FR2668050A1 - Individual modular retractable seat especially for use by the public - Google Patents

Abstract

Individual folding modular seat that links up to form a row of seats especially for use by the public and characterised in that it consists of (a) two lateral uprights (9, 9'), (b) two coupled supporting surfaces (16, 17) positioned between the two uprights (9, 9'), each of the two supporting surfaces being capable of forming either the sitting part or the backrest of the seat and being hinged elastically together at their base on the one hand, and to the two lateral uprights on the other, so making them movable between a rest position in which they are folded face to face and a position in which they are opened out against return means to form an approximate right angle, (c) stop means for the sitting part (31, 31') and backrest (30, 30') respectively being provided to support each of the two supporting surfaces, (d) and each of the supporting surfaces being capable of swinging from its inactive vertical position to an active position close to the horizontal where it rests on its sitting-part stop, the other supporting surface then becoming the backrest and being automatically abutted against its backrest stop.

Description

The present invention relates to a modular and erasable individual seat in particular for making available to the public in public places for meetings, public transport, administrative premises, public establishments, communities or the like.

More specifically, the individual and modular seat according to the invention will be provided foldable and deployable between an inactive and erasing position and an active deployed position, the seat being particularly remarkable in that it is capable of taking alternately and at the option of the user two active positions deployed opposite them back to back, that is to say, indifferently, without any particular maneuver, oriented towards one side or towards the other with respect to a general plane of rest or median plane.

It will thus be possible within the framework of the implementation of the invention to associate a plurality of modular seats according to a row of collinear seats and each seat being capable of being, independently of the others, deployed in the active position to the right or to the left with respect to the general axis of this row.

This results in a considerable saving of space insofar as in the folded inactive position the seats or the row of seats occupy only a limited space.

Furthermore, the seat according to the invention capable of being oriented on one side or the other of the space can allow versatile use of the premises; it is thus possible, without having to operate any maneuver, in particular without having to move any furniture, to orient the people present towards one side or the other of the space.

The room equipped with seats or rows of seats according to the invention can moreover adapt more comfortably to the local arrangements, since each seat may, according to the geometric conveniences or possibly according to the whim of the users, be oriented to one side or to the other ; moreover the rows of seats according to the invention would make it possible to alternate the use of the seats successively on one side then on the other so that each user would have on each side a dead space (corresponding to the positioning of the neighboring seats towards an opposite orientation) each user thus having "his free cubits" for example to deploy a newspaper or to find an ease of comfortable movements.

We have already described in French patent application number 90 08 722 in the name of the applicant a seat of this type capable of equipping a meeting room or a performance hall and which has the particularity of being orientable according to one or according to the other side of the seat.

The present invention aims at improvements to seats of this type allowing great reliability in use and cost savings at the manufacturing level thanks to the great simplicity of the means used.

To this end, the invention relates to an individual foldable and modular seat, in particular for making available to the public, and characterized in that it consists of (a) two lateral uprights (b) of a set of two twin rest planes arranged between the two uprights, the two rest planes each capable of alternately forming the seat and the back of the seat being elastically articulated between them by their base on the one hand and on the two lateral uprights on the other hand and thus being displaced
Sands between a vertical folded position face against face and a position deployed at an angle close to the right, (c) support means forming a stop being provided for receiving the two rest planes each respectively and alternately in the sitting position and in the back position (d) and each of the rest planes being able to be tilted from its inactive vertical position to an active position close to the horizontal to receive a user in a seated position, the opposite rest plan then forming the backrest.

Preferably the lateral uprights carrying the hinged rest planes belong to a "U" frame itself mounted vertically sliding within a lower box forming a base and allowing the displacement of all of the lateral uprights and rest planes between a lower waiting position and an upper position allowing the deployment of the two rest planes in the active position substantially at a right angle.

More specifically, the "U" frame and the receiver box have reciprocal guide members allowing the vertical movement of the frame in the box with a view to its deployment upwards or its downward folding inside the box.

And more especially the guide members consist of a plurality of linear surfaces such as slides or rails arranged on one of the two elements sliding relative to each other and the guide members are provided cooperating, in the position of contact, with support means arranged on the other element and made up of contacts, in particular with rolling bearings such as rollers, ball cages or with gentle friction.

And more specifically, the linear guide surfaces and the support means are provided with a complementary section to allow engagement of one in the other.

More specifically, each upright comprises a spring member, such as a gas spring, energized during the folding back into the box and assisting in the deployment maneuver outside the box towards the position of use.

