FR2708543A1 - System of antagonistic windscreen wipers for wiping a motor vehicle windscreen and vehicle equipped with such a windscreen wiper system - Google Patents
System of antagonistic windscreen wipers for wiping a motor vehicle windscreen and vehicle equipped with such a windscreen wiper system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2708543A1 FR2708543A1 FR9309659A FR9309659A FR2708543A1 FR 2708543 A1 FR2708543 A1 FR 2708543A1 FR 9309659 A FR9309659 A FR 9309659A FR 9309659 A FR9309659 A FR 9309659A FR 2708543 A1 FR2708543 A1 FR 2708543A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- wiper
- window
- wiping
- windscreen
- wipers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
- B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
- B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
- B60S1/06—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive
- B60S1/08—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven
- B60S1/0814—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven using several drive motors; motor synchronisation circuits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
- B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
- B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
- B60S1/0402—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers completely or partially concealed in a cavity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
- B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
- B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
- B60S1/0452—Position of the wipers relative to the vehicle
- B60S1/0458—Arrangement wherein the windscreen frame cooperates with the wipers
- B60S1/0461—Arrangement of the side pillars
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un système d'essuie-glace pour l'essuyage d'une vitre, notamment d'un pare-brise, de véhicule automobile. The present invention relates to a wiper system for wiping a window, in particular a windshield, of a motor vehicle.
On connaît deux types de systèmes d'essuie-glace qui se différencient l'un de l'autre en fonction de l'emplacement des arbres d'entraînement des deux essuieglaces. Two types of wiper systems are known which differ from one another depending on the location of the drive shafts of the two wipers.
Dans un premier système, les deux essuie-glaces sont montés pivotants à proximité du bord longitudinal inférieur de la vitre à essuyer, l'un des arbres d'entrainement étant implanté sensiblement au milieu du bord longitudinal tandis que l'autre arbre d'entraînement est implanté à proximité d'une des extrémités du bord longitudinal, dans un angle. In a first system, the two wipers are pivotally mounted near the lower longitudinal edge of the window to be wiped, one of the drive shafts being located substantially in the middle of the longitudinal edge while the other drive shaft is located near one end of the longitudinal edge, at an angle.
Les deux essuie-glaces effectuent un balayage alterné simultané et en phase de la vitre à essuyer, les deux essuie-glaces étant, en position de repos, sensiblement parallèles au bord longitudinal de la vitre. The two wipers perform a simultaneous and phase alternating wiping of the window to be wiped, the two wipers being, in the rest position, substantially parallel to the longitudinal edge of the window.
Dans une seconde conception d'un système d'essuie-glace, celui-ci comporte deux essuie-glaces dont chacun est monté pivotant à proximité de l'une des deux extrémités opposées d'un bord longitudinal de la vitre, respectivement, et est entraîné en rotation usuellement à partir d'un motoréducteur commun implanté sensiblement au milieu d'un bord longitudinal et d'une tringlerie, de manière à effectuer un balayage de la vitre entre une position de repos et une position de fin de course de balayage. In a second design of a wiper system, this comprises two wipers each of which is pivotally mounted near one of the two opposite ends of a longitudinal edge of the window, respectively, and is usually rotated from a common gearmotor located substantially in the middle of a longitudinal edge and a linkage, so as to sweep the window between a rest position and a sweep end position.
L'invention concerne un système d'essuie-glace selon cette deuxième conception qui est appelé système d'essuie-glaces antagonistes, ou également système "papillon" car les traces de balayage des deux essuieglaces sur la vitre présentent sensiblement la forme d'un papillon. The invention relates to a wiper system according to this second design which is called the opposing wiper system, or also "butterfly" system because the traces of wiping of the two wipers on the window have substantially the shape of a butterfly.
Selon une conception connue d'un système d'essuie-glaces antagonistes, les deux essuie-glaces, en position de repos, s'étendent sensiblement parallèlement au bord longitudinal de la vitre. According to a known design of an opposing wiper system, the two wipers, in the rest position, extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal edge of the window.
Un tel agencement présente de nombreux inconvénients. Such an arrangement has many drawbacks.
