FR2698406A1 - Procedure for pressurising lubrication chambers of turbines, - is effected by tapping off and controlling, by automatic valve, the pressurised gas. - Google Patents

Procedure for pressurising lubrication chambers of turbines, - is effected by tapping off and controlling, by automatic valve, the pressurised gas. Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2698406A1
FR2698406A1 FR9214164A FR9214164A FR2698406A1 FR 2698406 A1 FR2698406 A1 FR 2698406A1 FR 9214164 A FR9214164 A FR 9214164A FR 9214164 A FR9214164 A FR 9214164A FR 2698406 A1 FR2698406 A1 FR 2698406A1
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France
Prior art keywords
valve
turbomachine
compressed gas
chambers
oil
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Granted
Application number
FR9214164A
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French (fr)
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FR2698406B1 (en
Inventor
Kervistin Robert
Monchois Florence
Stangalini Gerard
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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SNECMA SAS
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Publication date
Application filed by SNECMA SAS filed Critical SNECMA SAS
Priority to FR9214164A priority Critical patent/FR2698406B1/en
Publication of FR2698406A1 publication Critical patent/FR2698406A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2698406B1 publication Critical patent/FR2698406B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F01D11/04Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type using sealing fluid, e.g. steam
    • F01D11/06Control thereof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The procedure for pressurising the lubrication chambers (8) of a turbine, results from the compressed gas surrounding the chambers being directed by flow vanes (3) of the turbine. The flow is directed by channels (16,17,20), which are fitted with a valve (18) to control and direct the flow. The valve is controlled by an automatic system (19), which controls the amount of gas flowing through the valve, according to the state of operation of the turbine, to limit the proportion of heat recovered by the oil. USE/ADVANTAGE - It ensures that the lubricant is driven at a constant pressure to improve its effectiveness at all stages of the turbine.

Description

PROCEDE DE PRESSURISATION D'ENCEINTES LUBRIFIES
D'UNE TURBOMACHINE
DESCRIPTION
L'invention concerne un procédé de pressurisation d'enceintes d'une turbomachine, enceintes contenant de L'huile et dont l'étanchéité est assurée par mise en pression des systèmes tels que labyrinthes, bagues en carbone, joints à brosse, etc., et cela à partir de prélèvements de gaz effectués dans
La veine des compresseurs de la turbomachine.
METHOD FOR PRESSURIZING LUBRICATED ENCLOSURES
OF A TURBOMACHINE
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to a method for pressurizing the enclosures of a turbomachine, enclosures containing Oil and the sealing of which is ensured by pressurizing systems such as labyrinths, carbon rings, brush seals, etc., and this from gas samples taken in
The vein of turbomachine compressors.

Les roulements situés entre le rotor et le stator des turbomachines se trouvent situés dans des enceintes limitées par des joints d'étanchéité et contenant de l'huile. Les joint s en eux-mêmes ne confinent pas parfaitement l'huile, et c'est pourquoi ils sont complétés par un dispositif de pressurisation autour de l'enceinte par lequel du gaz comprimé est soufflé dans l'enceinte à travers les joints pour refouler l'huile. Le gaz comprimé provient fréquemment de la veine d'écoulement des gaz de la turbomachine. The bearings located between the rotor and the stator of the turbomachinery are located in enclosures bounded by seals and containing oil. The seals in themselves do not perfectly confine the oil, and this is why they are supplemented by a pressurization device around the enclosure by which compressed gas is blown into the enclosure through the seals to discharge oil. The compressed gas frequently comes from the gas flow stream of the turbomachine.

Cette conception est illustrée par de nombreuses publications, mais les solutions effectivement proposées ne permettent pas de résoudre un problème qui apparaît alors.This conception is illustrated by numerous publications, but the solutions actually proposed do not make it possible to solve a problem which then appears.

