FR2709955A1 - Cosmetic compositions containing a polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene linear block copolymer and an amphoteric polymer, and their uses - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to cosmetic compositions comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one amphoteric polymer and at least one polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene linear block copolymer, as well as to their uses. These compositions, besides their good cosmetic properties with respect to hair, display, in addition, good fixing power.

Description

COSMETIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A BLOCK COPOLYMER

  POLYSIOXANE-POLYOXYAILTLU LINEAR AND A POLYMER

AMPOTERE, AND THEIR USES.

  The present invention relates to new cosmetic compositions containing at least one linear block copolymer polysiloxanepolyoxyalkylène and

  at least one amphoteric polymer, as well as their uses.

  In the context of the present application, the term “cosmetic compositions for maintaining the hairstyle” means any composition intended to temporarily fix the shape of the hairstyle, for example lacquers, styling compositions, foams, coilffage gels and sprays. By fixing power of the composition is meant the ability of the latter to give the hair cohesion such as the initial shaping of the

hairstyle is preserved.

  The use of silicone derivatives in combination with amphoteric polymers is widely known in the preparation of cosmetic compositions, in particular for maintaining the hairstyle. It has been found that these silicone derivatives clearly improve the disentangling properties,

  softness and shine of the hair treated using these compositions.

  Conversely. they are not in favor of the fixing power of the latter, which

  is provided by the only polymer resin.

  Also known in the prior art is application EP 492 657 A1 which describes the use of linear block copolymers polysiloxanepolyoxyalkylene in cosmetic compositions useful for skin care and hair care. According to this request, the use of these copolymers alone or with a treatment agent for the skin or the hair, makes it possible to obtain improved properties of shine, durability and / or softness of the formulation. These copolymers are generally described as having. compared to the prior art silicone compounds used in these compositions,

  properties of the same nature but of a significantly higher degree.

  Those skilled in the art should therefore expect that the copolymers described in the aforementioned European patent application further aggravate the deterioration of the fixing power, even if, moreover, they expect an improvement in the disentangling characteristics, shine and softness. This point is not contradicted by reading the examples of this application, in particular by example 19, the reproduction of which leads to a composition having a very low fixing power.

  incompatible with the marketing of the latter.

  Now, the Applicant has surprisingly discovered that by combining the linear polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers with the amphoteric polymers, in fact compositions are obtained which confer good cosmetic properties of disentangling, softness, shine while providing substantially fixing power. of the same level as that of the amphoteric polymer alone, and in any case higher than that of the association of the amphoteric polymer and the

  silicone derivatives of the prior art.

  The Applicant has also found that when a given amphoteric polymer generates during the combing a powdering phenomenon, unsightly phenomenon, the association of this polymer with a linear block copolymer polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene then makes it possible to greatly reduce this undesirable phenomenon. The subject of the invention is therefore a cosmetic composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one amphoteric polymer and at

  minus a linear block copolymer polysiloxane-polboxyalkylene.

  Another object of the invention consists of the use of these compositions for maintaining the hairstyle, the treatment or washing of the hair or any other keratin material, as well as by the use of a linear block copolymer polysiloxane -polyoxyalkylene as reinforcing agent for the fixing power of a composition for maintaining the hairstyle containing an amphoteric polymer. The amphoteric polymers which can be used in accordance with the invention can be chosen from polymers comprising units A and B distributed statistically in the polymer chain o A denotes a unit derived from a monomer comprising at least one basic nitrogen atom and B denotes a unit deriving from an acidic monomer comprising one or more carboxylic or sulphonic groups or A and B can designate groups deriving from zwitterionic monomers of carboxybétaines or sulphobétaines; A and B can also denote a cationic polymer chain comprising primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine groups, in which at least one of the amine groups carries a carboxylic or sulphonic group linked via a hydrocarbon radical

  or A and B are part of a chain of a polymer with an ethylene unit a, p-

  dicarboxylic of which one of the carboxylic groups has been reacted with a polyamine comprising one or more primary amine groups

or secondary.

  The amphoteric polymers corresponding to the definition given above which are more particularly preferred are chosen from the following polymers: 1) polymers resulting from the copolymerization of a monomer derived from a vinyl compound carrying a carboxylic group such as more particularly the acid acrylic, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, alpha-chloracrylic acid. and a basic monomer derived from a substituted vinyl compound containing at least one basic atom such as more particularly

  diallkylaminoalkylmethacrylate and acrylate, dalkylamioalkyl-

  methacrylamide and acrylamide. Such compounds are described in the patent

American No. 3,836,537.

