FR2685103A1 - Format for recording panoramic images on film - Google Patents

Format for recording panoramic images on film Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2685103A1
FR2685103A1 FR9113152A FR9113152A FR2685103A1 FR 2685103 A1 FR2685103 A1 FR 2685103A1 FR 9113152 A FR9113152 A FR 9113152A FR 9113152 A FR9113152 A FR 9113152A FR 2685103 A1 FR2685103 A1 FR 2685103A1
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France
Prior art keywords
film
format
format according
images
perforations
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR9113152A
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French (fr)
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FR2685103B1 (en
Inventor
Beauviala Jean Pierre
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to FR9113152A priority Critical patent/FR2685103A1/en
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Publication of FR2685103B1 publication Critical patent/FR2685103B1/fr
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B1/00—Film strip handling
    • G03B1/18—Moving film strip by means which act on the film between the ends thereof
    • G03B1/20—Acting means
    • G03B1/22—Claws or pins engaging holes in the film
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B1/00—Film strip handling
    • G03B1/42—Guiding, framing, or constraining film in desired position relative to lens system
    • G03B1/48—Gates or pressure devices, e.g. plate
    • G03B1/50—Gates or pressure devices, e.g. plate adjustable or interchangeable, e.g. for different film widths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B37/00—Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/765—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by the shape of the base, e.g. arrangement of perforations, jags

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Projection-Type Copiers In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a format intended for recording panoramic images on film, including drive perforations placed between the images. The film (1) with a width of 11.6 mm includes perforations (2) with dimensions of 1 x 2.4 mm at a pitch (3) of 7.6 mm, centred on an axis (4) located at a distance of 4.75 mm from the reference edge (6) of the film. The image (7) recorded, 10.5 mm wide and 6.25 mm high, is centred on an optical axis (8) located at 5.75 mm from the reference edge (6). The format according to the invention is particularly intended for recording and projecting panoramic images written on film intended for direct use without the splices being visible.

Description

La présente invention concerne un nouveau format de film cinématographique destiné à l'enregistrement d'images panoramiques sur un support comportant des perforations d'entrainement placées entre les cadres des images successives. The present invention relates to a new cinematographic film format intended for recording panoramic images on a support comprising drive perforations placed between the frames of successive images.

La raison d'être des formats de film à perforations entre-images vient de ce que la surface nécessaire pour loger les perforations induit un large espace permettant de faire des collures qui n'apparaissent pas dans la fenêtre de projection. The reason for the formats of film with inter-image perforations comes from the fact that the surface necessary to house the perforations induces a large space making it possible to make collages which do not appear in the projection window.

Cette caractéristique est un avantage par rapport aux formats de films à perforations latérales (tels le Super8 et le 16mm) dans lesquels on cherche à compenser la surface perdue pour loger les perforations, par un espace entreimages réduit au minimum, ce qui presente l'inconvénient de rendre les collures apparentes dans la fenêtre des projecteurs ou des télécinémas. This characteristic is an advantage compared to the formats of films with lateral perforations (such as Super8 and 16mm) in which one seeks to compensate for the lost surface area to house the perforations, by a storage space reduced to the minimum, which presents the drawback. make the collages visible in the projectors or telecine windows.

Pour éviter la visibilité des collures sur les films à perforations latérales on a recours au tirage de copies selon un processus complexe dit "A et
B" par lequel les prises "paires" sont tirées lors d'un premier passage de ltoriginal, puis les prises "impaires" lors d'un second passage. Ce processus est courant en cinéma dit "professionel" car son coût est acceptable au regard des autres coûts de réalisation du film. Il n'en est pas de même en cinéma dit "d'amateur" où l'original sert lui même de support de projection, et où le coùt du tirage "A et B" devient prohibitif.To avoid the visibility of the seams on the films with lateral perforations, copies are made according to a complex process called "A and
B "by which the" even "sockets are drawn during a first pass of the original, then the" odd "sockets during a second pass. This process is common in cinema called" professional "because its cost is acceptable in terms of other costs of making the film. It is not the same in cinema called "amateur" where the original itself serves as a projection medium, and where the cost of the print "A and B" becomes prohibitive.

