FR2727957A1 - Solar-powered water desalinator esp. for sea or brackish water - Google Patents

Solar-powered water desalinator esp. for sea or brackish water Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2727957A1
FR2727957A1 FR9415022A FR9415022A FR2727957A1 FR 2727957 A1 FR2727957 A1 FR 2727957A1 FR 9415022 A FR9415022 A FR 9415022A FR 9415022 A FR9415022 A FR 9415022A FR 2727957 A1 FR2727957 A1 FR 2727957A1
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Prior art keywords
water
evaporator
tubes
sensor
condenser
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Granted
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FR9415022A
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French (fr)
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FR2727957B1 (en
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SEJOURNE PIERRE DOMINIQUE
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SEJOURNE PIERRE DOMINIQUE
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Priority to FR9415022A priority Critical patent/FR2727957B1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Abstract

Desalinator consists of a housing which is inclined according to the mean angle of the sun's rays. The housing contains an evaporator (1) with a dark surface to capture the sun's rays and over which the water trickles. A condenser (7) which is made from tubes through which the treated water flows is also included in the desalinator. A thermal insulation layer (3) is placed behind the evaporator and condenser. Front of the housing is covered by a layer (2) of a transparent material, confining a space in which evapn. and condensn. takes place. Evaporator's surface is made from a non-corroding material which is easy to mould such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyester, covered with a dark-coloured porous material to increase evapn. surface. This can be made form natural material such as crushed volcanic lava or charcoal or a nonwoven or felted synthetic plastic.

Description

La présente invention concerne un capteur désalinisateur solaire destiné à la production d'eau douce à partir d'eau de mer ou d'eau saumâtre non potable.The present invention relates to a solar desalinator sensor intended for the production of fresh water from sea water or non-potable brackish water.

ETAT ACTUEL DU PROCEDE.CURRENT STATUS OF THE PROCESS.

Il existe de nombreux procédés pour obtenir de l'eau douce à partir de l'eau de mer. Les plus répandus étant les bouilleurs condenseurs et le procédé d'osmose inverse.There are many methods for obtaining fresh water from seawater. The most common being the condensing boilers and the reverse osmosis process.

L'un comme l'autre procédé présente l'inconvénient d'avoir recours à une énergie plus ou moins coûteuse.Both of these methods have the drawback of using more or less expensive energy.

Le procédé de la présente invention fait appel à une énergie gratuite, L'énergie solaire. Ce dispositif permet d'obtenir de l'eau douce à un moindre coût.The process of the present invention uses free energy, solar energy. This device makes it possible to obtain fresh water at a lower cost.

Le dispositif est constitué par un capteur solaire à effet de serre composé:
- D'un boitier pouvant être incliné en fonction de l'incidence moyenne des rayons solaires.The device consists of a greenhouse solar collector composed of:
- A box that can be tilted depending on the average incidence of sunlight.

- Ce boitier est fermé par une surface transparente (2) derrière laquelle est placée
- Une surface appelée évaporateur (1) de couleur foncée ou noire pour absorber l'énergie solaire et dont la particularité est d'être formée par une série de rainures paralléles horizontales délimitant ainsi des canaux parallèles horizontaux.Une matière noire poreuse ou microporeuse recouvre la surface des ramures. n peut s'agir de materiau naturels, tel que scories volcaniques, laves concassées, charbon de bois ou artificiels matières plastiques non tissées ou feutrines. La surface de l'évaporateur est réalisée en materiau incorrodables tel que polyéthylène, polypropylène, polyesther dont le moulage est aisé.- This case is closed by a transparent surface (2) behind which is placed
- A surface called evaporator (1) of dark or black color to absorb solar energy and whose particularity is to be formed by a series of horizontal parallel grooves thus delimiting horizontal parallel channels. A porous or microporous black matter covers the antlers surface. n can be natural materials, such as volcanic slag, crushed lava, charcoal or artificial non-woven plastics or felts. The surface of the evaporator is made of incorrodible material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, the molding of which is easy.

