FR2699065A1 - Self-compressing screw for treating bone end fractures - comprises hollow threaded rod with distal tip and bush with self-tapping surfaces - Google Patents

Self-compressing screw for treating bone end fractures - comprises hollow threaded rod with distal tip and bush with self-tapping surfaces Download PDF

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FR2699065A1
FR2699065A1 FR9215272A FR9215272A FR2699065A1 FR 2699065 A1 FR2699065 A1 FR 2699065A1 FR 9215272 A FR9215272 A FR 9215272A FR 9215272 A FR9215272 A FR 9215272A FR 2699065 A1 FR2699065 A1 FR 2699065A1
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self
screw
rod
bush
threaded
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FR2699065B1 (en
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Hardy Jean-Marie
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8685Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor comprising multiple separate parts

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

The screw comprises a hollow rod (1) which can be fitted onto a guide pin, with its distal end having a self-tapping tip (1a) for anchoring in the spongy tissue of the bone. The remainder of the rod has a threaded surface (1b) of smaller and finer pitch which can receive a threaded bush (2). The bush has the same internal thread as the rod and an external thread of larger pitch, but slightly smaller than that of the distal tip (1a). The bush is shaped to receive a key which rotates and tensions it. The bush can be in different shapes, depending on the type of bone fragments to be joined, and the rod can be of any length, e.g. cut to length after fitting. USE/ADVANTAGE - For treating bone end fractures. Assembled from small range of standardised components.

Description

Vis autocompressive Pour le traitement des fractures éninhvsaires ettou ostéo-chondrales. Self-compressing screw For the treatment of primary and / or osteochondral fractures.

On sait que certaines fractures des os, notamment en zone épiphysaire, nécessitent pour leur réparation, l'utilisation de vis. Dans le cas de fractures ostéo-chondrales, c'est-à-dire de fractures osseuses avec fragment cartilagineux, on utilise également des vis. We know that certain bone fractures, especially in the epiphyseal area, require the use of screws for their repair. In the case of osteochondral fractures, i.e. bone fractures with cartilage fragment, screws are also used.

Un grand nombre de fractures épiphysaires, telles que celles des condyles du fémur, sont ostéo-synthésées au moyen de vis. A cet égard, après réduction de la fracture et mise en place de la vis, cette dernière exerce une compression au niveau du foyer de fracture, assurant une. bonne stabilité. La compression s'exerce par l'intermédiaire de la zone d'ancrage filetée dans l'os et, à l'opposé, par la tête de vis qui s'appuie sur la corticale osseuse. Par contre, après mise en place de la vis, sa tête apparait en débordement de l'os, ce qui n'est pas rationnel. A noter également que la pression exercée par la tête de vis sur la surface externe de l'os n'est pas toujours bien tolérée. A large number of epiphyseal fractures, such as those of the condyles of the femur, are osteosynthesized using screws. In this regard, after reduction of the fracture and placement of the screw, the latter exerts compression at the fracture site, ensuring a. good stability. The compression is exerted via the threaded anchoring zone in the bone and, conversely, by the screw head which rests on the bone cortex. By cons, after placing the screw, its head appears to overflow from the bone, which is not rational. Note also that the pressure exerted by the screw head on the external surface of the bone is not always well tolerated.

Dans le cas de factures ostéo-chondrales, c'est-à-dire comportant un fragment revêtu d'une couche cartilagineuse, l'utilisation d'une vis classique n'est guère possible, compte-tenu de sa tête qui apparait en saillie, interdisant tout mouvement d'articulation. La figure 1 montre une fracture ostéo-chondrale réduite au moyen d'une vis classique. In the case of osteochondral invoices, that is to say comprising a fragment coated with a cartilaginous layer, the use of a conventional screw is hardly possible, given its head which appears protruding , prohibiting any movement of articulation. Figure 1 shows a reduced osteochondral fracture using a conventional screw.