Pour le cinéma d'amateur, l'invisibilité des collures est un grand avantage des formats à perforation entre-images ; les seuls exemples connus sont les films de format 17,5mm et 9,5mm de large. Seul le format 9,Smm reste en usage. Ce format se caractérise par un positionnement des perforations sur l'axe médian du film. Le format 9,5mm enregistre des images de dimensions 6,25mm x 8,5mm qui sont proches d'un carré de rapport hauteur/largeur = 1/1,36. L'évolution des goûts en termes de proportions d'images, exige que la projection sur écran se fasse au rapport 1/1,66 dit 'panoramique'. I1 s'ensuit que seule une portion (5,lmm x 8,5mm) de l'image photographiée se trouve projetée au détriment de la définition, du respect de la composition d'origine et de la quantité de lumière que l'on peut faire passer par cette ouverture anormalement réduite. For amateur cinema, the invisibility of collages is a great advantage of formats with perforation between frames; the only known examples are 17.5mm and 9.5mm wide films. Only the format 9, Smm remains in use. This format is characterized by a positioning of the perforations on the median axis of the film. The 9.5mm format records images of 6.25mm x 8.5mm dimensions that are close to a square of aspect ratio = 1 / 1.36. The evolution of tastes in terms of proportions of images, requires that the projection on the screen be done at the ratio 1 / 1.66 called 'panoramic'. It follows that only a portion (5.1 mm x 8.5 mm) of the photographed image is projected to the detriment of the definition, respect for the original composition and the amount of light that can be pass through this abnormally reduced opening.

Le format selon l'invention permet de remédier à ces inconvénients du format 9,5mm. Il se caractérise selon une première caractéristique par l'utilisation d'un film de largeur 11,6mm (+/- 0,06mm) portant des perforations entre-images au pas de 7,6mm (+/- 0,05 mm). Ce pas est identique à celui du format 9.5 mm standard. Les images inscrites sont de même hauteur que celles du 9,5mm standard (6,25mm) mais de largeur I0,Smm, assurant non seulement un rapport hauteur/largeur de 1/1,66 mais encore une plus grande surface d'image garante d'une définition et d'une luminosité améliorées en projection. The format according to the invention overcomes these drawbacks of the 9.5 mm format. It is characterized according to a first characteristic by the use of a film with a width of 11.6mm (+/- 0.06mm) carrying perforations between images with a step of 7.6mm (+/- 0.05mm). This step is identical to that of the standard 9.5 mm format. The images entered are the same height as those of the standard 9.5mm (6.25mm) but of width I0, Smm, ensuring not only a height / width ratio of 1 / 1.66 but also a larger image area guaranteeing improved definition and brightness in projection.

Comme le film 9.5mm standard se fabrique en coupant du film 35mm en trois bandes, le nouveau film de 11,6mm (35mm/3) peut se fabriquer selon la même méthode, mais sans rien gaspiller de la surface du film 35mm d'origine sur lequel se pratique la découpe. As the standard 9.5mm film is made by cutting 35mm film into three strips, the new 11.6mm film (35mm / 3) can be produced using the same method, but without wasting anything on the surface of the original 35mm film on which the cutting is practiced.

Une deuxiéme caractéristique du format selon l'invention vient de ce que la perforation entre-images n'est pas en position centrale : elle est décalée de l,lmm vers la gauche du film vu de l'objectif de prise de vues, et se trouve donc à 4,75mm (+/- 0,05mm) du bord de référence de guidage du film. A second characteristic of the format according to the invention comes from the fact that the perforation between images is not in the central position: it is offset by 1.1 mm to the left of the film seen from the shooting lens, and is is therefore at 4.75mm (+/- 0.05mm) from the film guide reference edge.

