FR2675942A1 - Nuclear power station with cyclone - Google Patents
Nuclear power station with cyclone Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2675942A1 FR2675942A1 FR9105177A FR9105177A FR2675942A1 FR 2675942 A1 FR2675942 A1 FR 2675942A1 FR 9105177 A FR9105177 A FR 9105177A FR 9105177 A FR9105177 A FR 9105177A FR 2675942 A1 FR2675942 A1 FR 2675942A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- cyclone
- enclosure
- power station
- inner tube
- plant according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
- G21C19/28—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core
- G21C19/30—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core with continuous purification of circulating fluent material, e.g. by extraction of fission products deterioration or corrosion products, impurities, e.g. by cold traps
- G21C19/303—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core with continuous purification of circulating fluent material, e.g. by extraction of fission products deterioration or corrosion products, impurities, e.g. by cold traps specially adapted for gases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/10—Means for preventing contamination in the event of leakage, e.g. double wall
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/004—Pressure suppression
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Cyclones (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Centrale nucléaire à cyclone.Cyclone nuclear power plant.
La présente invention se rapporte aux centrales nucléaires et à des cyclones destinés notamment à y être utilisés. The present invention relates to nuclear power plants and to cyclones intended in particular to be used there.
Une centrale nucléaire comporte essentiellement un réacteur nucléaire enfermé dans une enceinte de confinement. A nuclear power plant essentially comprises a nuclear reactor enclosed in a containment.
En cas d'accident majeur, l'enceinte retient les gaz chargés de matières radioactives. La chaleur est évacuée par un système de refroidissement, qui limite également la montée en pression de l'enceinte. Si, néanmoins, la pression dépasse un seuil donné, l'enceinte de confinement communique, après manoeuvre d'une vanne, avec l'extérieur par l'intermédiaire d'un filtre à sable destiné à retenir les matières radioactives. Ce filtre à sable devient un élément chargé de matières radioactives, qui se trouve nécessairement, en raison du grand volume qu'il occupe et de sa texture sablonneuse nuisible à des appareillages mécaniques, en dehors de l'enceinte.In the event of a major accident, the enclosure retains gases loaded with radioactive materials. The heat is removed by a cooling system, which also limits the pressure build-up of the enclosure. If, however, the pressure exceeds a given threshold, the confinement enclosure communicates, after operating a valve, with the outside by means of a sand filter intended to retain the radioactive materials. This sand filter becomes an element loaded with radioactive materials, which is necessarily found, due to the large volume it occupies and its sandy texture detrimental to mechanical equipment, outside the enclosure.
L'invention remédie à cet inconvénient. The invention overcomes this drawback.
Suivant l'invention, le séparateur de particules de matières radioactives est un cyclone qutil est possible, d'une manière avantageuse, de loger dans l'enceinte.According to the invention, the separator of particles of radioactive materials is a cyclone which it is possible, advantageously, to be housed in the enclosure.
En cas d'accident majeur nécessitant l'évacuation des gaz chargés de matières radioactives de l'enceinte, et dès que la pression dans l'enceinte dépasse un seuil prévu, on met l'enceinte en communication avec un filtre à sable situé à l'extérieur de l'enceinte, par l'intermédiaire du cyclone. Les particules de matières radioactives, notamment l'hydroxyde de césium qui colmaterait rapidement un filtre normal, qu'il serait exclu de décolmater en raison de la radioactivité, se déposent sur la paroi du cyclone. Elles mettent ainsi en danger son bon fonctionnement sur une longue durée. Mais pour le bref laps de temps de quelques jours au plus pendant lequel doit fonctionner ce cyclone de sécurité, cela est acceptable. On fait ainsi jouer au cyclone, au prix de son engorgement, un rôle inhabituel de retenue des particules de matières radioactives sous forme de dépôts. In the event of a major accident requiring the evacuation of gases loaded with radioactive materials from the enclosure, and as soon as the pressure in the enclosure exceeds a prescribed threshold, the enclosure is placed in communication with a sand filter located at the outside the enclosure, via the cyclone. Particles of radioactive material, in particular cesium hydroxide, which would quickly clog a normal filter, which would be excluded from unclogging due to radioactivity, are deposited on the wall of the cyclone. They thus endanger its proper functioning over a long period. But for the brief period of a few days at most during which this safety cyclone must operate, this is acceptable. The cyclone is thus made to play, at the cost of its congestion, an unusual role of retaining particles of radioactive material in the form of deposits.
