FR2593553A1 - Device for purifying exhaust gases of an engine, comprising a catalytic converter with a metal matrix welded into a casing - Google Patents

Device for purifying exhaust gases of an engine, comprising a catalytic converter with a metal matrix welded into a casing Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2593553A1
FR2593553A1 FR8700715A FR8700715A FR2593553A1 FR 2593553 A1 FR2593553 A1 FR 2593553A1 FR 8700715 A FR8700715 A FR 8700715A FR 8700715 A FR8700715 A FR 8700715A FR 2593553 A1 FR2593553 A1 FR 2593553A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
exhaust gases
catalyst
catalytic converter
metal matrix
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
FR8700715A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jorg Abthoff
Hans-Dieter Schuster
Hans-Joachim Lange
Wolfgang Zahn
Klaus-B Kubatschka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daimler Benz AG
Original Assignee
Daimler Benz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Benz AG filed Critical Daimler Benz AG
Publication of FR2593553A1 publication Critical patent/FR2593553A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/02—Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2350/00—Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for purifying the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, comprising a catalytic converter with a metal matrix fixed by welding into a casing. There is provided, considering the direction of flow of the exhaust gases, at 2 to 10 mm before the catalytic converter 1, on the inner wall of the casing 2, 3, 4, a collar 5 directed radially towards the inside and whose height lies between 3 and 15% of the diameter of the catalytic converter 1, whilst, however, being at least 1 mm. Application to the automotive industry.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif pour épurer des gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne, comportant un catalyseur à matrice métallique fixé par soudage dans un boitier. The present invention relates to a device for purifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, comprising a metal matrix catalyst fixed by welding in a housing.

Des véhicules automobiles pourvus d'une installation d'épuration catalytique de gaz d'échappement comportent fréq.uemment, en addition au catalyseur proprement dit, ce qu'on appelle un pré-catalyseur. Ces pré-catalyseurs sont disposés relativement à proximité du moteur et produisent une pré-réaction sur les gaz d'échappement. Notamment dans la phase de marche à chaud, ces pré-catalyseurs exercent déjà prématurément leur action car ils atteignent, du fait qu'ils sont placés à proximité du moteur, très prématurément leur température de service. Du fait qu'ils sont très rapprochés du moteur, les pré-catalyseurs deviennent cependant extrêmement chauds pendant la marche ultérieure du moteur de sorte qu'on utilise pratiquement exclusivement dans ce but des catalyseurs avec matrice métallique.La matrice se compose à cet égard d'un corps à structure en nid d'abeilles, qui est produit par enroulement ou stratification de tôles métalliques lisses et/ou ondulées. Motor vehicles provided with a catalytic exhaust gas cleaning installation frequently include, in addition to the actual catalyst, what is called a pre-catalyst. These pre-catalysts are arranged relatively close to the engine and produce a pre-reaction on the exhaust gases. In particular in the hot running phase, these pre-catalysts already exert their action prematurely because they reach, because they are placed near the engine, very prematurely their operating temperature. Due to the fact that they are very close to the engine, the precatalysts however become extremely hot during the subsequent running of the engine, so that catalysts with a metallic matrix are used almost exclusively for this purpose. 'a honeycomb structure body, which is produced by winding or laminating smooth and / or corrugated metal sheets.

A la place des tôles métalliques, on utilise également des structures tissées en fils métalliques. Les différentes couches du corps de matrice sont reliées entre elles par soudage ou brasage, de même que le corps de matrice dans son ensemble avec le boîtier à catalyseur qui l'entoure, comme cela est décrit par exemple dans le brevet DE 29 47 694 ou la demande de brevet allemand DE OS 33 11 654.Instead of metal sheets, structures woven from metal wires are also used. The different layers of the matrix body are connected together by welding or brazing, as is the matrix body as a whole with the catalyst housing which surrounds it, as described for example in patent DE 29 47 694 or German patent application DE OS 33 11 654.