- Cette surface absorbante repose sur une épaisseur d'un isolant thermique (3) ( mousse de polyuréthanne ou autre isolant thermique)
- Ces canaux communiquent un à un par des orifices situés en quinconce et de manière opposé de telle sorte que le liquide ( eau salée ) parcourt toute la longueur d'une rainure avant de s'écouler dans la rainure sous-jacente et ainsi de suite sur toute la hauteur du capteur. (fig. 2X1)
- Le trajet effectué par le liquide comporte une certaine longueur, ( fonction du nombre de rainures et de la hauteur du capteur), et sera exposé aux rayons solaires un temps suffisant pour permettre son réchauffement entraînant l'évaporation de l'eau contenue dans l'eau salée.- This absorbent surface rests on a thickness of a thermal insulator (3) (polyurethane foam or other thermal insulator)
- These channels communicate one by one through openings in staggered and opposite fashion so that the liquid (salt water) travels the entire length of a groove before flowing into the underlying groove and so on over the entire height of the sensor. (fig. 2X1)
- The path taken by the liquid has a certain length, (depending on the number of grooves and the height of the sensor), and will be exposed to the sun's rays for a sufficient time to allow it to heat up, causing the water contained in it to evaporate. 'salt water.

- La vapeur d'eau ainsi formée viendra se condenser sur la surface des tubes du condenseur situé dans l'enceinte de la serre. Ces tubes peuvent être situés dirrectement dans la partie antérieure de la serre ou situés dans un second compartiment à l'arrière de l'évaporateur (fig. 1). Ce compartiment sera isolé du milieu exterieur par une épaisseur d'isolant thermique (3)
- Ce compartiment communique librement avec le compartiment antérieure en partie basse et en partie haute.(9) et (10) (fig. I et fig. 2 ). Cette disposition presente l'avantage de créer une ventilation naturelle en circuit fermé à l'intérieure même du capteur.L'air situé dans le compartiment antérieur chauffé par le rayonnement solaire monte et passe à la partie supérieure (9) vers la zone du condenseur tandis que l'air situé dans le compartiment postérieure se refroidit en cédant ses calories à l'eau des tubes du condenseur. Cet air froid (10) se dirige vers le bas du capteur pour passer à nouveau dans le compartiment antérieur. Ce flux d'air permet un meilleur rendement du processus.- The water vapor thus formed will condense on the surface of the condenser tubes located inside the greenhouse. These tubes can be located directly in the front part of the greenhouse or located in a second compartment at the rear of the evaporator (fig. 1). This compartment will be isolated from the outside environment by a thickness of thermal insulation (3)
- This compartment communicates freely with the front compartment in the lower part and in the upper part. (9) and (10) (fig. I and fig. 2). This arrangement has the advantage of creating natural ventilation in a closed circuit inside the sensor itself. The air located in the anterior compartment heated by solar radiation rises and passes at the top (9) towards the condenser area while the air located in the rear compartment cools by giving up its calories to the water in the condenser tubes. This cold air (10) goes down from the sensor to pass back into the front compartment. This air flow allows a better efficiency of the process.

- A l'interieur des tubes du condenseur (7) une circulation d'eau "fraîche" est assurée Il samit de l'arrivée de l'eau à traiter. Cette eau plus fraiche(4) permet un refroidissement permanent de la surface de ces tubes. - Inside the condenser tubes (7) a circulation of "fresh" water is ensured. It comes after the arrival of the water to be treated. This cooler water (4) allows permanent cooling of the surface of these tubes.

Conjointement cet eau, circulant dans la lumière de ces tubes, va se réchauffer par transfert des calories cédées par le phénomène de condensation ce qui a pour effet d'élever sa température. Ce mecanisme réalise un préchauffage de l'eau salée.Together, this water, circulating in the lumen of these tubes, will heat up by transferring the calories given up by the phenomenon of condensation, which has the effect of raising its temperature. This mechanism preheats the salt water.

- Cet eau préchauffée est ensuite portée si necessaire à une température plus élevée dans les tubulures situées au niveau du plan focal d'un capteur parabolo-cylindrique(8) fixé en partie haute du capteur. Cet eau chaude et salée se déverse alors dans la rainure supérieure de l'évaporateur où elle va subir le processus d'évaporation lors de sa circulation dans les canaux du capteur. La concentration en sel de ce eau va s'accroitre par perte d'eau douce pour former une saumure (6) qui est évacuée au bas du capteur. - This preheated water is then brought if necessary to a higher temperature in the tubes situated at the focal plane of a parabolo-cylindrical sensor (8) fixed in the upper part of the sensor. This hot and salty water then pours into the upper groove of the evaporator where it will undergo the evaporation process during its circulation in the channels of the sensor. The salt concentration of this water will increase by loss of fresh water to form a brine (6) which is discharged at the bottom of the sensor.

