FR2748631A1 - Algae composition increasing cellular permeability of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

A composition (I) for increasing the cellular permeability of plants comprises (a) a water-soluble liquid extract of algae, (b) algal flour and (c) a lipophilic complex.

Description

COMPOSITION FOR INCREASING PERMEABILITY
CELLULAR PLANTS AND USES THEREOF
The present invention relates to a composition for increasing the cell permeability of plants and its uses as an adjuvant for contact or systemic fungicides and herbicides.

 In agriculture, very large quantities of plant protection products are used annually, including herbicides and fungicides.

 Awareness of environmental problems, especially water pollution, is leading to the search for new, more environmentally friendly plant protection products and at the same time trying to reduce the quantities of current products used per hectare. .

 However, this last attempt comes up against a problem. Indeed the phytosanitary products are really effective only above a certain dosage per hectare, which is not necessarily compatible with environmental standards, the latter being more and more draconian.

 In addition, the high cost of herbicide and fungicide products is known.

 In addition, the use of algae and their derivatives, particularly in agriculture, has been developing for some 20 years. This is explained by the fact that it is a non-polluting and widely available raw material on the French coasts.

 Thus, algae are used as fertilizers, plant growth promoters, etc.

 The present invention aims in particular to solve the problems described above by proposing a composition based on algae.

 Thus, the Applicant has found that a composition comprising a water soluble liquid extract of algae, an algae meal, water and a lipophilic complex, had the property of increasing the cell permeability of the plants.

 Particularly advantageously, the "lipophilic complex" consists of a mixture of parafinic and naphthenic mineral oils emulsifiable in water.

Moreover, according to certain advantageous but non-limiting characteristics of this composition:
- it also includes a conservator;
- the preservative is formalin
- the algae of the extract and the flour are of the same family;
The extract and the flour are obtained from the same algae;
the algae are chosen from those of the genus Laminaria, Fucus and
Ascophylum;
the algae are chosen from Laminaria Digitata, Laminaria Hyperborea, Larninaria Saccharina and Laminaria Flexicaulis;
- it includes (percentages by weight):
-5 to 40% of extract: - 5 to 10% flour;
- 5 to 30% of lipophilic complex;
0 to 2% of preservative, the complement to 100% consisting of
by water.

Preferably, the composition comprises (percentages by weight):
- 10% extract; -8% defarine;
- 10% lipophilic complex; - 2% formalin;
- 70% water.

 The invention also relates to the use of such a composition as an adjuvant for a contact or systemic fungicide and a contact or systemic herbicide.

 According to an advantageous characteristic, the composition is added at a rate of 1000 g to 3000 g / ha.

 The applicant has observed a synergistic effect between the composition and the fungicide or the herbicide so that, for a result identical to those obtained with the fungicide or the herbicide alone, it is possible to reduce their dosage by 40 to 80%. if they are mixed with the composition according to the invention.

 Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description and the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments thereof.

On these drawings
- Figure 1 is a histogram illustrating the action of different dosages of a fungicide in combination or not with the composition of the invention, on the percentage of green foliage of thesée soft wheat;
- Figure 2 is also a histogram illustrating the action of different assays of a herbicide in combination or not with the composition of the invention, on the percentage of wild oat destruction.

The composition according to the invention comprises:
a water-soluble liquid extract of algae;
- a seaweed meal;
a lipophilic complex;
- some water;
and, preferentially, a preservative.

I - CONCENTRATED HYDROSOLUBLE LIQUID EXTRACT OF ALGAE
It is a concentrated extract obtained in the usual way from seaweed.

 Thus, a method of obtaining such an extract consists, first of all, in drying thalli of fresh algae, for example at low temperature (below 40 ° C.) under vacuum or otherwise, or in a natural manner.

 They are then put in water baths so that the water-soluble elements of the algae pass into the aqueous phase.

 The latter is then concentrated, for example by evaporation.

 It is also possible to purify, in particular by centrifugation, in order to rid the extract of cellular residues.