  (2) polymers derived from diallydialkylammonium and from at least one anionic monomer such as polymers comprising approximately 60 to approximately 99% by weight of units derived from a quaternary dlallyldLlkylammonium monomer in which the alkyl groups are chosen independently from alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and in which the anion is derived from an acid having an ionization constant greater than 10-13 and 1 to 40% by weight of this polymer, from an anionic monomer chosen from acids acrylic or methacrylic, the molecular weight of this polymer being between approximately 50,000 and 10,000,000 determined by chromatography by

  gel permeation. Such polymers are described in application EP-A-

269,243.

  The pre-formed polymers are inter alia polymers comprising alkyl groups chosen from groups having 1 to 4 atoms of

  carbon and more particularly methyl, ethyl groups.

  Among these polymers, copolymers of dlmethyldlallylammonium chloride or of diethyldlallylanmonlum and acrylic acid are particularly preferred. These polymers are for example sold under the names "MERQUAT 280" and 'MERQUAT 295 "by the company MERCK

  The terpolymers of dimethyldiallyl chloride can also be used.

  ammonium / acrylic acid / acrylamide sold under the name

  'MERQUAT PLUS 3330 "by MERCK.

  (3) polymers comprising units derived from a) at least one monomer chosen from acrylamides or methacrylamides substituted on nitrogen with an alkyl radical, b) from at least one acidic comonomer containing one or more reactive carboxylic groups , and c) at least one basic comonomer such as esters with primary, secondary, tenary and quaternary amine substituents of acrylic acids and

  methacryllate and the quaternsation product of dimethyl methacrylate-

  aminoethyl with dimethyl or diethyl sulfate.

  The N-substituted acrylamides or methacrylamides more particularly preferred according to the invention are the groups of which the alyrl radicals

  contain from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and more particularly N-

  ethylacrylamide, N-tertiobutyl acayamlde, N-tertlooctyl acrylamtde, N-

  octylacrylamide, N-decylacrylamide, N-dodecylacrylamide as well as

corresponding methacrylams.

  The acid comonomers are chosen more particularly from acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, conventional, malelic, fumaric acids as well as alkyl monoesters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms of the acids or

maleic or fumaric anhydrides.

  The preferred basic comonomers are amlnoethyl methacrylates,

  butyl aminoethyl, N.-dlmnéthylamlnoéthyl, de N-tertiobutylamlnoéthyl.

  (4) crosslinked and alkylated polyamino amides partially or totally derived from poyaminoamides of general formula: OC-R-COZ- ± z] (1) in which R1 represents a divalent radical derived from a saturated dirbxyl acid, from an acid mono or dicarboxylic aliphatic with an ethylenic double bond, of an ester of a lower alkanol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of these acids or of a radical derived from the radission of any of said acids with a primary bis or bis amine secondary, and Z denotes a radical of a bis-primary, mono or bls-secondary polyalkylene polyamine and preferably represents: a) in the proportions of 60 to 100 mol%, the radical o en45 = 2 NH [(CH2) - M + (") ox = 2 and n = 2 or 3 or else x = 3 and n = 2 this radical deriving from diethylene triamine, triethylene tetraamine or dipropylene triamine; b) in the proportions of 0 at 40 mol% the radical (ILI) above, in which x = 2 and n = 1 and which is derived from ethylenedla mlne, or the radical deriving from piperazine:

N N

\ /

  c) in the proportions of 0 to 20 mol% the radical -NH- (CH2) 6-NH-

  derived from hexamethylenedlamlne, these polyaminoarnmnes being crosslinked by addition of a bifunctional crosslinking agent chosen from epihalohydrins. diepoxides, dianhydrides, bis unsaturated derivatives, using 0.025 to 0.35 mole of crosslinking agent by amine group of the polyaminoamide and alkylated by the action of acrylic acid, chloracetic acid or an alkane

sultone or their salts.

  The saturated carboxylic acids are preferably chosen from acids

  having 6 to 10 carbon atoms such as adipic acid. trimethyl-2.2. 4- and -

  2,4,4-adipic, terephthalic, ethylenic double bond acids as per

  example acrylic, methacrylic acids. itaconic.

  The alkane sultones used in the alkylation are preferably propane or butane suitone, the salts of the alkylating agents are preferably the salts

sodium or potassium.

