FR2699238A1 - Frictionless roller or ball bearings in circular housings for use in railway, car or electric motor - has areas of roller or ball surface, with differing radii, running on inner and outer tracks. - Google Patents

Abstract

The bearing device includes intermediate elements (11), numbering at least three, which have different contact surfaces (12,14) for outer (13) and inner (15) tracks. For both tracks, the ratios of contact surface and associated track radii are made the same, so that each roller or ball can roll continuously round the bearing without slipping in relation to either track. Roller bearing elements have central sections running on the outer track (13), and reduced diameter lateral sections running on the inner (15), whose centre runs clear of the roller centre. Lateral sections similarly run clear of the outer housing. A cage (20) maintains spacing and prevents lateral displacement. For ball bearings, a V-section inner track provides contact (22,23) at reduced effective radius. Optionally, the outer track profile may employ a shallower V. USE/ADVANTAGE - For use in railway, car and lorry, electric motor and aeronautical and marine applications. Reduced friction and wear.

Description

DESCRIPTION

PERFECT WHEELS OR BEARINGS

BY CIRCULAR CONTACTS,

NO FRICTION FRICTION

  The present invention relates to a device for producing perfect wheels or bearings, the rotation of which

  is effected by circular contacts, without any friction by friction.

  Its explanation presupposes a prior retrospective.

_ THE FIRST WHEEL

  The first wheels, memorized in ancient Egyptian paintings, were cylinders (1), logs of wood for example, used to move on a flat surface (2) huge blocks of stone (3) FIGURE 1 Such a device, if the cylinder is exact, and the flat rolling surface, can be qualified as real rolling: 15 it transmits the totality of the force (4) which is applied to it no friction by friction exists between the moved object and the cylinder , neither between the cylinder and the rolling surface, hence the following relative evidence20: no heating between the object and the cylinder, nor between the cylinder and the rolling surface, even with heavy loads and high speeds , no wear at the contact points, no maintenance, no lubrication (a lubricant would constitute resistance), no loss of energy,

  possibility of using ordinary materials.

  The cylinder behaves like a perfect intermediary.

  But in this first type of bearing, only the circumference of the cylinder was used, and not the center

of the circle.

  A parenthesis of linguistic curiosity: the word "ball" initially designated a "wooden ball",

  that is to say a section of tree A similar remark could be made of the word "pebble".

2 THE SECOND WHEEL

  The modern wheel and bearing are born from the use of the center of the circle, as a fulcrum of a lever, to transport objects FIGURE 2 This device comprises three parts an external part (5), an internal axis (6)

an intermediate space (7).

  2.1 The empty intermediate space A primitive wheel consists of a cylinder

  hollowed out in the center and an axis, with nothing in between.

  Its disadvantages result from friction by friction between the axis (6) and the cylinder (5): wear, heating, waste of energy, difficulty in reconciling

  the smallness of the axis and its solidity.

  2.2 The fatty intermediate space Progress has consisted in injecting into the intermediate space (7) oil or fat, the elements of which acted as micro-balls between the axis and the

wheel.

  But this fatty intermediate space was precarious, reducing the disadvantages without eliminating them.

  Subsequent research has tended to remove this precariousness and mitigate the other disadvantages

by rolling devices.

  2.3 Roller bearings and ball bearings In modern advanced wheels, the intermediate space is a carriage of cylindrical rollers or

  spherical balls, connected by a bold space to the wheel on the one hand, in the center on the other hand.

  Modern ball bearings may appear final after countless

  improvements made to them This repeated research35 of improvements is in fact the sign of an imperfect device.

  The precariousness of the lubrication era has disappeared, but the other disadvantages still remain under heavy loads and at high speeds: heating, wear, lubrication, maintenance, waste of energy, need for difficult materials and treatments

and expensive.

  These drawbacks, which persist after several millennia, have a single cause,

  friction by internal friction, which modern bearings do not eliminate.

  2 4 Internal friction friction

  This friction by internal friction can be explained simply by means of FIGURE 3.

  A ball (8) of 2 cm in diameter rotates around an inner track (9) of 5 cm in diameter, and in a

  external track (10) 9 cm in diameter.