Pour tenter de remédier à ces inconvénients, on a proposé une vis autocompressive et ne présentant pas de tête. Ce type de vis est décrit dans le brevet HERBER T DE 2807364. Cette vis autocompressive permet d'obtenir une compression inter-fragmentaire sans saillie apparente au niveau de la partie externe de la corticale. Une telle vis peut donc être utilisée dans le cas de fractures ostéo-chondrales. In an attempt to remedy these drawbacks, a self-compressive screw having no head has been proposed. This type of screw is described in HERBER T patent DE 2807364. This self-compressing screw makes it possible to obtain inter-fragmentary compression without apparent protrusion at the level of the external part of the cortex. Such a screw can therefore be used in the case of osteochondral fractures.

Ce type de vis présente, à son extrémité proximale, une portée taraudée coopérant avec l'os, notamment cortical. L'extrémité distale de cette vis présente également une portée taraudée de diamètre inférieur à l'autre portée et d'un pas réduit pour assurer la compression. La figure 2 montre le principe de réduction d'une fracture, au moyen de la vis HERBER T. A noter que cette vis est creuse pour être engagée sur une broche guide mise préalablement en place au niveau du foyer de fracture. This type of screw has, at its proximal end, a tapped surface cooperating with the bone, in particular cortical. The distal end of this screw also has a tapped bearing of diameter smaller than the other bearing and of a reduced pitch to ensure compression. Figure 2 shows the principle of reduction of a fracture, using the HERBER T screw. Note that this screw is hollow to be engaged on a guide pin previously placed at the fracture site.

Cependant, compte-tenu de sa conception, il est nécessaire de disposer d'un nombre important de tailles. En outre, le filetage de l'extrémité proximale au niveau de la corticale de l'os est très souvent insuffisamment ancrée pour maintenir la compression, de sorte que cette vis est difficilement utilisable chez un sujet agé. However, given its design, it is necessary to have a large number of sizes. In addition, the thread of the proximal end at the cortex of the bone is very often insufficiently anchored to maintain compression, so that this screw is difficult to use in an elderly subject.

L'invention s'est fixée pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients, de manière simple, sûre, efficace et rationnelle. The object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks in a simple, safe, effective and rational manner.

Le problème que se propose de résoudre l'invention est de réaliser une vis autocompressive de taille unique permettant de traiter des fractures épiphysaires, même chez le sujet agé, et des fractures ostéochondrales. The problem which the invention proposes to solve is to produce a self-compressing screw of a single size making it possible to treat epiphyseal fractures, even in the elderly, and osteochondral fractures.

Pour résoudre un tel problème, il a été conçu et mis au point, une vis autocompressive comprenant une tige creuse apte à être engagée sur une broche guide mise en place au niveau de la fracture, ladite tige présentant à son extrémité distale, une portée filetée autotaraudante, apte à s'ancrer dans le spongieux de l'os et, à son extrémité opposée, une portée filetée de diamètre inférieur et de pas plus réduit, destinée à recevoir une douille taraudée de pas correspondant et dont le diamètre extérieur est fileté d'un pas déterminé, pour être ancrée dans le fragment osseux, tout en le comprimant.  To solve such a problem, it was designed and developed, a self-compressive screw comprising a hollow rod capable of being engaged on a guide pin placed at the fracture, said rod having at its distal end, a threaded seat self-tapping, capable of being anchored in the cancellous bone and, at its opposite end, a threaded seat of smaller diameter and not more reduced, intended to receive a threaded socket of corresponding pitch and whose outer diameter is threaded d '' a determined step, to be anchored in the bone fragment, while compressing it.

Pour résoudre le problème posé d'assurer la compression, le diamètre extérieur de la douille est très légèrement supérieur au diamètre extérieur de l'extrémité distale. Le pas du filet de la douille est très légèrement inférieur à celui de l'extrémité distale. To solve the problem of ensuring compression, the outside diameter of the sleeve is very slightly greater than the outside diameter of the distal end. The thread pitch of the socket is very slightly lower than that of the distal end.

