FR2713321A1 - Refrigerating appts. for cooling large mass of liquid or paste in chemical and food industry - Google Patents

Refrigerating appts. for cooling large mass of liquid or paste in chemical and food industry Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2713321A1
FR2713321A1 FR9314590A FR9314590A FR2713321A1 FR 2713321 A1 FR2713321 A1 FR 2713321A1 FR 9314590 A FR9314590 A FR 9314590A FR 9314590 A FR9314590 A FR 9314590A FR 2713321 A1 FR2713321 A1 FR 2713321A1
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France
Prior art keywords
mass
liquid
vessel
container
injection
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Granted
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FR9314590A
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French (fr)
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FR2713321B1 (en
Inventor
Cloarec Alain
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Air Liquide SA
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Air Liquide SA
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Priority to FR9314590A priority Critical patent/FR2713321B1/en
Publication of FR2713321A1 publication Critical patent/FR2713321A1/en
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Publication of FR2713321B1 publication Critical patent/FR2713321B1/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/001—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for cryogenic fluid systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/04—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media both being liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00094—Jackets

Abstract

The cooling is by direct injection of a cryogenic liquid into the mass of material to be cooled. The mass of material is held in a vessel (1). The cryogenic liquid is preferably liquid nitrogen, and is delivered from an external storage tank (9). The liquid nitrogen is delivered through a valve (6) to outlets (4) in the lower part of the vessel (1). There are multiple outlets distributed round the lower part of the vessel wall. During injection of cryogenic liquid the material is stirred. The stirrer is driven by an electric motor (12) at the top of the vessel. The motor drives a vertical shaft passing through the centre of the vessel. Mixing blades are positioned at the bottom of the vessel (14) an in the middle part of the vessel (16). The lower blades include a scraper that clears the internal walls in the region of the liquid injection holes.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un appareillage pour refroidir une masse de matière liquide, ou éventuellement pulvérulente. The present invention relates to an apparatus for cooling a mass of liquid, or possibly pulverulent, material.

Dans les industries alimentaires ou chimiques, on éprouve souvent le besoin de refroidir rapidement des masses liquides ou pâteuses relativement importantes, de l'ordre de 20 à 500 litres. Par exemple, certaines normes imposent qu'une sauce, ou un aliment pour bébés, soit refroidie du voisinage de + 100"C jusqu'au dessous + 10 C en moins de deux heures. In the food or chemical industries, there is often the need to rapidly cool relatively large liquid or pasty masses, of the order of 20 to 500 liters. For example, some standards require that a sauce, or baby food, be cooled from around + 100 "C to below + 10 C in less than two hours.

La technique traditionnelle consiste à mettre le produit à refroidir, sous faible épaisseur, en contact avec les parois d'un échangeur traversé par un fluide réfrigérant. Cette technique impose des investissements coûteux et présente un rendement médiocre. The traditional technique consists in bringing the product to be cooled, with a small thickness, in contact with the walls of an exchanger through which a refrigerant fluid passes. This technique requires expensive investments and has a poor return.

On peut aussi placer le produit à refroidir dans un récipient et injecter dans sa masse un fluide réfrigérant neutre, en particulier de l'azote liquide, à l'aide de cannes plongeant dans la masse. I1 est difficile, dans ce cas, d'obtenir une bonne homogénéité de températures, d'autant plus qu'il se forme, autour des cannes, de la glace dans le cas d'un produit aqueux, ou une couche stagnante solide ou à forte viscosité, qui perturbe le fonctionnement de l'appareillage. One can also place the product to be cooled in a container and inject into its mass a neutral refrigerant, in particular liquid nitrogen, using rods immersed in the mass. It is difficult, in this case, to obtain good temperature uniformity, all the more so since ice forms, around the canes in the case of an aqueous product, or a solid or stagnant layer at high viscosity, which disrupts the functioning of the apparatus.

La présente invention a pour but de fournir un appareillage simple et économique qui permette un refroidissement rapide et homogène de masses relativement importantes. The object of the present invention is to provide simple and economical apparatus which allows rapid and uniform cooling of relatively large masses.

