FR2625922A1 - PROCESS FOR TRANSFORMING HOUSEHOLD GARBAGE AND INSTALLATION FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The household waste transformation process includes electromagnetic separation of household waste in a magnetic field with an intensity of 20 to 40 kA / m, their composting in a biothermal drum with aeration and mixing carried out alternately at maximum and minimum rotational speed of the biothermal drum. The speed of rotation is slowed down to the minimum value after the household waste has heated up to the temperature of 25 to 35 degree (s) C and 52 to 55 degree (s) C and the speed is accelerated to 'to the maximum value after the temperature of the household waste has reached 45 to 50 degree (s) C and 60 to 70 degree (s) C. The composted garbage is then separated into compost and non-compostable waste. The invention also relates to an installation for implementing such a method.

Description

262S922

  "Garbage processing process

  household and installation for its implementation ".

  The present invention relates to a method of transforming domestic waste and an installation

for its implementation.

  The invention will find application to the industrial sanitation and garbage processing of a city in organic fertilizers for agriculture (compost) and raw materials (debris)

metal) for the iron and steel industry.

  There is a known method of transforming household waste including classification and grinding of garbage, their transformation into compost by aerobic microbes followed by the subsequent separation of garbage composted into compost and non-compostable products ("Sanitation and cleaning of localities" , guidebook, by AN Mirny and others,

1985, p. 103).

  Composting is usually carried out in two biothermic towers equipped with conveyor screws that mix and grind rubbish. As a result of an inefficient mixing process, the garbage composting is of long duration and, as a result, its yield is poor. The mixing process produces a low quality compost because it contains a large amount of large fractions (the content of fractions greater than 60 mm is about%.). Also known is a household refuse processing method which comprises the electromagnetic primary separation of household waste in a magnetic field whose voltage is 56 kA / m, their composting in a biothermal drum during their mixing and aeration, the separation by screening garbage composted in compost and non compostable products. After screening, the secondary magnetic separation is carried out in a magnetic field, whose intensity is 56 kA / m in order to extract compost from ferrous metals and non-compostable products. ("Sanitary cleaning and cleaning of locality", Guide by A.N. Mirny et al., 1985, page). Composting is carried out in a drum rotating at a constant speed of 0.13 rpm, whereas the loading and unloading of the garbage and the unloading of the composted garbage take place at the speed of rotation of the biothermal drum equal to

1.49 rpm.

  The rotation of a biothermal drum during composting at a constant speed creates conditions favorable to the formation of anaerobic stagnant zones which prevent the creation of favorable conditions for the development of microorganisms which reduces the quality of the compost. Due to the low content of heavy metal scrap (up to about 1% by weight), the remainder being removed during the primary separation, garbage is not sufficiently crushed during composting. This drawback also lowers the quality of the compost that contains pieces

large fractions.

  According to the method described, the increase in the quality of the compost requires to increase the duration of

  composting which leads to a decline in its yield.

  There is known a biothermal drum (SU, A, 363523) which comprises a cylindrical body, provided with a pipe located on the side of the front wall and a loading device in the form of a screw conveyor equipped with a nozzle mounted with a spacing in said manifold. Protrusions with sharp edges are provided on the active surface of

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  the screw conveyor and the nozzle of the screw conveyor is provided with spring projections disposed in the hollow of the tubing to improve grinding

garbage.

  The conveyor screw of the loading device produced according to this design and acting as the grinding member is engorged rather quickly by waste such as wire, textile, rope,

  etc. and is thus put out of action.

  Pebbles, metal debris found in the household garbage cause blunting of the sharp edges of the conveyor screw which does not ensure, therefore, an effective grinding of garbage. This biothermal drum does not produce a compost of good quality. As a result, the biothermal drum just described can not

  not find the application on an industrial scale.