  (5) polymers comprising zwitterionic units of formula: o

- R5 0

  R- = _-I CHh-O R4 xR in which R2 denotes a polymerizable unsaturated group such as an acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide or methacrylamide group, x and y represents an integer from 1 to 3, R3 and R4 represent hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or propyl, R5 and R6 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical in such a way that the sum of the carbon atoms in R5 and R6

does not exceed 10.

  Polymers comprising such units may also contain

  units derived from non-zwitterlonic monomers such as vinylpyrrolidone.

  dimethyl or diethylamnnoethyl acrylate or methacrylate or alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, acrylamides or methacrylamides or acetate

vinyl.

  By way of example, mention may be made of the methyl methacrylate /

  dimethyl carboxymethylammonio ethyl methyl methacrylate.

  (6) polymers derived from chitosan comprising monomer units corresponding to the following formulas:

CQ1OH CH-OH EH

HH H o-

H

(A) (B) (C)

Hey HH H \ -

jNNH2 NH H NHCOCHs H H H C = O

R-COOH

  the motif A being present in proportions of between 0 and 30%, the motif B in proportions of between 5 and 50% and the motif C in proportions of between 30 and 90%, it being understood that in this motif C, R represents a radical of formula: R7 - C- (O) n - CH i I in which if n = 0, R7, R8 and R9, identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl, hydroxyl residue , acetoxy or amino, a monoalkylamine residue or a dialkylamine residue optionally interrupted by one or more nitrogen atoms and / or optionally substituted by one or more amine groups. hydroxyl, carboxyl, acoylthio, sulfonic, an alkylthio residue in which the alkyl group carries an amino residue, at least one of the radicals R7, R8 and R9 being in this case a hydrogen atom; or if n = 1, R7, R8 and R9 each represent a hydrogen atom, as well as

  the salts formed by these compounds with bases or acids.

  (7) Polymers derived from the N-carboxyalkylation of chitosan such as N-carboxymethyl chitosan or N-carboxybutyl chitosan sold under the name "EVALSAN 'by the company JAN DEKKER (8) Polymers corresponding to the general formula (IV) are described in French patent 1,400,366:

- (CH-COH

(1V) N R. -I, N Ri3 R13_ n

R12

  in which Ro10 represents a hydrogen atom, a CH30 radical, CH3CH20, phenyl, R1 1 denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such as methyl. ethyl, R12 denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such

  than methyl. ethyl, R13 denotes a Lower alkyl radical such as methyl.

  ethyl or a radical corresponding to the formula: -R14-N (Ri2) 2, R14 representing a group -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH (CH3) -, R12 having the meanings mentioned cl above, as well as the higher counterparts of these radicals and containing up to 6

carbon atoms.

  (9) Amphoteric polymers of the type -A-Z-A-Z chosen from: a) the polymers obtained by the action of chloracetic acid or sodium chloroacetate on the compounds comprising at least one unit of formula:

-A-Z-A-Z-A- (V)

o A denotes a radical

-N N

  \, / and Z denote the symbol B or B ', identical or different B denote a bivalent radical which is an alkylene radical with a straight or branched chain having up to 7 carbon atoms in the main chain unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl groups and which may also contain oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur atoms, 1 to 3 aromatic and / or heterocyclic rings; oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms being present

  in the form of ether, thioether, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonium groups.

  alkylamine, alkenylamine, hydroxyl groups, benzylamine, oxide

  amine, quaternary ammonium, amide, imide, alcohol, ester and / or urethane.

b) The polymers of formula:

-A-Z-A-Z- V)

o A denotes a radical

-N N

  and Z denotes the symbol B or B 'and at least once B'; B having the meaning indicated above and B 'is a bivalent radical which is a straight or branched chain alkylene radical having up to 7 carbon atoms in the main chain, substituted or not by one or more hydroxyl radicals and comprising a or more nitrogen atoms, the nitrogen atom being substituted by an alkyl chain optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom and necessarily having one or more carboxyl functions or one or more hydroxyl functions and betainized by reaction with the acid

  chloroacetic acid or sodium chloroacetate.

  (10) (C 1 -C 5) alkyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers partially modified by semiamidification with an N, N-dialkylamlnoalkylanlne such

  than NN-dlméthylamlnopropylamlne or by semiesterification with an N, N-

  dialcanolamine. These copolymers can also contain other

  vinyl comonomers such as vinylcaprolactam.

