FR2703389A1 - Binding axis mounting device for frame members, and connecting pin adapted for this device. - Google Patents

Abstract

The device is intended to ease the fitting and removal of pins which provide the connection of framework (structural) elements, particularly metal ones. This device comprises a three-part thrust cylinder body (6,7,8) designed to bear via its open front end on one framework element. The thrust cylinder body contains a chuck (36), which can move axially, with jaws (38) for gripping one end of a connection pin to be fitted or removed, and means for controlling the closing/opening of the chuck (36) as well as for pulling and axially moving this chuck in one direction or the other, it being possible for these means to be produced in the form of a set of three pistons (21,25,32) delimiting four chambers (46,47,49,50), means (4) being provided for supplying energy. Application to the assembly of the tower elements of a slewing tower crane.

Description

"Mounting device for connection axes for structural members, and

  The present invention relates to a device for facilitating the assembly and disassembly of axes which provide the connection between structural elements, in particular elements of a metal framework.

  invention finds particular, but not exclusively, its application in the assembly and disassembly of the connecting axes of the mast elements constituting the vertical tower10 raisable Tower cranes used on construction sites of buildings and public works.

  The tower of such a crane is generally composed of superimposable elements, called to be frequently assembled between them and separated from each other; these elements are designed, with regard to the choice of their length, to facilitate the transport of the crane in the disassembled state and to allow the adaptation of the height of the crane to its conditions of use on the building sites. The mast elements, generally of square horizontal section, are each constituted by four corner members (or uprights) united in pairs by a triangulation, also called bracing, composed of diagonals and crosspieces. In use, the mast elements are vertically arranged one above the other, and they are rigidly connected to one another

by their corner frames.

  The "end-to-end" connections made between these corner chords must ensure the continuity of the uprights of the vertical tower and the transmission of the longitudinal and transverse forces originating from the stresses produced by the upper part of the crane. Among the dismountable assembly devices known to date, in the field of application considered here, it is common to use splints and

pins or link pins.

  According to a first type, adapted to the profiles of open members such as angle profiles and described for example in French Patent No. 2185217, the assembly device comprises an inner splice and two outer splices on the lower upright, two inner reinforcements and two external reinforcements on the upper post, and two orthogonal connecting axes,

  offset relative to each other in the vertical direction.

  The establishment of the connecting pins is done manually and it is common to have to use a mass to introduce them completely into the bores.

intended to receive them.

  During disassembly, the connecting pins under the effect of corrosion or other chemical phenomena can be blocked by seizure and it is then necessary to exercise with the mass of significant shocks on the head of the axes to get them out of the bores These shocks can cause irreversible damage to the assembled parts or the abrupt ejection of the axes

  represents a danger for the entourage in the event of a fall.

  Under these conditions, it is often necessary to treat the axes superficially to avoid their corrosion and thus their seizure, and thus facilitate their assembly and

especially their disassembly.

  According to a second type, adapted to the profiles of hollow section members and described for example in the French patent application No. 2680813, the assembly device comprises an inner splice of cross section substantially in accordance with the hollow inner section of the frames and the axes orthogonal links of the inner splint with at least one of the two

chords to assemble.

  According to this embodiment, the mounting of the connecting pins on the site is facilitated by the fact that said axes each have two cylindrical portions of distinct diameters but not very different from each other, connected by an intermediate zone of progressive diameter. experience proves that the establishment of the connecting axes must be completed to the ground, as well as the beginning of their dismantling. The present invention overcomes the disadvantages set out above, by providing a device for facilitating the assembly and disassembly of the axes which provide the connection between the particular metal frame members, in particular tower crane mast elements. For this purpose, the device for mounting and dismounting connecting pins for structural elements, according to the invention, essentially comprises a cylinder body, able to bear by its open front end on a frame member and which encloses an axially movable mandrel for clamping an end of a connecting shaft to be mounted or disassembled, and means for controlling the clamping / loosening of the mandrel, as well as for pulling and axial displacement of this mandrel in a

  direction or in the other, and power supply means and control.

  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the device comprises, inside the cylinder body, a set of pistons mounted sliding axially which delimit several chambers receiving a hydraulic or pneumatic fluid, and a mandrel with fixed jaw to a front piston, while a connecting sleeve containing hydraulic or pneumatic hoses and an electric supply cable terminates at the rear of the cylinder body, a bellows being preferably mounted at the rear of the cylinder body and leaving

  passing the connecting sheath, and the cylinder body externally bearing at least a control handle.