  A domestic waste processing plant (SU, A, 902820) is known comprising, successively mounted, an electromagnetic separator, a hopper for the loading of household refuse, a biothermal drum provided with a control which sets it in rotation, and a lid, mounted immovably and having an opening for the passage of household waste joining the end face of the drum with a clearance within which is disposed a nozzle 2, cylindrical fixed on said lid, connected to its opening and mounted in the drum with an annular spacing in which is arranged a labyrinth seal, installation also comprising an unloading device and a device for separating garbage composted compost and non compostable products, helical fins acting as the screw conveyor belt being mounted on the inner surface of the biothermal drum with a variable pitch which increases to the unloading device. In part 3: remote from the end faces of the drum at a distance not exceeding its diameter by one and a half times, the helical fins are made with slots and plates are mounted between them on the walls

  drum following its generator.

  The device works in the following way: After the electromagnetic separation, the waste to be transformed reaches from the hopper into the biothermal drum which rotates at a speed of 1.5 t Itr / min. The helical fins pick up the garbage and convey it to the slotted fins and plates where the composting process takes place. Then, the biothermal drum is transferred to a composting mode during which the speed of its rotation is constant and is 0.3 rpm. The composting takes place from 2 to 3 days. Once composting is complete, the drum is unloaded at the speed of its

rotation of 1.5 rpm.

  As garbage is moved during the operation of this biothermal drum 2U to the unloading device, they are overcompressed because the height of the garbage in the vicinity of the end face of the unloader side is 0.4 to 0.6 m greater than that of garbage in the vicinity of the opposite end face. As a result, anaerobic stagnant areas form and slow down the composting process by lowering the quality of the compost. Moreover, for the conditions of composting garbage in this drum to be favorable it is necessary to watch that the rate of its loading does not exceed 60%, which reduces the

drum performance.

  This phenomenon of overcompaction is due to insufficient length of the slotted helical fins

  and plates arranged between them.

  3D During the use of this device, during the rotation of the drum, the clearance between the nozzle and the wall of the drum varies and the seal maze does not prevent the trash to pour through this game. under the conditions

  Sanitary hygienic of the work of the personnel in charge.

  It has therefore been proposed to develop a household waste transformation process by a corresponding choice of the technological parameters of electromagnetic separation and of waste composting (0) and to create a device for its implementation by modifying the design of household waste. elements of the biothermal drum so as to increase the efficiency of the process and improve the quality of the

compost produced.

  The problem thus posed is solved by means of a household waste transformation process including the electromagnetic separation of household refuse, their composting during their mixing and aeration in the biothermal drum and the separation of composted garbage into compost and waste. non-compostable waste, characterized according to the invention in that the electromagnetic separation of household waste is carried out in the magnetic field at the intensity of 20 to kA / m and the mixture of household waste during their composting is alternately to the maximum speed 23 and minimum rotation of the biothermal drum, the speed of rotation to the minimum value being reduced as soon as the temperature of the garbage has reached 25 to 35 ° C and 52 to 55C respectively and the speed being increased until the maximum value after the temperature has reached 45 to 50 ° C and 60 to 70 C respectively. Performing the process at these regimes of electromagnetic separation and composting garbage allows: - to increase the process efficiency by 3 to 8%; - to increase by 6% the amount of compost, whose fraction content is less than 20 mm thanks to the content of heavy metal scrap garbage up to 4% by mass; - to reduce the content of metal debris

in impurities up to 3.0%.

  To intensify the process of mixing and grinding garbage, it is advantageous that the composting is performed alternately at the speed of rotation of the biothermal drum of 1.0 to 5.0 rpm and 0.04 to 0.5 tr / min and that the change of the speed of rotation is

performed for 0.1 to 0.5 s.

  In order to create favorable conditions for the vital activity of microorganisms during composting, it is preferable to change at least once the direction of movement of the household waste during the period of rotation of the biothermal drum to the

Maximum speed.