  The linear polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers used in the context of the present invention preferably have the following general formula: (1 Y (R2SIO) to R2SIYO] [(CnH2nO) bl) c in which: - R and R 'identical or different , represent a monovalent hydrocarbon radical not containing aliphatic unsaturation, - n is an integer between 2 and 4, - a is an integer greater than or equal to 5, - b is an integer greater than or equal to 4, - c is an integer greater than or equal to 4, - Y represents a divalent organic group which is linked to the adjacent silicon atom by a carbon-silicon bond and to a polyoxyalkylene block by an oxygen atom, - the weight molecular average of each siloxane block is between approximately 400 and approximately 10,000, that of each polyoxyalkylene block being between approximately 300 and approximately 10,000, - the siloxane blocks represent from approximately 10% to approximately 90% by weight of the cop block polymer,

  the average molecular weight of the block copolymer being at least 3,000.

  R and R ′ are more preferably chosen from the group comprising alkyl radicals such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl radicals, aryl radicals such as, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, radicals aralkyl such as benzyl,

  phenylethyl, tolyl, xylyl and cyclohexyl radicals.

  Y is preferably -R "-, -R" -CO-, -R "-NHCO-, -R" -NH-CO-NH-R "-NHCO, -R" OCONH-R "'- NHCO-, or R "is a divalent alkylene group such as ethylene, propylene or butylene and R '" is an alkylene group

  divalent or a divalent aryl group such as -C6H4-, -C6H4-C6H4-, -C6H4-

CH2-C6H4-, -C6H4-CH (CH3) 2-C6H4-.

  Even more preferably Y represents a divalent alkylene radical, more

  particularly the radical -CH2-CH2-CH2-.

  The preparation of the block copolymers used in the context of the present invention is described in European application EP 0 492 657 Ai, of which

  teaching is included for reference in this description.

  The preferred linear polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymers according to the invention are chosen from those of formula: [C4H8 (CnH2nO) b C4H8 - SiMe20 (SiMe2O) aSiMe2lc or Me represents methyl, is an integer from 2 to 4, a and b are whole

  greater than or equal to 4, c is a number greater than or equal to 4.

  According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the block copolymer is chosen from the following copolymers: l [(CH3) 2SIO141 (CH3) 2SICH2CH (CH3) CH2-0 (C2H40) 18- (C3H60) 33CH2CH (CH3) CH2] 16.1 [[(CH3) 2SI0131 (CH3) 2SiCH2CH (CH3) CH2-0 (C2H40) 20 (C3H60) 29CH2CH (CH3) CH2I 13.3 l [[(CH3) 2SOlO9 (CH3) 2SiCH2CH (CH3) CH2O (C2H40) 20- (C3H60) 29CH2CH (CH3) CH2126.3 [l (CH3) 2S101 16 (CH3) 2SICH2CH (CH3) CH2-0 (C2H40) 18- (C3H60) 20CH2CH (CH3) CH2121.5 [[(CH3) 2SIOl9 (CH3 ) 2SICH2CH (CH3) CH2-O0 (C2H40) 5-CH2CH (CH3) CH2J4.8 The amphoteric polymer is preferably used in an amount between 0.1 and 25% by weight of the total weight of the composition. Again

  more preferably, this amount is between 0.5 and 20%.

  As regards the linear block copolymer, it is preferably used in one

  amount between 0.05 and 20% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

  Even more preferably, this amount is between 0.1 and 10%.

  The compositions according to the invention can be in the form of a gel, an emulsion (milk or cream), an aqueous alcoholic or hydroalcoholic lotion more

  or less thickened, dispersed or foam.

  They are more particularly styling lotions, lotions for brushing. fixing compositions (lacquers) and styling. Lotions can be packaged in various forms, especially in vaporizers, pump-dispenser bottles or in aerosol containers in order to ensure application of the composition in vaporized form or in the form of foam. Such packaging forms are indicated, for example, when it is desired to obtain a spray, a lacquer or a foam for fixing.

hair.

  The compositions may also be shampoos, compositions to be rinsed or not, to be applied before or after a shampoo, a coloring, a discoloration, a perm or a deflashing, coloring compositions,

  bleaching, perming or defying the hair.

  The cosmetically acceptable medium consists, for example, of water, a

  organic solvent such as for example an alcohol and mixtures thereof.

  The compositions according to the invention may also contain the additives

  usually used in cosmetics.

  When the composition according to the invention is packaged in the form of an aerosol in order to obtain an aerosol lacquer or foam, it comprises at least one propellant which can be chosen from volatile hydrocarbons such as n-butane, propane , isobutane, pentane and their mixtures, optionally with at least one chlorinated and / or fluorinated hydrocarbon. It is also possible to use carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide,

  dimethylether, nitrogen or compressed air.

