FR2620272A1 - Anhydrous compositions and devices for producing the electrolyte of an alkaline battery capable of being initiated and fitted to a maritime weapon - Google Patents

Anhydrous compositions and devices for producing the electrolyte of an alkaline battery capable of being initiated and fitted to a maritime weapon Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2620272A1
FR2620272A1 FR8712235A FR8712235A FR2620272A1 FR 2620272 A1 FR2620272 A1 FR 2620272A1 FR 8712235 A FR8712235 A FR 8712235A FR 8712235 A FR8712235 A FR 8712235A FR 2620272 A1 FR2620272 A1 FR 2620272A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
alkaline
anhydrous
electrolyte
maritime
fitted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR8712235A
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French (fr)
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FR2620272B1 (en
Inventor
Yves Charlot
Georges Adam
Jean-Pierre Planchat
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
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Direction General pour lArmement DGA
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Priority to FR8712235A priority Critical patent/FR2620272B1/en
Publication of FR2620272A1 publication Critical patent/FR2620272A1/en
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Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
    • H01M6/32—Deferred-action cells activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
    • H01M6/34—Immersion cells, e.g. sea-water cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/30—Deferred-action cells
    • H01M6/32—Deferred-action cells activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Anhydrous alkaline compositions intended to produce, with seawater, the electrolyte of an alkaline battery capable of being initiated and fitted to a maritime weapon. A composition according to the invention is made up of a mixture of an alkali metal hydroxide, for example sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and of an anhydrous alkali metal oxide, for example sodium oxide (Na2O). The alkali metal oxide reacts with water to give a high release of heat which permits a very rapid rise in temperature. One application is the construction of dry alkaline batteries fitted to maritime weapons.

Description

L présente invention a pour objet des composi
Lions. anhydres et des dispositifs pour produire ltélec- trolyte d'une pile alcaline amorçable équipant un engin mar i t i me
Le secteur technique de l'invention est celui de la construction des piles alcalines
Les engins maritimes tels que les torpilles ou différents engins sol-mer, air-mer ou terre-mer autopropulsés comportent un propulseur qui est entratnE par un moteur électrique à courant continu alimenté par une pile alcaline, par exemple par une pile comportant un empilage de cathodes en oxyde d'argent et une anode composée d'un métal soluble dans l'électrolyte alcalin, par exemple une anode en aluminium, en lithium ou en un alliage de l'un de ces métaux ou un alliage mixte des deux métaux.The present invention relates to composi
Lions. anhydrous and devices for producing the electrolyte from a bootable alkaline battery fitted to a marine vehicle
The technical sector of the invention is that of the construction of alkaline batteries
Maritime vehicles such as torpedoes or various self-propelled ground-sea, air-sea or land-sea devices comprise a propellant which is driven by a direct current electric motor powered by an alkaline battery, for example by a battery comprising a stack of silver oxide cathodes and an anode composed of a metal soluble in the alkaline electrolyte, for example an anode made of aluminum, lithium or an alloy of one of these metals or a mixed alloy of the two metals.

L'électrolyte liquide de ces piles est une solution alcaline généralement à base de soude ou de potasse. The liquid electrolyte in these batteries is an alkaline solution generally based on soda or potash.

Pendant le stockage des engins, les piles sont sèches et le dispositif d'alimentation des piles en électrolyte liquide comporte un réservoir, séparé du bloc élec trochimique,qul content un hydroxyde alcalin, généralement de la soude ou de la potasse à l'état pulvérulent anhydre et des moyens pour faire entrer l'eau de mer dans ledit réservoir lol-sque l'engin entre dans l'eau, de sorte que l'eau de mer dissout l'hydroxyde en dégageant des ca
lorles qui réchauffent la solution.During the storage of the machines, the batteries are dry and the device for supplying the batteries with liquid electrolyte comprises a reservoir, separate from the electrochemical block, which contains an alkaline hydroxide, generally soda or potash in the powdered state. anhydrous and means for entering seawater into said tank lol-sque the craft enters the water, so that the seawater dissolves the hydroxide giving off ca
lorles which heat the solution.

