FR2777103A1 - Dummy for training first-aid workers in stretcher bearing techniques - Google Patents

Abstract

The dummy has a flat plywood torso (2) in five sections connected by hinges (3), forming the shoulders, chest, abdomen and pelvis, and fitted with PVC cylinders (1) representing the thorax and abdomen. The head, arms and legs are made from other PVC cylinders (4,5,7) of different diameters, connected by hinges (6), and gaps can be filled with foam padding. The dummy can be painted e.g. in a satin-finish sand colour to reinforce its human appearance.

Description

The present invention relates to a mannequin intended for stretcher training for first aid teams.

Indication of the technical field of the invention
Caring for victims is hardly conceivable without a first quality link.

The efficiency of the care chain depends on its initial phase, and in particular on the relief (location of the injured person, situation analysis, release, alert, check-ups, first aid, stretcher).

The instruction of the stretcher bearers therefore requires a mastery of stretcher techniques conditioned by the injury (type, location, incidences).

The rescuer must learn, train and master with rigor and speed these life-saving gestures and then know how to complete his action by fitting specific materials (splints, gutters, oxygen masks, etc ...)
The crossing of obstacles by the group of first aid stretcher bearers is an important stage in their training. Guarantor of good coordination, emphasizing the role of the team leader, team members, allowing a realistic approach to the situations, difficulties, dangers of the terrain encountered, stretcher training, refined by the
knowledge of appropriate boarding techniques (ambulances, planes, helicopters, sanitary trains), deserves some attention.

Indication of the state of the prior art highlighting the technical problem Dosed
In any training exercise in first aid, one of the participants may play the role of the victim, but to the detriment of his own instruction or the group of apparatus to which he belongs. It is also exposed to the risk of falls or improper handling on the part of learners. In addition, in the context of such training, using an inert body is an educational obligation. Different devices could be used without any having really combined all the desired qualities.

Thus, a simple sandbag, if it is interesting for its cost, its mass or its relative robustness, is on the contrary disappointing in view of its lack of realism, the impossibility of the postures or its low weather resistance.

In the same vein, it is clear that the mannequins made of a flexible envelope of human appearance, weighted with sand, are unrealistic as regards the behavior of their members or their trunk: the absence of limited articulations and rigidity of the segments leads to surprising attitudes. Furthermore, the materials required to produce an envelope of this type are expensive and difficult to work, involving the use of specialized labor and equipment.

Statement of the invention
The simulation required for any training here involves the use of a mannequin that meets certain characteristics as much as possible:
to be the closest to an existing real victim * a mass close to that of an average adult (man / woman), a child, a baby.

* a load distribution as close as possible to the reality of a human body.

* a realistic aspect allowing greater involvement of stakeholders.

* rigidity of the limb and trunk segments.

* joints with amplitudes close to that of a human being, allowing postures adapted to injuries:
- lateral safety position (PLS - airway release: mouth to the ground)
- half-sitting position (chest wound)
- bent legs position (abdomen wound)
- raised leg position
- monitoring of the head / neck / trunk / legs axis (straightness of the spine).

* an absence of overall tone, reproducing the behavior of unconscious victims.
be adapted to the environment of its use * robustness allowing it to resist shocks and falls during training.

* resistance to climatic conditions and extreme situations (rain, wind, sun, mud, dust, snow but also prolonged immersion in the context of drowning). For firefighting situations, the mannequin should be dressed in a flame retardant suit, failing replacement of the PVC tubes with materials more resistant to high temperatures (metallic or other type).
be adapted to an affordable budget * low acquisition cost.

* maintenance available to all users.

* a very long service life due to the reliability of the materials used.

The present invention meets these qualities in total safety during the instruction, because it concerns a very resistant mannequin, produced according to an original concept.

Founded on a frame of PVC pipes, its members, its trunk, its head and its neck are articulated, thus making it possible to carry out any setting in posture.