Thus, the frame comprises two spring members arranged on each side and associated with each of the uprights, each spring member, such as a gas spring, working under compression and being supported at its base on the base of the box and being connected and secured, at its top, to the top of one of the two uprights.

According to another particular feature of the invention, the base box belonging to the modular seat comprises connection means allowing its removable attachment to an adjacent box.

More specifically, each box has a generally parallelepiped shape and it has two large faces corresponding to the opening faces of the seat towards an active position, the two opposite faces being connected by two lateral flanks opposite to each other, and the box comprises on one side a male organ, such as a hook or mortise, and on the opposite flank a female organ, such as an opening forming a keeper, the two male and female organs belonging to two neighboring boxes being capable of being placed in the engagement position mutual to allow a removable securing of the two boxes between them.

Each box preferably comprises a passage parallel to each large face, the passages of the boxes arranged in series being collinear to receive a removable connecting member such as a tie rod, cable or connecting bar.

According to yet another characteristic, each box comprises on the base of each large face and oriented towards the outside a beveled part giving fruit to the corresponding wall of this face and defining an interior space open on each edge or lateral flank of the box , the interior spaces of this beveled part communicating from one box to the other when the boxes are arranged in series to allow said connecting member to be received.

According to another characteristic, each lateral upright consists of a profiled sheet, comprising along its median vertical axis a central receiving groove for the journal axis of an articulation connecting the two rest planes, this axis projecting towards the exterior and being engaged in this groove, in which it is guided and vertically movable.

More specifically, the groove is itself formed by a profiled fold in '' U'l of the upright, the base of the U-groove being oriented towards the inside of the seat, and this base includes a vertical light for the passage of the axis of journaling or articulation between the two rest planes, this axis being guided vertically movable inside said lumen between two lower and upper positions delimited by the ends of said lumen, the lower position corresponding to a position folded and inactive seat, while the upper position corresponds to the deployed and active position of the seat.

The "U" groove further constitutes the housing of a vertical spring member working in traction and recalling said axis of journalling upwards, against gravity which tends to bring down all of the two rest planes, in their folded position against each other.

According to a development of the invention, the two rest planes defining the seat are identical to each other and each is thus able to respectively constitute the seat or the back of the seat, these two rest plans are arranged face to face symmetrically being connected between them by two lateral hinges, each hinge being formed of two hinges hinged together according to a horizontal journaling axis projecting outwards to be engaged in the vertical guide groove coming from the corresponding upright and said hinge comprises a spring member tending to close the hinge and recall the two rest surfaces against each other and face to face.

The hinges are advantageously provided symmetrical and each hinge is mounted in particular by screwing on the frame of the corresponding rest plane, at its vertical lateral edge, each hinge being shaped so as to come into bearing contact on the other hinge. belonging to the same hinge to delimit the angular movement of the hinge and prevent its opening beyond an angle of determined value.

Each hinge comprises, preferably at its free end opposite the articulation, a support member projecting laterally with respect to the lateral edge of the rest planes and this support member being able to come into bearing, possibly movably sliding on a facing face from the corresponding upright, and this face and said support member are arranged so as to prevent any pivoting of the corresponding rest plane inwards, so that a rest plane can only be pivoted towards the outside between its vertical position and a substantially horizontal position projecting overhang relative to the median plane of the seat, and this so that the pivoting of any plane of rest, maneuvered with a view to its deployment towards the outside, cannot cause any induced and parasitic movement of the twin rest plane under the action of the return spring disposed on the hinge and tending to maintain the two rep planes bone one against the other, the support member of the non-operated rest plane being in abutment on its support face disposed on the upright and opposing this parasitic movement, which allows the deployment and independent operation of one of the two rest plans, the non-operated twin rest plan remaining in place.

Each hinge belonging to a hinge has a general shape in "L", two symmetrical hinges being connected by the ends in adjacent position of the foot of the "L" and being integral by a common articulation axis and this foot has on its lower face an outgrowth coming to bear on the outgrowth of the opposite hinge after mutual pivoting of a hinge relative to the other, the angle of a rest plane with respect to the other then reaching a maximum value of between 80 and 1000, for which the two hinges are locked against one another by the two said protuberances then in abutment.

According to yet another specific feature of the invention, said support member disposed on each hinge consists of a rolling roller cooperating with a first support surface before the upright and formed by a face disposed opposite facing coming from a fold profiled on the upright and forming the outer edge of the central groove receiving the journal axis of the corresponding hinge.