En effet, en position de repos, les deux balais s'étendent en regard de la partie basse de la vitre, et notamment du pare-brise, dans la zone médiane de ce dernier et il en résulte une gêne pour le conducteur dont le champ de visibilité à travers le pare-brise est réduit. Indeed, in the rest position, the two brushes extend opposite the lower part of the window, and in particular the windshield, in the median zone of the latter and this results in discomfort for the driver whose field visibility through the windshield is reduced.
La présence des deux balais d'essuie-glace dans la zone médiane inférieure du pare-brise crée également de nombreuses perturbations aérodynamiques pouvant provoquer des bruits nuisibles pour le confort des passagers, ainsi qu'un accroissement de la traînée aérodynamique du véhicule. The presence of the two wiper blades in the lower central region of the windshield also creates numerous aerodynamic disturbances which can cause harmful noise for passenger comfort, as well as an increase in the aerodynamic drag of the vehicle.
Enfin, et de manière à maintenir les essuieglaces en position de repos pour résister aux efforts aérodynamiques lorsque le véhicule roule à vitesse élevée, il est nécessaire que les composants du motoréducteur pour l'entraînement des essuie-glaces soient surdimensionnés ce qui aboutit à un encombrement excessif du motoréducteur. Finally, and in order to maintain the wipers in the rest position to withstand aerodynamic forces when the vehicle is traveling at high speed, it is necessary that the components of the geared motor for driving the wipers are oversized, which results in bulk. excessive gear motor.
Afin de remédier à ces inconvénients, l'invention propose un système d'essuie-glaces antagonistes du type mentionné précédemment caractérisé en ce que, en position de repos, chaque essuie-glace s'étend sensiblement parallèlement au bord latéral de la vitre à proximité duquel il est monté pivotant. In order to remedy these drawbacks, the invention provides an antagonistic wiper system of the type mentioned above, characterized in that, in the rest position, each wiper extends substantially parallel to the lateral edge of the nearby window from which it is pivotally mounted.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention
- chaque essuie-glace est monté pivotant au voisinage de l'un des deux angles inférieur du parebrise, respectivement
- les deux essuie-glaces effectuent un balayage synchronisé de la vitre ; les deux essuie-glaces atteignent sensiblement simultanément leurs positions respectives de fin de course de balayage
- en position de fin de course de balayage, chaque essuie-glace s'étend sensiblement parallèlement audit bord longitudinal de la vitre ; et
- chaque essuie-glace est équipé d'un motoréducteur d'entraînement.According to other features of the invention
- each wiper is pivotally mounted in the vicinity of one of the two lower corners of the windshield, respectively
- the two wipers perform a synchronized wiping of the window; the two wipers substantially reach their respective positions at the end of the sweep stroke
- In the wiping end position, each wiper extends substantially parallel to said longitudinal edge of the window; and
- each wiper is fitted with a drive gear motor.
L'invention concerne également un véhicule automobile du type comportant une vitre encadrée par au moins deux montants latéraux, et notamment un pare-brise, et qui est équipé d'un système d'essuie-glace conforme aux enseignements de l'invention, caractérisé en ce que chaque montant porte un élément de protection de ltessuie-glace associé qui s'détend en regard de la portion adjacente de la vitre et qui masque au moins partiellement ltessuie-glace lorsque ce dernier est dans sa position de repos, l'élément de protection étant de préférence conformé en déflecteur aérodynamique. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle of the type comprising a window framed by at least two lateral uprights, and in particular a windshield, and which is equipped with a wiper system in accordance with the teachings of the invention, characterized in that each upright carries an element for protecting the associated wiper which extends opposite the adjacent portion of the window and which at least partially masks the wiper when the latter is in its rest position, the element of protection being preferably shaped as an aerodynamic deflector.
L'élément de protection peut être d'un seul tenant avec le montant ou être rapporté sur celui-ci. The protective element can be in one piece with the upright or be attached to it.
On appréciera qu'il est aisé de masquer au moins en partie les bras d'essuie-glace lorsque les essuieglaces sont en position de repos. It will be appreciated that it is easy to at least partially mask the wiper arms when the wipers are in the rest position.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre pour la compréhension de laquelle on se reportera au dessin annexé dont la figure unique est une vue schématique d'un pare-brise de véhicule automobile équipé d'un système d'essuie-glace conforme aux enseignements de l'invention. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows to understand which reference will be made to the appended drawing, the single figure of which is a schematic view of a motor vehicle windshield equipped a wiper system in accordance with the teachings of the invention.