Grâce à ces deux caractéristiques du format selon l'invention, il est possible d'enregistrer et de projeter des images panoramiques au rapport 1/1,66 en modifiant des appareils conçus précédemment pour le format 9,5mm (machines à perforer, caméras et projecteurs), car leurs éléments dynamiques -poinçons, griffes, débiteurs - sont au même pas (7,6 +/- 0,06 mm) que ceux du film 9,5mm, et à la même position (4,75 +/- 0,OSmm) par rapport aux éléments de guidage latéral du film 9,5mm.  Thanks to these two characteristics of the format according to the invention, it is possible to record and project panoramic images at a ratio of 1 / 1.66 by modifying devices previously designed for the 9.5mm format (punching machines, cameras and projectors), because their dynamic elements - punches, claws, debtors - are at the same pitch (7.6 +/- 0.06 mm) as those of the 9.5mm film, and at the same position (4.75 +/- 0, OSmm) relative to the lateral guide elements of the 9.5mm film.

II est ainsi possible de ne filmer qu'avec du film de 11,6mm puis le découper en largeur 9,5mm après développement (grace au bord de référence commun aux deux formats) pour pouvoir le projeter dans les appareils au format 9,5mm non modifiés. Inversement on peut copier par contact un film 9.5mm sur un contretype 11,6mm afin de pouvoir en incorporer les images (films d'archives) dans une oeuvre nouvelle. It is thus possible to film only with 11.6mm film and then cut it into a width of 9.5mm after development (thanks to the reference edge common to both formats) in order to be able to project it into non-9.5mm format cameras modified. Conversely, one can copy by contact a 9.5mm film onto an 11.6mm counter-type in order to be able to incorporate the images (archive films) into a new work.

Une troisième caractéristique du format selon l'invention réside en ce que le centre optique de l'image enregistrée ne se trouve pas sur l'axe médian du film mais à 0,lmm de cet axe en direction du bord de référence. De la sorte l'image enregistrée de 10,5 mm de large laisse une marge de 0,5 mm du coté du bord de référence, et de 0,65 mm de l'autre coté. Cette marge de 0,65 mm permet d'enregistrer des informations complémentaires à l'image photographiée : à titre d'exemple non limitatif on citera l'inscription du temps exact de la prise de vue.  A third characteristic of the format according to the invention resides in that the optical center of the recorded image is not located on the median axis of the film but at 0.1 mm from this axis in the direction of the reference edge. In this way the recorded image 10.5 mm wide leaves a margin of 0.5 mm on the side of the reference edge, and 0.65 mm on the other side. This margin of 0.65 mm makes it possible to record additional information to the photographed image: by way of nonlimiting example, mention will be made of the recording of the exact time of the shooting.

Les dessins annexés représentent l'invention l'invention:
La figure 1 représente un film au format selon l'invention.The accompanying drawings represent the invention of the invention:
FIG. 1 represents a film in format according to the invention.

En référence à ce dessin, le film de largeur 1I,6mm (1), comporte des perforations (2) de dimensions 1 x 2,4 mm au pas (3) de 7,6mm centrées sur un axe (4) situé à distance 1,1 mm de l'axe médian (5) du film en direction du bord de référence (6) qui se trouve près de l'image de la main droite d'un personnage photographié (17). L'image enregistrée (7) de 10,5 mm de large et de 6,25 mm de haut est centrée sur l'axe optique (8) situé à 0,1 mm de l'axe médian (5) du film. La marge (9) située prés du bord de référence (6) est de largeur 0,5mm et la marge (10) située du coté opposé est de largeur 0,65mm. On peut y inscrire des traces porteuses d'information (11). With reference to this drawing, the film of width 1I, 6mm (1), comprises perforations (2) of dimensions 1 x 2.4 mm with a step (3) of 7.6mm centered on an axis (4) located at a distance 1.1 mm from the median axis (5) of the film in the direction of the reference edge (6) which is located near the image of the right hand of a photographed character (17). The recorded image (7) 10.5 mm wide and 6.25 mm high is centered on the optical axis (8) located 0.1 mm from the median axis (5) of the film. The margin (9) located near the reference edge (6) is 0.5mm wide and the margin (10) located on the opposite side is 0.65mm wide. You can enter information-bearing traces (11).