The seat includes a seat stop capable of receiving the support of the rest plane placed in the sitting position, and this stop is arranged at a level such that in the deployment maneuver of the rest plane, the latter comes into contact of said seat stop, the continuation of the maneuver causing by a leverage the rise of the articulation axis of the two planes of rest between them, this articulation axis being movable to slide in its receiving light, up to 'that it reaches the upper end of this light, thus opposing the continuation of the movement and the deployed rest plane thus being in the active position close to the horizontal, position in which it is locked in carrier overhang by the hinge pin pressing on the upper end of the receiving light and by pressing the deployed rest plane resting on said seat stop.

And according to yet another characteristic, each upright has on each of its upper vertical edges an inward fold defining a rear folder stop capable of receiving said roller roller belonging to the twin rest plane of a maneuvered and deployed rest plane , so that the twin rest plane forming the backrest is blocked in position on the one hand by its articulation and by the play of the two protuberances forming stops coming from the hinges in mutual support position and on the other hand by the rest of said rolling roller coming into bearing position on said rear backrest stop.

According to a particular feature, said rear backrest stop arranged in the form of an inward fold of the upright is interrupted at its base at a level higher than the level of the positioning of the roller on the same side and when the latter is in the folded position of the two rest planes against each other, the common articulation axes being in the low position, so that in the initial maneuver for deploying any rest plane, the lateral articulation axes of the two rest planes between them still in a low position, the rolling roller of the maneuvered rest plane can pass under the backrest stop coming from the side of the corresponding upright without meeting it, while at the end of the deployment maneuver, causing an increase axes of articulation of the two rest planes towards the high position, the rolling roller of the hinge belonging to the twin non-maneuvered rest plan, is brought into a positi on high at said rear backrest stop, on which it can then be brought into the support position while ensuring rearward locking and maintaining the rest plane then forming the seat backrest.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows and which is given in relation to a particular embodiment presented by way of nonlimiting example.

Figures la, lb and lc show three front views of seats according to the invention and produced respectively according to a first (Figure la) and a second (Figures lb) and a third (Figure lc) embodiment of the invention, the seats being assembled to form a row here limited to three seats.

Figures 2a, 2b and 2c show a schematic cross-sectional view of a seat according to the invention respectively according to a first form (Figure 2a), a second form (Figure 2b) and a third form (Figure 2c) of embodiment of the invention corresponding to the forms of
Figures la, lb and lc.

Figures 3 and 4 show a schematic view of the seat according to the invention and according to the first embodiment respectively in the compacted position and in the raised position, and to the front views of Figures 3 and 4 correspond the sectional views of Figures 5 and 6.

Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a box forming the base of a seat according to the first embodiment of the invention which will then be repeated in all of the following Figures.

Figure 8 shows a schematic view of a cross section of the base and one of the lateral uprights used in the context of the first embodiment of the invention.

While Figure 9 shows a transverse view of the seat at the hinge connecting the two rest planes.

Figure 10 shows a plan view of the seat according to the first embodiment of the invention, Figure 11 shows a detail view from one side in particular showing the structure of the lateral upright.

Figure 12 shows a plan view of the seat according to the invention revealing in particular the two twin rest planes.

Figures 13a and 13b schematically show the seat in cross section and in the open position to the left (Figure 13a) and to the right (Figure 13b).

Figures 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d show the successive position of the hinges belonging to the seat hinge in the folded and lower position (Figure 14a), in the raised position (Figure 14b), in the open position of the seat (Figure 14c) and finally in the backrest support position (Figure 14d).

Figures 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d show the same positions of the hinges of the joint, further showing for each of the previous positions the situation of the corresponding rest plane.

Figures 15e and 15f are symmetrical views of the
Figures 15c and 15d but showing the opening and deployment of the seat to the left (relative to the
Figure).

Figures la, lb and lc generally show seats assembled together to form a row of seats.

According to Figure la and Figure 2a, the seats rest on a lower seat 1, 1 ', 1 consisting of a box in which slides a frame itself comprising the two uprights 9 and 9', which allows to compact the 'assembly of the seat by vertical translation of the frame and the uprights 9 and 9' inside the base, as seen in particular in Figures 3 and 5.

The frame comprising the two uprights 9 and 9 ′ can be raised upwards in order to deploy the seat to its sitting position as seen in Figures 4 and 6.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1b, the seats essentially consist of uprights 9 and 9 ′ which, instead of being integral with a lower cross member to constitute a frame sliding vertically inside a base, are mounted on a sill lb common to all of the assembled seats, this sill being itself supported on lower supports forming base lc.

