FR2599140A1 - Automatic apparatus for geographical positioning - Google Patents

Automatic apparatus for geographical positioning Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2599140A1
FR2599140A1 FR8505845A FR8505845A FR2599140A1 FR 2599140 A1 FR2599140 A1 FR 2599140A1 FR 8505845 A FR8505845 A FR 8505845A FR 8505845 A FR8505845 A FR 8505845A FR 2599140 A1 FR2599140 A1 FR 2599140A1
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France
Prior art keywords
sun
visible
printer
boat
magnetic north
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FR8505845A
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French (fr)
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to FR8505845A priority Critical patent/FR2599140A1/en
Publication of FR2599140A1 publication Critical patent/FR2599140A1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/02Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means
    • G01C21/025Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by astronomical means with the use of startrackers

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Time Recorders, Dirve Recorders, Access Control (AREA)

Abstract

The apparatus makes it possible automatically to trace the path followed by a boat at sea, without human intervention and throughout the whole day if the sun is visible, or even faintly visible. A sighting apparatus measures, at each instant, the position of the sun with respect to a horizontal line of the measuring location as well as the direction of magnetic North. These two items of information are processed by a microprocessor which adapts them to GMT and the variation of magnetic North, before transmitting them to a printer which marks the successive positions on a maritime chart.

Description

APPAREIL AUTOMATIQUE DE POSITIONNENENT GEOGRAPHIQUE.  AUTOMATIC GEOGRAPHICAL POSITIONING APPARATUS.

L' appreil permet à un navigateur de visualiser sur une carte maritime, la route qu'il suit, grace i une imprimante qui trace les po sitions successives qu'un détecteur extérieur à la cabine mesure. The device allows a navigator to visualize on a maritime map, the route he is following, thanks to a printer which traces the successive positions that a detector outside the cabin measures.

L' appareil se compose de trois parties /
Un appareil de detection de la position, appelè/ viseur, placé au soleil, qui mesure deux angles/ - l'angle , entre le soleil, le bateau, et la verticale ou 1' horizontale lt angle ss entre le nord magnétique, le bateau, et le pied de la verticale abaissée du soleil à la terre
Un microprocesseur qui compare ces angles à une série de valeurs pré enregistrées telles que : position du soleil à la date et à l'heure de la mesure, telles que : Position du nord magetique à la date du jour concerné . Ces correspondances etant effectuées, le microproces seur envoit les coordonnèes de la position trouvèe à l'imprimante
Une imprimante qui trace à chaque relevè un nouveau point sur une carte , relié par un trait au dernier point tracè.Ce qui donne un zig-zag imprimé, l'axe de ce zig-zag étant une approche correcte de la route suivie par le bateau.
The device consists of three parts /
A position detection device, called / viewfinder, placed in the sun, which measures two angles / - the angle, between the sun, the boat, and the vertical or the horizontal and the angle between magnetic north, the boat , and the foot of the vertical lowered from the sun to the earth
A microprocessor which compares these angles to a series of pre-recorded values such as: position of the sun at the date and time of the measurement, such as: Position of magical north at the date of the day concerned. These correspondences being carried out, the microprocessor sends the coordinates of the position found to the printer
A printer which draws a new point on each map on each map, linked by a line to the last drawn point. This gives a printed zig-zag, the axis of this zig-zag being a correct approach to the route followed by the boat.