  The device according to the invention thus appears as a portable tool, conveniently manageable, connected to an external energy source such as a hydraulic unit.5 Advantageously, the cylinder body is made in three parts, namely a part of tubular-shaped front cylinder body in which the front piston is slidably mounted, a tubular-shaped rear cylinder body portion in which is slidably mounted a rear piston, and a sealed partition wall between the front cylinder body parts. and rear This division of the cylinder body in three parts

  facilitates the manufacture of the device.

  According to a complementary feature, the cylinder body encloses: the front piston comprising a slidably mounted head inside the front cylinder body portion and a hollow rod oriented rearward and slidably mounted through a machined bore in the center of the partition wall, the rear piston connected to the hollow stem of the forward piston comprises a slidably mounted head inside the rear cylinder body portion and a rearward oriented hollow rod whose inner section forms a bore closed at the rear by a plug, a central piston comprising a head slidably mounted within the bore of the hollow rod of the rear piston and a forwardly directed rod slidably mounted through a machined bore at the center of the front piston head, and the

  mandrel fixed on the periphery of the front piston head.

  According to another characteristic, the mandrel comprises a bushing screwed to the head of the front piston, tiltable jaws disposed inside the bushing and a seat of frustoconical shape screwed onto the front end of the central piston rod and taking support on a projecting portion of the inside of the jaws The screw connections allow easy replacement of the complete mandrel, in particular to adapt the device according to the invention as a function of the diameter of the connecting pins to be mounted or dismantled. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the front cylinder body delimits, with the forward piston and the partition, a first chamber of annular section, while the inside of the hollow stem of said front piston forms, with the piston central and a portion of the bore of the hollow rod of the rear piston10, a second chamber of annular section, which communicates with the first chamber through orifices

  pierced through the wall of the hollow stem.

  In addition, the rear cylinder body defines, with the rear piston head, the hollow stem of the front piston and the partition, a third chamber of annular section, while the bore of the hollow rod of the rear piston forms, with the Central piston head and plug, a fourth chamber of circular section. The invention also has as its object, as such, a connection axis for frame members specially adapted for use with the mounting device

previously defined.

  According to the invention, such a connecting axis comprises a body in two coaxial cylindrical parts of distinct diameters but not very different from each other, connected by an intermediate zone of progressive diameter, the end situated on the side of the part larger diameter having a head formed of an extended base protruded by a short nipple, while

  the other end is formed of a frustoconical portion extended by a long nipple.

  The end portions of the short and long nipples are identical and shaped to the internal profile of the jaws of the mandrel These nipples can be made in one piece with the rest of the axis, or be reported, for example by screwing, at both ends of the mandrel. the axis, in which case the device according to the invention is preferably adapted for screwing / unscrewing said nipples. The device according to the invention is particularly adapted to the assembly and disassembly of the connecting axes of the mast elements constituting the upright tower tower tower cranes used on the

  construction and public works construction sites This device meets two objectives at the same time: safety and ease of assembly / disassembly work 10 of the linkage axes, in particular the linkage pins shaped as just indicated.

  In any case, the invention will be better understood

  using the following description, with reference to the drawing

  schematic annexed representing, by way of nonlimiting examples, embodiments of this device for mounting and dismounting connection axes for frame members, and the connection axis adapted to this device: FIG. overall perspective view of the device according to the invention with its feed group; Figure 2 is an axonometric view with partial section of the device alone; Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the device; Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a link axis adapted to this device; 5 to 9 illustrate the different phases of use of the device according to the invention for mounting the connecting pins; FIGS. 10 to 14 illustrate the various phases of use of the device according to the invention for dismounting the connecting pins ; Figure 15 shows an application of the device to the mounting of the connecting axes of the mast elements of a tower crane; Figure 16 shows, on an enlarged scale, a detail of Figure 15 with indication of the relevant connection axes. The assembly shown in FIG. 1 comprises: a device 1 for mounting connecting pins for frame members according to the invention, a hydraulic unit 2 connected to the device 1 via an interface block 3, and hydraulic hoses and an electric cable contained in a connecting sleeve 4, and a power supply 5 terminating in the

hydraulic unit 2.

