FR2601710A1 - Construction element whose external surface essentially consists of fittings in the shape of a hyperbolic paraboloid - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction element which is especially designed to be assembled to construction elements of the same module 13 in two perpendicular directions or three trirectangular directions. For this purpose, the element comprises fittings 3 in the shape of a hyperbolic paraboloid, according to which fittings the assemblies are carried out. The device according to the invention, which is especially intended for carrying out assemblies, applies mainly to the building industry and to public works, but can also be used for numerous other applications, in particular construction sets.

Description

CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT OF WHICH THE OUTER SURFACE IS
CONSTITUTED IN ESSENTIAL BY SOCKETS IN THE FORM OF
PARABOLOIDE HYPERBOLIUE
The present invention relates to a building element intended to quickly realize assemblies, as well as assemblies using all or part of this building element.

 The technical field to which the invention relates is essentially that of building and public works. However, the invention can be used in many other fields, in particular that of construction toys.

Traditionally, assemblies are made in various ways
- mortar
- concrete
- reinforced concrete
- concrete blocks assembled together using mortar
- prefabricated elements of complex shape assembled together using
mortar or other products
- tenons and mortises
- installation
- tongue and groove
- tab and fork
- interlocking
- dovetail
- screw
- nuts
- bolts
- fittings
- flanges
- rings
- rings
- studs
- elastic fasteners
- rivets
- eyelets
- crimp rings and sleeves
- pins
- keys and grooves
- pegs
- nails
- buttoning
- lugs
- clips
- terminals
- staples
- necklaces
- collage
- welding
- soldering
- expansion
- crimping
- construction element assembling to an identical element in one or
two preferential directions
Each of the assembly methods listed above often has one or more of the following disadvantages
- the functional part of the component is distinct from the parts of the component
used to assemble it with other components: this results in a
adaptation of the component to be assembled to the assembly method chosen in this way
that a wide variety of different types of components needed to
the completion of a specific work.

 - use of tools and special means.

- use of additional products to carry out the assembly, such as
mortar, two-component resin, glue, etc.

- preparation of these additional products (and most often immediately
before the relevant assembly operations).

 - implementation of specialized techniques (for example: welding).

- energy expenditure (electricity, compressed air, fuel, etc.) for
prepare the ancillary products or carry out the assembly.

 - lineage operations.

- additional operations to allow the execution of the assembly such as
formwork and formwork for concrete structures.

 - long duration of assembly operations.

- significant downtime during which assembly operations must
may be interrupted while the work, in an intermediate stage;
did not reach sufficient strength to allow pursuit
assembly operations (drying operations, hardening by
example).

- alteration of the geometric or mechanical characteristics of the products
assembled due to the assembly method used (withdrawals or con
residual traces following welding operations for example).

- limitation of the scope of the planned assembly procedure
due to technical constraints resulting from its implementation or from
made of its cost, which leads to multiply the number of techniques
assembly implemented for the realization of a specific work,
even when modular elements are used.

The present invention provides a technical solution to remedy these drawbacks. Its technical and economic objectives are as follows
- develop construction elements specially designed for
assembly operations (the functional part of the component is not
distinguishing little or no from those used for assemblies).

- allow any construction element to assemble with an element
of identical construction or of the same family.

- in a family of building elements compatible with each other,
limit the number of different types of building elements.

- ensure that any new construction element brought to the
glass in progress can be assembled with the largest
possible number of construction elements already in place, in order to
obtain the possible stiffness for the final work, if this
is desired.

- ensure effective locking of construction elements after
assembly.

- correctly transmit the forces to which the assembly is subjected
without causing excessive concentrations of mechanical stress
due to the form of assembly.

 - make the assembly operation simple.

 - make the assembly operation quick.

- avoid as far as possible alterations to the geometrical characteristics
triques of the work that may result from the assembly procedure.

- avoid as much as possible the use of ancillary products for realizing
tighten the assembly.

- save as much as possible the energy used for the realization
tion of assemblies.

- eliminate as much as possible the use of special tools for
the realization of assemblies.

- eliminate as much as possible the use of special techniques
specific procedures or procedures for carrying out the assemblies.

- eliminate as much as possible the dead times between two suc operations
assembly stops.

- delete as much as possible the operations annexed to the realization of
assembly.

 - delete the lineage operations as much as possible.

- limit the number of different assembly techniques necessary to
the realization of a work.