Pour obtenir ce résultat, l'invention fournit un appareil pour refroidir une masse de matière liquide ou pulvérulente par injection directe d'un fluide cryogénique dans la masse, comprenant un récipient destiné à recevoir ladite masse, et des conduits reliant au moins un point d'injection situé dans ledit récipient à une source de fluide cryogénique, cet appareil ayant pour particularité qu'il est prévu plusieurs points d'injection associés chacun à une vanne séparée, les vannes étant toutes reliées à un organe de commande qui les ouvre et ferme suivant un mode séquencé de façon à relier le point d'injection correspondant à la source de fluide cryogénique ou à l'en isoler,
et qu'il est prévu en outre une agitation apte à brasser en continu la masse à refroidir.To obtain this result, the invention provides an apparatus for cooling a mass of liquid or pulverulent material by direct injection of a cryogenic fluid into the mass, comprising a container intended to receive said mass, and conduits connecting at least one point of injection located in said container at a cryogenic fluid source, this device having the particularity that there are provided several injection points each associated with a separate valve, the valves all being connected to a control member which opens and closes them according to a sequenced mode so as to connect the injection point corresponding to the source of cryogenic fluid or to isolate it,
and that there is further provided stirring capable of continuously stirring the mass to be cooled.

Par "mode séquencé", on entend que les vannes s'ouvrent et se ferment selon un programme qui prévoit que certaines vannes sont ouvertes pendant que d'autres sont fermées. De préférence, il y a toujours un meme nombre de vannes ouvertes, si bien que la quantité de fluide cryogénique demandée à la source est sensiblement constante. By "sequenced mode" we mean that the valves open and close according to a program which foresees that some valves are open while others are closed. Preferably, there are always the same number of open valves, so that the quantity of cryogenic fluid requested from the source is substantially constant.

Avantageusement, le fluide cryogénique est de l'azote liquide. Un tel fluide, en plus de ses avantages connus de bon marché relatif et de facilité d'emplois, est ici intéressant par le fait que l'azote gazeux qui se forme, et qui traverse la matière à refroidir, en chasse progressivement l'air, d'où une amélioration de la résistance à l'oxydation, et une meilleure conservation. Advantageously, the cryogenic fluid is liquid nitrogen. Such a fluid, in addition to its known advantages of relative cheapness and ease of use, is advantageous here in that the gaseous nitrogen which forms, and which passes through the material to be cooled, gradually expels the air therefrom. , hence an improvement in oxidation resistance, and better conservation.

Suivant une réalisation préférée, le récipient est une cuve cylindrique à axe vertical, et les points d'injection sont situés dans la partie basse de la paroi verticale de la cuve. According to a preferred embodiment, the container is a cylindrical tank with a vertical axis, and the injection points are located in the lower part of the vertical wall of the tank.

Avantageusement, dans ce cas, les points d'injection sont des passages ne comportant pas de saillie à l'intérieur de la cuve, et les moyens d'agitation comprennent un racleur qui frotte la paroi au niveau des points d'injection. Advantageously, in this case, the injection points are passages not having a projection inside the tank, and the stirring means comprise a scraper which rubs the wall at the injection points.

On notera que, pour que l'appareil ait une efficacité optimale, il est préférable que le récipient qui reçoit la masse à refroidir soit un récipient à double paroi, avec échangeur périphérique. It will be noted that, for the apparatus to have an optimal efficiency, it is preferable that the container which receives the mass to be cooled is a double-walled container, with peripheral exchanger.

L'invention va maintenant être décrite de façon plus précise à l'aide d'un exemple pratique illustré avec les dessins, parmi lesquels
Figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe et en élévation d'un appareil conforme à l'invention, et
Figure 2 est une vue de dessus du même appareil, le moto-réducteur étant supposé enlevé.The invention will now be described more precisely with the aid of a practical example illustrated with the drawings, among which
FIG. 1 is a schematic view in section and in elevation of an apparatus according to the invention, and
Figure 2 is a top view of the same device, the gear motor being assumed removed.

Le dispositif décrit à titre d'exemple est destiné à refroidir un liquide tel qu'une sauce destinée à la confection de plats cuisinés. Un appareil sensiblement identique a été essayé avec succès dans l'industrie de la charcuterie pour maintenir de l'eau aux environs de + 1"C.  The device described by way of example is intended to cool a liquid such as a sauce intended for making ready meals. A substantially identical device has been successfully tried in the delicatessen industry to maintain water at around + 1 "C.

Cette eau était destinée à refroidir des jambons dans une enceinte séparée.This water was intended to cool hams in a separate enclosure.

Le dispositif comprend une cuve 1, cylindrique, du type à double paroi, à échangeur périphérique, avec un fond 2 et une paroi cylindrique verticale 3. Vers la partie inférieure de la paroi 3, elle est traversée par des passages 4. Chaque passage 4 est relié par un court conduit 5 à une électrovanne 6. Celle-ci est elle-même reliée à un collecteur 7, de forme annulaire, qui entoure la paroi 3 à une certaine distance de celle-ci. Le collecteur 7 est relié par un conduit 8 à une source d'alimentation en azote liquide. Dans l'exemple décrit, qui a servi pour les essais, la source d'azote liquide était un réservoir 9. The device comprises a tank 1, cylindrical, of the double wall type, with peripheral exchanger, with a bottom 2 and a vertical cylindrical wall 3. Towards the lower part of the wall 3, it is crossed by passages 4. Each passage 4 is connected by a short conduit 5 to a solenoid valve 6. The latter is itself connected to a manifold 7, of annular shape, which surrounds the wall 3 at a certain distance from the latter. The collector 7 is connected by a conduit 8 to a source of liquid nitrogen supply. In the example described, which was used for the tests, the source of liquid nitrogen was a reservoir 9.