  The casing of the device 1 represented in FIG. 2 comprises: a front cylinder body 6 of tubular form, open at its front end, a rear cylinder body 7 of tubular shape, centered on the front cylinder body 6 by intermediate of a partition 8 of sealed separation between the cylinder bodies 6 and 7, and an elastic bellows 9 crimped on the rear portion of the rear cylinder body 7 and tightly tightened

  sealed around the connecting sheath 4 which passes through it.

  Externally the device 1 further comprises a control handle 10 and two studs 11,12 respectively fixed to the upper front part and the upper rear part of the front cylinder bodies 6 and rear 7, for fixing a strap (not shown ) of bearing of said device 1 Other pegs 13, disposed internally towards the rear of the rear cylinder body 7, provide the attachment of a not shown net, also called "sock", for retaining the connecting sheath

4 in the event of an incident.

  The front 6 and rear 7 cylinder bodies are assembled together by flanges 14 and 15 respectively centered on shoulders 16 and 17 formed in the partition 8 and joined by means of screws 18; annular seals 19 and 20 seal against

level of the shoulders 16 and 17.

  As shown in detail in FIG. 3, the casing of the device 1 contains: a front piston 21, comprising a head 22 sliding inside the front jack body 6 and a hollow rod 23 facing backwards and sliding at the through a machined bore 24 in the center of the partition 8; a rear piston 25 fixedly connected to the hollow rod 23 of the front piston 21, comprising a head 26 sliding inside the rear jack body 7 and a hollow rod 27 oriented rearward whose inner section forms a closed bore 28 at the rear by a plug 29 fixed by means of screws and having a centering shoulder 30, an annular seal 31 sealing at the shoulder 30; a central piston 32, comprising a head 33 sliding inside the bore 28 of the hollow rod 27 of the rear piston 25, and a rod 34 directed towards the front and sliding through a bore 35 machined in the center the head 22 of the front piston 21; and a mandrel 36, comprising a bush 37 screwed onto the periphery of the head 22 of the front piston 21, tiltable jaws 38 disposed inside the bushing 37 and a seat 39 of frustoconical shape screwed onto the end of the rod 34 of the central piston 32 and bearing on

  a protruding part 40 of the inside of the jaws 38.

  To ensure the functional seal, annular seals 41, 42, 43, 44 and 45 are respectively disposed on the head 22 of the front piston 21, on the head 26 of the rear piston 25, on the head 33 of the central piston 32, in the bore 24 of the partition 8 and in the bore 35 of the head 22 of the front piston 21.35 The front cylinder body 6 defines, with the forward piston 21 and the partition 8, a first chamber 46 of annular section, while the inside of the hollow rod 23 of said front piston 21 forms, with the central piston 32 and a part of the bore 28 of the hollow rod 27 of the rear piston 25, a second chamber 47 of annular section, which communicates with the first by orifices 48 drilled radially through the wall of the

hollow stem 23.

  The rear cylinder body 7 delimits, with the head 26 of the rear piston 25, the hollow rod 23 of the front piston 21 and the partition 8, a third chamber 49 of annular section, while the bore 28 of the hollow rod 27 of the rear piston 25 forms, with the head 33 of the central piston 32 and the plug 29, a fourth and last chamber 50

of circular section.

  From the hydraulic unit 2 and the interface block 3, the first and second chambers 46 and 47 are fed by a first hydraulic hose of the connecting sheath 4 through an orifice 51 pierced axially in the wall of the rod. hollow 27 of the rear piston 25 and opening inside the second chamber 47, the third chamber 49 is fed by a second hydraulic hose through a hole 52 also drilled axially in the wall of the hollow rod 27 of the rear piston 25, while the fourth chamber 50 is fed by a third hose through an orifice 53 pierced axially in the closure cap 29

  the bore 28 of the rear piston 25.

  The functions of distributions, operating sequences and security are ensured by the block

interface 3.

  The device 1 thus described serves to assemble and disassemble connecting pins 54 as shown in FIG. 4. The connecting pin 54 has a body 55 having two coaxial cylindrical portions 56, 57 of distinct but not very different diameters. the other, connected by a short intermediate zone 58 of progressive diameter The end of the axis 54 located on the side of the portion 56 of larger diameter comprises a head 59 formed of a base 60 extended projecting by a stud 5 The other end 62 is formed of a frustoconical portion 63, with a diametrical bore 64 intended to receive a not shown pin for the immobilization of the axis, extended by a long nipple 65. The shape of the end Short 61 and long 65 nipples is identical and adapted to the jaws 38 of the chuck 36 of the device 1 according to the invention As described in more detail below, the long nipple 65 is used during the establishment of the axes of liaiso n 54 and the nipple

  short 61 during the removal of these same connecting pins 54.