Celles-ci sont ainsi maintenues à l'intérieur de l'enceinte, tandis que le gaz qui en est débarrassé pour une très grande partie en sort, en passant par le filtre à sable.These are thus kept inside the enclosure, while the gas which is rid of it for a very large part comes out, passing through the sand filter.
Suivant un mode de réalisation préféré, le cyclone est muni d'ailettes extérieures de refroidissement qui permettent de s'opposer au chauffage dû au dépôt de matières radioactives. According to a preferred embodiment, the cyclone is provided with external cooling fins which make it possible to oppose the heating due to the deposition of radioactive materials.
Le cyclone peut être constitué de deux tubes coaxiaux, le tube extérieur se prolongeant coniquement vers le bas, au-delà du tube intérieur, lequel communique avec l'extérieur par le haut par une sortie, les parois en regard des deux tubes définissant un intervalle annulaire communiquant avec l'extérieur par le haut par une entrée et, à l'une de ces parois, est fixé un élément hélicoïdal conformé de manière à définir avec elle un passage hélicoïdal. On garantit ainsi un trajet suffisant aux particules de matières radioactives dans le cyclone pour qu'elles aient le temps de s'y déposer. The cyclone can consist of two coaxial tubes, the outer tube extending conically downward, beyond the inner tube, which communicates with the outside from the top by an outlet, the facing walls of the two tubes defining an interval annular communicating with the outside by the top by an entry and, to one of these walls, is fixed a helical element shaped so as to define with it a helical passage. This guarantees a sufficient path for particles of radioactive material in the cyclone so that they have time to settle there.
Le cyclone fonctionne mieux en atmosphère humide. The cyclone works best in a humid atmosphere.
C'est pourquoi, suivant une variante, il est prévu un réservoir d'eau et un conduit pouvant le mettre en communication avec le cyclone. Une plaque de rupture ou l'ouverture d'une vanne met le réservoir en communication avec le cyclone quand la pression dans l'enceinte dépasse un seuil prescrit.This is why, according to a variant, there is provided a water tank and a conduit which can put it in communication with the cyclone. A rupture plate or the opening of a valve puts the reservoir in communication with the cyclone when the pressure in the enclosure exceeds a prescribed threshold.
Au dessin annexé, donné uniquement à titre d'exemple
la figure 1 est un schéma d'une centrale nucléaire suivant l'invention, et
la figure 2 est une vue en coupe du cyclone de la centrale nucléaire de la figure 1.In the accompanying drawing, given only by way of example
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a nuclear power plant according to the invention, and
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the cyclone of the nuclear power plant in FIG. 1.
La centrale nucléaire représentée à la figure 1 comporte un réacteur nucléaire 1 confiné dans une enceinte de confinement 2. Dans cette enceinte se trouve également un cyclone 3 muni d'une entrée 4 tangentielle, d'une sortie 5 vers le haut et d'une sortie 6 vers le bas, l'axe du cyclone étant vertical. La sortie 5 se prolonge par un conduit qui comporte, hors de l'enceinte 2, une vanne 5a et qui débouche, en dehors de l'enceinte, sur un filtre à sable 7 habituel. The nuclear power plant shown in FIG. 1 comprises a nuclear reactor 1 confined in a confinement enclosure 2. In this enclosure there is also a cyclone 3 provided with a tangential inlet 4, an outlet 5 upwards and a outlet 6 downwards, the axis of the cyclone being vertical. The outlet 5 is extended by a conduit which comprises, outside the enclosure 2, a valve 5a and which opens, outside the enclosure, onto a usual sand filter 7.
Le cyclone 3 est constitué d'un tube intérieur 8 et d'un tube extérieur 9 qui sont coaxiaux. Le tube 9 se prolonge vers le bas en une partie conique, au-delà du tube intérieur 8. Le bas du tube 9 est muni de la sortie 6 qui communique avec un réservoir 20. Cyclone 3 consists of an inner tube 8 and an outer tube 9 which are coaxial. The tube 9 extends downwards in a conical part, beyond the inner tube 8. The bottom of the tube 9 is provided with the outlet 6 which communicates with a reservoir 20.
Les parois 11 et 12 en regard des tubes 8 et 9 définissent un intervalle annulaire 13 dans lequel débouche le conduit 4. Un élément hélicoïdal 14, conformé de manière à définir avec les parois 11 et 12 un passage hélicoïdal, est fixé à la paroi 11. The walls 11 and 12 opposite the tubes 8 and 9 define an annular gap 13 into which the conduit 4 opens. A helical element 14, shaped so as to define with the walls 11 and 12 a helical passage, is fixed to the wall 11 .