- L'eau douce formée par la condensation de la vapeur d'eau sur les tubes du condenseur (7) va former des gouttelettes d'eau qui vont glisser le long de ces tubes pour être ensuite recoltées en partie basse des tubes dans un collecteur (5).(fig. 3)
- A la partie basse du plan vitré du capteur un dispositif en forme de gouttière permet le recueil de l'eau de pluie par ruisellement sur la vitre du capteur pouvant apporter un complement d'eau douce.- The fresh water formed by the condensation of water vapor on the condenser tubes (7) will form water droplets which will slide along these tubes to be then collected in the lower part of the tubes in a collector (5). (Fig. 3)
- In the lower part of the glass surface of the sensor, a device in the form of a gutter allows rainwater to be collected by rustling on the glass of the sensor, which can provide additional fresh water.

- La géométrie et l'agencement des élements constituant le capteur permet un racordement en batterie de plusieurs capteur. - The geometry and arrangement of the elements constituting the sensor allows a battery connection of several sensors.

L'avantage de ce procédé est de ne comporter aucune pièce mobile et de ne nécessiter aucune autre énergie que celle du soleil. La circulation de l'eau au niveau du capteur se fait essentiellement par gravité à partir d'un bassin situé en surélévation. Ce bassin peut être alimenté en eau par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe actionnée par une éolienne. The advantage of this process is that it has no moving parts and does not require any other energy than that of the sun. The circulation of water at the level of the sensor is essentially by gravity from a basin located in elevation. This basin can be supplied with water by means of a pump actuated by a wind turbine.

Claims (9)