  To illustrate the operation of the device 1 according to the invention, hereinafter will be considered the assembly and disassembly of the two-diameter axis defined in the dismountable assembling device for structural steel elements described in the patent application.

  French Patent No. 2680813 and shown in Figures 15 and 16.

  The assembly device carries out the end-to-end assembly of the hollow-section ribs 66, 7 belonging to two metal frame members 68, 69, such as two mast elements constituting the vertical tower 25 that can be raised by a tower crane, shown in FIG. As shown more particularly in Figure 16, this assembly device essentially comprises an inner splice 70 of cross section substantially in accordance with the hollow inner section of the ribs 66, 67, which is fixed on the site on one to less than two chords 66, 67 to be assembled by means of two two-diameter connection pins 54, as previously described, mounted orthogonal to each other and offset in position relative to one another in the longitudinal direction of the inner splice, therefore in the vertical direction Each axis of the link 54 passes through a corresponding bore 71 of the splint 70, as well as bores formed s in the

frames 66.67.

  The establishment of a connecting pin 54 using the device 1 according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS.

Figures 5 to 9.

  The connecting pin 54 is first partially introduced into the corresponding bore 71 manually and the device 1 according to the invention is brought to the opposite side to the head 59 of said connecting pin 54 in the extension of that here, the front end of the front jack body 6 being applied against one side of the

chord 66.

  The operating sequences are then as follows: Engagement of the jaws 38 of the mandrel 36 on the long stud 65 of the connecting pin 54, the front piston 21

  initially occupying its advanced position see figure 5.

  Clamping the jaws 38 on the nipple 65 in

  feeding the chamber 50 see figure 6.

  Traction of the connecting pin 54 by simultaneously feeding the chambers 49 and 50, so as to cause the recoil of the pistons 21 and 25 while maintaining

  clamping the jaws 38 on the pin 65 see Figure 7.

  Release of the device 1, away from the frame 66, by feeding the chambers 46 and 47 to cause the retraction of the casing of the device 1 relative to the piston 21 see Figure 8. Loosening of the jaws 38, releasing the pin 65, by feeding the chamber 47, while the chamber 46 does not increase in volume because the head 26 of the rear piston 25 is in abutment against against the bulkhead 8 see

figure 9.

  The removal of a connecting pin 54 by means of the device 1 according to the invention is illustrated in FIGS.

  at 14, and is performed in a similar manner.

  The device 1 is brought to the side of the head 59 of the connecting pin 54 in the extension thereof, one front end of the front jack body 6 being applied against one face of the chord 66, on the side opposite to the one previously used. The operating sequences are then as follows:

  Engagement of the jaws 38 of the mandrel 36 on the short nipple 61 of the connecting pin 54 see FIG.

  Clamping the jaws 38 on the nipple 61 in

  feeding the chamber 50 see figure 11.

  Traction of the connecting pin 54 by feeding

  rooms 49 and 50 see figure 12.

  Release of device 1 by feeding

rooms 46 and 47 see figure 13.

  Loosening the jaws 38, releasing pin 61,

  feeding the chamber 47 see figure 14.

  It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the embodiments of this mounting device for connection axes for frame members, and the connection axis adapted to this device, which have been described. above, as examples; it embraces, on the contrary, all the variants of implementation and application based on the same principle Thus, one would not depart from the scope of the invention: using a single cylinder body and monobloc; by modifying the shape of the pistons and their assembly; by modifying the supply system of the different rooms; replacing hydraulic energy with pneumatic or electrical energy for supplying the cylinder; integrating security functions into the device itself; adapting the device to the assembly and disassembly of connecting pins of different diameters, and of any shape, applicable to any metal structure or not, which can be achieved in particular by an interchangeable mandrel; with regard to the connecting pins, by providing removable pins, connected to the ends

  of these axes for example by screwing, in which case the device according to the invention is preferably adapted for screwing / unscrewing said nipples, manual screwing / unscrewing of the nipples still possible.