Des ailettes de refroidissement 10 s'étendent longitudinalement suivant des génératrices de la paroi extérieure du tube extérieur 9. Cooling fins 10 extend longitudinally along generatrices of the outer wall of the outer tube 9.
Une vanne 17 fermant un conduit 18 communiquant avec un réservoir 19 d'eau est ouverte lorsque la pression dans l'enceinte 2 dépasse un seuil prescrit. De l'eau et des gaz chargés de particules de matières radioactives entrent dans le cyclone par le conduit 4, suivent le trajet hélicoïdal défini par l'élément 14 et les parois 11 et 12, les particules se déposant sur la paroi 12. Le chauffage qui en résulte du tube extérieur est compensé par le refroidissement dû aux ailettes 10. Devant la sortie du tube intérieur 8, les gaz remontent par ce tube intérieur 8 en direction de la sortie 5, tandis que le liquide s'accumule au bas du cyclone et est éventuellement purgé par le conduit 6. A valve 17 closing a conduit 18 communicating with a water tank 19 is opened when the pressure in the enclosure 2 exceeds a prescribed threshold. Water and gases loaded with particles of radioactive materials enter the cyclone through the conduit 4, follow the helical path defined by the element 14 and the walls 11 and 12, the particles being deposited on the wall 12. The heating resulting from the outer tube is compensated by the cooling due to the fins 10. In front of the outlet of the inner tube 8, the gases rise through this inner tube 8 towards the outlet 5, while the liquid accumulates at the bottom of the cyclone and is optionally purged through line 6.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9105177A FR2675942A1 (en) | 1991-04-26 | 1991-04-26 | Nuclear power station with cyclone |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9105177A FR2675942A1 (en) | 1991-04-26 | 1991-04-26 | Nuclear power station with cyclone |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2675942A1 true FR2675942A1 (en) | 1992-10-30 |
Family
ID=9412297
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR9105177A Pending FR2675942A1 (en) | 1991-04-26 | 1991-04-26 | Nuclear power station with cyclone |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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FR (1) | FR2675942A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013205525A1 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-02 | Areva Gmbh | Venting system for the containment of a nuclear facility |
DE102013205524A1 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-02 | Areva Gmbh | Venting system for the containment of a nuclear facility |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2146831A (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1985-04-24 | Nico Industriereinigung Ag | Decontamination of radioactively soiled metal sections |
DE3404933A1 (en) * | 1984-02-11 | 1985-08-14 | Hansa Projekt Maschinenbau GmbH, 2000 Hamburg | Device for burning weakly radioactively contaminated waste |
GB2178586A (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1987-02-11 | Hochtemperatur Kernkraftwerk | Method and apparatus for separating radioactive constituents from gas or vapours escaping accidentally from nuclear reactors |
EP0269847A1 (en) * | 1986-11-06 | 1988-06-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Nuclear power plant with a security confinement |
-
1991
- 1991-04-26 FR FR9105177A patent/FR2675942A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2146831A (en) * | 1983-09-13 | 1985-04-24 | Nico Industriereinigung Ag | Decontamination of radioactively soiled metal sections |
DE3404933A1 (en) * | 1984-02-11 | 1985-08-14 | Hansa Projekt Maschinenbau GmbH, 2000 Hamburg | Device for burning weakly radioactively contaminated waste |
GB2178586A (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1987-02-11 | Hochtemperatur Kernkraftwerk | Method and apparatus for separating radioactive constituents from gas or vapours escaping accidentally from nuclear reactors |
EP0269847A1 (en) * | 1986-11-06 | 1988-06-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Nuclear power plant with a security confinement |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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NUCLEAR ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL vol. 34, no. 421, Août 1989, SUTTON,SURREY,GB pages 47 - 50; 'DEVELOPING AXIAL FLOW CYCLONE SEPARATORS FOR NUCLEAR GAS CLEANING' * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013205525A1 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-02 | Areva Gmbh | Venting system for the containment of a nuclear facility |
DE102013205524A1 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-10-02 | Areva Gmbh | Venting system for the containment of a nuclear facility |
US10236085B2 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2019-03-19 | Framatome Gmbh | Pressure relief system for the containment of a nuclear power facility, nuclear power facility and method of operating a pressure relief system |
US10438706B2 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2019-10-08 | Framatome Gmbh | Venting system for the containment of a nuclear plant and method of operating the venting system |
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