FR2602788A1 - PROCESS FOR MOISTURIZING VEGETABLE OILS - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION CONCERNS THE FOOD INDUSTRY, AND MORE SPECIFICALLY A PROCESS FOR HYDRATION OF VEGETABLE OILS. THE PROCESS CONSISTS OF MIXING A CRUDE VEGETABLE OIL WITH A HYDRATION AGENT WHICH IS WATER OR AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF ELECTROLYTE, OPERATING IN AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ROTATING WITH AN INTENSITY OF 80,000 AM AND A ROTATION FREQUENCY of 1000 A 3000TRMN.

Description

The present invention relates to the food industry, and more

  especially processes for hydrating vegetable oils.

  The hydration of the vegetable oils is necessary to prepare the vegetable oils for subsequent refining operations (neutralization, washing, etc.) and to extract phospholipids which are a valuable product from which a phosphatide concentrate (lecithin) is obtained. ), pro10 final product marketed. The latter is obtained by drying the phospholipids extracted in vegetable oils.

  The hydrated vegetable oils can be used as such as foods or undergo further processing (refining).

  A method of hydrating vegetable oils is known which comprises mixing a crude vegetable oil with a hydrating agent - an aqueous electrolyte solution (aqueous extract of infructescen20 ces of gray alder or black aune) - and to treat

  then the mixture in a continuous magnetic field with an intensity of 68,000 to 100,000 A / m (USSR author's certificate No. 649,740, CllB3 / 00, published in the bulletin #Otkrytia, izobretenia, promychlennyé Obrastsy tovarnyé znaki 'n' 8, 1979).

  There is also known a process for hydrating vegetable oils, which comprises a separate prior treatment of the raw vegetable oil and the hydrating agent - water or an aqueous electrolyte solution - in an electromagnetic field. alternative with an intensity of 120 000 to 200 000 A / m, the speed of admission of the oil being from 0.2 to 1.2 m / s, and that of admission of the water or the solution aqueous solution of electrolyte, from 0.5 to 1.5 m / s, and the multiplicity of the action of the electromagnetic field on the oil being equal to 1 to 3, and that of the action on the water or on the aqueous electrolyte solution being equal to 1 or 2, said treatment being followed by a mixing of the crude vegetable oil with the water or the aqueous electrolyte solution (USSR author's certificate n * 745,923, Cl.C11B3 / 00, published in the bulletin "Qtkrytia, izobretenia, promychlennyé obrastsy,

tovarnyé znaki "No. 25, 1980).

  However, the aforementioned methods have the following disadvantages; they do not make it possible to obtain hydrated oils having a minimum content of phospholipids,

  they require a large consumption of aqueous electrolyte solution with respect to the amount of this strictly necessary for carrying out the hydration process, which is due to the need to carry out an additional chemical polarization of the low polarity of the phospholipids.

  they do not make it possible to obtain concentrates of phosphatides having a high content of phospholipids. The invention proposes to create, in a method of hydration of vegetable oils, conditions for mixing a crude vegetable oil with water or an aqueous electrolyte solution, which make it possible without resorting to additional consumption. electrolyte solution for the chemical polarization of the low polarity phospholipid moieties, to obtain hydrated vegetable oils having a minimum phospholipid content as well as to obtain phosphatide concentrates having a low phospholipid content.

high content of phospholipids.

  This problem is solved with a method of hydrating vegetable oils, comprising mixing a crude vegetable oil with a water hydrating agent or an aqueous electrolyte solution - and treating the crude vegetable oil and of the hydrating agent in an alternating electromagnetic field, in which, according to the invention, a rotating electromagnetic field of an intensity of 80 000 to 240 000 A / m is used as the alternating electromagnetic field. m and a frequency of

  rotation of 1000 to 3000 rpm, the treatment of the crude vegetable oil and the hydrating agent in the rotating electromagnetic field being carried out during their mixing.

  The process according to the invention has the following advantages: it makes it possible to improve the quality of the hydrated vegetable oils by further extraction of the phospholipids in raw vegetable oils; it makes it possible to improve the quality of the phosphatide concentrates obtained by increasing their phospholipid content,

  it makes it possible to reduce the consumption of the aqueous electrolyte solution used for hydration.

  As has been said above, in the method according to the invention, a rotating electromagnetic field with an intensity of 80,000 to 240,000 A / m and a rotation frequency of 1,000 to 3,000 rpm is used. / min. It is not recommended to use a rotating electromagnetic field with an intensity of less than 80 000 A / m and a lower rotation frequency of 1000 rpm, as these parameters do not provide the necessary polarization of the electromagnetic fields. phospholipids with low polarity, hence the impossibility of their more complete extraction in the crude oil, this disadvantage not allowing to obtain a hydrated vegetable oil of

high quality.

  It is not advantageous to use a rotating electromagnetic field with an intensity greater than 240 000 A / m and a rotation frequency greater than 3 000 rpm, since this gives no additional positive effect. resulting in increased energy consumption.

  The method of hydration of the vegetable oils according to the invention can be implemented by

following way.