  There is also provided an installation for the implementation of the claimed method which comprises, successively disposed an electromagnetic separator, - a hopper for the loading of household waste, a cylindrical biothermal drum, provided with a command for its rotation and d a lid mounted stationary relative to said drum and having an opening for the passage of household refuse and disposed at a distance from its end face, the drum enclosing, in this case, a cylindrical nozzle fixed to its lid set in communication with its opening. and mounted therein, with an annular spacing in which a labyrinth seal is mounted, the inner surface of the drum being provided with helical fins arranged in a spiral for the movement and mixing of household refuse and made with slits to the portion being at a distance from the end faces of the drum and also the plates, disposed between said slotted fins, also comprising an unloading device and a device for separating garbage composted from compost and non-compostable waste, characterized, according to the invention, in that the length of the trapezoid-shaped slotted fin portion is 0.85 to 0.95 times the length of the drum and that the plates are mounted on this portion at an angle to at the generatrix of the drum in the reverse direction at the disposition of said fins with respect to the generator, the nozzle is made with an opening directed towards the hollow of the drum and in that an annular collector is provided on the drum on the side of the lid to catch garbage fallen from the drum, in that this collector forms, with the nozzle, a tank, with partitions that divide it into sections through which garbage

  captured are moved towards the opening of the nozzle.

  This design of the biothermal drum 2 contributes to the regular repair of garbage along its length and cross section without creating overcompaction or stagnant anaerobic zones. As a result, the volume of garbage filling the biothermal drum is at least 80%. This increases the yield

  2_ the garbage transformation process.

  The presence of the annular collector for the collection of garbage discharged contributes to the improvement of sanitary and hygienic conditions of the work of the

staff.

  To ensure more efficient mixing and grinding of refuse along the length of the biothermal drum, it is advantageous that the area of the active surface of the slotted vanes is 1.8 to 3.0 of the cross-sectional area of the drum. drum and that their height is 0.1 to 0.2 of its diameter that the angle between each of the plates and the generatrix of the drum is 5 to 30 'and that the ratio between the adjacent plates in the cross section of the drum and its diameter is between 0.02 and 0.04 and that their

  height of 0.02 to 0.03 diameter of the drum.

  In order to protect the walls of the drum against wear, it is desirable that fluted surface metal bars be arranged in a helical line between the helical fins without slots on the side of the drum cover on its side.

inner surface.

  The invention will be better understood and other purposes, details and advantages thereof will become more apparent

  in the light of the explanatory description of the different

  embodiments of the given claimed process

  only as non-limiting examples.

Example 1

  Domestic waste containing 4.5% of metal debris is fed to a conveyor belt on which they are subjected to magnetic separation in a magnetic field at an intensity of 20 kA / m. After separation, the content

  waste metal scrap is 3.9% by mass.

  Then, the garbage is conveyed in a biothermal drum 60 m long, 4 m in diameter, rotating at a speed of 1.49 rpm during loading. During the composting of garbage, they heat up to 25 C as a result of the vital activity of microorganisms. After that, the rotational speed of the drum is reduced to 0.04 rpm, then, after raising the temperature to 45 C, the speed of rotation of the drum is accelerated to 5 rpm. mn, then, after the heating of the garbage up to 52 C, the speed of rotation of the biothermic drum is slowed down again to 0.5 rpm and at the temperature of C, the speed is again raised to at 3 rpm. The rotation speed of the biothermal drum is changed for 0.5 seconds when switching from maximum speed to minimum speed and for 0.1 s during reverse charging. During the composting process, the direction of the household waste movement is changed once during drum rotation & maximum speed at 45-52C. The total time required for composting including loading is 48 hours. Subsequently, the composted refuse is discharged from the drum by simultaneously loading the newly arrived garbage at the speed of drum rotation of 1.49 rpm. After unloading, the garbage is sent to the screen during which they are separated into compost and non-compostable waste. Compost and non-compostable waste are subject to secondary electromagnetic separation

  in the magnetic field whose intensity is 56 kA / m.

  The separated compost is sent to a consumer as a fertilizer while the waste

  compostables are sent to pyrolysis.

  wD The technical and economic performance of the

  described method are given in Table 1.

