FR2640161A1 - CYCLONE FILTER - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a cyclone filter. According to the invention, it comprises a housing 1 having slits and cleavers 3, arranged below the slits in the direction of movement of the liquid, a helical guide 5 with a central hole 6, a settling tank 8 and a filter element 13. , a diaphragm 9 having a central hole 10, a perforated tube 14 and a perforated helical spacer 11 mounted in the central hole 10 of the diaphragm 9 on the side of the settler 8; the diaphragm 9 is mounted at the end of the central channel 6, located on the side of the settling tank 8; the perforated tube 14 is mounted coaxially inside the central channel 6 of the helicodal guide 5; slots 7 are made in the wall of the channel 6 and are arranged under the cleavers 3 mounted on an axis 4 with the possibility of oscillating; the direction of the turns of the part 11 corresponds to that of the helical guide 5 of the housing 1; on the side of the settling tank 8, the helical guide 5 is provided with a cover 22. The invention applies in particular to the coal and chemical industries.

Description

The present invention relates to the field of mechanical constructions and

is intended in particular to

  cyclone filters used in hydraulic equipment

  than fixed installations and in hydraulic systems of motor vehicles and tractors to rid, of mechanical impurities, liquids

  engines, lubricants and refrigerants.

  The claimed device may also be used

in the coal industry.

  It is advantageous to use the invention in the chemical industry for the purification of detergent liquids. There is known a cyclone filter (DE, A, 2500987) comprising a housing, a sand pipe, a tubing

  part of which, which is

  inside the filter is mounted a heli-

  dal between the turns of which are arranged in the plane

  vertically following a spiral, blades whose ends

  are spaced from the inside wall of the housing a distance of 0.33 to 0.9 times the spacing

  formed between the evacuation pipe and the wall

top of the box.

  In this case, screen plates are mounted upstream of the sand pipe, along the axis of the filter,

  with a spacing from the body and one by

port to another.

  A polluted liquid arrives in the cyclone filter, passes through the convergent channel formed by the blades and the walls of the helical guide. At this time, the velocity of the liquid increases and after it has emerged from the channel, it decreases sharply as a result of the increase in the area of the cross-section. Particles of an impurity which pollutes the liquid, whose speed has been accelerated in the channel, fail to follow the variation (as a result of their inertia) of the speed of liquid current after their exit from the channel and that they are directed towards the inner wall of the housing, that is, they are separated from the liquid stream and then removed from the housing.

  filter, through the sand pipe.

  The purified liquid is discharged from the cyclone filter through the evacuation manifold. In the known device, we have not succeeded in

  separate from a polluted liquid using the aforementioned forces

  born of inertia as large and heavy particles,

  that is to say that the fineness of the purification of the liquid is, in this case, mediocre. Stagnant areas are formed as the liquid moves to the sand pipe and upstream of the screen trays, resulting in the deposition and accumulation of impurities thereon. After the accumulated impurities have reached a fixed quantity, there may be a return of the impurity in the purified stream or its deposition in the zone of the sand pipe, this

  which can cause congestion and interrup-

  operation of the filter. Thus, the duration of

  continuous operation of the known cyclone filter, especially when used for highly polluted liquids,

  is small and, therefore, the effectiveness of its

is low.

  A device for the centrifugal separation of solid particles from a liquid (SU, A,

  526394) comprising a housing, a tan inlet pipe

  In this case, filter elements are mounted coaxially and made in the form of porous tubes with a spiral located between them. One end of the spiral is attached to

  housing in the area of the tangential inlet manifold.

  A polluted liquid or a suspension is

  brought under pressure through the tangential inlet manifold

  tielle, in the device. The twisted current of the liquid enters the channel formed by the spiral, in a space

  concentric limited by the filter elements. The filter

  The liquid is produced by the action of the hydrostatic component of the pressure. Particles of impurity

  are removed from the filter through the tubing.

  The purified liquid arrives in the evacuation tubing

and is removed from the filter.

  The mode of arrangement of the filter elements with respect to helical guidance in the form

  of a spiral leads to a decrease in the tangential velocity

  of the liquid along the length of the helical guide due to the continuous evacuation of the liquid through the

  filtering elements which leads to the reduction of

  these centrifuges which act on the impurity particles

  Safety Statements. As a result of an uneven distribution of forces

  centrifuges along the length of the spiral, the separa-

  The maximum accumulation and accumulation of impurities takes place on small areas which leads to a decrease in the duration

of life of the filter elements.

