FR2777319A1 - EXHAUST PURIFICATION DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an exhaust gas purification device comprising partitions (4) arranged in a cylindrical pipe (2), tubular nozzles (5) mounted on the partitions, the upstream side (U) of the pipe (2). ) being connected to the exhaust pipe (1) of an internal combustion engine, a connecting pipe (8) provided with an exhaust port (6) and an air suction device (7 ) and connected to a front end of the pipe (2), and a sedimentation part (9) formed in a lower portion thereof. When the exhaust gases pass from the upstream side (U) to the downstream side (D) of the pipe (2), where the pressure is reduced, the water vapor they contain is rapidly cooled and liquefied and hazardous substances present. in the exhaust gases are dissolved in the liquid and settle.

Description

Device for purifying exhaust gases, in particular engines with

  internal combustion The present invention relates, in general, to an exhaust gas cleaning device and, in particular, to a device for cleaning exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine mounted on a motor vehicle or installed in a factory. Exhaust gases containing nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfates (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and similar substances are emitted into the atmosphere from vehicle engines

automobiles, for example.

  These substances emitted into the atmosphere are dangerous substances which considerably harm ecosystems. Studies have therefore been carried out with the aim of eliminating hazardous substances as much as possible, which is however technically difficult to achieve, and no effective countermeasures have yet been proposed. Technical problems must be resolved to eliminate as much as possible the hazardous substances emitted from internal combustion engines, and this

  The object of the invention is precisely to solve these problems.

  To achieve the above object and according to one of the aspects of the present invention, there is provided an exhaust gas cleaning device, characterized in that the exhaust gases produced by an internal combustion engine are brought to a reduced pressure through tubular nozzles, and the water vapor contained in the exhaust gases transferred to a reduced pressure environment is rapidly cooled and liquefied, so that dangerous substances present in the exhaust gases exhaust are dissolved and settle

  in the liquid so that it can be eliminated.

  According to particular features of the present invention, the exhaust gas cleaning device comprises partitions arranged in an intermediate part of a cylindrical pipe, several tubular nozzles mounted on the partitions so as to protrude on either side. 'other of these, the upstream side of the cylindrical pipe in which the tubular nozzles are mounted being connected to an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, a connecting pipe provided with a discharge orifice and d 'an air suction device and connected to a front end on the downstream side of the cylindrical pipe, and a liquefied substance sedimentation part formed in a lower portion of the cylindrical pipe, on the downstream side, and in that, when the gases exhaust introduced into the cylindrical pipe, upstream side, pass on the downstream side of it where the pressure is reduced thanks to the air suction device, the steam of e to the contained in the exhaust gas is quickly cooled and liquefied, hazardous substances contained in the exhaust gas are dissolved in the liquid and settle, and the purified exhaust gas is emitted into the atmosphere via of the discharge opening. The foregoing, as well as other objects, features and advantages of the present invention,

  will emerge more clearly from the detailed description

  following of a preferred embodiment given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a plan view, partially broken away, showing main parts of the preferred embodiment of the present invention ; and Figure 2 is a front view showing part of Figure 1, in which tubular nozzles are

mounted.

  The preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to Figures 1 and 2 in which the reference number 1 designates an exhaust pipe mounted on a motor vehicle or installed in a factory and through which exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine are emitted. A cylindrical pipe 2 is connected to the exhaust pipe 1 by a connector 3. Partitions 4 are mounted inside an intermediate part of the cylindrical pipe 2 to define an upstream side U and a downstream side D in the passage of the exhaust gas. A number of tubular nozzles 5 fixed to the partitions 4 extend from the upstream side U towards the downstream side D. The exhaust gases therefore pass from the exhaust pipe 1 to the upstream side U of the cylindrical pipe 2 and are transferred to the downstream side D passing through the tubular nozzles 5. The partitions 4 and the tubular nozzles 5 fixed to them can be made of a ceramic material in the form of a structure

  monobloc fulfilling substantially the same function.

  A connection pipe 8 is connected by a connection 3a to the front end of the downstream side D of the cylindrical pipe 2, connection pipe 8 which has a discharge opening 6 in its front part and an air suction device 7 which may consist of a fan or similar device for forcing air to reduce the pressure on the downstream side D. A liquefied substance sedimentation part 9 is formed in the lower portion of the downstream side D of the cylindrical pipe 2. When the exhaust gases pass from the upstream side U to the downstream side D where the pressure is reduced, the water vapor which they contain is rapidly cooled and liquefied. Therefore, in the exhaust gas cleaning device of the present invention, hazardous substances, such as NOx, SOx, HC, CO, for example, present in the exhaust gas dissolve in the liquid (H20 ) and are deposited in the part of

  sedimentation of liquefied substance 9.

  In fact, in addition to HC, CO, NOx and SOx, the exhaust gases emitted by the internal combustion engine also contain H20 water vapor. The exhaust gases containing these elements are introduced into the cylindrical pipe 2, upstream side, and arrive at the inlet of the tubular nozzles 5, whereby the water vapor H20 and elements such as HC, CO, NOx and SOx are introduced into the tubular nozzles 5 while being mixed with each other. The tubular nozzles 5 have a small diameter and therefore the exhaust gases pass through them at high speed. In addition, the pressure is reduced inside the tubular nozzles 5. Consequently, during its passage through the tubular nozzles 5, the water vapor H2O is suddenly cooled and liquefied. The air present in the cylindrical pipe 2, downstream side D, is sucked in by the air suction device 7, and the pressure is further reduced in the cylindrical pipe 2, downstream side D. Consequently, the vapor d The water which has passed through the tubular nozzles 5, but which has not yet been liquefied, is rapidly cooled and practically liquefied by the time it enters the environment zone at reduced pressure. Dangerous elements, such as HC, CO, NOx and SOx, are dissolved in the H20 liquid and caused to settle in the liquefied substance sedimentation part 9 located in the lower zone. Consequently, these dangerous substances are eliminated very effectively from

  exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine.