  The process for treating keratin fibers, in particular the hair, consists in applying to the fibers at least one composition as defined above. The invention will now be more fully illustrated with the aid of the following examples which should not be considered as limiting it to the modes of

realization described.

  A shaping lotion with the following composition is prepared (MA = active material): - Chitosan derivative consisting of units: 0.5 gMA CH-OH Of-0 HEO CItOHH H H

OHH A) OH () O (C)

HNHCOC 0 H

NHI

H NHCOCF3 H N2H N

  in the proportions by weight: (A) = 0 to 20% (CH2) CoH

(B) = 40 to 50%

(C) = 40 to 50%

  - Block copolymer of formula: I gMA il [(CH3) 2SIOx (CH3) 2SiCH2CH (CH3) CH2o (C2H40) y- (C3H60) zCH2CH (CH3) CH2In with x = 9 to 11. y = 18 to 25, z = 28 to 35 and n is such that the viscosity of a

  10% polymer solution in ethanol, about 50 mPas.

  - Perfume, color, preservative qs - Ethanol 8.6 g - Water qs 100 g This composition has good fixing power and good cosmetic properties. Comoarative Example 1 The silicone derivative of the invention is replaced in the composition of Example 1 by a dimethicone copolyol sold by Rhone Poulenc under the name SILBIONE HULE 70646. The fixing power is lower than that of Example 1 EXc = mle 2 A spray for brushing is prepared in a pump bottle of the following composition: -Copolymer of maleic anhydride / methylvinyl ether

  modified to 70% (in mole) with N, N-

  dimethylaminopropylamine in aqueous solution at 23% of active material: 1 gMA - Block copolymer of formula: 1 gMA [[(CH3) 2SiO] x (CH3) 2SICH2CH (CH3) CH20 (C2H40) y- (C3H60) zCH2CH (CH3) CH2 ] n with x = 9 to 11, y = 18 to 25, z = 28 to 35 and n is such that the viscosity of a

  10% polymer solution in ethanol, approximately 50 mPa.s.

  - Perfume, color, preservative qs - Ethanol 8.6 g - Water qs 100 g Example 3 A styling mousse of the following composition is prepared: Methyl methacrylate / dimethyl caroxymethylammonro ethyl methyl methacrylate in hydroalcoholic solution (68/32) at 22% material active: gMA - Block copolymer of formula: 0.5 gMA [[(CH3) 2SIOIX (CH3) 2SiCH2CH (CH3) CH20 (C2H40) y- (C3H60) zCH2CH (CH3) CH2] n with x = 9 11, y = 18 to 25, z = 28 to 35 and n is such that the viscosity of a

  10% polymer solution in ethanol, about 50 mPas.

  - Perfume, color, preservative qs - Ethanol 8.6 g - Water qs 100 g This composition is conditioned according to the following pressurlsation scheme: Composition above: 90% - Butane / propane / isobutane mixture sold under the name AEROGAZ 3, 2 N by ELF AQUITAINE: 10%

Example 4

  A fixing spray is prepared in a pump bottle of the following composition: N-octylacrylamtde / Acrylates / Butyl aminoethyl methacrylate copolymer sold by the company NATIONAL STARCH under the name AMPHOMER neutralized 100% by 2-amino-2-methylpropanol -1: 4.36 g Block copolymer of formula: 1 gMA [l (CH3) 2SIOIx (CH3) 2SICH2CH (CH3) CH20 (C2H40) y- (C3H60) zCH2CH (CH3) CH2] n with x = 9 to 11, y = 18 to 25, z = 28 to 35 and n is such that the viscosity of a

  10% polymer solution in ethanol, approximately 50 mPa.s.

-Ethanol qs 100 g

Example 5

  An aerosol fixing spray of the following composition is prepared: Copolymer of N-octylacrylamide / Acrylates / Butyl aminoethyl methacrylate sold by the company NATIONAL SIARCH under the name AMPHOMER neutralized 100% by 2-amino-2-methylpropanol- 1: 8.72 g Block copolymer of formula: 2 gMA [[(CH3) 2SiOIlx (CH3) 2SICH2CH (CH3) CH20 (C2H40) y- (C3H60) zCH2CH (CH3) CH2] n with x = 9 to 11, y = 18 to 25, z = 28 to 35 and n is such that the viscosity of a

  10% polymer solution in ethanol, about 50 mPas.