Les variations de régime de la turbomachine, inévitables dans un certain nombre d'applications telles que les moteurs d'avions, entrainent des variations de l'état du gaz comprimé et plus précisément de sa température. Des variations de pression apparaissent aussi, mai s la pressurisation reste presque toujours suffisante pour assurer le refoulement de l'huile vers l'enceinte, sauf parfois aux très bas régimes. Variations in the speed of the turbomachine, inevitable in a certain number of applications such as aircraft engines, cause variations in the state of the compressed gas and more precisely in its temperature. Pressure variations also appear, but the pressurization is almost always sufficient to ensure the delivery of oil to the enclosure, except sometimes at very low speeds.

Donc, pou r assure r une pressurisation satisfaisante il est nécessaire de faire un prélèvement de gaz à un niveau de pression suffisamment élevé à ces bas régimes, ce qui va entraîner à haut régime un débit prélevé surabondant avec une température des gaz trop élevée incompatible avec les exigences de fonctionnement moteur, et du circuit d'huile en particulier. Therefore, in order to ensure satisfactory pressurization, it is necessary to take a gas sample at a sufficiently high pressure level at these low speeds, which will result in high speed a superabundant sampled flow rate with a too high gas temperature incompatible with engine operating requirements, and the oil system in particular.

L'invention consiste donc à pressuriser les enceintes huile par des gaz prélevés :
- à des niveaux de pression suffisamment élevés au ralenti et aux faibles régimes, aux étages de sortie du compresseur,
- à des niveaux de pression relativement moins élevés à de p Lus hauts régimes.
The invention therefore consists in pressurizing the oil enclosures with sampled gases:
- at sufficiently high pressure levels at idle and at low speeds, at the compressor output stages,
- at relatively lower pressure levels at higher speeds.

Cela permet, tout en assurant une pressurisation satisfaisante, de limiter les débits et températures, e t don c l'apport de chaleur dans l'enceinte d'huile, et de conserver les performances satisfaisantes pour le moteur et le circuit d'huile. This makes it possible, while ensuring satisfactory pressurization, to limit the flow rates and temperatures, and therefore does not provide heat to the oil chamber, and to maintain satisfactory performance for the engine and the oil circuit.

Selon l'invention, le réseau de conduits de soufflage de gaz est muni d'une vanne commandée par un système automatique et peut prendre différents états d'ouverture et laisser passer différents débits de gaz comprimé selon les régimes de la turbomachine de manières à limiter l'apport de chaleur récupéré par l'huile. Avantageusement, lesdits changements de débits sont associés à des changements de sources. According to the invention, the network of gas blowing conduits is provided with a valve controlled by an automatic system and can assume different opening states and allow different compressed gas flows to pass according to the speeds of the turbomachine so as to limit the heat input recovered by the oil. Advantageously, said changes in flow rates are associated with changes in sources.

L'invention va maintenant être décrite plus en détail à l'aide de la figure unique qui représente une réalisation de L'invention. The invention will now be described in more detail using the single figure which shows an embodiment of the invention.

La turbomachine est composée essentiellement d'un stator 1 concentrique à un rotor 2 qui délimitent ensemble une veine 3 annulaire d'écoulement de gaz. La veine 3 comprend des ailettes fixes et mobiles indistinctement référencées par le numéro 4 et qui sont regroupées de façon à définir entre autres un compresseur à basse pression 5 et un compresseur à haute pression 6 successifs sur la veine 3. The turbomachine is essentially composed of a stator 1 concentric with a rotor 2 which together delimit an annular gas flow stream 3. The vein 3 comprises fixed and mobile fins indistinctly referenced by the number 4 and which are grouped so as to define inter alia a successive low pressure compressor 5 and a high pressure compressor 6 on the vein 3.