On reconnaît sur la figure un pare-brise 10 de véhicule automobile (non représenté) qui présente une forme sensiblement rectangulaire délimitée par un bord longitudinal inférieur 12, un bord longitudinal supérieur 14 et deux bords latéraux, ou verticaux, 16G et 16D. We recognize in the figure a windshield 10 of a motor vehicle (not shown) which has a substantially rectangular shape delimited by a lower longitudinal edge 12, an upper longitudinal edge 14 and two lateral edges, or vertical, 16G and 16D.
Le pare-brise 10 est entouré d'un joint périphérique d'étanchéité 18 en matière élastique, telle que de l'élastomère, qui sert au montage du pare-brise dans un encadrement (non représenté) généralement constitué par le bord avant du pavillon du véhicule, par deux montants latéraux et par la partie supérieure 20 du tablier du véhicule qui est schématisée sur la figure. The windshield 10 is surrounded by a peripheral seal 18 made of elastic material, such as elastomer, which is used for mounting the windshield in a frame (not shown) generally constituted by the front edge of the roof of the vehicle, by two lateral uprights and by the upper part 20 of the vehicle deck which is shown diagrammatically in the figure.
Conformément à l'invention, le véhicule est équipé d'un système d'essuie-glace pour l'essuyage du pare-brise 10 qui comporte deux essuie-glaces antagonistes "ou papillons" 22G et 22D. Les traces de balayage sont visibles dans cette figure 1. According to the invention, the vehicle is equipped with a wiper system for wiping the windshield 10 which comprises two opposing wipers "or butterflies" 22G and 22D. The scanning traces are visible in this figure 1.
Chaque essuie-glace 22G, 22D est monté pivotant autour d'un axe 24G, 24D au voisinage du bord longitudinal inférieur 12 du pare-brise 10 et chacun à proximité de l'angle inférieur correspondant 26G, 26D du parebrise. Cette disposition libère de la place au milieu du bord 12. Chaque essuie-glace 22G, 22D, de manière connue en soi, se compose de deux éléments principaux à savoir un bras d'essuie-glace 30G, 30D portant de manière articulée un balai d'essuie-glace 28G, 28D apte à frotter sur la surface vitrée, ici le pare-brise 10, en variante la lunette arrière du véhicule. Each wiper 22G, 22D is pivotally mounted about an axis 24G, 24D in the vicinity of the lower longitudinal edge 12 of the windshield 10 and each near the corresponding lower angle 26G, 26D of the windshield. This arrangement frees up space in the middle of the edge 12. Each wiper 22G, 22D, in a manner known per se, consists of two main elements, namely a wiper arm 30G, 30D articulatedly carrying a blade. wiper 28G, 28D able to rub on the glass surface, here the windshield 10, alternatively the rear window of the vehicle.
Le bras 30G, 30D présente à son extrémité libre un moyen d'accrochage avec le balai 28G, 28D. Ce moyen consiste généralement en une extrémité recourbée venant enserrer un axe porté par une monture apte à supporter la lame d'essuyage, que comporte le balai 28G, 28D. The arm 30G, 30D has at its free end means for hooking with the brush 28G, 28D. This means generally consists of a curved end enclosing an axis carried by a mount capable of supporting the wiping blade, which comprises the brush 28G, 28D.
Eventuellement un dispositif de lave-glace peut être prévu. Pour plus de précision on se reportera par exemple au document FR-A-2 681 298.Optionally a windshield washer device can be provided. For more details, see for example document FR-A-2 681 298.
Chaque essuie-glace 22G, 22D est équipé d'un motoréducteur, (non représenté) qui permet de l'entraîner en rotation alternée autour de son axe 24G, 24D de manière à ce que le balai d'essuie-glace correspondant 28G, 28D puisse effectuer un essuyage alterné de la surface du pare-brise. De manière connue en soi, le moto réducteur comporte un arbre d'axe 24G, 24Dpour l'entraînement du bras 30G, 30D. Each wiper 22G, 22D is equipped with a geared motor, (not shown) which makes it possible to drive it in alternating rotation about its axis 24G, 24D so that the corresponding wiper blade 28G, 28D can perform an alternating wiping of the surface of the windshield. In a manner known per se, the reduction motor has an axis shaft 24G, 24D for driving the arm 30G, 30D.