2, L2625922

TABLE 1

  Nc ::: Process: golden - :: _________ dre: Technical performances and: return: realized in the:: economic of the process: diqué: device according to: :: î: the certificate: ::: of Soviet author : ::: tick n 902820: 1: Annual production, mil-: 36: 34: tonnes:: 2: Quantity of compost containing ::::: less than 20 mm,%: 74: 68

:: ::

  3: Content of metallic debris separated by impurities, ::

*:%: 2: 5

::::

  4: Garbage content in :: i-: metal debris,%: 4.5: 4: Garbage content in :: heavy metal debris ::: after separation ::: primary,%: 3.9: 0 Example 2 Household waste containing 4.3% of metal debris is fed to a loading belt of a conveyor on which they are subjected to magnetic separation in the magnetic field at an intensity of 30 kA / m. After separation, the content

  garbage metal scrap is 3.5% by mass.

  Then, the garbage arrives in the biothermal drum 60 m long, 4 m in diameter

  turning when loading at the speed of 1.49 rpm.

  During composting garbage is heating up

  up to 35 ° C as a result of the vital activity of micro-

  organizations. After that, the speed of rotation is slowed down to 0.1 rpm, after the temperature reaches 46 C the speed of rotation of the drum is increased to 3.0 rpm, and then after heating of the garbage up to 55 ° C, the speed of rotation of the biothermal drum is slowed to 0, C4 rpm and at a temperature of 700 ° C, the speed is accelerated to 5.0 rpm. The rotation speed of the biothermal drum is changed for 0.4 seconds when switching from maximum speed to minimum speed and vice versa for 0.2 s. During composting, the direction of garbage displacement was changed twice during rotation of the biothermal drum at maximum speed at 46-55 ° C and 70 ° C. Total composting time including loading is 48 hours. Then, the garbage is unloaded from the drum by simultaneously loading the newly arrived garbage at the rotational speed of the drum at 1.49 rpm. After unloading, the garbage is sent to the screen during which they are separated into compost and non-compostable waste. Compost and non-compostable waste are subjected to secondary electromagnetic separation in the magnetic field at the intensity of 56 kA / m. The separated compost is sent to the consumer as a fertilizer while the

  Non-compostable waste is sent to pyrolysis.

  The technical and economic performance of the

  described method are given in Table 2.

1 2

TABLE 2

  N ::: Process: Or- :: -----------------: dre: Technical performance and: return: realized in 'the:: economic process: diqué: device according to: s :: î: the certificate: ::: of Soviet author: ::: tick n 902820: 1: Annual production, mil-: 35: 34: tons::

::::

  2: Quantity of compost containing: ::: less than 20 mm,%: 70: 68:

::::

  3: Content of metallic debris separated by impurities, ::

:%: 3: 5:

::::

  1D 4: Garbage content in :: metal scrap,%: 4,3: 4:

::::

  : Garbage content in :: heavy metal debris ::: after separation::: primary,%: 3,5: 0,9: Example 3 Garbage containing 4.1% of metal debris is brought to the web loading a conveyor on which they are subjected to magnetic separation in a magnetic field at the intensity of 40 kA / m. After the separation, the content of the scrap metal debris is 3.1%. Then, the garbage is conveyed in a biothermal drum 60 m long and 4 m diameter rotating

  during loading at the speed of 1.49 rpm.

  During garbage composting, they heat up to 27 ° C as a result of the vital activity of the microorganisms, after which the speed of rotation is slowed to 0.13 rpm, after which raising the temperature up to 50'C the drum rotation speed is accelerated to 1.0 rpm, then after

13 2625922

  the heating of the garbage up to 54 ° C again slows down the speed of rotation of the biothermal drum to 0.2 rpm and at a temperature of 65 ° C the speed is again raised to 1, 0 rpm. The rotation speed of the biothermal drum is changed for 0.5 seconds when switching from maximum speed to minimum speed and vice versa for 0.2 s. During the composting the direction of the movement of the household waste during the rotation of the biothermal drum was changed 3 times at the maximum speed at the temperature of 50 to 54 ° C. The total time necessary for the composting including the loading is 48 hours. The composted garbage is discharged from the drum. At the same time, the newly arrived garbage is loaded at the rotational speed of the drum at 1.49 rpm. After unloading, the garbage is sent to the screen during which they are separated into compost and non-compostable waste. Compost and non-compostable waste are subjected to secondary electromagnetic separation in the magnetic field at the intensity of 56 kA / m. The separated compost is sent to the consumer as a fertilizer and the

  Non-compostable waste is sent to pyrolysis.