In the third embodiment shown in
Figure lc and in section in Figure 2c, the uprights 9 and 9 'of each seat extend to the ground to form the individual legs for each seat, these legs are then sealed in the ground.

In the embodiments of Figures 1b, 1c and 2b, 2c, the uprights are not vertically movable and are fixed once and for all; the advantage of uprights sliding vertically and forming drawers inside a base 1 being, as seen in Figures 3 and 5, to obtain the reduction of the seat in the position of use to an extremely reduced volume; this reduction in volume in the compacted position has advantages, in particular it makes it possible to store the seats in the folded-up position and not in use in a reduced space, this being for storage in the waiting position as well as for transport.

In all cases, the seats consist essentially of two paired rest planes which are clearly visible in FIG. 12, these two rest planes, in the face to face position, are articulated with respect to one another. their base (in the folded and vertical position of the two rest surfaces 16 and 17 - Figure 2a) and according to a specific advantage of the invention, the two rest planes can be deployed either to the right or to the left, like this is apparent from the examination of Figures 13a and 13b, which therefore allows a versatile and particularly flexible operation of the seat or rows of seats according to the invention.

The invention will be more particularly described in relation to the embodiment of Figure la, 2a and
Figures 3 and following; in this first embodiment, the uprights supporting the articulation of the rest planes between them belong to a "U" frame sliding vertically in the base 1.

According to all of Figures 3 and following, it can be seen that the seat is made up of modular units capable of being arranged in series and aligned in a coplanar manner, for example to constitute successive parallel rows in a meeting room, meeting room. show, waiting room etc ...

In the context of the embodiment described here, each modular seat consists of a base formed by a box 1 in particular metallic and more particularly made of sheet steel, the detailed view of Figure 7 shows a perspective presentation.

This box 1 has two large parallel faces 3 and 3 'and two lateral sides 4 and 4'.

At its base, each face 3, 3 'advantageously comprises a beveled base 5 thus giving fruit to the corresponding wall and making it possible to release an interior longitudinal space 5a, 5b; the spaces 5a, 5b of the boxes placed in alignment therefore being collinear to receive a connecting and securing element for example a bar 6, 6 '.

In addition, the boxes will advantageously include on a side a removable male fastening element, for example a hook 7, capable of coming into the engagement position in the mortises or receiving lights 8 provided on a side coming from the neighboring box.

Each box thus has at least one hook 7 on one side and at least one slot 8 on the opposite side.

The aligned caissons can thus have a male member facing a female member consequently allowing the mutual engagement of the side of a caisson with the flank of the neighboring caisson and thus ensuring the joining of the caissons to each other to form a homogeneous row, the maintenance of which is also ensured by the common liaison body 6.

In the box 1 is arranged in a vertically extractable manner a frame 10 in "U" formed by two lateral uprights 9 and 9 'connected by a common base 9 ".

According to a variant, the uprights 9 and 9 ′ could be mounted permanently fixed to the base; the production in the form of an extractable frame makes it possible to compact the assembly more when it is in the non-use position.

In the first embodiment described here, the entire frame 10 is mounted to slide vertically along the inner faces of the sides 4, 4 ′ of the box 3 and forms a vertical drawer.

To this end and as seen in more detail in Figure 11, the outer faces of the upright include guide means cooperating with complementary guide means arranged on the inner face of the sidewall.

These guide members can be of various types and use known sliding means such as rollers, ball guides, cooperating elements with gentle friction.

And preferably they are provided with complementary shapes so as to allow engagement and firm guidance.

In this case, there is provided on the wall facing the outside of the upright 9 a slide movable vertically with this upright; this slide 12 with a "U" profile is guided by a fixed male member mounted on the inner wall of the sidewall 4; this fixed guide member can consist of movable rollers or ball bearing means 11, such as a cantilever
The movement of the vertically sliding frame 10 is also capable of being assisted or mechanically caused by return means, in particular a gas spring 13 disposed on each upright (Figure 7); this jack can advantageously be housed in the vertical groove 14 provided on the outer wall of the receiving flank. The base 13a of the jack 13 rests on the lower part of the sidewall 4 while the top 13b of the corresponding piston is integral with the top 13c of the upright 9, the movement of which is assisted in the lifting maneuver, the rest position of the assembly therefore being the position for extracting the frame 10 from the box 1; this characteristic is advantageous when, as in the French patent application in the name of the applicant cited above, the retraction of the frames in the lower housing that constitutes the box (1) is obtained by external mechanical means; in this case it is advantageous that when these external mechanical means cease to intervene the deployment of the frames outside the box is obtained automatically by the return member constituted by the gas cylinder 13.