Les motoréducteurs et les portions d'extrémité des bras d'essuie-glace 30G, 30D articulées autour des axes 24G et 24D, sont masqués par des tôles de protection 32G et 32D, qui peuvent être des élément de style. The geared motors and the end portions of the wiper arms 30G, 30D articulated around the axes 24G and 24D, are masked by protective plates 32G and 32D, which can be elements of style.
Sur la figure, les essuie-glace 22G et 22D sont représentés en traits pleins dans leur positions respectives de repos qui, conformément aux enseignements de l'invention, sont telles que les essuie-glaces s'étendent sensiblement parallèlement aux bords latéraux verticaux 16G et 16D du pare-brise 10 à proximité de ces derniers. In the figure, the wipers 22G and 22D are shown in solid lines in their respective rest positions which, according to the teachings of the invention, are such that the wipers extend substantially parallel to the vertical lateral edges 16G and 16D of the windshield 10 near the latter.
On a également illustré les essuie-glaces 22D et 22G dans leurs positions respectives de fin de course de balayage dans lesquelles ils s'étendent tous les deux sensiblement parallèlement au bord inférieur 12 du parebrise 10, le balai 28D étant alors disposé au-dessus du balai 28G. The windshield wipers 22D and 22G have also been illustrated in their respective sweep end positions in which they both extend substantially parallel to the lower edge 12 of the windshield 10, the blade 28D then being disposed above the 28G broom.
Ainsi, et comme on le comprend aisément en se reportant à la figure, les essuie-glaces en position de repos ne gênent pas la visibilité du conducteur dans la partie médiane du pare-brise et ils s'étendent également sensiblement selon la direction principale de l'écoule- ment aérodynamique le long du pare-brise et ne provoquent ainsi que très peu de perturbations aérodynamiques de cet écoulement et ne génèrent pratiquement aucun bruit parasite. Thus, and as is easily understood with reference to the figure, the wipers in the rest position do not interfere with the visibility of the driver in the middle part of the windshield and they also extend substantially in the main direction of the aerodynamic flow along the windscreen and thus cause very little aerodynamic disturbance of this flow and generate practically no parasitic noise.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, qui n'est pas représentée sur la figure, chacun des montants latéraux verticaux de l'encadrement du parebrise 10 peut comporter d'un seul tenant un déflecteur aérodynamique, qui s'étend en regard de la partie adjacente du bord latéral correspondant 16G, 16D du parebrise, de manière à masquer ou cacher au moins partiellement l'essuie-glace correspondant 22D, 22G lorsque ces derniers sont en position de repos. According to another characteristic of the invention, which is not shown in the figure, each of the vertical lateral uprights of the frame of the windshield 10 may comprise in one piece an aerodynamic deflector, which extends opposite the adjacent part of the corresponding side edge 16G, 16D of the windscreen, so as to at least partially hide or conceal the corresponding wiper 22D, 22G when the latter are in the rest position.
Chaque élément de protection conformé en déflecteur aérodynamique assure une protection de l'essuie-glace qui lui est associé, améliore l'esthétique du véhicule, et réduit encore davantage les perturbations aérodynamiques. Each protective element shaped as an aerodynamic deflector provides protection for the wiper associated with it, improves the aesthetics of the vehicle, and further reduces aerodynamic disturbances.
Bien entendu les éléments de protection de ltessuie-glace 22G, 22D peuvent être rapportés de manière fixe ou amovible sur les montants latéraux 16G, 16D du pare-brise 16G, 16D. Of course, the protective elements of the wiper 22G, 22D can be attached in a fixed or removable manner to the lateral uprights 16G, 16D of the windscreen 16G, 16D.
Ces montants portent dans tous les cas lesdits éléments de protection. These amounts carry in all cases said protective elements.
Les systèmes d'essuie-glace comportent des moyens d'entraînement et de commande qui, de préférence, provoquent un mouvement simultané de balayage du parebrise 10 par les deux essuie-glaces 22D et 22G en opposition de phases, ctest-à-dire que les deux essuie-glaces atteignent sensiblement simultanément leurs positions respectives de fin de course de balayage. The wiper systems include drive and control means which, preferably, cause a simultaneous movement of the windshield 10 by the two wipers 22D and 22G in phase opposition, that is to say that the two wipers substantially reach their respective positions at the end of the sweep stroke.