  -Ethanol 10 g - Water qs 100 g This composition is conditioned according to the following pressurlsation scheme - Composition above 70% Dimethyl ether 30% E: xample 6 An aerosol fixing spray of the following composition is prepared: - Copolymer of N- octylacrylamide / Acrylates / Butyl amnnoethyl methacrylate sold by the company NATIONAL STARCH under the name of AMPHOMER neutralized 100% by 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol- 1: 11.8 g - Block copolymer of formula: 3 gMA l [ [(CH3 2SlOlx (CH3) 2SiCH2CH (CH3) CH20 (C2H40) y- (C3H6O) zCH2CH (CH3) CH2] n with x = 9 to 11, y = 18 to 25, z = 28 to 35 and n is such that the viscosity of a

  10% polymer solution in ethanol, about 50 mPas.

  - Ethanol qs 100 g This composition is conditioned according to the following pressurization scheme: - Composition above 37% - Dimethylether 43% Pentane 20%

Example 7

  A styling lotion of the following composition is prepared: - acrylamide / dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride / acrylic acid terpolymer in aqueous solution at 10% of active material sold by MERCK under the name MERQUAT PLUS 3330 0.8 gMA - Block copolymer of formula: 1.2 gMA Il (CH3) 2SiOlx (CH3) 2SICH2CH (CH3) CH20 (C2H40) y- (C3H60) zCH2CH (CH3) CH2] n with x --- = 9 to 11, y = 18 to 25, z = 28 to 35 and is such that the viscosity of a

  10% polymer solution in rethanol, approximately 50 mPa.s.

  - Perfume, color, preservative qs - Ethanol 12.9 g - Water qs 100 g

Claims (14)