Le stator 1 et le rotor 2 sont maintenus coaxiaux par des roulements 7 logés dans des enceintes 8 closes par des joints d'étanchéité à labyrinthe par exemple. Des pompes 10 sont associées aux enceintes 8 : elles assurent l'alimentation en huile par des conduits d'alimentation 11 qui se terminent dans les chemins de roulement et permettent une lubrification efficace. The stator 1 and the rotor 2 are kept coaxial by bearings 7 housed in enclosures 8 closed by labyrinth seals for example. Pumps 10 are associated with the enclosures 8: they supply the oil by supply lines 11 which terminate in the raceways and allow efficient lubrication.

L'huile projetée des roulements 7 s'éparpille dans les enceintes 8 sous forme d'un brouillard d'huile que divers moyens tels que des déflecteurs, qui ne font pas partie de cette invention-ci, dirigent vers des conduits de récupération 12 qui aboutissent à un réservoi r 13 d'où l'huile est à nouveau pompée et renvoyée aux roulements 7.The oil sprayed from the bearings 7 is dispersed in the enclosures 8 in the form of an oil mist which various means such as deflectors, which are not part of this invention, direct to recovery ducts 12 which lead to a reservoir r 13 from which the oil is again pumped and returned to the bearings 7.

IL existe deux points de prélèvement ou de soutirage 14 et 15 de gaz comprimé sur autant de sections de la turbomachine : le premier est situé devant un étage arrière du compresseur à basse pression 5 et le second devant un étage arrière du compresseur à haute pression 6. Des conduits - respectivement 16 et 17 - relient les points de soutirage 14 et 15 à une vanne 18 unique commandée par un calculateur 19. La vanne 18 est également branchée sur un conduit de pressurisation 20 qui se ramifie ensuite pour assurer une pressurisation à l'extérieur des joints à labyrinthe 9 de l'enceinte 8, ainsi que d'autres enceintes non représentées situées à l'avant et à l'arrière de la région illustrée de la turbomachine, selon le même principe.Il faut toutefois noter que les b ranches correspondantes du conduit de pressurisation 20 peuvent passer par des régions où le gaz comprimé fait l'objet d'un échange thermique qui permet de régler des jeux : le gaz comprimé passe ainsi par une cavité 21 occupée par des disques 22 entourés par l'enveloppe 23, qui délimite la veine annulaire 3, du rotor 2 ; l'échange de chaleur entre le gaz comprimé et l'enveloppe 23 par l'intermédiaire des disques 22, qui se comportent comme des masses d'échange thermique, permet d'amenuiser les jeux entre les ailettes 4 du rotor 2 et le stator 1 à cet endroit et d'accroitre le rendement de la machine. There are two sampling or withdrawal points 14 and 15 of compressed gas on as many sections of the turbomachine: the first is located in front of a rear stage of the low pressure compressor 5 and the second in front of a rear stage of the high pressure compressor 6 Conduits - respectively 16 and 17 - connect the withdrawal points 14 and 15 to a single valve 18 controlled by a computer 19. The valve 18 is also connected to a pressurization conduit 20 which then branches out to ensure pressurization at the exterior of the labyrinth seals 9 of the enclosure 8, as well as other unrepresented enclosures situated at the front and at the rear of the illustrated region of the turbomachine, according to the same principle. It should however be noted that the b corresponding branches of the pressurization conduit 20 can pass through regions where the compressed gas is the subject of a heat exchange which makes it possible to adjust the clearances: the compressed gas passes thus by a cavity 21 occupied by discs 22 surrounded by the envelope 23, which delimits the annular vein 3, of the rotor 2; the heat exchange between the compressed gas and the casing 23 by means of the discs 22, which behave like heat exchange masses, makes it possible to reduce the clearances between the fins 4 of the rotor 2 and the stator 1 there and increase the efficiency of the machine.