  The technical and economic performance of the

  described method are given in Table 3.

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TABLE 3

  Nc ::: Process: d'or-: -----------------: dre: Technical performances and: reven: realized in the:: economic of the process: diqué: device according to : S ::: the certificate: * ::: of Soviet author: :: :: n 902820: 1: Annual productivity, millet: 36.7: 34:: tons: ::

: - :::

  2: Quantity of compost containing: 1G: nant fractions: ::: less than 20 mm,%: 73: 68:

::::

  3: Content of metallic debris separated by impurities, ::

:%: 2,6: 5:

  1z 4: Garbage content of metal debris,%: 4.1: 4.0:: Garbage content in :: heavy metal debris :::: after separation::: primary,% -: 3.1 : 0.9:

Example 4

  The household waste containing 4.5% of metal debris is fed to the loading belt of a conveyor on which they are subjected to magnetic separation in a magnetic field at the intensity of 30 kA / m. After separation, the metal scrap content is 3.5%. Then, the garbage is conveyed in the biothermal drum 60 m long and 4 m diameter rotating

  during loading at the speed of 1.49 rpm.

  When composting garbage, they

  become hot as a result of the vital activity of micro-

  organisms up to 30'C. After that, the rotational speed is slowed down to 0.1 rpm, and then, after the temperature reaches 40 ° C, the rotational speed of the drum is increased to 1.5 rpm. After

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  the heating of the garbage up to the temperature of 54 C, the speed of rotation of the biothermic drum is slowed down again to 0.3 rpm, and then at the temperature of 70 ° C the speed is raised again up to 2 rpm. The rotation speed of the biothermal drum is changed for 0.3 seconds when switching from the maximum speed to the minimum speed and vice versa for 0.1 s. The total time required

  composting, including loading is 48 hours.

  Subsequently, the composted refuse is discharged by simultaneously loading the newly arrived garbage at the rotational speed of the drum at 1.49 rpm. After unloading, the garbage is sent to the screen during which they are separated into compost and non-compostable waste. Compost and non-compostable waste are subjected to secondary electromagnetic separation in the magnetic field at the intensity of 56 kA / m. The separated compost is sent to the consumer as a fertilizer while the

  Non-compostable waste is sent to pyrolysis.

  The technical and economic performance of 2U

  described method are given in Table 4.

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TABLE 4

  N ::: Process: or- :: -----------------: dre: Technical performance and: return: realized in the:: economic process: diqué: device according to: S: -:: certificate: ::: Soviet author: ::: tick n 902820: 1: Annual productivity,: 34,8: 34:: thousands of tons: :: 2: Quantity of compost Content of fractions: ::: less than 20 mm,%: 71: 68: 3: Content of metallic debris in impurities:

: -%: 2.8: 5:

  1 4: Garbage content in ::: metal scrap,%: 4,5: 4:: Garbage content in ::: heavy metal scrap ::: after separation::: primary,%: 3,5: 0.9: zU2 The invention will be better understood and other purposes, details and advantages thereof will appear better

  in the light of the following explanatory description

  various embodiments of the installation implementing the household waste transformation method, given solely by way of non-limiting example with reference to the attached nonlimiting drawings in which: - Figure 1 shows schematically a garbage processing plant in front view with a tear, according to the invention; - Figure 2 shows a sealing assembly in longitudinal section on an enlarged scale; FIG. 3 is a section along the line

III-III in Figure 1.