  A crude vegetable oil, especially sunflower or soybean, is mixed at a temperature of 20 to 70 ° C in a rotating electromagnetic field with a hydrating agent which is water or an aqueous solution of water. electrolyte, especially a 0.3% aqueous solution of sodium chloride or a 0.1% aqueous solution of citric acid. The hydrating agent is used in a proportion of 0.5 to 2.0% of the mass of the crude vegetable oil. The intensity of the rotating electromagnetic field is from 80,000 to 240,000 A / m, and the rotation frequency from 1,000 to 3,000 rpm. The resulting phospholipid precipitate is separated from the hydrated vegetable oil, in particular by settling or wringing. The hydrated vegetable oil is dried to remove moisture or sent for further processing (refining). The separated phospholipid precipitate is dried to obtain a

phosphatide concentrate.

  The quality of the hydrated vegetable oil is judged by the following indices:

  density, phospholipid content, moisture content and

volatile substances.

  Indices indicated are determined according to known techniques, described in the book. "5 techniques of treatment of fats in the laboratory", under the direction of N.S. Arutjunyan, Moscow, Editions "Light Industries and Food", 1983, pp.

13-22 (in Russian).

  The quality of the phosphatide concentrate is evaluated according to the following indices: chromaticity, moisture content and, in oil, phospholipid content acid number of the oil extracted in the

phosphatide concentrate.

  These indices are determined according to the known techniques described in the aforementioned work,

pp. 32-36.

  The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following nonlimiting examples of its implementation.

EXAMPLE 1

  A crude sunflower oil with an acid number of 2.59 mg KOH and a phospholipid content of 0.67% is mixed at a temperature of 50 ° C with water used in the proportion of 1.5% of the mass of the oil in a rotating electromagnetic field of 80 000 A / m

  a rotation frequency of 1000 rpm. The resulting phospholipid precipitate is separated by decantation from the hydrated vegetable oil. The hydrated oil is dried at 90 ° C, and the separated phospholipid precipitate is dried at 70 ° C.

  Drying of the phospholipid precipitate provides a

phosphatide concentrate.

  A crude sunflower oil, having one raw sunflower oil, having an indi-

  this acidity of 2.59 mg of KOH and a content of phospholipids of 0.67%, is mixed, at the temperature of 20C, with a 0.3% aqueous solution of sodium chloride, used in the proportion of 1.0% of the oil mass, operating in a rotating electromagnetic field with an intensity of 160 000 A / m and a rotation frequency of 3000 rpm. The resulting phospholipid precipitate is separated by wringing off the hydrated oil. The latter is dried at a temperature of 95.degree. C., and the precipitate of phospholipids

separated is dried at 75 ° C.

EXAMPLE 3

  A crude sunflower oil having an acid number of 3.05 mg of KOH and a phospholipid content of 0.80% is mixed at a temperature of C with a 0.5% aqueous solution of chloride. of sodium, used in the proportion of 0.5% of the mass of the oil, operating in a rotating electromagnetic field of an intensity of 240 000 A / m and a rotational frequency of 1500 rpm. min. The resulting phospholipid precipitate is separated by decantation from the hydrated vegetable oil. The latter is dried at 90 ° C, and the separated phospholipid precipitate is dried at 80 ° C. EXAMPLE 4 A crude soybean oil, having an acid number of 3.75 mg KOH and a phospholipid content of 1.74%, is mixed at a temperature of 70 ° C with a 1% aqueous solution. % of sodium chloride, used in the proportion of 1.5% of the mass of the oil, operating in a rotating electromagnetic field of an intensity of 240 000 A / m and a rotation frequency of 3 000 rpm. The resulting phospholipid precipitate is separated by wringing the hydrated vegetable oil. The latter is dried at a temperature of 90 ° C., and the precipitate

  phospholipids are dried at 80 ° C.

EXAMPLE 5

  A crude soybean oil, having an acid number of 3.75 mg KOH and a phospholipid content of 1.74%, is mixed at a temperature of 50 ° C. with an aqueous electrolyte solution (of which the composition is given further), used in the proportion of 0.8% of the oil mass, operating in a rotating electromagnetic field with an intensity of 80 000 A / m and a rotation frequency 3000 rpm. The aqueous electrolyte solution consists of citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium chloride and water, the weight ratio of the components being 3.5: 1.5: 1.75: 500 respectively . The resulting phospholipid precipitate is separated by wringing the hydrated vegetable oil. The latter is dried at a temperature of 95 ° C., and the precipitate

  phospholipids are dried at 90.degree.

EXAMPLE 6

  A crude soybean oil, having an acid number of 1.85 mg KOH and a phospholipid content of 2.50%, is mixed at a temperature of C with a 0.1% aqueous solution. citric acid, used in the proportion of 1.5% of the oil mass, operating in a rotating electromagnetic field with an intensity of 160 000 A / m and a rotational frequency of 1500 r / min. The resulting phospholipid precipitate is separated by decantation from the hydrated vegetable oil. The latter is dried at a temperature of 90 ° C., and the precipitate of

phospholipids is dried at 85C.

