FR2726580B1 - METAL PART OR SUBSTRATE WITH COMPOSITE COATING, MANUFACTURING METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF - Google Patents

METAL PART OR SUBSTRATE WITH COMPOSITE COATING, MANUFACTURING METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF

Info

Publication number
FR2726580B1
FR2726580B1 FR9513207A FR9513207A FR2726580B1 FR 2726580 B1 FR2726580 B1 FR 2726580B1 FR 9513207 A FR9513207 A FR 9513207A FR 9513207 A FR9513207 A FR 9513207A FR 2726580 B1 FR2726580 B1 FR 2726580B1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
substrate
manufacturing
application
metal part
composite coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
FR9513207A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
FR2726580A1 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Hoffmuller
Josef Eichner
Robert Sigl
Thomas Uihlein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MTU Aero Engines GmbH
Original Assignee
MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH filed Critical MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH
Publication of FR2726580A1 publication Critical patent/FR2726580A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2726580B1 publication Critical patent/FR2726580B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0018—Brazing of turbine parts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
    • B23K35/005—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of a refractory metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/327—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C comprising refractory compounds, e.g. carbides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12486—Laterally noncoextensive components [e.g., embedded, etc.]

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
FR9513207A 1994-11-09 1995-11-08 METAL PART OR SUBSTRATE WITH COMPOSITE COATING, MANUFACTURING METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF Expired - Fee Related FR2726580B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4439950A DE4439950C2 (en) 1994-11-09 1994-11-09 Metallic component with a composite coating, use, and method for producing metallic components

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2726580A1 FR2726580A1 (en) 1996-05-10
FR2726580B1 true FR2726580B1 (en) 1999-09-03

Family

ID=6532837

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR9513207A Expired - Fee Related FR2726580B1 (en) 1994-11-09 1995-11-08 METAL PART OR SUBSTRATE WITH COMPOSITE COATING, MANUFACTURING METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5660320A (en)
DE (1) DE4439950C2 (en)
FR (1) FR2726580B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2294951B (en)