Par exemple, pour ce faire, les moteurs électriques des motoréducteurs sont reliés à un boîtier électronique de commande pilotant lesdits moteurs. Ce boîtier reçoit des informations provenant, par exemple, de la manette de commande des essuie-glaces à la disposition du conducteur. For example, to do this, the electric motors of the gearmotors are connected to an electronic control unit controlling said motors. This unit receives information from, for example, the wiper control lever available to the driver.
Les deux essuie-glaces 22G, 22D effectuent ainsi un balayage synchronisé du pare-brise 10. The two wipers 22G, 22D thus perform a synchronized sweep of the windshield 10.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9309659A FR2708543B1 (en) | 1993-08-05 | 1993-08-05 | Antagonistic wiper system for wiping a motor vehicle windshield and vehicle equipped with such a wiper system. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9309659A FR2708543B1 (en) | 1993-08-05 | 1993-08-05 | Antagonistic wiper system for wiping a motor vehicle windshield and vehicle equipped with such a wiper system. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2708543A1 true FR2708543A1 (en) | 1995-02-10 |
| FR2708543B1 FR2708543B1 (en) | 1995-09-08 |
Family
ID=9449976
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9309659A Expired - Fee Related FR2708543B1 (en) | 1993-08-05 | 1993-08-05 | Antagonistic wiper system for wiping a motor vehicle windshield and vehicle equipped with such a wiper system. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2708543B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001068421A3 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2002-02-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Wiper system for motor vehicles |
| WO2004052699A1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-06-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Windscreen wiper device, in particular for a motor vehicle |
| EP1571068A1 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-07 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles S.A. | Device for protection and storage for a windshield wiper of a vehicle in inactive state |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1755627A1 (en) * | 1968-05-31 | 1971-08-12 | Daimler Benz Ag | Windshield wiper drive for vehicles |
| JPS5686839A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-07-15 | Komatsu Metsuku Kk | Method of operating wiper |
| DE3512941A1 (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1986-10-16 | SWF Auto-Electric GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen | WINDOW WIPER, ESPECIALLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES |
| EP0405745A2 (en) * | 1989-06-26 | 1991-01-02 | General Motors Corporation | Vehicle window wipers with alternating symmetrical overlap |
| FR2649370A1 (en) * | 1989-07-05 | 1991-01-11 | Chausson Usines Sa | Windscreen wiper device for vehicles |
| DE4131597A1 (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-04-01 | Bjoern Dr Wygrala | Retracting mounting for motor vehicle windscreen wipers - has cassette holding wiper arms and wiper blades moving out of flush mounting to operating position. |
-
1993
- 1993-08-05 FR FR9309659A patent/FR2708543B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1755627A1 (en) * | 1968-05-31 | 1971-08-12 | Daimler Benz Ag | Windshield wiper drive for vehicles |
| JPS5686839A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1981-07-15 | Komatsu Metsuku Kk | Method of operating wiper |
| DE3512941A1 (en) * | 1985-04-11 | 1986-10-16 | SWF Auto-Electric GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen | WINDOW WIPER, ESPECIALLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES |
| EP0405745A2 (en) * | 1989-06-26 | 1991-01-02 | General Motors Corporation | Vehicle window wipers with alternating symmetrical overlap |
| FR2649370A1 (en) * | 1989-07-05 | 1991-01-11 | Chausson Usines Sa | Windscreen wiper device for vehicles |
| DE4131597A1 (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-04-01 | Bjoern Dr Wygrala | Retracting mounting for motor vehicle windscreen wipers - has cassette holding wiper arms and wiper blades moving out of flush mounting to operating position. |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 5, no. 158 (M - 91)<830> 12 October 1981 (1981-10-12) * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001068421A3 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2002-02-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Wiper system for motor vehicles |
| US6798163B2 (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2004-09-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Wiper system for motor vehicles |
| WO2004052699A1 (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-06-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Windscreen wiper device, in particular for a motor vehicle |
| EP1571068A1 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-07 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles S.A. | Device for protection and storage for a windshield wiper of a vehicle in inactive state |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2708543B1 (en) | 1995-09-08 |
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