Pour résoudre le problème posé de mettre en place la douille, cette dernière présente des agencements pour être manoeuvrés à partir de l'extérieur. To solve the problem posed of setting up the socket, the latter has arrangements for being operated from the outside.

Ces agencements sont constitués soit par deux encoches diamétralement opposées aptes à coopérer avec des agencements complémentaires d'une clé de manoeuvre, soit par une tête de vis, apte à coopérer avec un tourne vis. These arrangements are constituted either by two diametrically opposite notches capable of cooperating with arrangements complementary to an operating key, or by a screw head, capable of cooperating with a screwdriver.

Pour résoudre le problème posé d'avoir une vis autocompressive de taille unique, la portée filetée de diamètre inférieur et de pas réduit, s'étend au dela de l'extrémité distale, sur la quasi totalité de la longueur de la tige, pour être coupée à la longueur désirée après mise en place. To solve the problem of having a single-size autocompressive screw, the threaded seat of smaller diameter and of reduced pitch, extends beyond the distal end, over almost the entire length of the rod, to be cut to the desired length after installation.

L'invention est exposée, ci-après plus en détail à l'aide des dessins annexés, dans lesquels:
La figure 1 est une vue en perspective montrant une fracture ostéo-chondrale de l'extrémité du fémur, réduite par une vis classique.
The invention is set out below in more detail using the appended drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view showing an osteochondral fracture of the end of the femur, reduced by a conventional screw.

La figure 2 est une vue correspondant à la figure 1, dans le cas où la fracture est réduite au moyen d'une vis HERBERT. Figure 2 is a view corresponding to Figure 1, in the case where the fracture is reduced by means of a HERBERT screw.

La figure 3 est une vue en perspective des éléments constitutifs de la vis selon l'invention.  Figure 3 is a perspective view of the components of the screw according to the invention.

La figure 4 est une vue en coupe longitudinale de la tige et de la douille avant assemblage. Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rod and the socket before assembly.

La figure 5 est une vue correspondant à la figure 4 après mise en place de la douille. Figure 5 is a view corresponding to Figure 4 after installation of the sleeve.

La figure 6 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'une autre forme de réalisation de la douille. Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of another embodiment of the sleeve.

Les figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 et 14 sont des vues en perspective montrant la technique de pose de la vis autocompressive selon l'invention. Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are perspective views showing the technique for installing the self-compressive screw according to the invention.

La figure 15 est une vue correspondant aux figures 1 et 2, dans le cas où la fracture est réduite par la vis autocompressive selon l'invention. Figure 15 is a view corresponding to Figures 1 and 2, in the case where the fracture is reduced by the autocompressive screw according to the invention.

Comme le montrent les figures 3 et 4, la vis comprend une tige creuse (1) destinée à être engagée sur une broche guide (B) mise en place au niveau de la fracture, comme il sera-indiqué dans la suite de la description. Cette tige (1) présente à son extrémité distale, une portée filetée auto-taraudante (la) destinée à coopérer avec le spongieux de l'os. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the screw comprises a hollow rod (1) intended to be engaged on a guide pin (B) placed at the fracture, as will be indicated in the following description. This rod (1) has, at its distal end, a self-tapping threaded seat (la) intended to cooperate with the cancellous bone.

A son extrémité opposée, la tige (1) présente une portée filetée (1 b) destinée à recevoir une douille taraudée (2) de pas correspondant.At its opposite end, the rod (1) has a threaded seat (1b) intended to receive a threaded socket (2) of corresponding pitch.