On salut que les piles alcalines notamment celles qui comportent un couple électrochimique AgO-Al ou
AgO-LI ne fonctionnent bien que dans une plage de tempé
rature bien définie
En général, on fait circuler l'électrolyte dans ces piles suivant un circuit fermé -et une fois la tempé
rature minimale del 'électrolyte atteinte, cette température
se maintien par l'effet de la chaleur dégagée par la réac
tlon électrochimique et elle a meme tendance à crotte, de
sorte que l'on doit refroidir l'électrolyte.It is to be appreciated that alkaline batteries, in particular those which contain an AgO-Al electrochemical couple or
AgO-LI only work well in a temperature range
well defined deletion
In general, the electrolyte is circulated in these batteries in a closed circuit - and once the temperature
minimum temperature of the electrolyte reached, this temperature
is maintained by the effect of the heat given off by the reaction
electrochemical tlon and it even tends to poop,
so that one has to cool the electrolyte.

Toutefois, il est indispendable pour le fonction
nement de ces engins que la pile débite du courant très rspidient après que i 'engin est entré dans l'eau et il est donc nécessaire d'obtenir, lors du remplissage du circuit par l'eau de mer, une montée en température très rapide pour atteindre rapidement une température minimale.However, it is essential for the function
nement of these devices that the cell delivers very rspidient current after the device has entered the water and it is therefore necessary to obtain, when filling the circuit with sea water, a very rapid rise in temperature to quickly reach a minimum temperature.

La chaleur dégagée par la dissolution d'un hydroxyde alcalin n'est pas toujours suffisante pour atteindre ce résultat. The heat given off by the dissolution of an alkaline hydroxide is not always sufficient to achieve this result.

L'objectif de la présente Invention est de procurer un mélange alcalin à l'état anhydre capable de fournir, avec l'eau de mer, un électrolyte alcalin convenant au fonctionnement des piles alcal inesamorçables,par exemple des piles utilisant le couple oxyde d'argent-aluminium ou le souple oxyde d'argent-llthium et tel que l'on obtienne, au contact de l'eau de mer, une réaction exothermique, de telle sorte que la montée en température de la solution soit très rapide. The objective of the present invention is to provide an alkaline mixture in the anhydrous state capable of supplying, with seawater, an alkaline electrolyte suitable for the operation of non-ignitable alkaline batteries, for example batteries using the oxide couple. silver-aluminum or the flexible silver-llthium oxide and such that an exothermic reaction is obtained in contact with sea water, so that the temperature rise of the solution is very rapid.

Cet obJectif est atteint au moyen de compositions alcalines anhydres qui sont composées d'un mélange d'un hydroxyde alcalin anhydre et d'un oxyde alcalin anhydre. This objective is achieved by means of anhydrous alkaline compositions which are composed of a mixture of an anhydrous alkali hydroxide and an anhydrous alkaline oxide.

De préférence, le rapport entre la masse d'oxyde alcalin anhydre et la masse d'hydroxyde alcalin anhydre est compris entre 5 % et 30 t. Selon un mode de réalisa- tlon, la composition est un mélange d'hydroxyde de sodium anhydre et d'oxyde de sodium anhydre. Preferably, the ratio between the mass of anhydrous alkali metal oxide and the mass of anhydrous alkali metal hydroxide is between 5% and 30 t. According to one embodiment, the composition is a mixture of anhydrous sodium hydroxide and anhydrous sodium oxide.

Lorsque l'eau de mer pénètre dans le réservoir contenant la composition anhydre, l'oxyde alcalin réagit avec l'eau en donnant des-lons.métal et OH avec un fort dégagement de chaleur, de sorte que ta température de la solution crott rapidement et l'on obtent une solution alcaline de soude ou de potasse qui constitue l'électrolyte alcalin. When seawater enters the tank containing the anhydrous composition, the alkali metal oxide reacts with the water, yielding metals and OH with a strong release of heat, so that the temperature of the solution crott quickly and an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is obtained which constitutes the alkaline electrolyte.

Pour régler la vitesse de la montée en température à la valeur désirée, on utilise une part plus ou moins tmportante de la quantité totale du mélange sous forme pulvérulente qui est l'état physique dont la vitesse de dissolution est la plus grande.  To adjust the speed of the temperature rise to the desired value, a more or less significant part of the total quantity of the mixture in powder form is used, which is the physical state with the highest dissolution rate.