The frame 10 and its two lateral uprights 9 and 9 'are themselves carriers of two rest planes 16, 17 which are folded one against the other, facing each other, in the standby position of non-use, being resiliently recalled to this position.

These two rest planes constitute either the seat itself or the seat (horizontal support) of the seat or the backrest (back support).

Being confirmed and clarified that according to an essential characteristic of the invention, neither of the two rest plans is assigned to a particular job.

For this purpose, the two rest planes 16, 17 are identical to each other and each can, depending on the deployment maneuver implemented, be brought into a seated position, in this case the other rest plan being automatically brought into the backrest position.

Each resting surface 16, 17 can advantageously consist of a shell, for example of synthetic material provided with padding; it can also be made up of a metal frame with internal spring and also comprising a cushioning or comfort padding surface.

As seen in FIGS. 13a, 13b and following, each of the rest planes 16 or 17 respectively is articulated on the other twin plane by an articulation or hinge system 18.

This joint 18, which is shown in Figures 9, 14 and following, respectively in the open position and in the closed position one against the other of the two rest planes 16, 17, consists of two identical hinges respectively 19, 19 ′ interconnected by a common hinge pin 20.

The journalling or articulation axis 20 comprises a spring 25, for example of spiral steel wire, and which tends to close the articulation and to bring back or maintain the two hinges and consequently the two rest planes l one against the other in the position shown in Figure 9.

Each hinge 19, 19 ′ has a general shape in “L”, the two hinges joining by their common axis of articulation 20 substantially at the end of the foot of the “L” thus formed.

Near this foot, each hinge has a protrusion 21, 21 ', the two protrusions being brought into contact and in mutual support during the maximum opening of the joint as seen in Figures 13a and 13b.

Each hinge has on its outer edge a flat 19a designed to rest on a seat stop in the seated position of the corresponding rest plane (Figures 14d and 15d).

The protuberances 21 and 21 ′ form a stop system which limits the spacing and the maximum pivoting of any rest plane relative to the other to a predetermined value (between 80 and 1000).

The journalling or articulation axis 20 is provided projecting outwards and it is trapped in the groove 22 (Figures 10 and 11) itself formed by a profiled fold on the corresponding upright.

This articulation axis 20 is mounted displaceable inside the groove 22 in which it accesses by a vertical lumen 23 formed on the face 24 forming the bottom of the FUIF groove 22.

The journal axis 20 of the articulation 18 is thus mounted vertically displaceable with the assembly of the two rest planes 16 and 17 between a low external position limited by the low end of the receiving light 23 and a high external limited position by the upper end of the same light.

The lower position of the journal axis 20 in its receiving lumen 23 corresponds to the vertical folded position and face against face of the two rest planes 16 and 17 according to FIGS. 14a and 15a, the assembly of the two rest planes being pushed back downwards, while the upper position of the journal axis 20 corresponds to the raising of the two rest planes 16 and 17 then brought to their active deployed position to receive the user according to Figures 15c, 15d and 14c, 14d.

Between the extreme low position of the articulation (Figures 14a and 15a) and the extreme high position of this articulation 20 (Figures 15c and 15d, 14c and 14d) then in abutment at the top of the vertical light 23, the intermediate position of the Figures 15b or 14b; in the latter position, the rest planes are vertical folded against each other on standby but ready to be deployed under the manual pressure of the user.

In the case of the second and third embodiments according to the fibers 1b, 1c and 2b, 2c, according to which the lateral uprights 9 and 9 ′ are fixed, without retraction in the base, the light 23 can stop at the level located under joint 20 in the intermediate position of
Figures 15b and 14b.

The two rest planes 16, 17 are brought back one against the other being also pushed back to their low position in FIGS. 14a and 15a by their weight, the articulation axis 20 being guided in its receiving light 23; while a return spring, in particular a helical spring 27 working in tension and which bears on the top of the upright 4, 4 ′ on the one hand and on the journal axis 20 on the other hand partially compensates for the weight of the two rest planes and will facilitate their manual deployment maneuver involving an increase corresponding to the passage from Figure 15b to Figure 15c.

In the deployment maneuver, the user approaches the seat and decides to place either in the sitting position, that is to say horizontal, one of the rest surfaces, either right or left, by manual pivoting.

The rest plane which is operated by the user therefore pivots around the articulation axis 20, according to one of the dotted lines F or F 'of Figure 14b.