  1. Cosmetic composition, characterized in that it comprises, in a cosmetically acceptable medium: - at least one amphoteric polymer, and   - at least one linear block copolymer polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene.   2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the amphoteric polymer is chosen from polymers comprising units A and B distributed statistically in the polymer chain and in which: either A denotes a unit derived from a monomer comprising at least one basic nitrogen atom and B denotes a unit derived from an acidic monomer comprising one or more carboxylic or sulphonic groups; either A and B denote groups deriving from zwitterionic monomers of carboxybetaine or of sulfobetaines; - Either A and B denote a cationic polymer chain comprising primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine groups, in which at least one of the amine groups carries a carboxylic or sulphonic group linked via a hydrocarbon radical;   - either A and B form part of a chain of a polymer with an ethylene unit a, -   dicarboxylic of which one of the carbaoxylic groups has been reacted with a polyamine comprising one or more primary amine groups or secondary.   3. Composition according to claim 2, characterized in that the amphoteric polymers are chosen from the following polymers: (1) the polymers resulting from the copolymerization of a monomer derived from a vinyl compound carrying a carboxylic group such as more particularly l acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, alpha-chloroacrylic acid, and a basic monomer derived from a substituted vinyl compound containing at least one basic atom such as more particularly the dlalkylaninoalkyl methacrylates and acrylates, dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylams and acrylamides; (2) polymers derived from diallyldialkylammonium and from at least one anionic monomer such as polymers comprising approximately 60 to approximately 99% by weight of units derived from a quaternary diallyldialkylammonium monomer in which the alkyl groups are chosen independently from alkyl groups having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and in which the anion is derived from an acid having an ionization constant greater than 10-13 and 1 to 40% by weight of this polymer, from an anionic monomer chosen from acrylic or methacrylic acids, the molecular weight of this polymer being between approximately 50,000 and 10,000,000 determined by gel permeation chromatography; (3) polymers comprising units derived from a) at least one monomer chosen from acrylamides or methacrylamides substituted on nitrogen with an alkyl radical, b) from at least one acidic comonomer containing one or more reactive carboxylic groups , and c) at least one basic comonomer such as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amine substituent esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids and the quaternization product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with dimethyl or diethyl sulfate; (4) crosslinked and alkylated polyamino amides partially or totally derived from poyaminoamides of general formula: - OC-Rd- Z Co-Z] () in which R1 represents a divalent radical derived from a saturated dicarboxylic acid, from an acid mono or dicarboxylic aliphatic with ethylenic double bond, of an ester of a Lower alkanol having 1 to 6 carbon atom of these acids or of a radical deriving from the addition of any of said acids with a primary bis or bis amine secondary, and Z denotes a radical of a bis-primary, mono or bis-secondary polyalkylene polyamine and preferably represents: a) in the proportions of 60 to 100 mol%, the radical NHE- + [(CH) - NH - (11)   o x = 2 and n = 2 or 3 or else x- = 3 and n = 2 this radical deriving from diethylene triamine, triethylene tetraamine or dipropylene triamine; b) in the proportions of 0 to 40 mol% the radical (III) above, in which x = 2 and n = 1 and which is derived from ethylene Lamin. or the radical deriving from piperazine: / \ -N N   c) in the proportions of 0 to 20 mol% the radical -NH- (CH2) 6-NH-   derived from hexamethylinedlamlne, these polyaminoamines being crosslinked by adding a bifunctional crosslinking agent chosen from epihalohydrins, diepoxides, dianhydrides, bis unsaturated derivatives, using 0.025 to 0.35 mole of crosslinking agent per amine group polyamlnoamlde and alkylated by the action of acrylic acid, chloracetic acid or an alkane sultone or their salts; (5) polymers comprising zwitterionic units of formula: - R3- R5 0 I 1 + f11 {. J_ (CR24 R6 R4X R6   in which R2 denotes a polymerizable unsaturated group such as an acrylate, methacrylate, aczylamide or methacrylamide group, x and y represents an integer from 1 to 3, R3 and R4 represent hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or propyl, R5 and R6 represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical in such a way that the sum of the carbon atoms in R5 and R6 does not exceed 10. it being understood that the above polymers may also contain units derived from non-zterltlonic monomers such as vinylpyrrolidone, dimethyl or diethylaminoethyl acrylate or methacrylate or alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, acrylamides or methacrylamides or vinyl acetate; (6) polymers derived from chitosan comprising monomer units corresponding to the following formulas: CH-OH CH-OH CH2-OH H H H H H HH (A)) (C) NH2 NH H NHCOCfI H H C = O R-COOH   the motif A being present in proportions of between 0 and 30%, the motif B in proportions of between 5 and 50% and the motif C in proportions of between 30 and 90%. it being understood that in this unit C, R represents a radical of formula: R7-C- (O) n-CH i in which if n = 0, R7, R8 and R9 identical or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl residue. hydroxyl, acetoxy. or amino, a monoalkyl residue or a dialkyl residue optionally interrupted by one or more nitrogen atoms and / or optionally substituted by one or more amine, hydroxyl, carboxyl, acoylthio, sulfonic groups, an alkylthio residue of which the alkyl group carries a residue amino, at least one of the radicals R7, R8 and R9g being in this case a hydrogen atom; or if n = 1, R7, R8 and R9 each represent a hydrogen atom, as well as the salts formed by these compounds with bases or acids; (7) Polymers derived from the N-carboxyalkylation of chitosan; (8) The polymers corresponding to the general formula (IV): ro (CH -CI] 2) --- H ---- C + I I COOH N-Ri1 I (V   NR14 I3_ n R12 in which Ro10 represents a