Claims (4)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Composition alcaline anhydre destinée à former avec lteau de mer un électrolyte pour une pile alcaline amorçable équipant un engin maritime, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est composée d'un mélange d'un hydroxyde alcalin anhydre et d'un oxyde alcalin anhydre.1. Anhydrous alkaline composition intended to form with seawater an electrolyte for a bootable alkaline battery fitted to a maritime vehicle, characterized in that it is composed of a mixture of an anhydrous alkali hydroxide and an anhydrous alkaline oxide. 2. Composition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la masse d'oxyde alcalin anhydre est comprise entre 5% et 30% de la masse d'hydroxyde alcalin.2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass of anhydrous alkali oxide is between 5% and 30% of the mass of alkali hydroxide. 3. Composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est composée d'un mélange d'hydroxyde de sodium anhydre et d'oxyde de sodium anhydre.3. Composition according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is composed of a mixture of anhydrous sodium hydroxide and anhydrous sodium oxide. 4. Dispositif pour produire un électrolyte alcalin liquide et pour faire circuler celui-ci dans une pile alcaline amorçable équipant un engin maritime, lequel dispositif est du type comportant 4. Device for producing a liquid alkaline electrolyte and for circulating it in a bootable alkaline battery fitted to a maritime vehicle, which device is of the type comprising - un bloc électrochimique composé d'un empilage de cathodes à lto- xyde d'argent et d'anodes en aluminium, lithium ou en alliages de ces métaux ; - an electrochemical block composed of a stack of silver oxide cathodes and anodes made of aluminum, lithium or alloys of these metals; - un réservoir contenant des produits alcalins pulvérulents et anhydres pendant le stockage de l'engin  - a tank containing powdery and anhydrous alkaline products during the storage of the machine - et des moyens pour faire entrer l'eau de mer dans ledit réservcir et pour faire circuler la solution alcaline entre ledit réservoir et ledit bloc électrochimique, caractérisé en ce que lesdits produits alcalins sont une composition selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3.  - And means for bringing seawater into said tank and for circulating the alkaline solution between said tank and said electrochemical block, characterized in that said alkaline products are a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .
FR8712235A 1987-09-03 1987-09-03 ANHYDROUS COMPOSITIONS AND DEVICES FOR PRODUCING THE ELECTROLYTE OF A PRIMABLE ALKALINE CELL EQUIPPED WITH A MARINE MACHINE Expired FR2620272B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8712235A FR2620272B1 (en) 1987-09-03 1987-09-03 ANHYDROUS COMPOSITIONS AND DEVICES FOR PRODUCING THE ELECTROLYTE OF A PRIMABLE ALKALINE CELL EQUIPPED WITH A MARINE MACHINE

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8712235A FR2620272B1 (en) 1987-09-03 1987-09-03 ANHYDROUS COMPOSITIONS AND DEVICES FOR PRODUCING THE ELECTROLYTE OF A PRIMABLE ALKALINE CELL EQUIPPED WITH A MARINE MACHINE

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FR2620272A1 true FR2620272A1 (en) 1989-03-10
FR2620272B1 FR2620272B1 (en) 1989-12-15

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6013192A (en) * 1997-01-08 2000-01-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Sodium hydroxide compositions for use in battery systems

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1815508A (en) * 1928-06-02 1931-07-21 Nat Carbon Co Inc Electric cell
US2472376A (en) * 1946-06-11 1949-06-07 William K Kearsley Electric cell of the immersion type
GB856775A (en) * 1957-10-23 1960-12-21 Union Carbide Corp Improvements in and relating to deferred action electric cells
FR1286515A (en) * 1961-04-20 1962-03-02 Yardney International Corp Electrolytic mixture for electrochemical battery
US3368924A (en) * 1966-01-28 1968-02-13 Army Usa Battery with zinc anode coated with alkali metal getter
FR2222760A1 (en) * 1973-03-19 1974-10-18 Honeywell Inc Sea water activated alkaline battery - with zinc anode and nickel oxide cathode

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1815508A (en) * 1928-06-02 1931-07-21 Nat Carbon Co Inc Electric cell
US2472376A (en) * 1946-06-11 1949-06-07 William K Kearsley Electric cell of the immersion type
GB856775A (en) * 1957-10-23 1960-12-21 Union Carbide Corp Improvements in and relating to deferred action electric cells
FR1286515A (en) * 1961-04-20 1962-03-02 Yardney International Corp Electrolytic mixture for electrochemical battery
US3368924A (en) * 1966-01-28 1968-02-13 Army Usa Battery with zinc anode coated with alkali metal getter
FR2222760A1 (en) * 1973-03-19 1974-10-18 Honeywell Inc Sea water activated alkaline battery - with zinc anode and nickel oxide cathode

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6013192A (en) * 1997-01-08 2000-01-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Sodium hydroxide compositions for use in battery systems

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Publication number Publication date
FR2620272B1 (en) 1989-12-15

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