FR2678725A1

FR2678725A1 - Frame for establishing orthogonality relationships

Info

Publication number: FR2678725A1
Application number: FR9108153A
Authority: FR
Inventors: Herbin Michel Lucien Francois
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1991-07-01
Filing date: 1991-07-01
Publication date: 1993-01-08

Abstract

Measurement instrument for the graphic and elastic arts. The invention relates to an instrument essentially composed of two set squares (1), (2), one of which is graduated and the other of which is not, which intersects so that they can form the square or a rectangle using which the height/length ratio of the whole or part of a person, of an object or of a space can be measured. One of the set squares (1), considered to be "fixed", is in fact double, with its two halves placed one above the other and sufficiently separated so that the other, called the "mobile" one can move without friction or excessive "play" between them. One of these halves has its edges fitted with rails (5) between which the pieces (6) move, holding and allowing sliding, also by rails (7), of the elements (8) of the mobile set square (2), always perpendicularly to those of the fixed set square over which they cross.

Description

La présente invention concerne un instrument de mesure permettant d'évaluer directement " d'apres nature " le ou les rapports hauteur/largeur d'une personne ou d'un objet, d'un espace,ceci essentiellement pour la réalisation d'oeuvres d'art ( dessins,tableaux ). The present invention relates to a measuring instrument making it possible to directly assess "from nature" the aspect ratio (s) of a person or an object, a space, this essentially for the realization of works of art. art (drawings, paintings).

Une feuille de papier vue en perspective,dans un plan horizontal fuyant,sur une table par exemple,n'aura pas le même rapport hauteur/largeur que si vue frontalement ou considérée par ses rapports de grandeurs réelles.Il importera toutefois que,sur le support d'art,un tel rapport puisse être correctement défini. A sheet of paper seen in perspective, in a horizontal plane fleeing, on a table for example, will not have the same aspect ratio as width / width as if seen frontally or considered by its reports of real sizes. It will however be important that, on the art medium, such a relationship can be properly defined.

Les artistes,generalement,le calculent,et ce depuis fort longtemps,lorsque le besoin sten fait sentir,avec un seul oeil,grâce à un crayon ou le manche du pinceau tendu verticalement ou horizontalement,plus rarement obl iquement,à bout de bras. The artists, generally, calculate it, and this for a very long time, when the need sten makes felt, with only one eye, thanks to a pencil or the handle of the brush stretched vertically or horizontally, more rarely obl ically, at arm's length.

Cette manière de calculer cependant,pour commode qu'elle puisse être,ne permet pas d'apprécier en même temps un rapport hauteur/largeur,ce qui peut entraîner des risques d'erreurs. This way of calculating, however, as convenient as it may be, does not make it possible to appreciate at the same time a height / width ratio, which can lead to risks of errors.

L'instrument,selon 1 'invention,par un système de cadrage approprié,permet d'avoir simultanement,inscrit dans un carre ou un rectangle,un tel rapport.Il permet de surcroît d'apprecier la verticalité,l'horizontalité,l'obliquité d'une ligne passant par deux points qu'il encadrera. The instrument according to the invention, by an appropriate framing system, makes it possible to have simultaneously, inscribed in a square or a rectangle, such a relationship. It also makes it possible to appreciate the verticality, the horizontality, the obliquity of a line passing through two points that it will frame.

Son principe consiste en la juxtaposition de deux équerres inversées et opposées par leur inversion pour former,soit ce carré,soit ce rectangle,dont les dimensions maxima ( minima sera OxO ) ne seront limites que par l'importance en longueur de ces equerres ( ce principe de juxtaposition d'équerres inverses est celui,dans le domaine de la photographie,de ce qu'on nomme un margeur,mais avec une finalité et une utilisation tout à fait différentes ). Its principle consists in the juxtaposition of two inverted and opposite squares by their inversion to form either this square or this rectangle, whose maximum dimensions (minimum will be OxO) will only be limited by the importance in length of these squares (this principle of juxtaposition of inverse squares is that, in the field of photography, of what is called a feeder, but with a completely different purpose and use).

Elles sont mues l'une contre l'autre de telle manière que les extrémités,en hauteur et en largeur,de l'objet, personne,espace à cadrer ou de quelconque de leurs parties viennent toucher,en hauteur et en largeur,les côtés de ce qui sera,par ces équerres,7'une de ces figures géométriques, l'instrument étant tendu à bout de bras,vu frontalement et sans inclinaison,ltobservateur ne l'utilisant qu'avec un seul oeil. They are moved against each other in such a way that the ends, in height and in width, of the object, person, space to be framed or of any of their parts come to touch, in height and in width, the sides of which will be, by these brackets, 7 ′ one of these geometric figures, the instrument being stretched at arm's length, seen frontally and without tilting, the observer using it only with one eye.