Families Citing this family (57)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0882545A3 (en) * 1997-06-05 1999-03-10 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union MàœNchen Gmbh Repairing method for integrally cast stator rings of a turbine
US6164916A (en) * 1998-11-02 2000-12-26 General Electric Company Method of applying wear-resistant materials to turbine blades, and turbine blades having wear-resistant materials
DE19933445C2 (en) * 1999-07-16 2001-12-13 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Sealing ring for non-hermetic fluid seals
WO2001076797A1 (en) * 2000-04-07 2001-10-18 Smit Engineering B.V. Chain for sawing through an object, such as an object located in or on the water, and sawing installation provided with such a chain
EP1369201B1 (en) * 2001-01-16 2007-08-29 Nikon Corporation Grinding stone pellet, grinding stone, and method of producing them, and method of producing optical elements using grinding stone and method of producing projection aligners
DE10114306B4 (en) * 2001-03-23 2005-06-16 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Composite layer, process for producing a composite layer and their use
US6780458B2 (en) * 2001-08-01 2004-08-24 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Wear and erosion resistant alloys applied by cold spray technique
US6706319B2 (en) 2001-12-05 2004-03-16 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Mixed powder deposition of components for wear, erosion and abrasion resistant applications
US6679680B2 (en) * 2002-03-25 2004-01-20 General Electric Company Built-up gas turbine component and its fabrication
US7250192B2 (en) * 2002-04-23 2007-07-31 General Electric Company Sprayable noble metal coating for high temperature use directly on aircraft engine alloys
US20060088727A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-04-27 General Electric Company High reflectivity infrared coating applications for use in HIRSS applications
US7836593B2 (en) * 2005-03-17 2010-11-23 Siemens Energy, Inc. Cold spray method for producing gas turbine blade tip
DE102005030848A1 (en) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Method for producing a blade tip armor
US7140952B1 (en) 2005-09-22 2006-11-28 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Oxidation protected blade and method of manufacturing
FR2893359A1 (en) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-18 Snecma Sa ANNULAR LETTER FOR A LARYRINTH OF SEALING, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME
DE102005061135A1 (en) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-28 Siemens Ag Mold for a continuous casting plant and process for producing a mold
DE102007010256A1 (en) * 2007-03-02 2008-09-04 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Method for coating gas turbine components to form a protective layer comprises forming a join between the components and a solder foil by locally heating the components in the region of the solder foil and heating the solder foil
US9322100B2 (en) * 2007-05-04 2016-04-26 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Method for manufacturing an abrasive coating on a gas turbine component
DE102007031932A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2009-01-15 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh A blade
DE102009007666A1 (en) * 2009-02-05 2010-08-12 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Method for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component
DE102009008887A1 (en) * 2009-02-14 2010-08-19 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Method for producing a blade armor on a blade for a turbomachine
WO2011020105A2 (en) 2009-08-14 2011-02-17 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive articles including abrasive particles bonded to an elongated body
JP5537660B2 (en) * 2009-08-14 2014-07-02 サンーゴバン アブレイシブズ，インコーポレイティド Abrasive article comprising abrasive particles bonded to an elongated object and method of forming the abrasive article
DE102009053954A1 (en) 2009-11-19 2011-06-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Labyrinth seal and method of making a labyrinth seal
DE102009055914A1 (en) * 2009-11-27 2011-06-09 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Sealing rings for a labyrinth seal
DE102010004241A1 (en) * 2010-01-08 2011-07-14 H.C. Starck GmbH, 38642 Method for producing functional layers on the surface of workpieces, a functional layer thus produced and a workpiece
US8500390B2 (en) * 2010-05-20 2013-08-06 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Fan case with rub elements
US20110306275A1 (en) * 2010-06-13 2011-12-15 Nicolson Matthew D Component finishing tool
US8708655B2 (en) 2010-09-24 2014-04-29 United Technologies Corporation Blade for a gas turbine engine
TWI466990B (en) 2010-12-30 2015-01-01 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Abrasive article and method of forming
DE102011100025A1 (en) * 2011-04-29 2012-10-31 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Component useful e.g. as radial shaft sealing ring, toothed belt, conveyor belt, rotor blade or plastic component, comprises a surface, on which partially a film with wear protection and/or anti-adhesion effect is applied
WO2013040423A2 (en) 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive article and method of forming
US9211634B2 (en) 2011-09-29 2015-12-15 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive articles including abrasive particles bonded to an elongated substrate body having a barrier layer, and methods of forming thereof
EP2581164A1 (en) * 2011-10-14 2013-04-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for repairing surface damage to a flow engine component
DE102011086524A1 (en) * 2011-11-17 2013-05-23 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Armouring of sealing fins of TiAl blades by inductive soldering of hard material particles
US8808870B2 (en) 2011-11-28 2014-08-19 Kennametal Inc. Functionally graded coating
FR2985759B1 (en) * 2012-01-17 2014-03-07 Snecma MOBILE AUB OF TURBOMACHINE
TW201402274A (en) 2012-06-29 2014-01-16 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Abrasive article and method of forming
TWI474889B (en) 2012-06-29 2015-03-01 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Abrasive article and method of forming
TWI477343B (en) 2012-06-29 2015-03-21 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Abrasive article and method of forming
TW201404527A (en) 2012-06-29 2014-02-01 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Abrasive article and method of forming
FR3001758B1 (en) * 2013-02-01 2016-07-15 Snecma TURBOMACHINE ROTOR BLADE
US9862029B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-01-09 Kennametal Inc Methods of making metal matrix composite and alloy articles
US9346101B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-05-24 Kennametal Inc. Cladded articles and methods of making the same
TW201441355A (en) 2013-04-19 2014-11-01 Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc Abrasive article and method of forming
US20150354374A1 (en) * 2014-06-09 2015-12-10 General Electric Company Turbine blisk and method of manufacturing thereof
US10786875B2 (en) 2014-07-02 2020-09-29 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Abrasive preforms and manufacture and use methods
US10018056B2 (en) * 2014-07-02 2018-07-10 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive coating and manufacture and use methods
US10030527B2 (en) 2014-07-02 2018-07-24 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive preforms and manufacture and use methods
US10012095B2 (en) * 2014-07-02 2018-07-03 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive coating and manufacture and use methods
CN104475951B (en) * 2014-11-09 2016-06-08 北京工业大学 A kind of resistive heating metal wire material deposition forming method
US10221702B2 (en) 2015-02-23 2019-03-05 Kennametal Inc. Imparting high-temperature wear resistance to turbine blade Z-notches
TWI621505B (en) 2015-06-29 2018-04-21 聖高拜磨料有限公司 Abrasive article and method of forming
RU2618027C1 (en) * 2016-03-28 2017-05-02 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт технологии машиностроения" АО "НПО "ЦНИИТМАШ" Pastes for wear-resistant overlaying and wear-resistant coating
US11117208B2 (en) 2017-03-21 2021-09-14 Kennametal Inc. Imparting wear resistance to superalloy articles
DE102019202387A1 (en) * 2019-02-21 2020-08-27 MTU Aero Engines AG Blade for a high-speed turbine stage with a single sealing element
US11612986B2 (en) 2019-12-17 2023-03-28 Rolls-Royce Corporation Abrasive coating including metal matrix and ceramic particles