  The part of the ball which turns in the outer track travels in one revolution 9 x 3.14 = 28.26 cm that which turns around the inner track travels at the same time 5 x 3.14 15.70 cm or a friction by friction in one revolution over 12.56 cm from where the persistence, under strong pressures and at high speeds, of heating, wear, the need to

  lubrication and maintenance, and to use difficult and expensive materials and treatments.

  To remove friction by friction would remove these disadvantages.

  3 REINVENTING THE WHEEL: THE THIRD WHEEL

  The first wheel was a real wheel.

  The second, the current wheel, despite its advantages

  huge, is not a real wheel, but an imperfect device.

  The third wheel is the reconciliation of the first two, a wheel in the wheel, the first wheel in the

second, a perfect ride.

  3.1 The principle of the new bearing: the two-diameter caster FIGURE 4 In the "third wheel", the ball or the roller are replaced in principle by a cylindrical two-diameter caster (11), the length of which is indifferent, and the combinations between sections of variable large and small diameter (large diameter between two small diameters, or vice versa, alternation of large and small diameter repeated)

  FIGURE 4 shows a caster with a large central diameter.

  The large diameter part (12) of the caster rotates in the outer track (13).

  The small diameter part (14) of the caster

  revolves around the indoor track (15).

  The ratio between the outer track (13) and the large diameter part (12) is equal to that between the track

  interior (15) and the small diameter part (14), hence the ABSENCE OF FRICTION FRICTION.

  The length of the outer track (13 L is equal to the sum of the inner track (15) + large bearing (12)

  + small bearing (14), hence the EXACT CONTACT BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS.

  3.2 The calculation formula The calculations are carried out by an equation with two data and two unknowns, according to the following formula PE / GR = Pl / PR PE = Pl + GR + PR o PE means outdoor track Pl indoor track GR large bearing

PR small bearing.

  The two initial data are either the outer track and the large bearing, or the inner track and

the little bearing.

  3.3 An example of calculation The calculations are carried out from the diameters of the different elements, which allows control by the

calliper.

  Data External track Large bearing Ratio 4 5 90.00 mm 20.00 mm Results Internal track Small bearing Ratio 4 5 57.271 mm 12.727 mm Bearing groove Total internal 3.64 mm 89.998 mm

  Precision can of course be reduced or pushed.

  3.4 Four lines of structure FIGURE 5

  The device for the new bearing is constructed from four lines.

  Line (16) determines the diameter of the track

outside.

  Line (17) determines the inner track.

  Lines (16) and (18) determine the diameter of the large bearing.

  Lines (17) and (19) determine the diameter of the

small bearing.

  From these four lines, three types of bearings can be constructed.

  3.5 Roller device FIGURES 6 and 4 In this type the bearing is a cylinder with two

diameters (11).

  The description was made in chapter 3 1. The rollers, at least three in number, are maintained

  equidistant and perpendicular to the raceway by a carriage (20) consisting of two flat rings connected by

  spacers, or by a molded block.

  3.6 3-point ball device FIGURE 7 The intermediate bearing in this type is a ball rolling at three points. The point (21) rolls according to the diameter of the ball on the tangent outer track (16). The two points (22) and (23) are determined by the intersection of the inner track (17) and the

  ball The two inner tracks are tangent to the ball at these two points (22) and (23) .10 The balls are held equidistant by a carriage.

  3.7 4-point ball device FIGURE 8

  The intermediate bearing in this type is a ball rolling on four points.

  Points (24) and (25) are at the intersection of the outer track line (16) and the ball. The two outer tracks are tangent to the ball at these two points (24) and (25). The two points (26) and (27) are determined by the intersection of the inner track (17) and the ball. The two inner tracks are tangent to the ball.

  at these two points (26) and (27). The balls are kept equidistant by a carriage.

4 AREAS OF APPLICATION

  The areas of application seem immense, due to the space occupied by the wheel and the bearing in

modern life.

  4.1 A roller bearing The roller device FIGURE 6 and 4 constitutes a new type of roller bearing without any friction by

  friction, without heating, without wear, without lubrication, without maintenance, buildable in all materials.