 Depending on the use made of it, the construction element according to the invention makes it possible to achieve these objectives in whole or in part. These advantages result from the general properties of the building element according to the invention, as set out in the present description.

This description refers to the appended drawings, given solely by way of illustration of the invention, and on which
- Figure 1 shows in perspective an example of a construction element
tion according to the preferred design,
- Figure 2 shows in perspective certain details of the element of
construction according to preferred design and not appearing
in Figure 1,
- Figure 3 shows in perspective two construction elements
according to the preferred design, of the same module, and assembled according to
a common socket in the form of a hyperbolic paraboloid,
- Figure 4 shows in perspective three construction elements
according to the preferred design, of the same module, and assembled two to
two following common sockets,
- Figure 5 shows in perspective several construction elements
according to the preferred design, of the same module, and assembled two to
two following common sockets,
- Figure 6 shows in perspective an example of a construction element
tion derived from the preferential design.

According to a preferred design, the building element according to the invention, the principle of which is the object of FIG. 1, is characterized by
- vertices (1) which are defined in a system of axes trirectangu
areas ox, oy, oz, as belonging to the family of points whose
coordinates are
xt na
not
yn + a cos n2
2
z = + a sin
n - 2
n being any zero or positive variable integer,
a having any fixed value.

- edges (2), line segments connecting the vertices (1) of rank n (x, y zn) to the vertices (1) of rank n + l (xn + i, 5'n + 1 'Zon + 1 All the
edges (2) are equal to each other. Their common length is from a 4
- faces (3) portions of hyperbolic paraboloid, each face (3)
being defined by the hyperbolic parabolold passing through four edges
(2) consecutive forming a left quadrilateral closed and delimited by
these four edges (2). Two distinct edges (2) having a vertex (1)
common and delimiting the same face (3) make an angle of two between them
arcsin (1 / either about 70.50 or about 78.4 grade. All
faces (3) are equal except for the half faces (4) of the ends.
(3) or half-faces (4), are the sockets used to assemble
between them construction elements according to the invention.

- the planes perpendicular to the axis of symmetry (5) (the ox axis) and passing
by the vertices (1) which cut the faces (3) according to para arcs
transverse boles (6) all equal.

- the two planes passing through the axis of symmetry (5) of the element of cons
truction and vertices (1) which cut the faces (3) along arcs
longitudinal parabolas (7) equal to the transverse parabola arcs
(6). These same two planes cut the half-faces (4) along arcs of
satellite dish (8).

- each face (3) which has a center (9), intersection of the parabolic arcs
(6) and (7) of the face concerned. Any face (3) has an axis of symmetry
(10) which is perpendicular to the axis of symmetry (5) of the element
construction passing through its center (9).

- two flat end faces (11), each delimited by arcs
of transverse parabola (6) provide the junction between the half-faces
(4).

- the interior volume or the construction element (12) considered, which is
delimited by the set of faces (3), half-faces (4) and faces
end planes (11).

- the volume (12) which is characterized by its "modules' (13) (the value a
mentioned above), i.e. half the distance between two vertices
(1) opposite-on the same side (3). It is also characterized by the distance
between the two flat end faces, called the length (14), which is
an integer multiple (greater than or equal to 1) of the module (13) (on the figu
re 1, given only for illustration, this multiple is equal to 6).

This multiple can be arbitrary. When it is equal to 1, the volume (12)
does not have faces (3) but only half-faces (4).

 Figure 2 shows examples of rectilinear generators (15) belonging to the faces (3), to the half-faces (4) and limited to the edges (2) or to the transverse parabola arcs (6).

According to the preferred design, the building element according to the invention has the following general properties
- two construction elements - (16) and (17), of the same module (13), each
of length (14) greater than or equal to 2 modules (13) (see Figure 3),
can be assembled in a socket which is a common face (3) ca
characterized by vertices (1), edges (2), center (9) and axis
symmetry (10) of the common face (3), all combined. The axes of sy
metry (5) of the two construction elements (16) and (17) are perpendicular
between them and the distance (19) between their axes of symmetry (5)
is equal to the module (13).

- the shape of the hyperbolic paraboloid on the common face (3) contributes to
locking of the two construction elements (16) and (17).

- the efforts to which any of the two elements of
construction (16) or (17) can be transmitted to each other through the inter
medial of the face (3) ensuring contact between the two elements of
construction (16) and (17), the form of hyperbolic parabolode of this
face (3) not being a cause of abnormal increase in stresses
mechanical resulting from the transmitted force.