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3296693A (en) * 1962-09-21 1967-01-10 Shirley J Carter Tungsten carbide brazing
US3743556A (en) * 1970-03-30 1973-07-03 Composite Sciences Coating metallic substrate with powdered filler and molten metal
US4116689A (en) * 1975-12-24 1978-09-26 General Dynamics Corporation Material and method for securing boron filaments to each other and to a substrate and cutting tools therefrom
US4169020A (en) * 1977-12-21 1979-09-25 General Electric Company Method for making an improved gas seal
US4228214A (en) * 1978-03-01 1980-10-14 Gte Products Corporation Flexible bilayered sheet, one layer of which contains abrasive particles in a volatilizable organic binder and the other layer of which contains alloy particles in a volatilizable binder, method for producing same and coating produced by heating same
DE3568065D1 (en) * 1984-07-16 1989-03-09 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Process for the deposition of a corrosion-inhibiting layer, comprising protective oxide-forming elements at the base of a gas turbine blade, and a corrosion-inhibiting layer
US4608128A (en) * 1984-07-23 1986-08-26 General Electric Company Method for applying abrasive particles to a surface
US4666733A (en) * 1985-09-17 1987-05-19 Electric Power Research Institute Method of heat treating of wear resistant coatings and compositions useful therefor
US4715525A (en) * 1986-11-10 1987-12-29 Rohr Industries, Inc. Method of bonding columbium to titanium and titanium based alloys using low bonding pressures and temperatures
US4927713A (en) * 1988-02-08 1990-05-22 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. High erosion/wear resistant multi-layered coating system
GB8920101D0 (en) * 1989-09-06 1989-10-18 Marconi Electronic Devices Methods of joining components
FR2663342B1 (en) * 1990-06-13 1993-04-30 Alsthom Gec PROTECTIVE COATING OF A TITANIUM ALLOY METAL PART AND DEPOSITION METHOD.
CA2048804A1 (en) * 1990-11-01 1992-05-02 Roger J. Perkins Long life abrasive turbine blade tips
DE4131871C1 (en) * 1991-06-13 1992-05-27 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De
DE4126240C1 (en) * 1991-08-08 1992-07-30 Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De Bar segment for vegetable oil press - comprises of steel coated with composite contg. hard material e.g. tungsten carbide and nickel@-based brazing alloy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4439950C2 (en) 2001-03-01
GB9521330D0 (en) 1995-12-20
GB2294951B (en) 1997-12-10
DE4439950A1 (en) 1996-05-15
FR2726580A1 (en) 1996-05-10
US5660320A (en) 1997-08-26
GB2294951A (en) 1996-05-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
FR2726580B1 (en) METAL PART OR SUBSTRATE WITH COMPOSITE COATING, MANUFACTURING METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
FR2723940B1 (en) COATING SUBSTRATE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF.
FR2652621B1 (en) COATED METAL FASTENING ELEMENT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF.
EP0609861A3 (en) Ceramic substrate and manufacturing method thereof.
DE59403364D1 (en) Metal coated substrate
EP0676796A3 (en) Semiconductor substrate and a method for manufacturing the same.
DE69732397D1 (en) COATING PROCESS, COATING AND ARTICLES COATED THEREFOR
EP0685578A3 (en) High-strengh fiber of polytetrafluoroethylene and method of manufacturing the same.
EP0664343A3 (en) Method for improving substrate adhesion in fluoropolymer deposition processes.
BR9305464A (en) Intumescent coating and manufacturing method
DE69628505D1 (en) Semiconducting substrate and its manufacturing process
GB2325420B (en) Multiple coat metal pipe and its fabrication method
DE69114122D1 (en) Coated substrate and manufacturing method.
FR2837217B1 (en) MOSI2-SI3N4 COMPOSITE COATING AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
FR2709206B1 (en) Cathode device having a small opening, and method of manufacturing the same.
EP0616377A3 (en) Semiconductor light-emitting element and method for manufacturing therefor.
FR2693185B1 (en) Composite coating based on quasi-crystals and its manufacturing process.
FR2689831B3 (en) COATING MOLDING PART AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF.
FR2705757B1 (en) Quick coupling element, its manufacturing process, and quick coupling.
HK1044558A1 (en) structuraly ordered articles, fabrication method and application of the same
FR2706170B1 (en) Heavy metal alloy and its manufacturing process.
FR2739256B1 (en) BORDELA BOUILLIE, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, AND CUPRIC FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME
FR2759693B1 (en) CERAMIC COMPOSITION, VARISTANCE CONTAINING THE SAME, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
DE59607689D1 (en) Component with area-specific coating and manufacturing process
FR2745826B1 (en) DECORATIVE ELEMENT FOR TEXTILES AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
ST Notification of lapse

Effective date: 20140731