La figure 2 représente un appareil cinématographique de prise de vue ou de projection pour film au format selon l'invention
En référence à ce dessin, l'axe optique (8) de l'objectif (12), centré sur la fenêtre image (7) est à distance 5,75mm des éléments de référence de guidage (13) de l'appareil. Le plan de traction des éléments (14) d'entrainement du film, se trouve à 4,75mm des éléments de guidage (13). Le guide mobile (15) poussé par l'élément (16) est placé à 11,6mm du guide fixe (13), iI induit par pression latérale sur le film, le contact du bord de référence (6) sur le guide fixe (13).FIG. 2 represents a cinematographic camera for shooting or projection for a film in the format according to the invention
With reference to this drawing, the optical axis (8) of the objective (12), centered on the image window (7) is 5.75mm away from the guide reference elements (13) of the camera. The plane of traction of the elements (14) for driving the film is located at 4.75 mm from the guide elements (13). The movable guide (15) pushed by the element (16) is placed 11.6mm from the fixed guide (13), iI induced by lateral pressure on the film, the contact of the reference edge (6) on the fixed guide ( 13).

Le format selon l'invention est particulièrement destiné à l'enregistrement et à la projection d'images panoramiques inscrites sur films destinés à l'exploitation directe sans visibilité des collures.  The format according to the invention is particularly intended for the recording and projection of panoramic images written on films intended for the direct, blind visibility of the collages.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS 1) Format cinématographique pour enregistrer et projeter des images panoramiques au moyen d'un film à perforations entre-images, caractérisés en ce que la largeur du film (1) est de 11,6 mm + 0,06 mm et que les perforations entre-images (2) sont de dimensions 1 x 2,4 mm (+ 1%) au pas (3) de 7,6mm + 0,05 mm. 1) Cinematographic format for recording and projecting panoramic images by means of a film with inter-image perforations, characterized in that the width of the film (1) is 11.6 mm + 0.06 mm and that the perforations between -images (2) are of dimensions 1 x 2.4 mm (+ 1%) in step (3) of 7.6 mm + 0.05 mm. 2) Format selon revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'axe (4) des perforations entre-images est décentré de 1,1 mm + 0,05mm par rapport à l'axe médian (5) du film. 2) Format according to claim 1 characterized in that the axis (4) of the perforations between images is offset by 1.1 mm + 0.05mm relative to the median axis (5) of the film. 3) Format selon revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'axe optique (8) de l'image enregistrée (7) est décentré par rapport à l'axe médian du film (5) de 0,1 mm + 0,05mm en direction du bord de référence (6). 3) Format according to claim 1 characterized in that the optical axis (8) of the recorded image (7) is offset from the median axis of the film (5) by 0.1 mm + 0.05mm in direction from the reference edge (6). 4) Format selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'image enregistrée (7) est de 10,5 mm + 0,1mm de large et de 6,25 mm + 0,lmm de haut. 4) Format according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recorded image (7) is 10.5 mm + 0.1 mm wide and 6.25 mm + 0.1 mm high. 5) Format selon revendications 3 et 4 caractérisé en ce que la marge (9) hors de l'image enregistrée (7) coté bord de référence (6) est de largeur 0,5 mm 1 0,05 mm, et que la marge (10) du coté opposé est de largeur 0,6 mm + 0,05. 5) Format according to claims 3 and 4 characterized in that the margin (9) outside the recorded image (7) on the reference edge side (6) is 0.5 mm wide 1 0.05 mm, and that the margin (10) on the opposite side is 0.6 mm + 0.05 wide. 6) Format selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que la marge (10) du coté opposé au bord de référence (6) porte des inscriptions complémentaires (11) enregistrées lors de la prise de vue. 6) Format according to claim 5 characterized in that the margin (10) on the side opposite the reference edge (6) carries additional inscriptions (11) recorded during the shooting. 7) Appareil cinématographique de prise de vues ou de projection pour film au format selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la largeur du passage de film entre guide fixe de référence (13) et guide mobile (15j est de 11,6 mm + 0,06mm, la distance entre l'axe optique (8) de la fenêtre (7) en regard de l'objectif (12) et les guides fixes (13) est de 5,75mm + 0,1mm, et la distance entre le plan de traction du dispositif d'entrainement du film (14), et le guide fixe (13) est de 4,75mm + O,lmm.  7) Cinematographic camera for taking or projecting a film in format according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the width of the film passage between fixed reference guide (13) and movable guide (15d is 11 , 6 mm + 0.06mm, the distance between the optical axis (8) of the window (7) opposite the objective (12) and the fixed guides (13) is 5.75mm + 0.1mm, and the distance between the plane of traction of the film drive device (14) and the fixed guide (13) is 4.75mm + 0.1mm.
FR9113152A 1991-10-15 1991-10-15 Format for recording panoramic images on film Granted FR2685103A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9113152A FR2685103A1 (en) 1991-10-15 1991-10-15 Format for recording panoramic images on film