This extract is obtained for example from algae of the genus Laminana,
Fucus and Ascophyllum or mixtures thereof.

The genus Laminaria is particularly preferred and in particular algae
Laminaria Di gitata, Laminaria Hyperborea, Laminaria Saccharin and Laminaria
Flexicaulis.

 As an indication, 20 kg of fresh seaweed are required to obtain 1 kg of liquid extract.

 The following is an average analysis of an extract of Laminaria Digitata.

PHYSICAL ANALYSIS
Appearance: fairly fluid concentrate of light brown color; slightly cloudy (with little whitish deposit visible). Sweetish smell, slightly caramelized.

Density: at 20 ° C = 1.242
pH = 4.8
Resistivity = 15.5 Ohms / cm
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (Results expressed in grams per liter of raw product)
Humidity (Dean Stark) = 773,642
H20 + volatile substances = 780,224
Total solids = 461,776
Total mineral matter = 291,870
Total organic matter = 169,906
Volatiles = 6,583
Organic materials
Total nitrogen in N = 4,293
Protein equivalent (N x 6.25) = 26.392
Lipids (ethereal extract) = 0.789
Carbohydrates reducing Fehling's liquor:
Reducers = 2,683
Totals = 3,726
Fibers (crude fiber) = 0.199
Pigments (g-carotene) = Traces
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) = 0.025
Mannitol = 100,217
Laminarin = 44.302
Fucoldine = not dosed
Mineral materials
Nitric nitrogen (in N) = 0.296
Nitrogen nitrogen (in N) = 0.029
Ammonia nitrogen (in N) = 0.373
ANIONS CATIONS
Chlorides (Cl) 141.588 Silica (SiO2) 1.938
Total iodine (in I) 11,836 Sodium (Na) 22,803
Free iodine (I) 6,396 Potassium (K) 74,992
Iodides (KI) 15,475 Calcium (Ca) 2,323
Phosphates (P2O5) 3.552 Magnesium (Mg) 4.993
Sulfates (SO4) 11.302 Zinc (Zn) 0.062
Nitrates (NQ) 1,304 Copper (Cu) 0,005
Nitrites (NO2) 0.093 Cobalt (Co) 0.007
Carbonates (CO3) 0 Manganese (Mn) 0.001
Iron (Fe) 0.016
Boron (B) 0.002
Molybdenum (Mo) Traces
Presence of water soluble vitamins of the seaweed (A - B - C - D - E - K, etc.).

He - FLOUR OF ALGAE
It is an algae powder obtained by drying, grinding and possibly micronization.

 The algae are advantageously chosen from those described with reference to the extract.

 Preferably, the same alga is used as that of the extract.

 It is advantageously Laminaria Digitata.

 As an indication, it takes 7 to 10 kg of fresh seaweed to obtain 1 kg of flour.

The following are the results of the average analysis of a flour of
Laminaria Digitata.

Humidity% = 4
Fat% = 0.9
Acidity = 7
pH = 6.4
Total nitrogen content% = 7.5
Mineral matter% = 26.3
Iron ppm = 2000
Iron equivalent ppm = 1,500
Copper ppm = 7.5
Zinc ppm = 1
Manganese ppm = 26
Magnesium o = 55
Calcium o = 1.10
Phosphorus% = 0.2
Sodium o = 3.0
Potassium Loto = 6.5
Granulometry: 70% between 300 and 600 micrometers.

III - LIPHOPHILE COMPLEX
It is a mixture of several mineral oils with no phytotoxicity, namely a mixture of parafinic and naphthenic mineral oils emulsifiable in water. The content of aromatic polynuclear compounds is controlled as well as the very low degree of oxidation.

 This complex has a good emulsifying power resulting in good emulsion stability, good dispersion power and good wetting power.

 These functional properties will allow a good spreading and a good adhesion of the composition on the leaves of plants, thus slowing down its evaporation.

 The naphthenic and aromatic nuclei dissolve the cuticle. There is a slight dissolution of the cuticle that opens. This very lipophilic mixture remains attached to the cuticle from the first molecules forcing it to remain open.