RE\INDICATIONS  RE \ INDICATIONS 1) Dispositif pour obtenir de l'eau douce à partir de l'eau de mer ou d'eau saumâtre par utilisation de l'énergie solaire caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un boîtier incliné en fonction de l'incidence moyenne des rayons solaires dans lequel est placé un évaporateur (1) constitué d'une surface sombre captant l'énergie thermique des rayons solaires sur laquelle ruisselle l'eau à traiter et d'un condenseur (7) constitué par des tubes où circule l'eau à traiter Une isolation thermique (3) est placée en arrière de l'évaporateur et du condenseur. 1) Device for obtaining fresh water from sea water or brackish water by using solar energy characterized in that it comprises a housing inclined as a function of the average incidence of the sun's rays in which is placed an evaporator (1) consisting of a dark surface capturing the thermal energy of the solar rays on which the water to be treated flows and a condenser (7) constituted by tubes where the water to be treated circulates Thermal insulation (3) is placed behind the evaporator and the condenser. 2) Dispositif suivant la revendication I caractérisé en ce que le boîtier est fermé au niveau de sa face antérieure par une épaisseur de matériau transparent(2) délimitant un espace dans lequel le phénomène d'évaporation et de condensation va pouvoir se produire en circuit fermé. 2) Device according to claim I characterized in that the housing is closed at its front face by a thickness of transparent material (2) delimiting a space in which the phenomenon of evaporation and condensation will be able to occur in a closed circuit . 3) Dispositif suivant la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que la surface de l'évaporateur (1) est réalisée dans un matériau incorrodable tel que le polyéthylène, polypropylène, polyesther dont le moulage est aisé. La surface de l'évaporateur est recouverte de matière poreuse de couleur foncée pour accroître la surface d'évaporation. Il peut s'agir de materiaux naturels, tel que scories volcaniques laves concassées ou charbon de bois, ou artificiels matière plastiques de type non tissés ou feutrines..3) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the surface of the evaporator (1) is made of an incorrodible material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester whose molding is easy. The evaporator surface is covered with dark colored porous material to increase the evaporation surface. It can be natural materials, such as crushed lava volcanic slag or charcoal, or artificial plastic materials such as nonwovens or felts. 4) Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que les tubes constituant le condenseur (7) peuvent être situés soit dans le compartiment antérieur du capteur soit dans un compartiment situé en arrière de l'évaporateur dans un dédoublement de l'isolant. 4) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes constituting the condenser (7) can be located either in the front compartment of the sensor or in a compartment located behind the evaporator in a split of the insulating. Cette dernière disposition présente l'avantage de créer une ventilation naturelle en circuit fermé à l'intérieur même du capteur. L'air situé dans le compartiment antérieur chauffé par le rayonnement solaire monte (9) et passe dans la zone du condenseur tandis que l'air situé dans le compartiment postérieur se refroidit en cédant ses calories à l'eau des tubes du condenseur. Cet air froid se dirige vers le bas du capteur pour passer à nouveau dans le compartiment antérieur(l0). Ce flux d'air permet un meilleur rendement du processus. The latter arrangement has the advantage of creating natural ventilation in a closed circuit inside the sensor itself. The air located in the front compartment heated by solar radiation rises (9) and passes into the condenser area while the air located in the rear compartment cools by giving up its calories to the water in the condenser tubes. This cold air flows down the sensor to pass back into the anterior compartment (10). This air flow allows a better efficiency of the process. 5) Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le condenseur (7) est formé par une serie de tubes parallèles situés dans l'enceinte du capteur.5) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the condenser (7) is formed by a series of parallel tubes located in the enclosure of the sensor. L'arrivée de l'eau fraiche(4) à travers ces tubes va entrainer la condensation de la vapeur d'eau produite par l'évaporateur. Cette eau de condensation va circuler sous forme de goutelettes le long des tubes pour être ensuite collectées en partie basse des tubes (5). Cet échange thermique entraîne le réchauffement de l'eau contenue dans ces tubes effectuant ainsi un préchauffage de l'eau salée.The arrival of fresh water (4) through these tubes will cause the condensation of water vapor produced by the evaporator. This water of condensation will circulate in the form of droplets along the tubes to be then collected in the lower part of the tubes (5). This heat exchange causes the water contained in these tubes to heat up, thereby preheating the salt water. 6) Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé par ce qu'il peut être associé si necessaire à un capteur solaire parabolo cylindrique (8) réfléchissant dont le but est de compléter l'élévation de température de l'eau déjà préchauffée. Cette eau va compléter son élévation de température au niveau d'une tubulure (12) située au niveau du plan focal du capteur parabolique.6) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it can be associated if necessary with a cylindrical parabolic solar collector (8) reflecting the purpose of which is to complete the rise in temperature of the already preheated water. This water will complete its rise in temperature at a tube (12) located at the focal plane of the parabolic sensor. 7) Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'eau ainsi chauffée circule dans les canaux situés sur la surface de l'évaporateur(fig. 2 ) communiquant entre eux par des orifices situés en quinconce de telle sorte que le liquide circulant ne puisse emprunter la rainure sous-jacente qu'en ayant entièrement parcouru la rainure sus-jacente. Ce dispositif permet l'exposition prolongée de l'eau à traiter au rayonnement solaire entrainant sa montée en température et son évaporation. L'évacuation de la saumure se fera en partie basse (6).7) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water thus heated circulates in the channels situated on the surface of the evaporator (fig. 2) communicating with one another through orifices located in staggered rows so that the circulating liquid can only pass through the underlying groove by having completely traversed the overlying groove. This device allows the prolonged exposure of the water to be treated to solar radiation causing its temperature rise and evaporation. The brine will be removed at the bottom (6). 8) Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif de recueil d'eau de pluie (13) peut etre associé au capteur en partie basse du vitrage et permet ainsi d'utiliser le plan des capteurs pour la recolte d'eau douce naturelle en complement.8) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rainwater collecting device (13) can be associated with the sensor in the lower part of the glazing and thus makes it possible to use the plane of the sensors for natural fresh water harvest in addition. 9) Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la géométrie et l'agencement des élements constituant le capteur permet leur racordement facile en ensembles de plusieurs capteurs. 9) Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the geometry and the arrangement of the elements constituting the sensor allows their easy connection in sets of several sensors.
FR9415022A 1994-12-08 1994-12-08 SOLAR DESALINATOR SENSOR Expired - Fee Related FR2727957B1 (en)