  There is also known a cyclone device (SU, A, 906622) used for separating heavy impurities from working fluids, which comprises a housing with a helical guide and a slot provided with a deflection wall, labyrinth partitions, filter elements, input and output channels, undecollection, and a

  electro magnet. The edge of the slot is folded in the di-

rection of the meeting current.

  In this device, centrifugal forces are created during the movement of a polluted liquid through

  the helical channel. Under the action of these forces, the

  particles of impurity accumulate near the outer wall.

  channel and are moved by the current towards the slot. Due to the fact that the edge of the slot is folded towards the helical channel, the most polluted portion of the current

  in rotation is captured and is evacuated to the decanter.

  In the decanter, the speed of the current decreases and the

  heavier particles of impurity precipitate.

  By passing through the area of the magnetic field, the particles having magnetic properties are deposited on the poles of the electromagnet. More tiny and light

  particles rush between labyrinthine partitions.

  The particles that remain in the liquid are

  stopped on the filter element.

  The purified liquid arrives in the outlet channel.

  The accumulated impurity is evacuated through a magnetic drain plug located at the conical lower part of the

casing, from the decanter.

  The device in question is characterized by a

  number of disadvantages. The filter element is dis-

  placed at the top of the settler, upstream of the slot on the housing, and the lower part of the housing downstream of the slot is blind. As a result of this mode of arrangement of the filter element and its position relative to the slot, the flow of the liquid emerging from the clarifier and going towards the filter element coincides with the stream of polluted liquid arriving from the slot in the decanter, that is to say that, in this case, the liquid flow opening the decanter passes next to the slot on the housing and causes the liquid flow of this fdnte; all this polluted liquid goes to the filter element and engulfs it. As a result, its duration

  of life is short. By forming, in a counterattack

  current (the liquid coming out of the clarifier is directed, through the channel, towards the filter element and the liquid coming out of

  the slot moves on a part of the canal, towards the

  the current in the decanter, which reduces the efficiency of the deposition of particles on

  this one. This inconvenience results in the current arriving

  the filter element contains a significant quantity

  impurity which contributes to the acceleration of the

  filter element and decreases the period of continuous filter operation. A further disadvantage of the known cyclone filter is that after the clogging of the filter element all impurities return through the open end of the central channel into the stream, i.e. In this case, the use of helical guidance after which the separated impurities are mixed back into the main stream of liquid is not effective. Thus, the use of helical guidance in all known cyclone filters is not effective because, due to the irregular distribution of the tangential velocity of the liquid along the entire length of the helical channel and the poor separation of the polluted layer and purified stream, their subsequent mixing could not be suppressed. It was therefore proposed to create a cyclone filter whose design of the elements and their mutual arrangement would, thanks to the separation of the polluted layer of the purified stream and the removal of their subsequent mixture, to increase the efficiency purification and

  life of the filter elements.

  The problem thus posed is solved by means of a cyclone filter comprising a housing having slots and cleavers arranged below the slots in the direction of the displacement of a liquid to be purified, a helical guide with a central channel, a decanter and filter elements, characterized according to the invention, in that the filter is provided with a diaphragm having a central hole, a perforated tube and a perforated helical insert disposed in the hole of the diaphragm on the side. of the decanter, in that the diaphragm is mounted at the end of the central channel, end being on the side of the 3D settler, in that the perforated tube is mounted inside the central channel of the helical guide, coaxially with the here, in that the slots are made in the wall of the channel and are below the cleavers mounted on an axis with the possibility of oscillating, the direction

  turns of the helical spacer piece correspon-

  then to the direction of the turns of the helical guide of the housing and the helical guide being provided with a

lid on the decanter side.

  This embodiment contributes to the increase of the service life of the filter elements by virtue of the fact that the polluted liquid is purified in stages. In the first stage, the liquid is freed from large and heavy particles of impurities and during the second stage, the liquid is purified permanently, the most minute

  particles are then removed.

  By equipping the cyclone filter with a diaphragm with a helical insert, the

  mixing separate streams of liquid to be purified.

  The perforated tube ensures the orientation of

  filter elements so as to suppress the swirling

  current arriving at the filter elements.

  The direction of the helical spacer eliminates the braking of the liquid flow from the decanter to the filter elements and exerts an action of

  deflection on particles of impurities.