The return spring 25 should hold the two rest planes against each other, so that the operation would cause the two rest planes at the same time and would therefore be inoperative.

 It is therefore essential that a rest plane having been selected and maneuvered towards the horizontal position, the opposite rest plane remains in place without following it.

To this end, it can be seen according to FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 that the free end (opposite to the articulation) of each hinge comprises a rolling roller or support roller 28, 28 '.

This rolling roller constitutes a movable stop bearing against a face 29 or 29 ′ of the fold supporting the groove 22, the bottom 24 of which includes the slot 23.

From the outlet, when one of the rest planes 16 is pivoted, the other twin plane 17 is prevented from following this pivoting, the roller 28 'forming a stop being in abutment against the fixed support face 29 and therefore opposes the induced pivoting of the twin rest plane 17 (Figures 15a, 15b and
Figures 15c, 15d).

The pivoting of the rest plane 16 quickly brings the underside of this rest plane to conform the seat in abutment against a flange 31 coming from the corresponding amount and constituting a seat abutment; and this support is preferably done by resting the flat 19a, 19a ′ of the corresponding hinge 19 on this seat stop 31 or 31 ′, the rest plane always maneuvered manually by the user then constitutes, as a result of the support of the flats 19a of the lateral hinges on the lateral seat stops, a lever of the first kind which causes the hinge pin 20 to rise against the action of gravity (but with the assistance of the spring 27) passing of the position of
Figures 14b and 15b to the position of Figures 14c and 15c.

The final thrust of the user then realizes, by this lever movement, the upward movement of the journal axis 20 inside its receiving lumen 23, until this axis 20 reaches the upper position at the top. light ; in this position the rest plane forming the seat is then in its final position of use. (Figure 15c)
In parallel, the ascent of the hinge pin 20 in the groove 22 through the guide light 23 causes the ascent of the twin rest plane 17 which will constitute the backrest.

In this movement, the rolling roller 28 'is raised at a second rear face formed by a fold 30' towards the inside of the lateral upright 4 or 4 'and constituting a backrest stop.

And the tilting towards the rear of the rest plane 17 which constitutes the back under the weight of the user taking place in the seat then finds a rear support which ensures the maintenance in this comfortable and safe position of this plane of rest.

It is understood that the configuration thus described initially allows the free pivoting of a rest plane 16 which will constitute the seat without meeting the corresponding backrest stop 30 (located on its side of the upright); in fact in the initial movement the journal axis 20 being in the lower position (Figures 14b or 15b), the roller 28 of the pivoted rest plane 16 can escape by passing under this backrest stop 30; on the other hand, the twin rest plane will undergo the induced lifting movement described above which allows (only then) the positioning of the roller 28 'on its backrest stop 30' (Figure 15c).

So that either one or the other of the rest planes can be maneuvered to be brought into the sitting position without interfering with its own rear backrest stops arranged laterally, which are only active for the single rest plan which will conform the back having been raised which allows the operational contact of the support roller on its back stop.

Claims (22)

