 201 and the sockets 202, static radial forces persist due to the offset of the engine block by

compared to the nose of the crankshaft.

  In addition, the fact of pressing the spacer 61 against the block

  motor 62 drives static axial forces.

  It is proposed to minimize these static forces. To minimize the static radial forces, the pins 201 in FIG. 23 are removed and the sockets 202 are kept.

  The anti-rotation is ensured by the through screws 64.

  Static axial forces are minimized by the use of rings 1462 on which the spacer 61 can slide. The length imposed between the motor housing 62 and the housing

  clutch is imposed by these centering rings 1462.

  Thus, the fixing members 64, in the form of a screw, pass through the spacer 61 (FIG. 37) and connect the engine block 62 to the clutch bell 14 shouldered at its free end for bearing the heads of the fixing screws. These screws pass through the centering rings 1462 themselves passing through a passage 461 of the spacer. These rings 1463 are axially longer than the spacer 61, that is to say that they extend in axial projection out of the spacer 61 and therefore form a spacer or spacer between the engine block 62 and the bell d clutch 14. Rings of elastic material 1463, such as

  the elastomer, are placed at each end of the spacer.

  The spacer 61 can therefore slide axially along the

  rings 1462 so that static forces are minimized.

  Of course, as visible at the top of FIG. 37 and in FIG. 38, the fixing members 64 may consist of bolts, the engine block then being supported, as visible in the upper part of FIG. 37. The ring 1462 then being extended in 1464 to form a centering pin for the bell 14. Of course, the casing 14 comprises at least one stepped hole 1465 for receiving respectively the pin 1464 and the head of the bolt screw. Of course, the number of pins 1464 depends on the applications and in practice, a reduced number of rings 1462 is equipped with such pins 1464. These rings 1462, acting as a spacer, are made of rigid material, such as steel for example . The spacer 61 has at each of the axial ends of a passage 461 a widening in diameter for the housing of the elastic ring 1463. The rings 1463 are therefore

* carried by the spacer.

  As a variant, the engine block 62 and the bell 14 are hollowed out locally to receive the elastic rings 1463. These rings can be connected together to form a crown and

thus create a seal.

  Alternatively, these elastic rings are mounted so

  individual around a centering ring 1462.

  As a variant (FIG. 38), the centering pins 1467 are distinct from the ring 1462. These pins 1467 consist of sockets engaged on the heads of the bolt screws and are individually each engaged in a stepped hole 1465 of the bell 14 and in a counterbore 1466 produced in the ring 1462. This counterbore 1466 is of course opposite the hole 1465 and is formed by means of an enlargement of the internal diameter of the ring 1462 at its free end concerned. Rings 1462

  filter vibrations.

  Thus, the centering on the cylinder block side is done by the bearing means 132, the centering on the gearbox side by pins 1464 or 1467, and the axial forces are compensated for by the degree of axial freedom provided by the centering rings 1462. Good of course, the blind holes 170 in FIG. 17 can be connected to vertical channels opening out to the external periphery of the spacer 46 to allow easy demolding of the

holes 170.

  Of course, the air inlets and outlets 1208, 1208 can consist of holes when the spacer is very thick.

  As is evident from the description and

  Figures, the central recess 39 allows access to the heads of the fixing screws of the drive wheel 13 on the shaft

  output 11 (crankshaft) of the vehicle's engine.

  In the figures, the spacer 61 is axially shorter

as the steering wheel 13.

  The load-bearing part, for example, the flange 193 has a shape

  hollow to partially house the stator and the rotor.

  This bearing part can carry at its internal periphery the stator, the rotor, carried by the flywheel 13, then surrounding the stator. It is thus possible to reverse the structures at the

figure 12.

  Torsional damper may not get into

the central recess.

  Of course, the rotors of Figures 1 and following can be provided with at least one series of fins 1206. The flywheel 13 of these figures can be provided with fins and or holes as in Figures 5 and 27. It is possible to combine this type of cooling with that of Figures 13, 14. All combinations are possible. Alternatively, the support 21 is rigidly coupled to the hub 15 so that the presence of a torsional damper

it's not mandatory.

Claims (37)