  By mounting the lid to close the channel

  helical on the decanter side, the counter

  flow of liquid during its movement towards the

decanter.

  By mounting the cleavers on the axis with possibility to oscillate, we offer the possibility to adjust the thickness

  the impurity layer to be evacuated.

  It is advantageous that the length and width of the slots in the wall of the central channel are equal to or less than the length and width of the cleavers because this embodiment is necessary to ensure the arrival of the purified liquid in the interior cavity. of the central channel and to suppress the return

impurity.

  It is advantageous that each of the cleavers is made in the form of a part having the profile of a

  wing whose front edge is equal to the thickness of the

  spacing between the housing and the center channel and the edge

  back is oriented to meet the flow of liquid.

  This embodiment of the cleaver removes the

  swirling of the liquid at the moment when the layer of

  purities is separated from the purified liquid layer and ensures the subsequent progressive displacement of the separated layers through the slits towards the central channel and

the decanter.

  In the case where the thickness of the front edge of the splitter profile is equal to the thickness of the spacing between the housing and the central channel, the leakage of the liquid

  polluted in the stream of liquid is removed.

  It is also advantageous that the cleavers are arranged at different levels relative to the diaphragm. This gives the possibility of reducing the resistance of the cyclone filter and of suppressing the swirling of the liquid by the jets opening out of the slots. The speed of the liquid passing through

slots must be limited.

  It is desirable that the length and width of the cleavers decrease in the direction of the diaphragm. This embodiment of the cleavers removes

  the accumulation of impurities on the lid.

  The invention will be better understood and other purposes, details and advantages thereof will become more apparent in the

  light of the following description of different

  Embodiments given only by way of non-limiting example with reference to the accompanying non-limiting drawings in which: - Figure 1 shows, in longitudinal section, a cyclone filter, according to the invention; and FIG. 2 represents a section along line II-II in FIG. 1. Let us examine FIG. 1 which represents a filter

cyclone, according to the invention.

  The cyclone filter comprises a housing 1 having slots 2 and cleavers 3 arranged below

  slits, according to the direction of displacement of a liquid.

  The cleavers 3 are mounted on shafts 4. The filter also comprises a helical guide 5 with a central channel 6 in the wall of which are formed slits 7 located below the cleavers 3. The length and thickness of the slots 7 are equal to or smaller than the length and thickness of the cleavers 3. A diaphragm 9 whose central hole 10 receives

  a helical spacer 11 with a perforation

  12 is mounted at the end of the central channel 6 of the

side of the decanter 8.

  The helix of the helical spacer part is of the same direction as the turns of the guide

helical 5 of the housing 1.

  The filter elements 13 are housed at

  inside the central channel 6, on a perforated tube 14.

  The lower end of the perforated tube 14, located on the side of the diaphragm 9, is provided with a check valve 15 and the upper end is connected to an outlet channel 16. The filter elements 13 are mounted with a radial spacing 17 relative to the walls of the central channel 6 and with an axial spacing 18 by

  to the diaphragm 9. A calming device 19-

  realized in the form of a perforated cylinder and a magnet (electromagnet) 20 are arranged at the bottom

of the decanter 8.

  The cyclone filter also has a tangential inlet channel 21. The helical guide 5 is separated from the decanter 8 by a cover 22. In addition, each of the cleavers 3 is in the form of a part having the shape of a wing

  whose front edge 23 is equal to the thickness of the space

  24 between the housing 1 and the central channel 6 while the rear edge 24 is oriented to meet the

liquid flow.

  Each of the cleavers 3 is mounted on the axis 4 with the possibility of oscillating and the value of the spacing can then be fixed o - is the value of the spacing between the rear edge 24 of the cleavers 3 and the wall of the

central channel 6.

  The cleavers 3 are arranged at different

  levels relative to the diaphragm 9.

  The length and width of the cleavers 3

  decrease in the direction of the diaphragm 9.

  The cyclone filter works as follows. A polluted liquid (for example, a mineral oil) arrives, through the inlet channel 21, to the helical guide 5, and circulating according to this guidance, it acquires a circular motion. Under the action of the centrifugal forces which are generated as a result of this movement and which act on the particles of impurities, the largest and heaviest particles are separated from the liquid stream and deposited in the form of a layer having a certain thickness on the wall of the central channel 6. Under the action of the force of gravity and friction with the main stream of liquid,

  this layer moves to the cleavers 3.