  The installation claimed for! a transformation of household waste (Figure 1) comprises, arranged successively, an intake hopper 1, a conveyor 2, connected to an electromagnetic separator 3 and a hopper 4 for the loading of household waste. The hopper 4 is connected to a cylindrical cylindrical drum 5 by means of an opening 6 provided with a lid 7. The lid 7 is fixed immovably with respect to the drum 5 on a support 8 and arranged at a distance from the 9. The drum 5 is rotated by a control 10 in the capacity of which it is possible to use any of the known devices. A cylindrical nozzle 11 is disposed inside the drum 5 (Figure 2), fixed on the cover 7, in communication with its opening 6 and mounted therein with an annular spacing in which is housed a labyrinth seal 12 The nozzle 11 (Figure 1) is made with an opening 13, facing the cavity of the hopper 4 while an annular collector 14 is provided on the drum 5. on the side of the lid 7 to collect garbage flowing drum and form, with the nozzle 11, a reservoir 15 (Figure 3). The tank 15 is provided with the partitions 16 23 which share it in sections intended for the movement of the refuse collected towards the opening 13 of the nozzle 11. The fins 17, 18 are arranged on the inner surface

  drum 5 (Figure 1) in a spiral and intended.

  moving and mixing garbage. fins 18 are arranged at a distance from the end faces of the drum 5 and are made with trapezoidal slots. Plates 19 are disposed between said fins. Metal bars 20 with fluted surface are fixed between the fins 17 without slot on the side of the cover 7 of the drum 5 along a helical line on its wall. The length of the portion carrying the slotted coil fins 18 is from 0.85 to 0.95 times the length of the drum 5 while the plates 19 are mounted on said portion at an angle preferably of 5 'to 30 relative to the generatrix of the drum 5 in the opposite direction to the direction in which the

fins 18.

  Fans 21 with air ducts 22 and injectors 23 are mounted for garbage aeration on the wall of the drum 5 on the outside. Downstream of the drum 5, an unloading device 24 is disposed successively under a segment valve, a conveyor 25 for the composted refuse, 1 a screen 26, a conveyor 27 for the non-compostable waste and a conveyor 28 for the compost, an electromagnetic separator 29 and a compost mill 30. The device operates as follows: 2o From the intake hopper 1, the household waste is conveyed by the conveyor 2 to the electromagnetic separator 3. The electromagnetic treatment is carried out therein in the magnetic field at the intensity of 20 to 40 kA / m. Trash was then extracted only small-weight debris (0.6 to 1% of the total mass of garbage) composing a ballast in composting. Garbage containing up to 4% by mass of heavy debris arrives at the hopper 4 and then through the opening 6 in the lid 7 and the nozzle 11 in the biothermal drum 5 which is rotated at the speed of 1, 49 rpm by the command 10. After the loading of the household waste in the drum 5, the air is blown with the fans 21 through the air ducts 22 and the injectors 23 to ensure the vital activity microorganisms during composting. During the rotation of the drum 5, the helical fins 17 act on the garbage compacting them and making them advance. We continue to load garbage

  until filling of the biothermal drum 5 to 80%.

  In order to eliminate the possibility of the creation at the time of loading supercharged areas ("plugs") and prevent garbage from sliding in the opposite direction, there are provided metal bars 20 whose surface is fluted. The main composting process occurs on the part provided with slotted fin fins and plates 19. The length of this part constituting 0.85 to 0.95 times the length of the biothermal drum 5, the area of the active surface said fins 18 between 1.8 and 3.0 of the cross sectional area of the biothermal drum 5 and their height constituting 0.1 to 0.2 times its diameter are selected experimentally. This choice was made taking into account the conditions of the actual mixing to the minimum degree of overcompaction of the garbage and the creation of the favorable conditions for the vital activity of the

  micro-organisms during composting.

  The plates 19, preferably mounted at the angle of 5 to 30 with respect to the generatrix of the drum 5 in the direction opposite to the direction of the orientation of the fins 18, also contribute to the effective mixing in this case the garbage are set in motion complicated along the length of the biothermal drum 5 through their movement in the opposite direction in the axial and peripheral areas. In addition to the constructive features of the biothermal drum 5, the presence of heavy metal debris in the composting waste contributes to the efficient mixing and

their complementary grinding.