  1. A friction clutch device comprising, on the one hand, a rotary drive wheel (13) having a front end intended to be fixed to a driving shaft (11), constituted by the output shaft of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle comprising an engine block (62), and a rear end in the form of a reaction plate (4) of hollow form with a central recess (39) delimited externally by a friction face (37 ), and on the other hand, a friction disc (20), comprising at its external periphery at least one friction lining (16) for contact with the friction face (37) of the reaction plate (4), said lining friction (16) being secured to a support (21) coupled to a central hub (15) intended to be secured in rotation to a driven shaft, constituted by the input shaft of a movement transmission box comprising a clutch bell (14) surrounding at least part of the plate reaction (4) characterized in that the drive wheel (13) carries between its front and rear ends the rotor (6) of a rotary electric machine (2) comprising a fixed stator (5) and in that a spacer (61) internally carries the stator, said spacer being intended to be secured to at least one of the engine block elements (62) - clutch housing (14).   2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacer (61) carries means for cooling the electric machine (2).   3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cooling means consist of fins   (183) carried by the spacer (61).   4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the spacer (61) is in one piece with one of the   engine blocks (62) - clutch housing (14).   5. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the spacer (61) is interposed between the engine block (62) and the clutch housing (14) and has means for   fixing to the engine block (62) and to the clutch housing (14).   6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the spacer (61) .is integral with the stator (5) 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the monobloc spacer assembly (61) - stator (5) consists of a first (180) and a second (181) series of sheets of different external diameters and in that the second series of sheets (181), forming the spacer (61), is further   larger diameter than the first series of sheets (180).   8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the second series of sheets has a plurality of fins separated by grooves (187) providing access to the first series of sheets.   9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the sheets of the two series are interconnected by weld beads (188) made in the bottoms of at least some grooves (187).   10. Device according to any one of claims 7 to   9 characterized in that the first series of sheets (180) extends axially on either side of the second series of sheets (181).   11. Device according to any one of claims 7 to   characterized in that the two series of sheets have the same configuration at their internal periphery which has notches dedicated to receiving the winding that the stator.   12. Device according to any one of claims 1 to   , characterized in that bearing means (132) intervene between the drive wheel (13) and a part   carrier (134, 193) integral with the spacer (61).   13. Device according to claims 12 characterized in that   that the bearing means (132) consist of a rolling bearing balls (132).   14. Device according to claims 12 characterized in that   that the ball bearing (132) is instrumented.   15. Device according to any one of claims 12   to 14, characterized in that the supporting part consists of a flange (193) provided with recesses into which penetrate projections of the engine block (62).   16. Device according to any one of claims 12   in 15 characterized in that the rotor (5) carries a ring-shaped target intended to pass in front of a detection means (610)   secured to the supporting part (193).   17. Device according to claims 16 characterized in that   that the detection means (610) is inclined relative to the axis   (X-X) of the electric machine (2).   18. Friction clutch device according to any one   of claims 1 to 17 characterized in that the steering wheel   drive (13) carries cooling means for   cooling of the electric machine (2).   19. Device according to claim 18 characterized in that the cooling means (1200, 1201, 1202) consist into fins.   20. Device according to claim 19 characterized in that the fins are carried by the reaction plate (4) and extend radially above the air gap (7) present between the rotor (6) and the stator (5).   21. Device according to claim 20 characterized in that a clearance (65) is made in the engine block for an air inlet and in that the air outlet is made in the clutch bell (14).   22. Device according to claim 19 characterized in that   that the fins are carried by the rotor (5).   23. Device according to any one of claims 1 to   22 characterized in that the spacer (61) carries an inlet air (1208).   24. Device according to any one of claims 1 to   23 characterized in that the spacer (61) carries an outlet air (1207).   25. Device according to claims 23 and 24 characterized   in that the inputs (1208) and the outputs (1207) consist of conduits.   26. Device according to claim 25 characterized in that an electric motor - turbine wheel assembly is mounted at   the interior of at least one of the conduits.   27. Device according to claim 25 or 26 characterized in that at least one of the conduits (1207, 1208) has a part of rounded shape.   28. Device according to any one of claims 1 to   27 characterized in that the clutch housing (14) is centered by the spacer (61) and in that the spacer (61) is integral with a carrier part (134, 193) and in that means bearing (132) intervene between the bearing part and the flywheel for centering of the spacer by the driving wheel.   29. Device according to claim 28 characterized in that the spacer (61) is crossed by a centering ring (1462) and in that the centering ring (1462) is longer axially than the spacer (61).   30. Device according to claim 29 characterized in that rings of elastic material (1463) are placed at each end of the spacer (1462).   31. Device according to claim 30 characterized in that some of the centering rings (1462) are extended to form a centering pin (1464) engaged in a stepped hole (1465) from the bell (14).   32. Device according to claim 30 characterized in that centering sleeves (1467) are engaged in a stepped hole (1465) of the bell (14) and in a countersink of the ring centering (1462).   33. Device according to any one of claims 1 to   32 characterized in that it comprises a wear take-up device (151) to compensate at least the wear of said friction lining (16).   34. Device according to claim 33 characterized in that it comprises a diaphragm (18, 22) interposed between the pressure plate (17) and a cover (19) integral with the reaction plate (4), in that the diaphragm is supported on the ramp ring and in that said wear take-up device comprises a cassette carried by the cover (19) and having a set (152) of worm and clean ratchet wheel respectively, to be driven in rotation the ramp ring (156) and to be driven by a control tongue (157) subjected to the action of an actuator (158) consisting of a radial appendage   presented by the diaphragm (18, 22) at its outer periphery.   35. Device according to any one of claims 1 to   34 characterized in that the friction clutch comprises a diaphragm (18,22) and in that the diaphragm (18,22) has fingers (22) operated by a declutching device (24) of the hydraulic type comprising a cavity (243) provided with a supply inlet (128) connected to a rigid conduit (127) comprising an internal part extending transversely inside the clutch housing (14) to engage with the supply inlet (128) and in that said bell has a clearance (150) for the passage of the rigid conduit (127).   36. Device according to any one of claims 1 to   35 characterized in that the drive flywheel has additions of material (172) and / or notches (171) such as openings (177) to counteract the imbalance of the crankshaft of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and / or balance the drive wheel   37. Device according to any one of claims 1 to   36, characterized in that the support (21) is coupled resiliently by means of a torsion damper (20a) to the hub (15) and in that the torsion damper (20a) enters the central recess of the plate reaction (39).