- any pair of two construction elements (16) and (17) each of
length (14) greater than or equal to 3 modules (13) already assembled between
them, can be assembled in the same way as a third element of cons
truction (18) of the same module (13) and of length (14) greater or
equal to 3 modules (13) (see Figure 4). The axis of symmetry (5) of this
third building element (18) is perpendicular to each of the
axes of symmetry (5) of the two other construction elements (16) and
(17). Each of the pairs of building elements (18) and (16) of a
part and (18) and (17) on the other hand, has the same properties as
pair (16) and (17).

It follows from the foregoing properties that construction elements of the same module (13) can be the subject of multiple combinations in two perpendicular directions or - three trirectangular directions, making it possible to carry out various assemblies characterized by the use (in whole or in part) of construction elements according to the invention, of the same module (13). See Figure 5 for an example.
It can also be envisaged to combine assemblies produced as indicated above without the module (13) common to each individual assembly being necessarily the same for the overall combination produced from these individual assemblies.

 These general properties, which result from the design of the construction element according to the invention, characterize the results expected from the general inventive concept relating to the construction element according to the invention.

 The invention also covers the design variants made to the construction element according to the preferred design and which do not call into question these general properties. Most often (see FIG. 6), these variants are characterized by connections (24) between the sockets (20), these sockets (20) ensuring that the assemblies comply with the general properties of the general inventive concept, while the connections (24 ) are characterized by the fact that they do not prevent these sockets (20) from satisfying the general properties of the general inventive concept while connecting them together.

Among the possibilities of variants, there may be mentioned as examples
- limit the external surface of the building element to one or more
any planes intersecting this exterior surface, which can pass
or not by the axis of symmetry (5) of the construction element, so
re to ensure, for example, a laying plane or make the surface flat
exterior of the assembly carried out; the plan (s) can also be
replaced by any surfaces.

- connect the external surface to non-intersecting planes by plans
passing through the edges in order to obtain a laying plan or render
planes the exterior surface of the assembly produced. The plan (s)
can also be replaced by any surfaces.

- the fact that the building element can be hollow, partially
hollow, have orifices connected or not connected together, these orifices
opening or not opening on the faces (3), the half-faces (4) or
the flat end faces (11).

- rounded off vertices (1), edges (2), transverse parabola arcs
buckets (6) delimiting the flat end faces (11) or other faces
flat or shaped defining the building element.

Ultimately, a construction element derives (see FIG. 6) from a reference construction element according to the preferred design is characterized by
- a rectilinear axis (5), which is not necessarily an axis of symmetry,
- its module (13),
- sockets (20) in the form of hyperbolic paraboloid of the same shape
that the sockets (3) or (4) of the reference construction element,
and therefore of the same axis (10), and arranged in the same way as
on the reference building element, which can be limited to their
periphery by lines (21) other than the edges (2) or the arcs
dish (6), which may also have lines (22), ends
internal orifices (23), the number of sockets (20) being lower
or equal to the number of sockets (3) or (4) of the construction element
reference but not zero, may also include connections
(24) between sockets (20). So any changes to
the reference building element does not prevent the assembly
consisting of a derivative building element - assembled to another element
construction ment (reference or derivative), of the same module (13), its
satisfies all of the following properties
the two construction elements have a common socket (20) of which
the axes (10) are combined,
the two construction elements have their axes (5) perpendicular,
the distance (19) between these two axes is equal to the module (13).

 It is therefore possible, in an assembly made up of construction elements according to the preferred design, to replace one or more reference construction elements by derived construction elements, each derived construction element having the same module (13) as the 'reference construction element which it replaces and assembling in whole or in part to the construction elements to which the reference construction element was assembled before replacement.