Un problème connu, et éqalement déjà décrit dans la demande ae brevet allemand précité DE OS 33 11 654, qui s'est posé pour de tels pré-catalyseurs avec matrice métallique de support qui sont placés à proximité du moteur, consiste en ce que les tôles de faible épaisseur de la matrice ae support peuvent atteindre déjà au bout d'un temps très court des températures supérieures à 500"C alors que le boîtier à catalyseur à paroi épaisse est soumis encore assez longtemps à une température relativement plus basse. Sous l'effet de ces différences de température, il se produit de qrandes contraintes de compression et de tension à l'intérieur de la matrice ainsi qu'entre la matrice et la paroi de catalyseur.Ces tensions peuvent provoquer aussi bien une séparation de l'ensemble du corps de matrice par rapport à la paroi du boîtier qu'une désaqrégation du corps de matrice ae support en plusieurs parties. A known problem, and also already described in the aforementioned German patent application DE OS 33 11 654, which has arisen for such pre-catalysts with metallic support matrix which are placed close to the engine, consists in that the thin sheets of the support matrix can already reach temperatures above 500 "C after a very short time, while the thick-walled catalyst housing is subjected to a relatively lower temperature for quite a long time. effect of these temperature differences, great compression and tension stresses occur inside the matrix as well as between the matrix and the catalyst wall. These tensions can cause separation of the assembly as well of the matrix body with respect to the wall of the housing which a disintegration of the matrix body has support in several parts.

La présente invention a pour but de creer un dispositif a'épuration de gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne comportant un catalyseur à matrice métallique fixé par soudage dans un boîtier et qui remédie aux inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus. The object of the present invention is to create a device for purifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines comprising a metal matrix catalyst fixed by welding in a housing and which overcomes the drawbacks mentioned above.

Ce problème est résolu au moyen d'un dispositif qui est caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, en considérant la direction d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement, à 2 à lO mm avant le catalyseur, sur la paroi intérieure du boîtier, une collerette orientée radialement vers l'intérieur et dont la hauteur est comprise entre 3 et 15 % du diamètre de catalyseur, en étant cependant au moins de l mm. This problem is solved by means of a device which is characterized in that, considering the direction of flow of the exhaust gases, 2 to 10 mm before the catalyst, on the inside wall of the housing, a collar oriented radially inwards and whose height is between 3 and 15% of the catalyst diameter, being however at least 1 mm.

Grâce à cette collerette, il est créé dans l'écoulement de gaz d'échappement une zone de turbulence par laquelle on évite une sollicitation directe de la zone marginale du catalyseur par les gaz.d'échappement chauds. Thanks to this flange, a turbulence zone is created in the exhaust gas flow by which direct stress on the marginal zone of the catalyst is avoided by the hot exhaust gases.

I1 s'établit ainsi de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur un qradient de température plus petit, ce qui conduit à une réduction des contraintes thermiques entre la matrice métallique, la soudure et le boîtier à catalyseur. I1 thus establishes from the inside to the outside a smaller temperature qradient, which leads to a reduction in thermal stresses between the metal matrix, the weld and the catalyst box.

En considérant la direction d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement, la collerette doit être placée à environ 2 à lO mm avant le catalyseur. Lorsqu'on descend en dessous de cette plage d'espacement, l'efficacité laisse à désirer et on obtient à nouveau le risque que la liaison entre le corps de matrice et le boîtier soit supprimée. Lorsqu'on augmente l'espacement au-dessus de lO mm, il existe à nouveau le risque que la liaison entre la matrice métallique et le boîtier soit supprimée ou bien on doit augmenter la hauteur de collerette, c'est-à-dire la distance dont la collerette fait saillie du boîtier de catalyseur vers l'intérieur, si grande qu'il se produit pour le moteur des pertes énormes de puissance sous l'effet de la grande contre-pression engendrée par suite du fort étranglement. Considering the direction of flow of the exhaust gases, the flange should be placed approximately 2 to 10 mm before the catalyst. When it drops below this spacing range, the efficiency leaves something to be desired and there is again the risk that the connection between the matrix body and the housing is eliminated. When the spacing is increased above 10 mm, there is again the risk that the connection between the metal matrix and the housing is eliminated or else the height of the flange, that is to say the distance from which the flange protrudes from the catalyst housing inwards, so great that enormous losses of power occur for the engine under the effect of the great back pressure generated as a result of the strong throttling.