The distribution of its ballast is stabilized.

Its construction, robustness and maintenance do not experience any significant difficulties.

Its manufacturing cost is not the least of its advantages.

His baptismal name could be ALBERT. 1st:
.A for Educational Aid
. L for Ballasted
BB for stretcher
. E for Economic
. R for Robust
TT for Tactical
.ler for 1st model
The stretcher training is easy and realistic and will suit the greatest number.

# Detailed presentation of an embodiment
The length of the elements is variable depending on the desired mannequin size (man, woman, child, baby). The description below corresponds to an adult male measuring I m 82 and weighing 73 kg.

 The materials used (dimensions expressed in millimeters - metallic parts treated with anti-rust).

* PVC tubes, water drainage type:
. diameter 080: 1 linear meter
. diameter 100: 1 linear meter
. diameter 125: 1 linear meter
* Threaded PVC sleeves:
diameter 050: 2
diameter 080: 8
diameter 100: 9
.-diameter 125: 10
* PVC pads:
diameter 050: 4
diameter 080: 8
. diameter 100: 9
diameter 125: 10
* PVC reducer 160 - 100: 1
* PVC glue: 1 tube
* Hinges:
. standard: 9
. American: 13
* Bolts with nuts:
. 6 x 25:50
. 8 x 50: 10
* Padding foam
* 10 x 50 rubberized piece. Thickness 5.

* Exterior plywood of 18: 1 m2
* Paint / varnish: 1 kg
* Ballast: 55 kg (sand, earth ...)
Approximate cost of materials: 1,500 Francs
The assembly
Each PVC element which must contain ballast (sand or other type of ballast - figure 4).) Is glued and then hermetically closed by the sleeves (part 1) and plugs (part 2) of suitable diameter. This technique allows a fair distribution of weight in a harmonious and identical to that of the human body. The foam padding (Figure 5) gives body to the trunk (part I) and the abdomen (part 2) and fills the empty spaces of the knees (part 3), elbows (part 4) and shoulders (part 5) . A final painting of the satin sand color model reinforces this human aspect.

The head (figure n01 - profile)
It is made up of the PVC reducer (part 1), height '260, within which is placed a PVC element of 125 (part 2) height. The right / left rotation is obtained by angle limiters: screws fixed on hollowed out windows at the base of the neck over a width of 10 and a length of 80 (piece 7).

The neck (figure 1)
Composed of a PVC element of 100 (piece 3), height 50, fixed on a hinge (piece 5) associated with a rubberized resistance (piece 6), this set reproduces the sagittal movements of the cervical spine (tilt of the head back and forward). On the other hand, associated with a plywood disc (piece 4) of diameter 120 fixed to the back of the trunk, it thus reproduces the frontal movements (rocking of the head on the right or on the left).

The trunk (Figure 2)
It is composed of two PVC elements of 125 (piece 1), height 160, fixed on a plywood frame of 18 (piece 2) of parallelepiped shape, base at the top (350x500x250). This frame is cut into 5 parts, each cutting angle of which has been broken by 45C to allow greater articulation. Each of these parts is connected by an American hinge (piece 3), reproducing the flexion-extension movements of the spine.

The upper limbs (fiRure 3 - profile)
The hand: (part 1) composed of the assembly of 2 PVC pads and 1 PVC sleeve of 50 connected to the forearm by a bolt reproducing the prono-supination movements (left / right rotation).

The forearm: (part 2) composed of a PVC 80 tube, length 270, connected to the arm by a hinge (piece 3) reproducing the elbow and its flexion-extension movements
The arm: (part 4) composed of a PVC 100 element, length 200. It is connected to the shoulder by a hinge identical to part 3
. The shoulder: composed of a plywood disc (piece 5) of diameter 120, centered on a bolt (piece 6) fixed to the trunk (piece 7) serving as an abduction-adduction axis, while a hinge identical to part 3 is fixed to it to reproduce the ante-retropulsion movements.