De manière importante, la portée filetée (lob) à un pas de longueur (I) inférieur à la longueur du pas (L) de la portée filetée distale (la). La portée (lob) a donc un pas plus "rapide" que celui de la portée (la), de sorte que la douille (2), vissée sur la portée (il), va se déplacer rapidement. Importantly, the threaded seat (lob) at a pitch of length (I) less than the length of the step (L) of the distal threaded seat (la). The scope (lob) therefore has a step "faster" than that of the scope (la), so that the sleeve (2), screwed onto the scope (it), will move quickly.

Le diamètre externe (D) de la douille (2) est très légèrement supérieur au diamètre externe (d) que la portée distale filetée (la). En outre, la longueur du pas (11) du filet de la douille (2) est supérieur à la longueur du pas (I) du filet de la portée (lob) et très légèrement inférieur à la longueur (L) du pas du filet de la portée distale (1 a). La portée filetée (lb) s'étend sur la quasi totalité de la longueur de la tige. The external diameter (D) of the sleeve (2) is very slightly greater than the external diameter (d) than the threaded distal seat (la). In addition, the length of the pitch (11) of the socket thread (2) is greater than the length of the pitch (I) of the bearing thread (lob) and very slightly less than the length (L) of the thread pitch of the distal range (1 a). The threaded seat (lb) extends over almost the entire length of the rod.

La douille (2) présente des agencements pour être manoeuvrés à partir de l'extérieur, afin d'être vissé sur la portée filetée (lob). Ces agencements peuvent être constitués par deux encoches verticales diamètralement opposées (2a) destinées à coopérer avec des ergots que présente une clé de manoeuvre (figures 4 et 5). Ou bien ces agencements peuvent être constitués par une tête de vis (2b) conformée pour être manoeuvrée, par exemple, par un tourne vis. The socket (2) has arrangements for being operated from the outside, so as to be screwed onto the threaded surface (lob). These arrangements can be constituted by two diametrically opposite vertical notches (2a) intended to cooperate with lugs that have an operating key (Figures 4 and 5). Or these arrangements can be constituted by a screw head (2b) shaped to be operated, for example, by a screwdriver.

Il convient maintenant d'analyser le mode opératoire pour la mise en place de la vis autocompressive selon l'inveiition, telle que définie et illustrée. On renvoie aux figures 7 à 15. It is now necessary to analyze the operating mode for the installation of the autocompressive screw according to the invention, as defined and illustrated. We refer to Figures 7 to 15.

Dans un premier temps, après réduction de la fracture, la broche guide (B) est mise en place (figure 7). Sur cette broche, est engagé un forêt jusqu'au niveau de la corticale opposée au point d'introduction (figure 8). Firstly, after reduction of the fracture, the guide pin (B) is put in place (Figure 7). On this spindle, a forest is engaged up to the level of the cortex opposite the point of introduction (Figure 8).

On réalise ensuite un taraudage de diamètre correspondant à celui de la portée filetée (la) (figure 9), réalisant ainsi un tunnel intraosseux taraudé. On engage ensuite, dans ce tunnel ainsi formé, l'ensemble de la tige (1) engagée à partir de son extrémité distale (la).  A tapping is then carried out with a diameter corresponding to that of the threaded seat (la) (FIG. 9), thus producing a tapped intra-bone tunnel. Then engaged in this tunnel thus formed, the entire rod (1) engaged from its distal end (la).

Pour le vissage de la tige, on peut utiliser par exemple, une perceuse tournant à basse vitesse. La broche guide (B) est toujours en place.For the screwing of the rod, one can use for example, a drill turning at low speed. The guide pin (B) is still in place.