Pour produire une zone de turbulence suffisante, la hauteur de collerette ne doit pas tomber en dessous de 3 , -0 du diamètre de catalyseur, en étant cependant au moins de 1 mm. Lorsqu'on descend en dessous desdites valeurs, le risque de génération de contraintes très perturbatrices revient très grand. La hauteur maximale de la collerette doit être à peu près de 15 % du diamètre de catalyseur car au delà, sous l'effet du fort étranglement, la contrepression des gaz d'échappement en amont du catalyseur devient si élevée qu'elle a une influence sensible sur la puissance du moteur. On devrait choisir la relation réciproque entre la hauteur de collerette et la disposition de cette dernière en amont du catalyseur de telle sorte que cette collerette soit d'autant plus rapprochée du catalyseur e sa hauteur diminue. To produce a sufficient turbulence zone, the height of the flange must not fall below 3, -0 of the diameter of the catalyst, however being at least 1 mm. When we go below these values, the risk of generating very disturbing constraints returns very great. The maximum height of the flange must be approximately 15% of the catalyst diameter because beyond, under the effect of the strong throttling, the exhaust gas back pressure upstream of the catalyst becomes so high that it has an influence. sensitive on engine power. One should choose the reciprocal relationship between the height of the collar and the arrangement of the latter upstream of the catalyst so that this collar is all the more close to the catalyst and its height decreases.

Sur la figure est représenté un dispositif d'épuration de gaz d'échappement ae moteurs à combustion interne, se composant dU boîtier à catalyseur dans lequel est fixé par soudage le catalyseur 1 à matrice métallique. Le boitier se composte de la tubulure d'entrée 2, de la tubulure de sortie 3 et 'une partie centrale de section constante 4, avec laquelle est relié par soudage le catalyseur à matrice métallique, non représenté en détail. Les tubulures d'entrée et de sortie des gaz d'échappement sont reliées à la partie centrale 4 du boîtier par soudage. En considérant la direction d'écoulement aes gaz d'échappement, il est prévu en dmont du catalyseur une collerette 5 faisant saillie radialement vers l'intérieur à partir de la paroi intérieure du boîtier. Cette collerette peut être produite d'une manière appropriee, par exemple par roulage, par soudage d'un anneau correspondant ou par un moyen analogue. In the figure is shown a device for purifying exhaust gas from internal combustion engines, consisting of a catalyst housing in which the metal matrix catalyst 1 is fixed by welding. The housing consists of the inlet pipe 2, the outlet pipe 3 and a central part of constant section 4, with which the metal matrix catalyst, not shown in detail, is connected by welding. The exhaust gas inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the central part 4 of the housing by welding. Considering the direction of flow of the exhaust gases, a flange 5 projecting radially inwards from the inside wall of the housing is provided at the top of the catalyst. This flange can be produced in an appropriate manner, for example by rolling, by welding a corresponding ring or by similar means.

Grâce a la zone de turbulence produite en arrière de la collerette 5, il s'établit de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur un petit gradient de température de sorte qu'il se produit de plus petites contraintes thermiques entre le catalyseur 1 à matrice métallique et la paroi extérieure 4.  Thanks to the turbulence zone produced behind the flange 5, a small temperature gradient is established from the inside towards the outside so that smaller thermal stresses occur between the metal matrix catalyst 1 and the outer wall 4.

Claims (1)

REVENDICATION CLAIM Dispositif pour épurer des gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne, comportant un catalyseur à matrice métallique fixé par soudage dans un boîtier, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, en considérant la direction d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement, à 2 à lO mm avant le catalyseur (1), sur la paroi intérieure du boîtier (2, 3, 4), une collerette (5) orientée radialement vers l'intérieur et dont la hauteur est comprise entre 3 et 15 60 du diamètre de catalyseur, en étant cependant au moins ae 1 mm.  Device for purifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, comprising a metal matrix catalyst fixed by welding in a housing, characterized in that, considering the direction of flow of the exhaust gases, 2 to 10 mm before the catalyst (1), on the inside wall of the housing (2, 3, 4), a flange (5) oriented radially inwards and whose height is between 3 and 15 60 of the diameter of catalyst, however being at least 1 mm.
FR8700715A 1986-01-24 1987-01-22 Device for purifying exhaust gases of an engine, comprising a catalytic converter with a metal matrix welded into a casing Pending FR2593553A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863602134 DE3602134A1 (en) 1986-01-24 1986-01-24 DEVICE FOR CLEANING ENGINE EXHAUST GASES WITH A METAL MATRIX CATALYST SOLELED IN A HOUSING