La figure 2 montre quatre passages 4, désignés par les références 4A à 4D. Chacun de ces passages est associé à l'une des électrovannes 6, celles-ci portant la référence 6A à 6D. Figure 2 shows four passages 4, designated by the references 4A to 4D. Each of these passages is associated with one of the solenoid valves 6, these bearing the reference 6A to 6D.

Chacune des électrovannes est reliée à un organe de commande 10, capable de commander leur ouverture ou leur fermeture. Each of the solenoid valves is connected to a control member 10, capable of controlling their opening or closing.

On observera que les conduits 5 ne font pas saillie à l'intérieur de la cuve 1. It will be observed that the conduits 5 do not protrude inside the tank 1.

A l'intérieur de la cuve 1 est disposé un ensemble d'agitation, désignée dans son ensemble par la référence 11, et qui comprend un moto-réducteur 12, qui entraîne un arbre vertical 13 sur lequel sont montés des racleurs 14A, 14B, formés de pièces métalliques en U portant à leur périphérie radiale une lame flexible 15 qui frotte la paroi 3. L'un de ces racleurs 14A est au niveau du débouché des passages 4, si bien que, lors de son déplacement, il peut enlever la glace qui se forme autour de ces passages 4. Des ailettes 16 complètent l'agitation. Inside the tank 1 is arranged a stirring assembly, designated as a whole by the reference 11, and which comprises a gear motor 12, which drives a vertical shaft 13 on which are scrapers 14A, 14B, formed of metal U-shaped parts carrying at their radial periphery a flexible blade 15 which rubs the wall 3. One of these scrapers 14A is at the outlet of the passages 4, so that, during its movement, it can remove the ice which forms around these passages 4. Fins 16 complete the agitation.

En fonctionnement, l'organe de commande 10 déclenche successivement l'ouverture puis la fermeture des électrovannes 6A à 6D successivement, de telle façon qu'il y ait toujours une de ces électrovannes en position d'ouverture. En variante, deux électrovannes opposées, par exemple 4A et 4C, sont ouvertes, pendant que les deux autres, 4B et 4D, sont fermées, et réciproquement. In operation, the control member 10 successively triggers the opening and then the closing of the solenoid valves 6A to 6D successively, so that there is always one of these solenoid valves in the open position. As a variant, two opposite solenoid valves, for example 4A and 4C, are open, while the other two, 4B and 4D, are closed, and vice versa.

L'azote liquide injecté dans le liquide se vaporise instantanément, et l'azote gazeux produit contribue, pour une part non négligeable, à l'agitation du liquide. The liquid nitrogen injected into the liquid vaporizes instantaneously, and the nitrogen gas produced contributes, to a non-negligible part, to the agitation of the liquid.

Il a été constaté, au cours d'un essai fait avec de l'eau, qu'on pouvait maintenir la température de l'eau entre + 0,8"C et + 1,3"C, pendant des périodes dépassant 8 heures, sans qu'apparaissent de bouchage et sans formation de bloc de glace important.  It was found, during a test done with water, that the water temperature could be maintained between + 0.8 "C and + 1.3" C, for periods exceeding 8 hours , without any blockage appearing and without significant ice block formation.