 The excellent emulsifying power makes it possible to have a very stable oil-in-water type emulsion.

 All of these characters thus allow optimized penetration into the cuticle of the active ingredients of algal origin and, as will be seen later, phytosanitary.

IV - CONSERVATIVE
It is optional.

 In the case where it is present, a preservative compatible with plant growth is preferably used. This is for example formalin.

 The composition of the invention is obtained simply by mixing its various constituents.

 Their proportions may vary in a wide range of values.

However, the following proportions (percentages by weight) are preferred
. seaweed extract = 5 to 40%; . algae meal = 5 to 10%;
. lipophilic complex = 5 to 30%;
conservative = 0.5 to 2%, the 100% complement being formed
by water.

V - HIGHLIGHTS OF A SYNERGY PHENOMENON BETWEEN
THE DIFFERENT CONSTITUENTS OF THE COMPOSITION
TESTING WITH A KNOWN HERBICIDE
It is proposed to experiment each of the constituents of the composition and the composition itself in association with a known herbicide (Fusilade X2 from ICI).

We will call:
H: Fusilade X9 herbicide;
A: composition object of the present application (concentrated extract of
Laminaria + Laminaria flour + lipophilic complex + formalin +
water);
T: surfactant substances used to lower the tensions of
foliar cuticle surface and recommended by the manufacturer ofH;
E: concentrated extract of the water soluble fraction of Laminaria;
L: lipophilic complex identical to that contained in A, but used in
1 I / ha (whereas in A, it is brought into a concentration of
0.1501 / ha);
F: liquid concentrate extract and Laminaria flour used in A.

 An experiment is done by weeding wild oats in a field of protein peas.

Composition A is the following (percentages by weight)
- algae extract = 10%;
- seaweed meal = 8%;
lipophilic complex = 10%;
- 30% formalin = 2%;
water = 70%.

 This particular composition is used in all the tests that follow.

The results are given in the table below (average of 3 ratings) where 0 = null effect
10 = total destruction of wild oats.

<Tb>

<SEP> H <SEP> 0.7 <SEP> l / ha * <SEP> H <SEP> 0.41 / ha <SEP> H <SEP> 0.4 <SEP> liha <SEP> H <SEP> 0.4 <SEP> I / ha <SEP> H <SEP> 0.4 <SEP> I / ha <SEP> H <SEP> 0.41 / ha <SEP> H <SEP> 0.4 / ha
<tb><SEP> T <SEP> 0.1 <SEP>% <SEP> A <SEP> 1.51 <SEP> 1 / ha <SEP> E <SEP> 0.25 <SEP> liha <SEP> EO 51 / ha <SEP> L <SEP> I <SEP> l / ha <SEP> F <SEP> 0.5 <SEP> l / ha <SEP> A <SEP> 2.5 <SEP> 1 / ha <SEP>
<tb> J <SEP> + <SEP> 25 <SEP> 9 <SEP> 8.3 <SEP> 4 <SEP> 4.7 <SEP> 5 <SEP> 3.8 <SEP> 8.3
<tb> J <SEP> + <SEP> 48 <SEP> 9.7 <SEP> 9 <SEP> 6.3 <SEP> 6.7 <SEP> 7 <SEP> 5.8 <SEP> 8.3
<tb> * The proportions of H and T correspond to the recommended conditions of use
by the manufacturer of H, which are identical to those used in the conditions
approval.

These results highlight:
. The important synergy between each of the components of A which, taken separately, gives results often less than half those obtained when they are used together.

 . The potentiation of the actions of phytosanitary molecules (herbicides and fungicides). Indeed, the doses recommended by the manufacturers of photosanitary are lowered from 20 to 80% for a substantially identical efficiency.