Le viseur est un appareil qui possède un socle ayant deux prepriétès importantes: Ce socle est une demi-sphère assez lourde qui flotte sur un bain de mercure par exemple, lequel est contenu dans une sphère translucide et lègèrement plus grosse que le socle. Il en résulte que la surface plane de la demi-sphère reste horizontale quèls que soient les mouvements du bateau de plus, une zone du socle est magnètisée comme un aimant de façon à ltorienter toujours suivant un axe Nord-Sud
La suface du socle est donc toujours horizontale et orientée vers le nord magnètique de la terre.Cette surface supporte un viseur articulé suivant deux axes perpendiculaires: une rotation dans le plan vertu 1 et une dans le plan horizontal, et celà , grâce à dieux moteurs pas à pas, à reducteurs permettad des rotations de 1800 .Ce viseur ainsi articulé peut se diriger vers tout point d'une sphère imaginaire qui compléterait le socle; cette demi-sphère imaginaire est en fait le ciel jusqutà l'horizon de tous cotès, dans lequel se trouve , en principe le soleil.Ce viseur est composè de cinq tubes munis de lentilles optiques qui provoquent des rayons lumineux tres fins et convergents vers cinq cellules photoélectriques, chacune d'elles dèlivrant un courant électrique proportionnel à l'intensité lumineuse reçue. Ces cinq tubes sont rèpar tis comme suit: un au centre , deux de part et d'autre dans le plan de rotation horizontal, deux de part et d'autre dans le ilan de rotation vertical.Les moteurs reçoivent du processeur des ordres de rota -tion pour se diriger vers celles des cellules latèrales qui reçoivent plus de lumière que la cellule centrale; ce processus dure donc tant que la cellule centrale ne vise pas le soleil. on prèvoit également que les quatre cellules latèrales font un léger angle de divergence avec la cellule centrale de sorte que lorsque l'on est bien centré sur le soleil avec la cellule centrale, les tubes latéraux visent un peu à l'extérieur du soleil pour que la difference d'intensité électrique soit bien nette.A ce moment-là, le microprocesseur constate que c'est la cellule centrale la plus illuminée, il ne donne pas tordre de rotation, par contre, il enregistre les valeurs des angles délivrés par les moteurs pas à pas, et , apres corrections, il transmet à l'imprimante les positions à afficher.
The viewfinder is a device which has a base having two important prepriets: This base is a fairly heavy half-sphere which floats on a mercury bath for example, which is contained in a translucent sphere and slightly larger than the base. As a result, the flat surface of the hemisphere remains horizontal, whatever the movements of the boat, an area of the base is magnetized like a magnet so as to always orient it along a North-South axis.
The surface of the base is therefore always horizontal and oriented towards the magnetic north of the earth. This surface supports a viewfinder articulated along two perpendicular axes: a rotation in the virtue 1 plane and one in the horizontal plane, and this, thanks to the driving gods step by step, with reducers allowing rotations of 1800. This viewfinder thus articulated can point towards any point of an imaginary sphere which would complete the base; this imaginary half-sphere is in fact the sky up to the horizon on all sides, in which is, in principle the sun. This viewfinder is composed of five tubes fitted with optical lenses which cause very fine rays of light converging towards five photoelectric cells, each of them delivering an electric current proportional to the light intensity received. These five tubes are distributed as follows: one in the center, two on either side in the horizontal plane of rotation, two on each side in the vertical rotation ilan. The motors receive orders from the processor of rota -tion to move towards those of the lateral cells which receive more light than the central cell; this process therefore lasts as long as the central cell does not aim at the sun. we also foresee that the four lateral cells make a slight angle of divergence with the central cell so that when one is well centered on the sun with the central cell, the lateral tubes aim a little outside the sun so that the difference in electrical intensity is clear. At this point, the microprocessor finds that it is the most illuminated central cell, it does not give a twist, however, it records the values of the angles delivered by the stepper motors, and, after corrections, it transmits to the printer the positions to be displayed.

te microprocesseur est d'un type classique, mais programmè pour faire le travail dècrit. On pourra lui indiquer d'avance toutes les positions du soleil en fonction de l'heure GMT qu'il devra connaitre en permanence grace à une horloge interne ( on prevoira une possibilite de remise à ltheure) .Il conviendra aussi quil ait en mémoire toutes les positions du nord magnètique en fonction de la date: ces positions sont donnèes @ à l'annèe l'année , done , soit on mémorise pour plusieurs années ,soit soit on réactualise tous les ans.The microprocessor is of a conventional type, but programmed to do the work described. We can indicate to him in advance all the positions of the sun according to the GMT time that he will have to know permanently thanks to an internal clock (we will provide a possibility of resetting the time). It will also be necessary that he has in memory all positions of magnetic north as a function of date: these positions are given @ at the year the year, done, either we memorize for several years, or either we update every year.