The building element according to the invention is advantageously produced by molding a concrete, of a composition suitable (as far as cement, aggregates or additives) is concerned, for manufacture by molding as in the intended use, introduced in a metal mold, centrifuged, steamed, demolded and dried for the time necessary for the concrete to obtain the mechanical characteristics required for the intended application. Depending on the intended use, the construction element according to the invention can also be produced by one of the following methods
- reinforced concrete molding,
- mortar molding,
- light concrete molding,
- carbon fiber concrete molding,
- fiberglass concrete molding,
- rigid plastic molding,
- flexible plastic molding,
- molding in insulating material,
- machining of any solid material, the tool according to the generators (15)
hyperbolic dishes or following intersec dishes
tions of the faces (3) or half-faces (4) by planes perpendicular to
the axis (5),
- shaping (by stamping, molding, thermopastic deformation) of
sheets or plates (internally reinforced or not, reinforcements are made
preferentially along the generators (15), to obtain
faces (3) or half-faces (4) connected together by welding, by
stapling, by rivets, by eyelets or by screws and nuts,
- production of a lattice assembled by welding or bolts and screws,
elements of the trellis being rectilinear and matching the generators (15)
hyperbolic dishes, or marrying the inter dishes
section of faces (3) and half-faces (4) with perpendicular planes
laires to the axis (5),
- weaving in resistant thread substantially matching the generatrices (15) of
hyperbolic dishes, the wire (can be wound on a support
interior of low rigidity possibly ensuring an iso function
lant thermal) being embedded in a resin matrix to obtain a
reinforced plastic.

The construction elements according to the invention can be used to make - pillars, - beams, - lintels, - frameworks, - frames, - two or three-dimensional structures, - walls, - floors, slabs, - individual or collective dwellings, - buildings for industrial or commercial use, - thermal insulation of dwellings and buildings, - engineering structures (bridges, tunnels, dikes, dams, etc.), - public works, - offshore works, - parts of ships, aircraft, motor vehicles, ferro
or space, - containers, - tanks, - furniture, - fixing devices, - grids, barriers, gratings, filters, - closing devices, - permanent forms remaining in place after casting of the material of
filling, - scaffolding, - couplings, - toys, - construction sets, - scale models, - works of art.

Claims (4)

1. Building element for making assemblies, characterized by  - vertices (1) which are defined in a system of trirectangular axes  res ox, oy, oz as belonging to the family of points whose coordinates  are:  Xn = na, the x-axis coinciding with the element's axis of symmetry (5)  of construction

 a having any fixed value and called the module (13).  n being a variable integer, arbitrary, zero or positive,  gueur (14) is equal to a module (13).  the building element does not have faces (3) when the length  any, greater than or equal to 1 of the module (13), it being understood that  end planes (11), called length (14), being an integer multiple,  vertex (1) defining this end, the distance between the two faces  the axis of symmetry (5) of the building element and passing through the  corresponding end plane (11) which is a plane perpendicular to  the transverse parabola (6) which is its intersection with the face  so that the faces (3) except that each half-face (4) is limited by  except the half-faces (4) at the ends which are defined in the same way  these four edges (2), all the faces (3) being equal to each other,  (2) consecutive forming a left quadrilateral closed and delimited by  being defined by the hyperbolic parabolofde passing through four edges - edges (2), line segments connecting the vertices (1) of rank n (xn, yn, Zn) to the vertices (1) of rank n + l (x +1 Yn + ls Zn + l) '- des faces (3), portions of hyperbolic paraboloid, each face (3)  (12).  faces (4) and flat end faces (11) and including a volume  - an external surface delimited by the set of faces (3), half  distance (19) between these two axes of symmetry (5) being equal to the module (13).  have their axes of symmetry (5) perpendicular, not concurrent, the  (13), assembled in a socket made up of a common face (3)  (13), each having a length (14) greater than or equal to 2 modules  - the fact that two construction elements (16) and (17) of the same module  module (13).  axes (5), the distance (19) between two axes of symmetry (5) being equal to  construction elements being perpendicular to each of the other two  municipality consisting of a face (3), the axis of symmetry (5) of each of the  modules (13), can be assembled two by two according to a socket  module (13), each having a length (14) greater than or equal to 3  - the fact that three construction elements (16), (17) and (18) likewise 2. Element according to claim 1 characterized in that the axis (5) can not  not be symmetrical, that it includes internal orifices (23) and qutas-  seemed to an element of the same type, the sockets are common, the axes  (5) perpendiculars separated by a distance (19) equal to a module (13). 3. Element according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the axis (5) can  not be symmetrical, that it includes connections (24) and that as  seemed to an element of the same type, the sockets are common, the axes  (5) perpendiculars separated by a distance (19) equal to a module (13). 4. Set consisting of any number of elements as defined according to  any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it extends  in two perpendicular directions or three trirectangu directions  laires, these elements being assembled together according to sockets com  munes, the faces (3) portions of hyperbolic paraboloid, and by the fact  that any basic element as defined in claim 1 can be  replaced by a derived element, of the same module, as defined by re  vendication 2 or by claim 3.