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2593553A1 true FR2593553A1 (en) 1987-07-31

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR8700715A Pending FR2593553A1 (en) 1986-01-24 1987-01-22 Device for purifying exhaust gases of an engine, comprising a catalytic converter with a metal matrix welded into a casing

Country Status (5)

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CH (1) CH671267A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3602134A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2593553A1 (en)
IT (1) IT1205698B (en)
SE (1) SE8700232L (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0334066A1 (en) * 1988-03-07 1989-09-27 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Cartridge for a catalyst used in treating exhaust gas from an internal-combustion engine

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8811086U1 (en) * 1988-09-01 1988-10-20 Emitec Gesellschaft für Emissionstechnologie mbH, 53797 Lohmar Carrier body for a catalytic reactor for exhaust gas purification
DE19821942A1 (en) * 1998-05-16 1999-11-18 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Manufacturing process for a catalyst assembly with a conical wound metal support matrix

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3530649A (en) * 1968-06-28 1970-09-29 Fred W Porsch Air pollution control device for engines
DE2218673A1 (en) * 1972-04-18 1973-10-25 Volkswagenwerk Ag ARRANGEMENT FOR EMISSION DETOXIFICATION WITH A CATALYST INSERT
DE2727967A1 (en) * 1977-06-22 1979-01-18 Audi Nsu Auto Union Ag Monolithic metal catalyst for exhaust gas detoxification - with metal foils joined by laser beam welding (SW 4.12.78)
JPS5872613A (en) * 1981-10-26 1983-04-30 Toyota Motor Corp Exhaust manifold for automobile engine
JPS59215914A (en) * 1983-05-24 1984-12-05 Honda Motor Co Ltd Two-stage catalytic converter

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2515732A1 (en) * 1975-04-10 1976-11-11 Zeuna Staerker Kg DEVICE FOR CLEANING COMBUSTION ENGINE EXHAUST GASES
DE2924592C2 (en) * 1979-06-19 1983-05-26 Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart Method for producing a carrier matrix for a catalytic reactor for exhaust gas purification in internal combustion engines of motor vehicles
DE2947694C2 (en) * 1979-11-27 1985-08-01 Sintermetallwerk Krebsöge GmbH, 5608 Radevormwald Catalytic carrier matrix for cleaning internal combustion engine exhaust gases
DE3311654A1 (en) * 1983-03-30 1984-10-04 Interatom Internationale Atomreaktorbau Gmbh, 5060 Bergisch Gladbach CATALYST SUPPORT BODY FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WITH EXPANSION SLOTS

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3530649A (en) * 1968-06-28 1970-09-29 Fred W Porsch Air pollution control device for engines
DE2218673A1 (en) * 1972-04-18 1973-10-25 Volkswagenwerk Ag ARRANGEMENT FOR EMISSION DETOXIFICATION WITH A CATALYST INSERT
DE2727967A1 (en) * 1977-06-22 1979-01-18 Audi Nsu Auto Union Ag Monolithic metal catalyst for exhaust gas detoxification - with metal foils joined by laser beam welding (SW 4.12.78)
JPS5872613A (en) * 1981-10-26 1983-04-30 Toyota Motor Corp Exhaust manifold for automobile engine
JPS59215914A (en) * 1983-05-24 1984-12-05 Honda Motor Co Ltd Two-stage catalytic converter

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 7, no. 165 (M-230)[1310], 20 juillet 1983; & JP-A-58 72 613 (TOYOTA JIDOSHA KOGYO K.K.) 30-04-1983 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 9, no. 87 (M-372)[1810], 17 avril 1985; & JP-A-59 215 914 (HONDA GIKEN KOGYO K.K.) 05-12-1984 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0334066A1 (en) * 1988-03-07 1989-09-27 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Cartridge for a catalyst used in treating exhaust gas from an internal-combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE8700232L (en) 1987-07-25
IT1205698B (en) 1989-03-31
IT8747518A0 (en) 1987-01-12
CH671267A5 (en) 1989-08-15
SE8700232D0 (en) 1987-01-21
DE3602134A1 (en) 1987-07-30

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