Claims (4)

  1 Device for mounting and dismounting connecting pins (54) for frame members (68, 69), in particular of metal frame, characterized in that it essentially comprises a cylinder body (6, 7, 8), adapted to be supported by its open front end on a frame member (68, 69) and which encloses an axially movable mandrel (36) for clamping an end (61, 65) of a connecting pin (54). ) to be mounted or disassembled, and control means (21 to 35) for clamping / loosening the mandrel (36) as well as for pulling and axial displacement of said mandrel (36) in one direction or the other, and power supply and control means (2 to 5). 2 device for mounting connection pins for structural members, particularly metal members according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises, inside the cylinder body (6, 7, 8), a set of pistons (21 25,32) slidably mounted axially which delimits a plurality of chambers (46,47,49,50) receiving a hydraulic or pneumatic fluid, and a chuck (36) with jaws (38) attached to a forward piston (21), while a connecting sleeve (4) containing hydraulic or pneumatic hoses and an electric supply cable terminates at the rear of the cylinder body (6, 7, 8), a bellows (9) being preferably mounted at the rear of the cylinder body (6,7,8) and allowing the connecting sleeve (4) to pass, and this cylinder body (6,7,8) carrying externally at least one control handle (10). 3 mounting device connecting pins for structural elements including metal according to claim 2, characterized in that the cylinder body (6,7,8) is made in three parts, namely a front cylinder body portion (6) of tubular form in which is slidably mounted the front piston (21), a portion of rear cylinder body (7) of tubular form also in which is slidably mounted a rear piston (25), and a partition (8) sealing partition between the front (6) and rear (7) cylinder body parts. 4 mounting device connecting axes for structural elements including metal frame according to claim 3, characterized in that the cylinder body (6,7,8) contains: the front piston (21) comprising a head (22) mounted slidably within the forward cylinder body portion (6) and a hollow rod (23) directed rearwardly and slidably mounted through a machined bore (24) in the center of the partition wall (8). ), the rear piston (25) fixedly connected to the rod (23) of the forward piston (21) comprising a head (26) slidably mounted within the rear cylinder body portion (7) and a hollow rod ( 27), whose inner section forms a bore (28) closed at the rear by a plug (29), a central piston (32) comprising a head (33) slidably mounted inside the bore (28) of the hollow rod (27) of the rear piston (25) and a rod (34) oriented towards the front t slidably mounted through a bore (35) machined at   center of the head (22) of the front piston (21), and the mandrel (36) fixed on the periphery of the head (22) of the front piston (21).   5 device for mounting connecting pins for structural elements including metal according to claim 4, characterized in that the mandrel (36) comprises a sleeve (37) screwed on the head (22) of the front piston (21), tilting jaws (38) disposed inside the bushing (37) and a seat (39) of frustoconical shape screwed onto the front end of the rod (34) of the central piston (32) and resting on a portion of protrusion (40) from the inside of the jaws (38). 6 device for mounting connection pins for structural members, particularly metallic members according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the front cylinder body (6) delimits, with the front piston (21) and the partition (8), a first chamber (46) of annular section, while the inside of the hollow rod (23) of said front piston (21) forms, with the central piston (32) 5 and a portion of the bore (28) of the hollow rod (27) of the rear piston (25), a second chamber (47) of annular section, which communicates with the first chamber (46) through orifices (48) drilled through the wall of the hollow rod (23). 10 7 mounting device connecting pins for structural elements including metal according to claim 6, characterized in that the rear cylinder body (7) delimits, with the head (26) of the rear piston (25), the rod hollow (23) of the front piston (21) and the partition (8), a third chamber (49) of annular section , while the bore (28) of the hollow rod (27) of the rear piston (25) forms, with the head (33) of the central piston (32) and the plug (29), a fourth   chamber (50) of circular section.   8 Binding axis mounting device for structural members including metal frame according to one   any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that   it is applied to the assembly and disassembly of the connecting pins (54) making the assembly of the mast elements (68, 69) constituting the upstanding vertical tower of a tower crane.   9 Linking axis (54) for framing members (68, 69) for use with the   mounting according to any one of claims 1 to 8,   characterized in that it comprises a body (55) in two coaxial cylindrical parts (56, 57) of different diameters but not very different from each other, connected by an intermediate zone (58) of progressive diameter, end located on the side of the larger diameter portion (56) having a head (59) formed of a base (60) protruded by a short nipple (61), while the other end (62) is formed from one part   frustoconical (63) extended by a long nipple (65).   Connecting shaft for structural members according to claim 9, characterized in that the pins (61,65) are attached, for example by screwing, at both ends of the axis (54), the mounting device (1) being preferably adapted for screwing / unscrewing said nipples (61,65).