A ce stade on voit que la tige (1) passe successivement dans le fragment osseux initialement fracturé, puis dans l'os sur lequel il a été réduit (figure 10). L'extrémité distale (la) ne doit pas perforer la corticale opposée. Cette portée filetée (la) est ancrée dans l'os et maintient l'ensemble de la tige (1).La portée filetée (lob) déborde largement de l'os (figure 11). Sur la partie débordante de la portée (lob), est vissée la douille (2) qui vient s'ancrer dans le fragment osseux tout en le comprimant, étant donné que chaque tour a pour effet d'ancrer ladite douille dans le fragment, tout en assurant simultanémment un rapprochement plus rapide, compte-tenu de la différence de pas entre les portées (lob) et (la). On réalise ainsi une compression (figure 12). At this stage we see that the rod (1) passes successively into the initially fractured bone fragment, then into the bone on which it has been reduced (Figure 10). The distal end (la) must not perforate the opposite cortex. This threaded seat (la) is anchored in the bone and holds the entire rod (1). The threaded seat (lob) extends well beyond the bone (Figure 11). On the projecting part of the seat (lob), is screwed the sleeve (2) which is anchored in the bone fragment while compressing it, since each turn has the effect of anchoring said sleeve in the fragment, while by simultaneously ensuring a faster approximation, taking into account the difference in pitch between the ranges (lob) and (la). This produces compression (Figure 12).

L'extrémité débordante de la portée filetée (lob) est alors sectionnée au moyen par exemple, d'une pince coupante et écrasante assurant le blocage en translation de la douille (2) (figures 13 et 14).The projecting end of the threaded surface (lob) is then sectioned by means, for example, of a cutting and crushing pliers ensuring the locking in translation of the sleeve (2) (Figures 13 and 14).

A noter que le choix de la douille est déterminé en fonction du type de fracture. Par exemple, si l'on se situe en zone libre, c'est-à-dire si la tête de vis n'est pas génante, la douille utilisée est du type de celle décrite et illustrée figure 6. Par contre, si l'on se situe en zone chondrale, la douille utilisée est du type de celle illustrée figure 4 et sera vissée pour être enfuie de 1 à 2 mm par rapport à la surface du cartilage. Note that the choice of socket is determined based on the type of fracture. For example, if one is in a free zone, that is to say if the screw head is not annoying, the socket used is of the type described and illustrated in FIG. 6. On the other hand, if the 'we are in the chondral zone, the socket used is of the type illustrated in Figure 4 and will be screwed to be inserted 1 to 2 mm from the surface of the cartilage.

Les avantages ressortent bien de la description, en particulier on souligne et on rappelle que la vis autocompressive peut être utilisée:
- en tant que vis spécifique à taille unique, pour fractures ostéochondrales,
- en tant que vis standard à taille unique avec comme pour conséquence, le fait que le filetage de la douille soulage la pression exercée par la partie de la tige sur la face externe de la corticale.
The advantages are clear from the description, in particular it is emphasized and recalled that the self-compressing screw can be used:
- as a specific single-size screw, for osteochondral fractures,
- as a standard one-size screw with the consequence that the thread of the socket relieves the pressure exerted by the part of the rod on the external face of the cortex.