1 - Individual folding, modular and assemblable seat to form a row of seats, in particular for making available to the public and characterized in that it consists of (a) two lateral uprights (9, 9 ') (b) of a set of two paired rest planes (16, 17) disposed between the two uprights (9, 9 '), the two rest planes capable of each alternately forming the seat and the back of the seat being elastically hinged together by their base on the one hand and on the two lateral uprights on the other hand and thus being movable between a vertical folded rest position face against face and a deployed position against return means at an angle close to the right, (c) means d 'support forming stop respectively seat (31, 31') and backrest (30, 30 ') being provided to receive each of the two rest planes (d) and each of the rest planes being able to be tilted from its position vertical inactive to an active position ive close to the horizontal by resting on its seat stop, the opposite rest plane then forming the backrest being brought automatically into abutment on its back stop. 2 - modular individual seat according to claim 1, and characterized in that the articulation axis (20) of the two rest planes (16, 17) between them is mounted sliding vertically in a lumen (23) provided on each of lateral uprights and each of the rest planes (16, 17) and each of the uprights (9, 9 ') laterally comprises support means (28, 28' and 29, 29 ') cooperating with each other to prevent each rest plan to follow the other rest plane when this other rest plane is pivoted towards its sitting position. 3 - Seat according to claim I or claim 2, and characterized in that the lateral uprights (9, 9 ') carrying the rest planes hinged together belong to a "U" frame (10) itself mounted at vertical sliding within a lower box (1) forming a base and allowing the displacement of all the uprights (9, 9 ') and the rest planes (16, 17) between a compacted and retracted lower position and a position superior waiting available then allowing the deployment of the two rest planes in the active position substantially at a right angle. 4 - Seat according to claim 3, and characterized in that the "U" frame (10) and the receiving box (1) comprise reciprocal guide members allowing the vertical movement of the frame (10) in the box (1) with a view to its deployment upwards or its folding downwards inside the box. 5 - Seat according to claim 4, characterized in that said guide members consist of a plurality of linear surfaces such as slides or rails (12) disposed on one of the two elements sliding one relative to the other and the guide members are provided cooperating, in the contact position, with support means (11) arranged on the other element and consisting of contacts in particular with rolling bearings such as rollers, ball cages or with gentle friction. 6 - Seat according to one of claims 3 to 5, and characterized in that the "U" frame (10) comprises a spring member, such as a gas spring (13), bearing on the box or base (1) and energized when folding back into the box, causing the frame (10) to be deployed outside the box towards the position of use. 7 - seat according to one of claims 1 to 6, and characterized in that the box (1) of the base belonging to the modular seat has connecting means (7, 8) allowing its removable attachment to an adjacent box. 8 - Seat according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the box (1) has a generally parallelepiped shape and it has two large faces (3, 3 ') corresponding to the faces opening the seat to a position active, the two opposite faces (3, 3 ') being connected by two lateral flanks (4, 4') opposite to each other, and the box comprises on a flank a male member (7), such as a hook or mortise, and on the opposite flank a female member, such as an opening (8) forming a keeper, the two male and female members belonging to two neighboring boxes being capable of being placed in the position of mutual engagement to allow a removable securing of the two crate between them. 9 - Seat according to one of claims 1 to 8, and characterized in that the box preferably comprises a passage (5a) parallel to each large face (3.3 ′), the passages of the boxes arranged in series being collinear for receive a removable connecting member such as a tie rod, cable or connecting bar (6, 6 '). 10 - Seat according to claim 9, characterized in that the box comprises on the base of each large face (3, 3 ') and oriented towards the outside a bevelled part (5) giving fruit to the corresponding wall of this face and defining an interior space (5a, 5b) open on each edge or lateral flank of the box, the interior spaces of this beveled part communicating from one box to the other when the boxes are arranged in series to constitute a passage and allow to receive said connecting member (6a, 6b). 11 - Seat according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that each lateral upright (9, 9 ') consists of a profiled sheet, comprising along its median vertical axis a groove (22) receiving central guide the journal axis (20) of the articulation between the two rest planes (16, 17), this articulation axis (20) projecting outwards and being engaged in this groove (22), in which it is vertically movable. 12 - Seat according to claim 11, characterized in that the groove (22) is itself formed by a "U" shaped fold coming from the upright, the base (24) of the "U" groove being oriented towards the interior of the seat, and this base includes a vertical light (23) for the passage of the journaling axis (20) or of articulation between the two rest planes (16, 17), this axis being mounted mobile and vertically guided inside said lumen between two lower and upper positions delimited by the ends of said lumen, the lower position corresponding to a folded and inactive position of the seat, while the upper position corresponds to the deployed and active position of the seat , the axis (20) being in abutment on the top of the light (23). 13 - Seat according to claim 12, characterized in that the groove (22) in a "U" further constitutes the housing of a spring member (27) working in traction and recalling said journal axis upward to compensate for the less partially the weight of the two rest plans. 