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FR2727957B1 FR2727957B1 (en) 1997-05-16

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2352193A (en) * 1999-07-20 2001-01-24 Kenneth Raymond Bower Solar powered zeolite water purifier.
DE10140015A1 (en) * 2001-08-10 2003-04-10 Envitech Gmbh Solar powered desalination assembly condenser chamber is defined by an inner wall and the evaporator as outer chamber
WO2008003342A1 (en) * 2006-07-06 2008-01-10 Sonne + Energie Gmbh Water-purifying device and method for production of such a device
FR2953510A1 (en) * 2009-12-04 2011-06-10 Nicolas Beauquis Brackish water purifier with solar distillation comprises an enclosure divided into an evaporator zone and a condenser zone located behind the evaporator zone with respect to a transparent front face of the enclosure
US10329167B2 (en) * 2015-12-07 2019-06-25 John L. CALENE Compact high-efficiency solar distillation device

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB454558A (en) * 1935-03-27 1936-09-28 Edmund Altenkirch Improvements in or relating to a process of and apparatus for separating water contained in a liquid
US3357897A (en) * 1965-09-23 1967-12-12 Salzer Alexander Water purification apparatus
FR2249842A1 (en) * 1973-11-07 1975-05-30 Battelle Memorial Institute
US4055473A (en) * 1971-03-02 1977-10-25 Hay Harold R Process and apparatus for solar distillation
FR2429032A1 (en) * 1978-06-23 1980-01-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Solar heat evaporator partic. for desalination of sea water etc. - condenses vapour in chamber sepd. from radiation absorber
BE893082A (en) * 1982-05-05 1982-11-05 Labrique Jean Pierre Solar energy distn. plant for desalination of sea-water - uses soaked evapn. cloth in hot compartment of solar heated thermosiphon
DE3618279A1 (en) * 1986-03-27 1987-10-01 Solaqua Rosendahl Meerwasseren Method for heating and vaporising or evaporating a liquid by solar energy, apparatus for carrying out the method and use of the method and the apparatus

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB454558A (en) * 1935-03-27 1936-09-28 Edmund Altenkirch Improvements in or relating to a process of and apparatus for separating water contained in a liquid
US3357897A (en) * 1965-09-23 1967-12-12 Salzer Alexander Water purification apparatus
US4055473A (en) * 1971-03-02 1977-10-25 Hay Harold R Process and apparatus for solar distillation
FR2249842A1 (en) * 1973-11-07 1975-05-30 Battelle Memorial Institute
FR2429032A1 (en) * 1978-06-23 1980-01-18 Commissariat Energie Atomique Solar heat evaporator partic. for desalination of sea water etc. - condenses vapour in chamber sepd. from radiation absorber
BE893082A (en) * 1982-05-05 1982-11-05 Labrique Jean Pierre Solar energy distn. plant for desalination of sea-water - uses soaked evapn. cloth in hot compartment of solar heated thermosiphon
DE3618279A1 (en) * 1986-03-27 1987-10-01 Solaqua Rosendahl Meerwasseren Method for heating and vaporising or evaporating a liquid by solar energy, apparatus for carrying out the method and use of the method and the apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2352193A (en) * 1999-07-20 2001-01-24 Kenneth Raymond Bower Solar powered zeolite water purifier.
GB2352193B (en) * 1999-07-20 2002-11-13 Kenneth Raymond Bower Solar powered zeolite water pumping purifier
DE10140015A1 (en) * 2001-08-10 2003-04-10 Envitech Gmbh Solar powered desalination assembly condenser chamber is defined by an inner wall and the evaporator as outer chamber
WO2008003342A1 (en) * 2006-07-06 2008-01-10 Sonne + Energie Gmbh Water-purifying device and method for production of such a device
FR2953510A1 (en) * 2009-12-04 2011-06-10 Nicolas Beauquis Brackish water purifier with solar distillation comprises an enclosure divided into an evaporator zone and a condenser zone located behind the evaporator zone with respect to a transparent front face of the enclosure
US10329167B2 (en) * 2015-12-07 2019-06-25 John L. CALENE Compact high-efficiency solar distillation device

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