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  It is desirable that composting be performed like any other microbiological process in the drum with minimal heat losses. For this purpose, the plates were mounted so that the ratio between them in the cross section of the drum 5 and its diameter was 0.02 to 0.04, their height being 0.02 to 0.03 of its diameter. diameter. This arrangement of the plates and their parameters make it possible to form a natural coating from the garbage of an optimal thickness. The garbage composting process is conducted by aerating and mixing garbage and rotating the biothermal drum 5 alternately at maximum and minimum speed. Thus, at the beginning of the composting, the new conditions for the newly arrived garbage 1 are created favorable conditions for intensive mixing and grinding by rotating the

  drum at the maximum allowable speed (1 to 5 rpm).

  When the temperature of garbage has reached 25 to 35: C, that is to say, its optimum value for development of mesophilic microorganisms creates favorable conditions for their active reproduction. These conditions are a lower rotational speed of the drum (0.04 to 0.5 rpm) at which colonies of microorganisms

do not deteriorate.

  After the garbage warms up to the maximum temperature of 45 to 50 C which corresponds to the interruption of the vital activity of microorganisms

  mesophilic and at the beginning of the vital activity of micro-

  thermophilic organisms, the speed of rotation of the drum 5 is accelerated to a speed of 1.0 to

5.0 rpm.

  Raising the temperature of garbage up to 52-55 ° C creates favorable conditions for the growth of thermophilic microorganisms. To create more favorable conditions for their growth,

  slows drum rotation speed to 0.04-

  0.5 rpm. During its vital activity, micro-organisms

  thermophilic organisms give off thermal energy which contributes to the decomposition of the organic matter of garbage and to the elevation of the temperature of the garbage up to the value of 600 to 70 C. After the garbage has reached these temperatures, it accelerates the rotational speed of the drum 5 to the value of 1.0 to 50 rpm. The rotation speed of the drum 5 is changed for 0.1 to 0.5 s. Slowing down the speed of rotation to less than 1.0 rpm results in a noticeable change in garbage crushing conditions while the rise above 5.0 rpm results in energy costs. additional without any significant positive influence 1D on the composting process. Slowing the minimum speed below 0.04 rpm results in the weakening of the composting process, and increasing the speed above 0.5 rpm can act oppressively on the process of reproduction of thermophiles and mesophiles. It is advantageous if the rotation speed is changed at least for a period of not less than 0.1 second in order to avoid negative action on the working capacity of the force equipment. inertia and for a duration not exceeding 0.5 s because the longer duration weakens the action of the mixture of forces of inertia on

garbage.

  During composting, it is desirable to change at least once the direction of movement of household refuse during the period of rotation of the biothermal drum 5 to the maximum speed (1 to 5 rpm) thus preventing the compaction of garbage at

  compost and formation of anaerobic areas.

  By rationally changing the rotational speed of the drum according to the conditions of development of microorganisms one contributes to increase of efficiency of composting process and

  improving the quality of the compost.

  During the operation of the drum 5, the

  garbage spills through the joint-labyrinth 12.

  To capture them, there is provided an annular collector 14.

  The garbage falls into the sections formed by partitions of the reservoir 15 of the annular collector 14 and are advanced following the rotation towards the opening of the nozzle 11. Through the opening 13, they reach the hopper 4 and and then return to the drum. 5. In the claimed facility, the dumping of the garbage was completely eliminated, thus improving the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the personnel employed. Unloading the composted garbage from

  drum 5 is at the speed of its rotation 1.49 rpm.

  At the same time, the garbage is loaded into the drum 5. The composted garbage is transported by an unloading device 24 to the screen 26 by the conveyor 25. In the screen 26, the garbage is separated into compost and non-compostable waste. which are conveyed by means of the conveyor 27 to pyrolysis. Using the conveyor 28, the compost is sent to the electromagnetic separator 29 for the secondary separation carried out in the magnetic field at the intensity of 56 kA / m. After the removal of the metal debris, the compost is sent to a mill 30 and

then to a consumer.

  By simultaneously using the claimed process and the installation, it has been possible to make the most of the advantages of the improvements and to increase the productivity of the process up to 38 000 t / year by producing the high quality compost in which the

  amount of fractions less than 20 mm is 75%.