14 - Seat according to one of claims 1 to 13 and characterized in that the two rest planes (16, 17) defining the seat are identical to each other and each is thus able to respectively constitute the seat or the seat back , these two rest planes are arranged face to face symmetrically being interconnected by two hinges or lateral articulations, each hinge being formed of two hinges (19, 19 ') articulated together along a horizontal journaling axis (20) projecting towards the outside to be engaged in the groove (22) and the light (23) for vertical guide coming from the corresponding upright (9, 9 ') and said hinge comprises a spring member (25) tending to close the hinges one on the other and to recall the two rest plans one against the other and face to face. 15 - Seat according to claim 14, characterized in that the hinges (19, 19 ') are provided symmetrical and each hinge is mounted in particular by screwing on the frame of the corresponding rest plane (16, 17), at its vertical lateral edge, each hinge being shaped so as to come into bearing contact on the other hinge belonging to the same hinge to delimit the angular movement of the hinge and prevent its opening beyond an angle of determined value. 16 - Seat according to one of claims 14 or 15, and characterized in that each hinge (19, 19 ') comprises, preferably at its free end opposite the axis of articulation (20), a member of support (28, 28 ') projecting laterally with respect to the lateral edge of the rest planes (16, 17) and this support member being capable of coming to bear possibly movably sliding support on a support face (29, 29 ') facing from the corresponding upright (9, 9') and this face and said support member are arranged so as to prevent any pivoting of the corresponding rest surface inwards, so that a rest plane can only be pivoted outwards between its vertical position and a substantially horizontal position by projecting with respect to the face of the corresponding box, and so that the pivoting of any rest plane, maneuvered with a view to its deployment towards sitting position, cannot cause any movement in duit and parasitic of the twin rest plane under the action of the return spring (25) disposed on the hinge and tending to hold the two rest planes one against the other, the support member (28, 28 ') of the non-maneuvered rest plane being in abutment on its bearing face (29, 29') disposed on the upright (9, 9 ') and opposing a parasitic movement, which allows deployment and maneuvering independent of one of the rest plans, the twin non-operated rest plan remaining in place. 17 - Seat according to one of claims 14, 15 and 16, and characterized in that each hinge (19, 19 ') belonging to a hinge has a general shape in "L", two symmetrical hinges being connected by the ends in adjacent position of the foot of the "L" and being secured by a common hinge pin (20) and this foot has on its underside a projection (21, 21 ') bearing on the projection of the opposite hinge after pivoting mutual of one hinge with respect to the other, the angle of a rest surface with respect to the other then reaching a maximum value of between 80 and 1000, for which the two hinges are locked one against the 'other by the two said growths then in abutment. 18 - Seat according to claim 16, and characterized in that said support member consists of a roller (28, 28 ') rolling cooperating with a first support surface before the upright and formed by a face (29, 29 ') arranged opposite coming from a profiled fold on the upright (4, 4') and forming the outer edge of the central groove (22) receiving the journal axis (20) of the corresponding hinge. 19 - Seat according to one of claims 1 to 18, and characterized in that each of the uprights has on each vertical edge a horizontal fold towards the center (31, 31 ') defining a seat stop constituting support for the plane of rest (16, 17) maneuvered towards its horizontal or deployed position and then constituting the seat of the seat, the twin rest plane opposite to the deployed rest plane then constituting the back of said seat. 20 - Seat according to claim 19, and characterized in that this seat stop (31, 31 ') is arranged at a level such as in the maneuver for deploying the rest plane, the external face of the latter or its hinge (19) comes into contact with said seat stop (31, 31 '), the continuation of the maneuver causing by a leverage the rise of the axis (20) of articulation of the two rest planes between them, this axis (20) of articulation being movable and guided to slide in its receiving light (23), until it reaches the upper end of this light, then opposing the continuation of the movement and the plane deployed rest position being in active position close to the horizontal, position in which it is locked in overhang by the hinge pin (20) bearing on the upper end of the receiving light (23) and by supporting the lateral hinges resting on the lateral seat stops. 21 - Seat according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that each upright (9, 9 ') has on its upper vertical edge an inward fold defining a second bearing face (30, 30') high rear or backrest stop for receiving said roller (28, 28 ') belonging to the twin rest plane of a maneuvered and deployed rest plane, so that the twin rest plane forming the backrest is locked in position d 'firstly by its articulation and the hinge stops (21, 21') and secondly by the rest of the roller (28, 28 ') coming from the hinge of the rest plane then forming a backrest and coming in position d 'support on said rear folder stop (30, 30'). 22 - Seat according to claim 21, and characterized in that said rear backrest stop (30, 30 ') arranged in the form of an inward fold of the upper vertical lateral edge of the upright (9 or 9') is interrupted at its base at a level higher than the level of the positioning of the corresponding roller (28, 28 ') which faces it when the latter is in the folded position of the two rest planes (16, 17) against each other. other, their common axis of articulation (20) being in the low position, so that in the initial maneuver of deployment of any rest plane, the axis of articulation (20) of the two rest planes between them still in the low position, the rolling roller (28) of the maneuvered rest plane can pass under the backrest stop (30) of the corresponding amount without meeting it, while at the end of the deployment maneuver, causing an increase in the hinge pin (20) in its lumen (23), towards its ha position ute, the roller (28 ') of the hinge (19') belonging to the non-operated twin rest plane, is brought into a high position at the level of said rear backrest stop, on which it can then be brought into position d 'support ensuring rearward locking and maintenance of the rest plane then forming the seat back.