The lower limbs figure 2) - identical mounting technique if that of the upper limbs
The whole ankle: (piece 4) composed of a PVC element of 80, length250 connected to the leg by a bolt reproducing the movements of prono-supination.

 The leg: (part 5) composed of a PVC element of 100, length 280, connected to the thigh (part 7) by a hinge (part 6) reproducing the knee and its flexion-extension movements.

 Thigh . (part 7) composed of a PVC element of 125, length 300 connected to the hip on the same principle as the leg.

 The hip: (part 8) composed of a 120 mm plywood disc centered on a bolt serving as an axis connected to the trunk and allowing the movements of abductionadduction (left / right). On this disc is fixed a hinge connected to the thigh allowing flexion-extension movements.

The scenario
* Illustration of the different achievable positions
As of the next generation, the gain in realism and security is significant. The mobility and robustness of the manikin's joints give full freedom in the realization of the postures usually performed in stretcher:
Installation of splints: it is possible to use various splints, including those reputed to be delicate.

. Lateral Security Position
. Respect for the head-neck-trunk axis and fitting of a cervical collar.

Half seated position
The obstacles usually used in training are crossed with realism and security.

The use of equipment is made more convincing, with splints or even with the fitting of an oxygen mask.

* Terms of use
As far as safety is concerned, the damage possibly suffered by the manikin during training sessions is, of course, out of all proportion to that which a human being would suffer. Insensitive to bad weather, the mannequin does not therefore see its use reduced by the ground conditions.

The model A.L.B.E.R.T. ler meets the requirements of the rescuer's training mission.

Industrial application
The study and the first exercises carried out with this type of mannequin made it possible to highlight certain qualities:
* Adaptability in size, mass and clothing,
* the lowest cost,
* the realism of the general aspect and the postures obtained,
* robustness,
* ease of construction, maintenance, as well as service life.

These conclusions coincide with an increased demand for the teaching of first aid in our society, be it professional first aid (firefighters, civil protection, army, hospitals), road first aid, occupational first aid and first aid for the general public. through associations with limited budgets.

Such a product in its excellent benefit / cost ratio should be very successful with a diverse range of organizations.

Claims (1)

The mannequin presented (Figure 2) constitutes an educational support intended for the stretcher training of the first aid teams. Its properties are its robustness, its resistance to different training situations, its scalable size, its adaptable ballast, its postures identical to those of a human being, its ease of construction, its low cost and its lifespan. It is characterized by two PVC elements (figure 2-piece 1) fixed on a plywood frame (figure 2-piece 2) thus simulating the thorax This frame is cut into 5 parts articulated by American hinges (figure 2-piece 3 ). The realization of the members proceeds from the same principle as regards the arms and the legs: The wooden frame of the thorax is connected (at height of the shoulders and the hips) by a bolt (figure 3-piece 6) centered on a plywood disc (figure 3-piece 5), itself fixed by a hinge (figure 3-piece 3) to the PVC pipe (figure 3-piece 4). The forearms, arms or thigh, leg, foot-ankle assembly, are respectively united to each other by the same principle of hinge (Figure 3-part 3) connecting PVC elements calibrated in length and diameter. This set simulates the different joints. Each PVC element contains the ballast, harmoniously distributed and hermetically closed by the sleeves (figure 4-piece 1) and the plugs (piece 2 figure 4). The head, composed of a PVC reducer (figure 1-piece 1) itself accommodating an element PVC for ballast (figure 1-piece2), has a realistic rotation thanks to the angle limiters (figure 1-piece 7). It adapts to a new PVC element (figure 1-piece 3) fixed on a hinge and endowed with a rubberized resistance (figure 1-piece 6) to respect the sagittal movements of the cervical spine. Associated in addition with a plywood disc (figure 1-piece 4), it allows frontal movements. The foam padding (Figure 5) and the painting reinforces this human aspect.