hydrogen atom, a CH30 radical, CH3CH20, phenyl, R11 denotes hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, R12 denotes hydrogen or a lower aikyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, R13 denotes a lower alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl or a radical corresponding to the formula: R14-N (R12) 2, R14 representing a group -CH2-CH2-, CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH (CH3) -, R12 having the meanings mentioned above, as well as the higher homologs of these radicals and containing up to 6 carbon atoms; (9) Amphoteric polymers of the type -A-Z-A-Z- chosen from: a) the polymers obtained by the action of chloracetic acid or sodium chloroacetate on the compounds comprising at least one unit of formula: -A-Z-A-Z-A- (VI o A denotes a radical -N N   and Z denotes the symbol B or B ', B or B' Identical or different denote a bivalent radical which is a straight or branched chain alkylene radical containing up to 7 carbon atoms in the main chain unsubstituted or substituted by groups hydroxyl and may also contain oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur atoms, 1 to 3 aromatic and / or heterocyclic rings; the oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur atoms being present in the form of ether, thioether, sulfoxide, sulfone, sulfonium, alkylamine, alkenylamine groups, hydroxyl groups, benzylamine, amine oxide, quaternary ammonium, amide, imide, alcohol, ester and / or urethane; b) polymers of formula: -A-Z-A-Z- (V ' o A denotes a radical N N   \ / and Z denotes the symbol B or B 'and at least once B'; B having the meaning indicated above and B 'is a bivalent radical which is a straight chain or branched chain alkylene radical having up to 7 carbon atoms in the main chain, substituted or not by one or more hydroxyl radicals and comprising a or more nitrogen atoms, the nitrogen atom being substituted by an alkyl chain optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom and necessarily having one or more carboxyl function or one or more hydroxyl functions and betainlsées by reaction with chloracetic acid or sodium chloracetate; (10) alkyl (C1-C5) vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers partially modified by semiamidification with an NN-dialkylaminoalkylamine such   than N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine or by semiesterification with an N. N-   dialcanolamine, these copolymers optionally comprising other   vinyl comonomers such as vinylcaprolactam.   4. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized   in that the linear block copolymer corresponds to the general formula: (IY (R2SiO) a R'2SIYOI [(CnH2nO) b]) c in which: - R and R 'Identical or difierent, represent a monovalent hydrocarbon radical not containing of aliphatic unsaturation, - n is an integer between 2 and 4, - a is an integer greater than or equal to 5, - b is an integer greater than or equal to 4, - c is an integer greater than or equal to 4, - Y represents a divalent organic group which is linked to the adjacent silicon atom by a carbon-silicon bond and to a polyoxyalkylene block by an oxygen atom, - the average molecular weight of each siloxane block is between approximately 400 and approximately 10,000, that of each polyoxyalkylene block being   between about 300 and about 10,000.   the siloxane blocks represent from approximately 10% to approximately 90% 96 by weight of the block copolymer,   the average molecular weight of the block copolymer being at least 3,000.   5. Composition according to claim 4, characterized in that R and R ′ are chosen from the group comprising the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyle, phenyl, naphthyl, benzyl radicals,   phenylethyl, tolyl, xylyl and cyclohexyl.   6. Composition according to any one of claims 4 or 5, characterized   in that Y is chosen from the group comprising -R "-, -R-CO-, -R" -NHCO, R "-NH-CONH-R" 'NHCO, -R "-OCONH-R"' - NHCO -, where R "represents a radical   ethylene, propylene or butylene and R "'represents a group -C6H4-, C6H4-   C6H4-, -C6H4-CH2-C6H4-. or -C6H4-CH (CH3) 2-C6H4-.   7. Composition according to any one of claims 4, 5 or 6,   characterized in that the linear block copolymers polysiloxane-   polyoxyalkylene are chosen from those of formula: [C4H8 (CnH2nO) b - C4H8 - SiMe20 (SiMe20) aSIMe2] c o Me represents methyl, n is an integer from 2 to 4, a and b are integers   greater than or equal to 4, c is a number greater than or equal to 4.   8. Composition according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized   in that the block copolymer is chosen from the group comprising the following compounds: [[(CH3) 2Si0141 (CH3) 2SICH2CH (CH3JCH2-O (C2H40) 18 (C3H60) 33CH2CH (CH3) CH2] 16.1   [[(CH3) 2S10131 (CH3) 2SICH2CH (CH3) CH2-O (C2H40) 20- (C3H60) 29CH2CH (CH3) CH2] 13.3   L [(CH3) 2SIOlg9 (CH3) 2SiCH2CH (CH3) CH2-O (C2H40) 20- (C3H60) 29CH2CH (CH3) CH2126. 3 l [(CH3) 2SI01 16 (CH3) 2SICH2CH (CH3) CH2-O (C2H40) 18 (C3H60) 20CH2CH (CH3} CH2121.5 I [(CH3) 2S1OI9 (CH) 2SiCH2CH (CH3) CH2-O (C2H40 ) 5CH2CH (CH3) CH2] 4.8   9. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8. characterized   by the fact that the amphoteric polymer is present in proportions of between 0.1 and 25% by weight and preferably between 0.5 and 20% by weight   compared to the whole composition.   10. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized   by the fact that the linear polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene block copolymer is present in proportions of between 0.05 and 20% by weight and preferably between 0.1 and 10% by weight relative to the whole of the composition.   11. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized   by the fact that it is in the form of gel, emulsion, aqueous lotion,   alcoholic or hydroalcoholic, dispersion or foam.   12. Use of a composition as defined in any one of   claims 1 to 11 as, or for the manufacture of, styling lotion,   brushing lotion, styling or fixing composition, as shampoo composition, as rinse-out composition or not to apply before or after shampooing, coloring or bleaching, perming or straightening, coloring, bleaching compositions , of   permanent or hair straightening.   13. Process for treating keratin fibers. characterized in that at least one composition as defined in   any one of claims 1 to 11.   14. Use of a linear block copolymer polysiloxanepolyoxyalkylène as agent reinforcing the fixing power of a composition for the maintenance   hairstyle containing an amphoteric polymer.