L'imprimante est aussi d'un type classique. La trace obtenue ètant un zig-zag autour d'une position moyenne( les erreure etant dûes à l'inertie du socle et aux accélèrations subies par le bateau en toutes directions) , l'erreur sera d'autant plus grande que le solleil est loin .Ainsi , le zig-zag sera-t-il plus large les matins et les soirs qu'à midi et dune façon générale plus large aux abords des poles que de l'equateur. Ontracera sur une carte maritime ayant une échelle adaptée: le navigateur devra donc changer de carte lorsqu'il sortira du secteur qu'elle mentionne car le microproceseeur demandera alors à l'imprimante de passer d'une extrémité à l'autre de sa plage de travail .er constate alors que le microprocessur ntindiquera pas les positions reèlles mais des positions en rapport avec l'imprimante il faudra donc pouvoir lui signifier par l'interaèdiaire d'un clavier un code de convertion en rapport avec la carte placée sur l'imprimante.The printer is also of a conventional type. The trace obtained being a zig-zag around a medium position (the errors being due to the inertia of the base and to the accelerations undergone by the boat in all directions), the error will be all the greater as the sun is far. Thus, the zig-zag will be wider in the mornings and in the evenings than at noon and generally wider around the poles than the equator. Ontracera on a maritime chart having an adapted scale: the navigator will thus have to change chart when it leaves the sector which it mentions because the microprocessor will then ask the printer to pass from one end to the other of its range of work .er then notes that the microprocessor will not indicate the actual positions but positions related to the printer so it will be necessary to be able to signify to it via a keyboard using a conversion code related to the card placed on the printer .

Dispositifs annexes t Lorsque les intensites lumineuses rectes par les cellules sont toutes identiques l'appareil nweffectue pas de mesure car cela signifie que ct est la nuit ou qu'il y a trop de brume. On pourra aussi prevoir une program mation lièe à la lune , ce qui supposera un commutateur "jour/nuit" ainsi qu une adatation de la rèceptivité des cellules Ancillary devices t When the light intensities rect by the cells are all identical, the device does not carry out any measurement because it means that it is at night or that there is too much mist. We can also plan a program linked to the moon, which will suppose a "day / night" switch as well as an adaptation of the receptivity of the cells.

Claims (1)

REVENDICATIONS L'appareil permet de lire directement sur narte la route qu'a suivi un bateau sans avoir besoin de faire aucune manipulation.The device makes it possible to read directly on a narte the route that a boat has followed without having to do any manipulation. Il est caractèrisé par le fait qu'il fait appel à la prèsence d'un astre visible , à l'existence d'un champ magnètique terrestre à i l'existence: d'une force de gravité terrestre, le tout simultanément. It is characterized by the fact that it appeals to the presence of a visible star, to the existence of a terrestrial magnetic field to the existence: of a terrestrial force of gravity, all simultaneously. Ilest également caraterise par le fait qu' ilne fait pas appel à la nécessite de distinguer l'horizon , ce qui permet de 1' utiliser par temps un peu couvert ; ainsi que par le finit qu'il est entièrement automatique et qu'il fait un relevé de position permanent et en laisse une trace visible It is also characterized by the fact that it does not appeal to the need to distinguish the horizon, which allows it to be used in slightly cloudy weather; as well as the end that it is fully automatic and that it makes a permanent position statement and leaves a visible trace of it
FR8505845A 1985-04-16 1985-04-16 Automatic apparatus for geographical positioning Withdrawn FR2599140A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8505845A FR2599140A1 (en) 1985-04-16 1985-04-16 Automatic apparatus for geographical positioning

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8505845A FR2599140A1 (en) 1985-04-16 1985-04-16 Automatic apparatus for geographical positioning

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FR2599140A1 true FR2599140A1 (en) 1987-11-27

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FR8505845A Withdrawn FR2599140A1 (en) 1985-04-16 1985-04-16 Automatic apparatus for geographical positioning

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5161242A (en) * 1989-01-24 1992-11-03 Boulay Peter C Automated repeating sextant (ARS)
CN107796405A (en) * 2017-09-25 2018-03-13 上海卫星工程研究所 Fixed star towards survey of deep space cruise section tests the speed the in-orbit tracking of navigator

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5161242A (en) * 1989-01-24 1992-11-03 Boulay Peter C Automated repeating sextant (ARS)
CN107796405A (en) * 2017-09-25 2018-03-13 上海卫星工程研究所 Fixed star towards survey of deep space cruise section tests the speed the in-orbit tracking of navigator
CN107796405B (en) * 2017-09-25 2020-08-11 上海卫星工程研究所 On-orbit tracking method of fixed star speed measurement navigator facing deep space exploration cruise segment

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