L'ensemble de la vis, à savoir la tige et la douille, peut être réalisé en tout type de matériau, notamment en titane ou en matériau inoxydable.  The assembly of the screw, namely the rod and the socket, can be made of any type of material, in particular titanium or stainless material.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS -1- Vis autocompressive pour le traitement des fractures épiphysaires etlou ostéo-chondrales comprenant une tige creuse (1) apte à être engagée sur une broche guide mise en place au niveau de la fracture, caractérisée en ce que ladite tige (1) présente à son extrémité distale, une portée filetée autotaraudante (la), apte à s'ancrer dans le spongieux de l'os et, à son extrémité opposée, une portée filetée (lb) de diamètre inférieur et de pas plus réduit, destinée à recevoir une douille taraudée (2) de pas correspondant et dont le diamètre extérieur est fileté d'un pas déterminé, pour être ancré dans le fragment osseux, tout en le comprimant.-1- Self-compressing screw for the treatment of epiphyseal and / or osteochondral fractures comprising a hollow rod (1) capable of being engaged on a guide pin placed at the level of the fracture, characterized in that said rod (1) has its distal end, a self-tapping threaded seat (la), capable of being anchored in the cancellous bone and, at its opposite end, a threaded seat (lb) of smaller diameter and not smaller, intended to receive a threaded sleeve (2) of corresponding pitch and whose external diameter is threaded with a determined pitch, to be anchored in the bone fragment, while compressing it. -2- Vis selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre extérieur de la douille (2) est très légèrement supérieur au diamètre extérieur de l'extrémité distale (1 a).-2- Screw according to claim 1, characterized in that the outside diameter of the sleeve (2) is very slightly greater than the outside diameter of the distal end (1a). -3-- Vis selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le pas du filet de la douille (2) est très légèrement inférieur à celui de l'extrémité distale (la). -3-- Screw according to claim 1, characterized in that the pitch of the thread of the sleeve (2) is very slightly less than that of the distal end (la). -4- Vis selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la douille (2) présente des agencements pour être manoeuvrés à partir de l'extérieur. -4- Screw according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve (2) has arrangements to be operated from the outside. -5- Vis selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les agencements sont constitués par deux encoches (2a) diamétralement opposées, aptes à coopérer avec des agencements complémentaires d'une clé de manoeuvre.-5- Screw according to claim 4, characterized in that the arrangements are constituted by two notches (2a) diametrically opposite, adapted to cooperate with arrangements complementary to an operating key. -6- Vis selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les agencements sont consitutés par une tête de vis (2b), apte à coopérer avec un tourne vis. -6- Screw according to claim 4, characterized in that the arrangements are constituted by a screw head (2b), capable of cooperating with a screwdriver. -7- Vis selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la portée filetée (lob) de diamètre inférieur et de pas réduit, s'étend au dela de l'extrémité distale, sur la quasi totalité de la longueur de la tige, pour être coupée à la longueur désirée après mise en place. -7- Screw according to claim 1, characterized in that the threaded seat (lob) of smaller diameter and of reduced pitch, extends beyond the distal end, over almost the entire length of the rod, for be cut to the desired length after installation.
FR9215272A 1992-12-10 1992-12-10 Self-compressing screw for the treatment of epiphyseal and / or osteochondral fractures. Expired - Fee Related FR2699065B1 (en)

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FR9215272A FR2699065B1 (en) 1992-12-10 1992-12-10 Self-compressing screw for the treatment of epiphyseal and / or osteochondral fractures.

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FR2699065A1 true FR2699065A1 (en) 1994-06-17
FR2699065B1 FR2699065B1 (en) 1995-03-10

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FR2728778A1 (en) * 1994-12-30 1996-07-05 Diebold Patrice Francois Trans- or intra-osseous implant to draw together and compress bone fragments
FR2745709A1 (en) * 1996-03-08 1997-09-12 Caffiniere Jean Yves De Screw threaded retainer for bone fractures
FR2748929A1 (en) * 1996-05-23 1997-11-28 Fontes Didier Retractor implement for orthopaedic or trauma surgery
EP0827717A2 (en) * 1996-09-05 1998-03-11 Howmedica GmbH Supra condylus bone nail
WO1998040024A1 (en) 1997-03-11 1998-09-17 Biotech International (S.A.R.L.) Screw with threaded head for bone fragment osteosynthesis
DE19913770A1 (en) * 1999-03-26 2000-10-19 Aesculap Ag & Co Kg Bone screw with outer threading; has shaft with outer threading and head and has sleeve screwed onto shaft directly next to head, with smooth slope from shaft to sleeve threading
EP1046376A1 (en) * 1999-04-22 2000-10-25 Newdeal Compression screw for Osteosynthesis and ancillary equipment for fitting same
FR2806612A1 (en) * 2000-03-24 2001-09-28 Xavier Renard SYSTEM FOR MAINTAINING TWO BONE PORTIONS WITH RESPECT TO EACH OTHER
US6511481B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2003-01-28 Triage Medical, Inc. Method and apparatus for fixation of proximal femoral fractures
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