VI - EXAMPLES AND RESULTS OF TESTS
1) WITH FUNGICIDES - TESTS ON WHEAT TENDER THESEE
A) Molecules tested
In order to control the main diseases of cereals (oidium, brown rust, septoria), the main triazoles approved have been tested alone or in combination with the composition of the invention, and this at two doses: the homologation dose (N) and this dose less 40% (0.6 x N).

The molecules tested were the following: prochloraz, flusilazole, cyproconazole, propyconazole, epoxiconazole, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, fenbucona
zole, fluzilazole, carbendazim, fenpropimorph tridemorph, procloraze fenpropidine,
propyconazole carbendazime, tebuconazole tridemorph, carbendazim.

B) Results: examples with tubeconazole
Two successive treatments are carried out at the following vegetative stages:
1) 1 to 2 knots;
2) beginning of heading.

The molecules and doses of use per hectare are as follows:
- treatment 1) Tebuconazole + Carbendazine + Tridemorph (respective
250 g, 150 g and 330 g, the total weight of these three products being called
at).

 treatment 2): Tebuconazole (250 g = b).

 We call N = a + b; moreover, when the composition A according to the invention is added, the dose X = 1500 g / hectare is used.

The results are as follows:

<tb><SEP> Products <SEP> Average <SEP> 4 <SEP> repetitions <SEP> ss <SEP><SEP> Variation <SEP> type
<tb><SEP> Qx / ha <SEP> Qx / ha <SEP>
<tb><SEP> Control <SEP> (t <SEP> 54.88 <SEP> 3.15 <SEP>
<tb><SEP> 1 <SEP> N <SEP> 76 <SEQ> 2.68
<tb><SEP> 2 <SEP> 0.6 <SEP> N <SEP> 70.50 <SEQ> 4.87
<tb> 3 <SEP> N + X <SEP> 83.50 <SEP> 2.12
<tb> 4 <SEP> O, 6N + X <SEP> 82.30 <SEP> 4.14 <SEP>
<Tb>

<SEP> Yield <SEP> qx / ha
<tb><SEP> Average <SEP> General <SEP> 73.44
<tb><SEP> Difference <SEP> type <SEP> 4.13
<tb> Coefficient <SEP> variation <SEP> 5.6
<tb> Coefficient <SEP> variation <SEP> 5.6
<tb><SEP> Proba <SEP> of <SEP> F <SEP> 69.56 <SEP>% <SEP>
<tb><SEP> Power <SEP> to <SEP> 5 <SEP>% <SEP> 99 <SEP>% <SEP>
<Tb>
Newmann test and Keuls threshold = 5%

<tb> Labels <SEP> Nloyennes <SEP> Homogeneous <SEP> Groups
<tb><SEP> 3 <SEP> 83.50 <SEP> A
<tb><SEP> 4 <SEP> 82.30 <SEP> A
<tb><SEP> i <SEP> 76.00 <SEP> A <SEP> B
<tb><SEP> 2 <SEP> 70.50 <SEP> B
<tb> Witness <SEP> if, 88 <SEP><SEP> c <SEP>
<Tb>
Qx = Quintals (*) = No treatment.

From these results, two trends emerge:
1) The addition of the algae composition improves the performance of the triazole used at full dose:
2) the addition of the algae composition associated with 60 Gc of the triazole dose retains the performance of the latter at full dose.

 These results measured by quintals at harvest are found in the visual notations made on F1 leaves in the course of vegetation, 55 days after the application of the products (the ratings measured the percentage of green foliage).

C) Other fungicidal molecules
Percentage of green foliage of wheat is noted 55 days after treatment.

The results are given on the histogram of FIG. 1, with the following legend:
1) Absence this treatment.

2) A first treatment with Fluzilazole + Fenproprimorph + Tridemor
phe + a second treatment with Fuzilazole;
3) Two treatments with Cyproconazole + Methyltiophanate;
4) Two treatments with Fluzilazole and Fenbuconazole;
N = dosage recommended by the distributor of the fungicide (s)
question;
X = 1500 g of the composition according to the invention.

 Again, it is found that the addition of the composition associated with 60% of the usual dose of fungicides can virtually maintain the performance thereof at full dose.