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9113152A FR2685103A1 (en) 1991-10-15 1991-10-15 Format for recording panoramic images on film

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2685103A1 true FR2685103A1 (en) 1993-06-18
FR2685103B1 FR2685103B1 (en) 1994-04-22

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FR9113152A Granted FR2685103A1 (en) 1991-10-15 1991-10-15 Format for recording panoramic images on film

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996008747A1 (en) * 1994-09-12 1996-03-21 Paul Bigou Super 9.5 size cinematographic films

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2374318A (en) * 1941-09-26 1945-04-24 Wurger Emile Dog drive for the step by step actuation of films
FR1177168A (en) * 1957-06-04 1959-04-21 Zeiss Ikon Dresden Veb Cinematographic projector with claw advancement mechanism and device for projection in forward and reverse motion
US3858969A (en) * 1973-07-31 1975-01-07 Saul Wernick Wide screen formal super 8 motion picture system
EP0003631A1 (en) * 1978-02-10 1979-08-22 Antonius Maria Adrianus Henricus Dr. Van Tetering Method, means and product of recording, reducing, enlarging and/or reproducing anamorphic images
WO1983002502A1 (en) * 1982-01-15 1983-07-21 Larry Blake Improvement of motion picture image quality
FR2610736A3 (en) * 1987-02-06 1988-08-12 App Telecommandes Ste F METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RECORDING AT HIGH SPEED IMAGES AND INFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH IMAGES
FR2622707A1 (en) * 1987-10-30 1989-05-05 Aaton Sa METHOD FOR REGISTERING, ON THE MARGINAL PART OF A PERFORATED CINEMATOGRAPHIC FILM, CODE INFORMATION
US4864332A (en) * 1988-09-12 1989-09-05 Eastman Kodak Company Camera apparatus for magnetically encoding a film leader

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2374318A (en) * 1941-09-26 1945-04-24 Wurger Emile Dog drive for the step by step actuation of films
FR1177168A (en) * 1957-06-04 1959-04-21 Zeiss Ikon Dresden Veb Cinematographic projector with claw advancement mechanism and device for projection in forward and reverse motion
US3858969A (en) * 1973-07-31 1975-01-07 Saul Wernick Wide screen formal super 8 motion picture system
EP0003631A1 (en) * 1978-02-10 1979-08-22 Antonius Maria Adrianus Henricus Dr. Van Tetering Method, means and product of recording, reducing, enlarging and/or reproducing anamorphic images
WO1983002502A1 (en) * 1982-01-15 1983-07-21 Larry Blake Improvement of motion picture image quality
FR2610736A3 (en) * 1987-02-06 1988-08-12 App Telecommandes Ste F METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RECORDING AT HIGH SPEED IMAGES AND INFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH IMAGES
FR2622707A1 (en) * 1987-10-30 1989-05-05 Aaton Sa METHOD FOR REGISTERING, ON THE MARGINAL PART OF A PERFORATED CINEMATOGRAPHIC FILM, CODE INFORMATION
US4864332A (en) * 1988-09-12 1989-09-05 Eastman Kodak Company Camera apparatus for magnetically encoding a film leader

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996008747A1 (en) * 1994-09-12 1996-03-21 Paul Bigou Super 9.5 size cinematographic films

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