  It is possible to pass the exhaust gases emitted by the internal combustion engine through a catalytic converter (not shown) to oxidize the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide using the catalyst, in order to carry out a chemical conversion of the noxious hydrocarbons in water vapor H20 and in non-harmful carbon dioxide C02 which can then be introduced at the same time as the exhaust gases into the cylindrical pipe 2, upstream side U. In this case, the quantity of vapor d water increases and enters the cylindrical pipe 2, downstream side D,. passing through the tubular nozzles 5, which allows to obtain significant quantities of liquid H20. Consequently, the CO2 mixed or dissolved in the liquid H20, and the elements HC, CO, NOx and SOx which have not yet been chemically converted through the catalytic converter, are efficiently deposited together with the liquid in the part sedimentation of liquefied substance 9 provided in the lower zone to be stored there. The mixture stored in the liquefied substance sedimentation part 9 can be extracted and treated appropriately. A crosslinked element 10 can be stretched on the downstream side D of the cylindrical pipe 2 just after the liquefied substance sedimentation part 9, so that the liquid is deposited as much as possible in the latter. The liquefied substance sedimentation part

9 is removably mounted.

  The reference number designates a branch pipe. When the exhaust gases supplied from the exhaust pipe 1 to the upstream side U of the cylindrical pipe 2 cannot be entirely treated by the purification device of the present invention, but remain in the cylindrical pipe 2, side upstream U, the excess exhaust gas can be discharged into the atmosphere via the bypass pipe 11, or delivered to another cylindrical pipe 2a in which a purification device according to the present invention is installed and which is connected to the bypass pipe 11 to treat the excess exhaust gas. The exhaust gas cleaning device of the present invention can be of the single-stage, two-stage or multi-stage type. In this case, the hazardous substances can be extracted more

  efficiently exhaust fumes.

  This embodiment of the present invention relates to a device in which the exhaust gases emitted by the internal combustion engine are supplied to the upstream side U of the cylindrical pipe 2. The exhaust gases circulate through the tubular nozzles 5 of the device purification then pass downstream side D. Here, the air downstream side D is sucked by the air suction device 7 at a speed higher than that at which the exhaust gases are supplied from the upstream side U and, consequently, a reduced pressure regime is established on the downstream side D. When the exhaust gases pass through the tubular nozzles 5 and pass on the downstream side D, the water vapor present in these exhaust gases is rapidly cooled and liquefied, and the H20 liquid is stored in the liquefied substance sedimentation part 9 located at the level of the lower portion. The above-mentioned dangerous substances contained in the exhaust gases are dissolved in the H20 liquid and are deposited in the sedimentation part 9 together with the H20 liquid. Consequently, hazardous substances are efficiently extracted from exhaust gases which pass through the downstream side D and which, after purification, can be discharged into the atmosphere by

  through the discharge opening 6 provided at the front.

  Sediment can be extracted and treated according to the

chosen way.

  In accordance with the present invention described above, substances such as HC, CO, NOx and SOx contained in the exhaust gases emitted by an internal combustion engine can be effectively eliminated thanks to the present purification device installed in the cylindrical pipe, which makes it possible to eliminate as far as possible the harmful effects on the ecosystems of the exhaust gases emitted by internal combustion engines mounted on motor vehicles or installed

in factories.

  Although the previous description focused on a

  preferred embodiment of the present invention,

  this is of course not limited to the particular example described and illustrated here and those skilled in the art will readily understand that it is possible to make numerous variants and modifications to it without departing from the scope

of the invention.

Claims (2)

  1. Exhaust gas cleaning device, characterized in that the exhaust gases produced by an internal combustion engine are caused to pass at a reduced pressure through tubular nozzles (5), and the vapor of water (H20) contained in the exhaust gases transferred to a reduced pressure environment is rapidly cooled and liquefied, so that dangerous substances (NOx, SOx, HC, CO) contained in the exhaust gases are dissolved and deposited in the   liquid, so that it can be eliminated.   2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises partitions (4) arranged in an intermediate part of a cylindrical pipe (2), several tubular nozzles (5) mounted on the partitions so as to project from on either side of these, the upstream side (U) of the cylindrical pipe (2) in which the tubular nozzles (5) are mounted being connected to an exhaust pipe (1) of an internal combustion engine , a connection pipe (8) provided with a discharge orifice (6) and an air suction device (7) and connected to a front end on the downstream side (D) of the cylindrical pipe (2 ), and a liquefied substance sedimentation part (9) formed in a lower portion of the cylindrical pipe, downstream side (D), and in that, when the exhaust gases supplied in the cylindrical pipe (2), upstream side (U), pass on the downstream side (D) thereof where the pressure is reduced thanks to the air suction device (7), the va fear of water (H20) contained in the exhaust gases is rapidly cooled and liquefied, dangerous substances (NOx, SOx, HC, CO) contained in the exhaust gases are dissolved in the liquid and are deposited, and the purified exhaust gases are emitted into the atmosphere through the orifice evacuation (6).