  The values of the spacings, that is to say the quantity of liquid containing the impurities, therefore the quantity of liquid that must be discharged into the decanter 8, are previously set by hand or automatically, taking into account the content initial

  in impurities, using the cleavers 3.

  In this case, the sharp rear edge 24 of the cleavers 3 separates the impurity layer having the thickness of the purified stream into the helical guide 5 which, through the slot 7, reaches the radial spacing 17 and then proceeds to through the filter elements 13 and the perforated tube 14 and is directed to the

exit 16.

  Because the front edge 23 of the cleavers 3 closes all the spacing 24, the leakage of the liquid along the entire annular space 24 through the cleavers is eliminated. While the current passes through each subsequent cleaver 3 in the direction of the diaphragm 9, the velocities of the currents opening through the slots 2

  and 7 decrease and the liquid flow arrives jointly

  With the impurity, the lid 22, by performing on it circular movements in the direction of the cleaver 3 next to the diaphragm. A portion of the impurities is then deposited on the lid 22 and is

  discharged by said cleavers 3, to the decanter 8.

  Taking into consideration that the thickness of the impurity layer is then distributed in an irregular manner, and increases in the direction of the cover 22, the length and the width of the cleavers 3 decrease in

the direction of the diaphragm 9.

  The polluted layer arrives with a portion of the liquid through the slot 2 of the casing 1 in the

decanter 8.

26'40161

  11- As a result of the large difference between the passage sections of the slots 2 and the decanter 8, the speed of the liquid arrived in the decanter 8 decreases sharply. Under the action of gravitational forces and magnet 20, the largest and heaviest particles

impurities are deposited.

  The magnet 20 holds the ferro-particles

  magnetic. The stream purified in the decanter 8 of the liquid iO arrives at the helical intermediate part 11 and, moving along this intermediate part, the current

is set in rotary motion.

  After that, this current passes through the perforation 12 and the hole 10 into the axial spacing 18

  from the central channel 6 to the filter elements 13.

  The centrifugal forces generated during the rotary movement of the current exert a deflection action on the impurity particles which have come close to 1% helicoidal spacer part 11. This eliminates the risk of penetration of the impurities.

to perforations 12.

  The stream of liquid arriving at the settling device 19 is divided by the perforations into a number of jets which cooperate and attenuate the oscillations of the

liquid in the decanter.

  When a filter element 13 is obstructed by the impurities, the liquid pressure in the cyclone filter increases. Once the pressure has reached a critical value, the check valve 15 comes into play and opens the perforated tube 14. In this case, the liquid is directed, after the helical guidance 5, immediately to the

  perforated tube 14 then to the outlet channel 16.

  The design of the cyclone filter makes it possible to purify the liquid in a wide range of variation of its properties with respect to its viscosity and the

pollution rate.

  In addition, optimal diets of

  operation of the cyclone filter.

26 4 0 1 6 1

R EV E N D I C A. T 1O N S-

  1. Cyclone type filter having a

  housing having slots and cleavers arranged

  below the slits in the direction of the displacement of a liquid, a helical guide with a central channel, a decanter and filter elements, characterized in that it is provided with a diaphragm (9) having a central hole (10) , a perforated tube (14) and a perforated helical insert (11) housed in the hole (10) of the diaphragm on the decanter side (8), in that the diaphragm (9) is located at the end of the central channel (6) on the side of the decanter (8), in that the perforated tube (14) is mounted inside the central channel (6) of the helical guide (5), coaxially with it, in slits (7) are formed in the wall of the channel (6) and are located below the cleavers, mounted on an axle (4) with the possibility of oscillating, the direction of the turns of the helical insert (11). ) corresponding, in this case, to the direction of the turns of the helical guide (5) of the housing (1) and the helical guide (5) being provided with a lid (22) on the side of the

decanter (8).

  Cyclone filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the length and the width of each slot (7) of the channel (6) are equal to or less than

  length and width of the cleavers (3).

  Cyclone filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of each of the cleavers (3) is in the form of a wing whose leading edge is equal to the thickness of the spacing between the casing and the central channel and in that the rear edge is

  oriented at the meeting of the liquid stream.

  4. Cyclone filter according to any one of

  Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cleavers

  (3) are arranged at different levels with respect to the diaphragm. Cyclone filter according to Claim 4,

  characterized in that the length and width of the

  dormers (3) decreases towards the diaphragm.