La figure 1 représente en plan l'instrument,sa face graduee horizontalement et verticalement,la figure 2 une vue en perspective de celui-ci,ses épaisseurs,tandis que la figure 3 le montre sans cette face graduée,ouvert,avec les pièces permettant le glissement de l'équerre non graduée sur l'autre. Figure 1 shows in plan the instrument, its face graduated horizontally and vertically, Figure 2 a perspective view of it, its thicknesses, while Figure 3 shows it without this graduated face, open, with the parts allowing the sliding of the ungraded square on the other.

Sur la figure 1 nous remarquons 1' équerre graduee I 1 ), qui est constituée en fait de deux éléments,deux équerres superposées - mais sans inversion -,entre lesquelles se déplace l'équerre non gradue ( 2 ),éléments rattachés par des fixations ( 3 ). In FIG. 1 we note the graduated square I 1), which is in fact made up of two elements, two superimposed squares - but without inversion - between which the non-graded square (2) moves, elements connected by fixings (3).

Sur la figure 3,se distingue ce qui permet le déplacement de l'équerre simple,à savoir deux rails ( 5 ) situés aux bords de la partie " inferieure " de l'équerre double ( 1 ),rails entre lesquels se meuvent les pièces ( 6 ) entre lesquelles vont,contenus également par deux rails ( 7 ) posés aux extrémités de celles-ci et perpendiculairement à leurs sens de deplacement,les éléments de cette équerre simple ( 8 ).Des butées de calage ( 9 ) avec les orifices réservés pour les vis de fixation ( 4 ) se trouvent aux extrémités des rails fixes ( 5 ). In Figure 3, stands out which allows the displacement of the simple square, namely two rails (5) located at the edges of the "lower" part of the double square (1), rails between which move the parts (6) between which go, also contained by two rails (7) placed at the ends thereof and perpendicular to their directions of movement, the elements of this simple square (8). Timing stops (9) with the orifices reserved for the fixing screws (4) are located at the ends of the fixed rails (5).

L'instrument pourra être réalise aussi bien en plastique qu'en métal ou qu'en bois.Les vis et ecrous de fixation seront de préférence en métal. The instrument can be made of plastic as well as metal or wood. The fixing screws and nuts will preferably be made of metal.

Le glissement des pièces permettant le deplacement de l'équerre non graduée pourra être éventuellement amélioré par des billes mises à leurs extrémités laterales et roulant,si l'instrument n'est pas en étal ,sur des lames etalliques ( 11 ) plaquées contre I'intérieur des rails ( 5 ).I1 est à souhaiter eue ces billes ( 10 ) comme ces lames soient plutôt en acier inoxvdable. The sliding of the pieces allowing the displacement of the non-graduated square may possibly be improved by balls placed at their lateral ends and rolling, if the instrument is not in stall, on metallic blades (11) pressed against I ' inside the rails (5) .I1 is to be desired had these balls (10) as these blades are rather made of stainless steel.

Claims

1) Measuring instrument making it possible to evaluate directly, "according to nature" and with a single eye, the aspect ratio (s) height / width of a person or an object, of a space, allowing equal to appreciate the horizontality, the verticality or the obliquity of a line passing through two points which it will frame, characterizes in that two squares cross to form the geometric figure, namely a square or a rectangle, thanks to which this measurement will be possible.

2) Instrument according to claim 1 characterized in that the so-called "fixed" square (1) consists in fact of two brackets placed one above the other and separated in such a way (by wedging stops (9)) that the so-called "moDile" square (2) can move between them without excessive friction or "play".

3) Instrument according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixed bracket (1) is graduated horizontally as well as vertically (possibility of graduating in this way its back) and comprises the parts (6) allowing the displacement of the 'mobile bracket (2), which hold the elements of this always perpendicular to the parts of the fixed bracket they (8) cross.

4) Instrument according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parts (6) allowing the displacement of the movable square (2) are directed by rails (5) fixed to the edges of the non-movable square. (1) and are themselves provided with rails (7) at their ends, perpendicular to their directions of movement.

5) Instrument according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that 'aUX ends of the fixed rails (5) are wedging stops (D) whose thickness allows the separation of the two elements This fixed bracket (1) and comprising the orifices (4) through which the fixing screws (3) pass.

6) Instrument according to claims 3 and 4 characterized in that the moving parts (6) can be provided at their lateral ends (fixed rail side) with balls (10) facilitating their movement, these balls then preferably rolling on blades of metal (11) pressed against the inner wall of the fixed rails (5).