Le calcul ateu r 19 est conçu pou r pouvoir régler la vanne 18 avec précision, par un système de commande numérique, si bien que la vanne 18 est apte à prendre plusieurs états d'ouverture pour lesquels elle laisse passer différents débits de gaz comprimé dans le conduit de pressurisation 20 sans changer fortement la pression du gaz. Il est donc possible de maintenir une pressurisation suffisante des enceintes 8 tout en modifiant le débit de gaz soufflé et donc l'apport de chaleur à l'huile de lubrification. Le gaz est normalement prélevé au point 14 associé au compresseur à basse pression 5, mais on a le choix de recourir à l'autre point de soutirage 15 aux très bas régimes du moteur, quand La pressurisation devient insuffisante. The ateu r calculation 19 is designed to be able to regulate the valve 18 with precision, by a digital control system, so that the valve 18 is able to take several opening states for which it allows different compressed gas flows to pass through. the pressurization conduit 20 without greatly changing the gas pressure. It is therefore possible to maintain a sufficient pressurization of the chambers 8 while modifying the flow rate of blown gas and therefore the supply of heat to the lubricating oil. The gas is normally taken at point 14 associated with the low pressure compressor 5, but we have the choice of using the other draw point 15 at very low engine speeds, when the pressurization becomes insufficient.

La vanne 18 fonctionne alors de la même façon.The valve 18 then operates in the same way.

Le calculateur 19 peut commander la vanne 18 de diverses façons selon les caractéristiques de chaque machine : l'ouverture de la vanne 18 peut être une fonction de la vitesse de rotation du rotor 2, ou de la température à l'intérieur des enceintes 8. D'autres phénomènes ou caractéristiques peuvent être exploités pour réaliser cet asservissement. Le calculateur 19 est équipe des capteurs adaptés pou r procéde r aux mesures appropriées.  The computer 19 can control the valve 18 in various ways depending on the characteristics of each machine: the opening of the valve 18 can be a function of the speed of rotation of the rotor 2, or of the temperature inside the chambers 8. Other phenomena or characteristics can be exploited to achieve this control. The computer 19 is fitted with suitable sensors for carrying out the appropriate measurements.

Claims (3)

REVENDICATIONS 1 . Procédé de pressurisation d'enceintes lubrifiées (8) d'une turbomachine avec du gaz comprimé fourni autour des enceintes et provenant d'une veine d'écoulement (3) de la turbomachine par un réseau de conduits (16, 17, 20) munis d'une vanne (18), caractérisé en ce que la vanne est commandée par un système automatique (19) pour prendre différents états d'ouverture et laisser passer différents débits de gaz comprimé selon les régimes de la turbomachine de manière à limiter l'apport de chaleur récupéré par l'huile. 1. Method for pressurizing lubricated chambers (8) of a turbomachine with compressed gas supplied around the chambers and coming from a flow stream (3) of the turbomachine by a network of conduits (16, 17, 20) provided a valve (18), characterized in that the valve is controlled by an automatic system (19) to take on different opening states and to let through different flow rates of compressed gas according to the speeds of the turbomachine so as to limit the supply of heat recovered by the oil. 2. Procédé de pressurisation d'enceintes lubrifiées selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que La vanne est constituée pour prélever sélectivement du gaz comprimé provenant de diverses sections (14, 15) de la veine d'écoulement. 2. A method of pressurizing lubricated chambers according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve is formed to selectively withdraw compressed gas from various sections (14, 15) of the flow stream. 3. Procédé de pressurisation d'enceintes 3. Chamber pressurization process Lubrifiées selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que certains des conduits passent par des régions (21) de la turbomachine où le gaz comprimé règle des jeux entre rotor (2) et stator (1) de la turbomachine par des échanges de chaleur.  Lubricated according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that some of the conduits pass through regions (21) of the turbomachine where the compressed gas regulates clearances between rotor (2) and stator (1) of the turbomachine by heat exchanges.
FR9214164A 1992-11-25 1992-11-25 Method for pressurizing lubricated chambers of a turbomachine. Expired - Lifetime FR2698406B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9214164A FR2698406B1 (en) 1992-11-25 1992-11-25 Method for pressurizing lubricated chambers of a turbomachine.