Claims (6)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Appareil pour refroidir une masse de matière liquide ou pulvérulente par injection directe d'un fluide cryogénique dans la masse, comprenant un récipient (1) destiné à recevoir ladite masse, et des conduits reliant au moins un point d'injection situé dans ledit récipient à une source de fluide cryogénique, 1. Apparatus for cooling a mass of liquid or pulverulent material by direct injection of a cryogenic fluid into the mass, comprising a container (1) intended to receive said mass, and conduits connecting at least one injection point located in said container to a cryogenic fluid source, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu plusieurs points d'injection (4) associés chacun à une vanne séparée (6), les vannes étant toutes reliées à un organe de commande (10) qui les ouvre et ferme suivant un mode séquencé de façon à relier le point d'injection correspondant à la source de fluide cryogénique ou à l'en isoler, characterized in that several injection points (4) are provided, each associated with a separate valve (6), the valves all being connected to a control member (10) which opens and closes them in a sequenced manner so connecting or isolating the injection point corresponding to the cryogenic fluid source, et en ce qu'il est prévu en outre des moyens d'agitation (11) aptes à brasser en continu la masse à refroidir. and in that there is also provided stirring means (11) capable of continuously stirring the mass to be cooled. 2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de commande est programmé pour qu'il y ait toujours le même nombre de vannes ouvertes. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the control member is programmed so that there is always the same number of open valves. 3. Appareil selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le récipient est une cuve cylindrique (1) à axe vertical, et les points d'injection (4) sont situés dans la partie basse de la paroi verticale (3) de la cuve. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the container is a cylindrical tank (1) with a vertical axis, and the injection points (4) are located in the lower part of the vertical wall (3) of tank. 4. Appareil selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les points d'injection (4) sont des passages ne comportant pas de saillie à l'intérieur de la cuve, et les moyens d'agitation comprennent un racleur (14A) qui frotte la paroi (3) au niveau des points d'injection. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the injection points (4) are passages having no projection inside the tank, and the stirring means comprise a scraper (14A) which rubs the wall (3) at the injection points. 5. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le récipient (1) est un récipient à double paroi, avec échangeur périphérique. 5. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the container (1) is a double-walled container, with peripheral exchanger. 6. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le fluide cryogénique est de l'azote liquide.  6. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cryogenic fluid is liquid nitrogen.
FR9314590A 1993-12-06 1993-12-06 Apparatus for cooling a mass of liquid, or possibly pulverulent material. Expired - Fee Related FR2713321B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9314590A FR2713321B1 (en) 1993-12-06 1993-12-06 Apparatus for cooling a mass of liquid, or possibly pulverulent material.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9314590A FR2713321B1 (en) 1993-12-06 1993-12-06 Apparatus for cooling a mass of liquid, or possibly pulverulent material.

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FR2713321A1 true FR2713321A1 (en) 1995-06-09
FR2713321B1 FR2713321B1 (en) 1996-01-12

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0711511A3 (en) * 1994-11-09 1996-06-12 Boc Group Inc
EP1152203A1 (en) * 2000-05-03 2001-11-07 Carboxyque Française Method and device for monitoring and controlling the injection of liquid refrigerant in a mixing chamber

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1430385A (en) * 1972-05-30 1976-03-31 Boc International Ltd Method of and apparatus for cooling liquid products particularly liquid food products
GB1515509A (en) * 1975-07-24 1978-06-28 Jowitt R Quick freezing of foods
FR2451560A1 (en) * 1979-03-14 1980-10-10 Hoxan Kk CRYOSTATIC SYSTEM USING LIQUEFIED GAS TO THERMOSTATICALLY CONTROL THE TEMPERATURE OF AN OBJECT OR SUBSTANCE
US4250714A (en) * 1979-05-04 1981-02-17 Covy Allan P Method for cooling metal turnings
FR2485950A1 (en) * 1980-07-01 1982-01-08 Carboxyque Francaise Refrigerated meat mincing machine - has controlled injection of liq. refrigerant to maintain low temp.
EP0166655A1 (en) * 1984-06-22 1986-01-02 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and apparatus for cooling a powder by means of a refrigerant fluid

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1430385A (en) * 1972-05-30 1976-03-31 Boc International Ltd Method of and apparatus for cooling liquid products particularly liquid food products
GB1515509A (en) * 1975-07-24 1978-06-28 Jowitt R Quick freezing of foods
FR2451560A1 (en) * 1979-03-14 1980-10-10 Hoxan Kk CRYOSTATIC SYSTEM USING LIQUEFIED GAS TO THERMOSTATICALLY CONTROL THE TEMPERATURE OF AN OBJECT OR SUBSTANCE
US4250714A (en) * 1979-05-04 1981-02-17 Covy Allan P Method for cooling metal turnings
FR2485950A1 (en) * 1980-07-01 1982-01-08 Carboxyque Francaise Refrigerated meat mincing machine - has controlled injection of liq. refrigerant to maintain low temp.
EP0166655A1 (en) * 1984-06-22 1986-01-02 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and apparatus for cooling a powder by means of a refrigerant fluid

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0711511A3 (en) * 1994-11-09 1996-06-12 Boc Group Inc
EP1152203A1 (en) * 2000-05-03 2001-11-07 Carboxyque Française Method and device for monitoring and controlling the injection of liquid refrigerant in a mixing chamber
FR2808584A1 (en) * 2000-05-03 2001-11-09 Carboxyque Francaise METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROL AND COMMAND OF INJECTION OF REFRIGERANT FLUID IN A MIXING VESSEL

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Publication number Publication date
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