D) Specific case
Against the downy mildew of the vine (phytophtora, etc.), identical results were obtained by the combination of the composition with phosetyl aluminum.

2) WITH HERBICIDES
A) With the trakoxydime
The applications were carried out on wild oats found at the leaf stage at the beginning of tillering. The weather conditions during the applications were as follows: temperature = 8 ° C, hygronometry = 80%.

The results are given on the histogram of FIG. 2, with the following legend:
- the notes on the ordinate represent the percentage of plants described 45 days after treatment (1 = 10 o, 2 = 20%, etc.)
A = Tralkoxydime: 60 g / ha
B = Tralkoxydime: 120 g / ha
C = Tralkoxydime: 180 g / ha
D = Tralkoxydime: 300 g / ha
E = Tralkoxydime: 60 glha + composition according to the invention 2000g / ha
F = Tralkoxydim: 120 g / ha + composition according to the invention:
2000 g / ha
G = tralkoxydim: 180 g / ha + composition according to the invention:
2,000 g / ha
Logically, there is an increase in the effectiveness of Tralkoxydime as a function of the dose used to reach a satisfactory efficiency of 95% at the registered dose of 300 glha.

 The same results are obtained, ie 96% efficiency with only 180 g / ha of Tradlkoxydime associated with the product based on algae object of the invention.

B) With Fluazifop-P-Butyl
The same types of experimentation were conducted to destroy the wild oats (Avena fatua and Avena ludociviana). This active method used at 187 g / ha in a slurry in which 1% of Agral 90 was added (sales authorization No. 8 200 061) gave an efficiency of 95%, the same slurry but with 93.5 g per hectare of Fluazifop plus 1% of Agral 90 decreased to 55%, but if Fluazifop-P-butyl was 93.5 g / ha but Agral 90 was replaced by 2.5 1 of the composition based on algae, efficiency increased by 94%.

VII - HYPOTHESIS ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF THE COMPOSITION
It seems that the composition has a function which results in a double phenomenon:
modification of the surface tensions at the water / cuticle interfaces, resulting in a modification of the cell permeability;
- partial dissolution of the cuticle which, therefore, "opens".

 These two modes of action thus make it possible to obtain optimized penetration of the molecules of exogenous origin (herbicide, fungicide) so that the quantity to be used can be greatly reduced.

 The composition of the present invention makes use of algae which as such do not form a source of pollution.

 The quantities of phytosanitary products can be reduced, which helps to limit polluting discharges and reduce the price of crop treatment.

Claims (13)

 1. Composition for increasing the cellular permeability of plants, characterized in that it comprises a water-soluble liquid extract of algae, an algae meal, water and a lipophilic complex.  2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the lipophilic complex consists of a mixture of parafinic and naphthenic mineral oils emulsifiable in water.  3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises a solvent.  4. Composition according to claim 3, characterized in that said solvent is formaldehyde.  5. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the algae of said extract and said flour are of the same family.  6. Composition according to claim 5, characterized in that said extract and said flour are obtained from the same seaweed.  7. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said algae are selected from those of the genus Laminaria, Fucus, and Ascophylum.  8. Composition according to claim 7, characterized in that said algae are chosen from Laminaria Digitata, Laminaria Hyperborea, Laminaria Saccharina and Laminaria Flexicaulis.  9. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises (percentage by weight):  -5 to 40% of extract: -5 to 10% by weight;  - 5 to 30% of lipophilic complex;  -0 to 2% of preservative, the complement to 100% consisting of  the water.  10. Composition according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises (percentages by weight):  - 10% extract;  - 8% flour;  - 10% lipophilic complex; -30% deformol;  - 70% water.  11. Use of a composition according to one of claims 1 to 10 as an adjuvant for a contact or systemic fungicide.  12. Use of a composition according to one of claims 1 to 10 as an adjuvant for a contact or systemic herbicide.  13. Use according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that said composition is added at a rate of 1000 g to 3000 g / ha.