  4.2 3-point ball bearing This device constitutes a ball bearing very close to existing bearings, but without any friction

  by friction, without heating, without wear, without lubrication, without maintenance, buildable in all materials.

  The transformation of current bearings into this new device only requires modifying the track

  interior so as to make it tangent to the ball at the appropriate ratio.

  4 3 A new type of wheel The new device is a wheel without axis or radius, with a new aesthetic and with new possibilities due to the recess in the center. Unlike current bearings, the efficiency

  of the new device increases proportionally to the diameter of the caster or ball.

  In general, it is particularly suitable if you are looking for heavy loads at high speeds no cooling no lubrication no maintenance

  ordinary materials and treatments.

5 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

  It is impossible to predict what will be the first industrial applications.

  5.1 Railways The new bearing seems desirable for the running of trains, ie at high speeds

either at heavy loads.

  5.2 Marine Propeller shafts Turbines Engines 5.3 Aeronautics Landing gear Turbines Engines 5.4 Automobiles

  Wheel bearings, gearboxes, engine.

  Hollowed out wheels for front wheel drive.

  5 5 Electric motors A new type of electric motor is possible. The outer track can constitute the stator, and the inner track the rotor, or vice versa, the two being electrically connected, without friction by friction,

  by the toothed rollers of the intermediate carriage.

  It is possible to build nested motors Three nested motors, each rotating at

  5000 rpm, gives a result to the central or external axis of 15000 rpm.

5 6 Electric car

  Each wheel can be a motor, the central part of which turns around a vertical axis.

  5.7 Escalator for the disabled A device with a non-circular and electric shape

  can constitute a handicapped car, capable by the flexibility of its three parts of climbing a staircase.

  5.9 Games Roller skate Skateboard

Single wheel vehicle.

Claims (6)

  1 Rolling device by circular contacts which allows the construction of perfect wheels or bearings, by the total absence of friction by friction, characterized in that it comprises an outer track (13) 5 connected to the inner track (15) by rollers (11) or balls rolling on two diameters, the largest (12) on the outside track, the smallest (14) on the inside track. The dimensions are calculated according to the equation with two unknowns: PE / GR = Pl / PR PE = Pl + GR + PR o PE means outdoor track Pl indoor track GR large bearing PR small bearing.   The two initial data are either the outer track and the large bearing, or the inner track and the little bearing.   2 Device according to claim 1,   characterized in that the bearing is a cylinder with two diameters (11).   The part of the large diameter cylinder (12) rolls by contact on the outer track (13), and the small diameter part (14) rolls on the inner track (15) .25 The rollers, at least three in number, are kept equidistant and perpendicular to the runway   rolling by a carriage (20) consisting of two flat rings connected by spacers, or by a molded block.   3 Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate bearing is a ball rolling on three points   The point (21) rolls according to the diameter of the ball on the tangent outer track.   The two points (22) and (23) roll on the two inner tangent tracks according to a smaller diameter of the ball, whose ratio is calculated according to the equation PE / GR = Pl / PR PE = Pl + GR + PR The balls are kept equidistant by a cart.   4 Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate bearing is a ball rolling on four points. Points (24) and (25) roll according to a diameter   of the given ball, on two tangent outer tracks.   The two points (26) and (27) roll on the two inner tangent tracks according to a smaller diameter of the ball, whose ratio is calculated according to the equation PE / GR = Pl / PR PE = Pl + GR + PR   The balls are kept equidistant by a carriage.   5 Device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the tracks   outer and inner bearing, and the cylinder with two diameters are toothed. The ratio between the number of teeth on the track   outer and large bearing, is equal to that between the number of teeth of the inner track and the small bearing.   The toothed cylinders themselves remain equidistant, without a carriage.   This device allows, without friction by friction,   a transfer of forces between the three parts of the device, according to the possible combinations between these three parts.   One of the possible combinations constitutes a differential device.   6 Device according to any one of   claims 1, 2 or 5, characterized in that the toothed wheels transmit an electric current between the track   interior and the exterior track, or vice versa, and play the role of coals in an electric motor, without friction.