EXAMPLE-7

  A crude soybean oil, having an acid number of 1.85 mg KOH and a phospholipid content of 2.50%, is mixed at a temperature of 70C with a 0.5% aqueous solution. citric acid, used in the proportion of 2.0% of the oil mass, operating in a rotating electromagnetic field with an intensity of 240 000 A / m and a rotational frequency of 1000 rpm min. The resulting phospholipid precipitate is squeezed out of the hydrated vegetable oil. The latter is dried at a temperature of 95.degree.

  Phospholipid precipitate is dried at 85 ° C.

  EXAMPLE 8 (for comparison) According to USSR 745,923, a crude sunflower oil having an acid number of 2.59 mg KOH and a phospholipid content of 0.67% is treated, a single In an alternating electromagnetic field with an intensity of 160,000 A / m, the flow velocity of the oil is 1.0 m / s. The water is treated twice in an alternating electromagnetic field with an intensity of 200 000 A / m the water flow rate being 1.0 m / s. At the end of the treatment, the crude oil is mixed at 50 ° C. with water

  used in the proportion of 2% of the mass of the oil. The resulting phospholipid precipitate is separated by wringing the hydrated vegetable oil.

  The latter is dried at a temperature of 95.degree. C., and the phospholipid precipitate is dried at 70.degree.

EEP 9 (for comparison).

  According to USSR Certificate No. 745,923, a crude soybean oil having an acid value of 3.75 mg KOH and a phosphorus content of

  lipids of 1.74, is treated three times in an alternating electromagnetic field with an intensity of 200 000 A / m, the flow velocity of the oil being 0.5 m / s. A 1% aqueous solution of sodium chloride is treated, once, in an alternating electromagnetic field with an intensity of 200,000 A / m, the flow velocity of the solution being 1 m / s. At the end of the treatment, the crude oil is mixed, at 70 ° C., with the 1% aqueous solution of sodium chloride, used in the proportion of

  1.5% of the mass of the oil. The resulting phospholipid precipitate is separated by decantation from the hydrated vegetable oil. The latter is dried at a temperature of 90 ° C., and the precipitate of phospholipids is dried at 80 ° C.

  The data relating to the realization of the hydration process according to the procedures of the

  Examples 1 to 9 are presented in the following table.

BOARD

  Characteristics of Hydrated Oil

example

  Index Pholipid Moisture Content Content,% mg KOH and Volatiles,%

1 2 3 4

1 2.15 0.08 0.03

2 1.95 0.08 nil

3.48 0.07 0.05

7 8comparative 9comparative

2.61 2.52 0.53 0.60 2.39 3.02

0.07 0.05

0.08 nil

0.07 0.03

0.07 0.05

0.12 0.09

0.10 0.12

Continuation of Table 1 0 N of

1 example

  Quality characteristics of the phosphatide concentrate Chromaticity mg of iodine content of moisture content%% content of phospholipids acid number of the oil extracted from the phosphatide concentrate, mg of KOH

1 5 6 7 8 9

  8.0 6.5 8.5 9.0 7.0 8.0 8.5 9.5 10.5

  37.50 35.17 34.42 34.95 32.08 33.42 33.87 40.85 38.41

0.82 0.70 0.75 0.72 0.60 0.68 0.70

1, 00 0.95

  61.45 63.28 64.05 63.48 66.70 65.40 65.15 58.05 60.45

12.5

, 0 11.0 12.5

, 0 11.0 11.5 14.7 15.3

Note: in.

  Examples 1, 2 and 8 used a crude sunflower oil with identical characteristics, and in Examples 4, 5 and 9 an oil

  raw soybean with identical characteristics.

  The results summarized in the table show that the hydrated vegetable oils obtained by the process according to the invention (examples 1 to 7) have better characteristics than the hydrated vegetable oils obtained according to the USSR author's certificate No. 745,923. (Examples 8 and 9). Thus, the phospholipid content and the acid number of the hydrated vegetable oils obtained by the process according to the invention are lower than those of hydrated vegetable oils obtained according to the USSR certificate of auter.

No. 745,923.

  The phosphatide concentrates obtained by the process according to the invention (Examples 1 to 7) are also of better quality than the phosphatide concentrates obtained according to the USSR author's certificate No. 745,923 (Examples 8 and 9). Thus, the concentrates of phosphatides obtained by the following process

  The invention has a lower acid number, chromaticity and oil content, and a higher phospholipid content than phosphatide concentrates obtained according to USSR Ser. Certificate No. 745,923.

  In addition, the process according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the consumption of aqueous electrolyte solution used for hydration (cf.

examples 3 and 5).

Claims (1)

CLAIM   A process for hydrating vegetable oils, comprising mixing the crude vegetable oil with a hydrating agent, which is water or an aqueous electrolyte solution, and treating the crude vegetable oil and the hydration agent in an alternating electromagnetic field, characterized in that as an alternating electromagnetic field a rotating electromagnetic field of an intensity of 80,000 to 240,000 A / m and a frequency of rotation from 1000 to 3000 rpm and in that the treatment of the raw vegetable oil and the hydrating agent in the rotating electromagnetic field   is performed during their mixing.