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9214164A FR2698406B1 (en) 1992-11-25 1992-11-25 Method for pressurizing lubricated chambers of a turbomachine.

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FR2698406A1 true FR2698406A1 (en) 1994-05-27
FR2698406B1 FR2698406B1 (en) 1994-12-23

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2383440A1 (en) 2010-04-28 2011-11-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine including seal air valve system
CN103097669A (en) * 2010-09-20 2013-05-08 西门子公司 Gas turbine and method for operating a gas turbine
WO2013115971A2 (en) 2012-01-31 2013-08-08 United Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine buffer system
EP2803822A1 (en) 2013-05-13 2014-11-19 Techspace Aero S.A. Air-bleeding system of an axial turbomachine
FR3118788A1 (en) 2021-01-13 2022-07-15 Safran Aircraft Engines Turbomachine comprising a device for de-oiling a flow of cooling air
WO2023099850A1 (en) 2021-12-02 2023-06-08 Safran Aircraft Engines Assembly for pressurizing a lubricated chamber of a turbomachine

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB702931A (en) * 1951-04-18 1954-01-27 Bristol Aeroplane Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to rotary machines comprising fluid compressing means
GB2111607A (en) * 1981-12-08 1983-07-06 Rolls Royce Bearing chamber pressurisation system for a machine
EP0288356A1 (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-10-26 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "Snecma" Method for real-time adjustment of the radial clearance between rotor and stator of a turbo machine
EP0354422A1 (en) * 1988-08-02 1990-02-14 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union MàœNchen Gmbh Gas turbine with a bearing enclosure on the compressor side

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB702931A (en) * 1951-04-18 1954-01-27 Bristol Aeroplane Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to rotary machines comprising fluid compressing means
GB2111607A (en) * 1981-12-08 1983-07-06 Rolls Royce Bearing chamber pressurisation system for a machine
EP0288356A1 (en) * 1987-04-15 1988-10-26 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "Snecma" Method for real-time adjustment of the radial clearance between rotor and stator of a turbo machine
EP0354422A1 (en) * 1988-08-02 1990-02-14 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union MàœNchen Gmbh Gas turbine with a bearing enclosure on the compressor side

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011134730A2 (en) 2010-04-28 2011-11-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine including seal air valve system
EP2383440A1 (en) 2010-04-28 2011-11-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine including seal air valve system
CN103097669B (en) * 2010-09-20 2015-11-25 西门子公司 The method of combustion gas turbine and operating gas turbine machine
CN103097669A (en) * 2010-09-20 2013-05-08 西门子公司 Gas turbine and method for operating a gas turbine
US10352240B2 (en) 2010-09-20 2019-07-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas turbine and method for operating a gas turbine
EP2809906A4 (en) * 2012-01-31 2016-06-29 United Technologies Corp Gas turbine engine buffer system
WO2013115971A2 (en) 2012-01-31 2013-08-08 United Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine buffer system
US10487734B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2019-11-26 United Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine buffer system
EP3848567A1 (en) * 2012-01-31 2021-07-14 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine buffer system
US11098644B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2021-08-24 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine buffer system
EP2803822A1 (en) 2013-05-13 2014-11-19 Techspace Aero S.A. Air-bleeding system of an axial turbomachine
US9695701B2 (en) 2013-05-13 2017-07-04 Safran Aero Boosters Sa Air bleed system for an axial turbomachine
FR3118788A1 (en) 2021-01-13 2022-07-15 Safran Aircraft Engines Turbomachine comprising a device for de-oiling a flow of cooling air
WO2023099850A1 (en) 2021-12-02 2023-06-08 Safran Aircraft Engines Assembly for pressurizing a lubricated chamber of a turbomachine
FR3129979A1 (en) 2021-12-02 2023-06-09 Safran Aircraft Engines Pressurization of a lubricated turbomachine enclosure

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