  The choice of a rational shape and the advantageous arrangement of the plates 19 and fins 17, 18, in combination with the change in the speed and the direction of the rotation of the drum 5, makes it possible to substantially intensify the germination process. and developing microorganisms in the trash through grinding and mixing and suppressing the formation of anaerobic stagnant areas supercharged depending on the height and length of the drum 5. In addition, by creating a natural coating by the choice of a rational height and the distance between the plates 19, it is possible to stabilize the thermal regime of

  composting and raising its productivity.

2O

Claims (5)

  1) Method of transforming domestic waste including electromagnetic separation of household waste, composting during mixing and aeration in a biothermal drum and separation S of garbage composted in compost and non-compostable waste, characterized in that the electromagnetic separation of garbage Households are in a magnetic field at an intensity of 20 to 40 kA / m and in that the mixture of household waste during their composting is performed alternately at the maximum speed and at the minimum speed of rotation of the biothermic drum while slowing down. the speed up to the minimum speed after the household waste temperature has reached 25 to 35 C and 52 to 55 C respectively - and increasing the speed up to the maximum speed after the temperature of the household waste has reached   at 50 C and 60 to 70 C respectively.   2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of household waste during composting is done at the speed of rotation of the biothermal drum alternately at the speed of 1.0 to 5.0 rpm and 0.04 at 0.5 rpm and that the change in speed is made during 0.1 to 0.5 seconds.   3) Process according to claims 1 to 2,   characterized in that during composting the direction of movement of household refuse during the period of rotation of the drum is changed at least once   Biothermic at maximum speed.   4) Installation for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising, arranged successively, an electromagnetic separator (3), a hopper (4) for the loading of garbage, a cylindrical biothermal drum (5) provided with a control (10) for its rotation and a cover (7) mounted with a 2625922-   stationary manner with respect to said drum and having an opening (6) for the passage of household garbage lid disposed at a distance from its end face (9), a nozzle (11) being disposed- inside the drum biothermic device (5), fixed on the cover (7), communicated with the opening (6) and mounted in the biothermal drum (5) with a   annular spacing in which is placed a joint-   labyrinth (12), the inner surface of the biothermal drum (5) being provided with fins (17, 18) arranged in a spiral for the movement and mixing of household refuse and made with slots on a part arranged at a distance with respect to the end faces of the biothermal drum (5) and also the plates (19) disposed between the fins 1 (18), the plant also comprising an unloading device (24) and a device for separating composted refuse and non-compostable waste, characterized in that the length of the part provided with the vanes (18) in which the trapezoid-shaped slots are formed constitutes 0.85 to 0.95 times the length of the biothermal drum (5) and that the plates (19) provided on this part are mounted at an angle to the generatrix of the biothermal drum (5) in the opposite direction to the direction of the disposition of said fins (18). relative to the generator, the nozzle (11) being provided with an opening (13) facing the cavity of the hopper (4), and in that an annular manifold (14) is provided on the biothermal drum (5). ) on the side of the lid (7) for the collection of garbage discharged from the drum and forms with the nozzle (11) a reservoir (15) provided with partitions (16) which share this reservoir in sections for the movement of garbage collected to the opening (13) of the nozzle (11).   Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the area of the active surface of the slotted fins (18) is 1.8 to 3.0 times the cross-sectional area of the biothermal drum (5) and   their height is 0.1 to 0.2 times the diameter.   y5 6) Installation according to claims 4, 5,   characterized in that the angle between each of the plates (19) and the generatrix of the biothermal drum is 5 to 5 ° C and that the ratio of the adjacent plates (19) in the cross section of the biothermal drum (5) and its diameter is 0.02 to 0.04, their height being 0.02 to 0.03 times the diameter of the drum biothermic (5).   7) Installation according to claims 4 to 6,   characterized in that metal bars (20), whose surface is grooved, are provided between the fins (1.7) without a slot on the side of the lid (7) of the biothermal drum (5) on its inner surface and are   arranged along the helical line. 2u