FR2590861A1 - Multihull sailing craft - Google Patents

Multihull sailing craft Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2590861A1
FR2590861A1 FR8517836A FR8517836A FR2590861A1 FR 2590861 A1 FR2590861 A1 FR 2590861A1 FR 8517836 A FR8517836 A FR 8517836A FR 8517836 A FR8517836 A FR 8517836A FR 2590861 A1 FR2590861 A1 FR 2590861A1
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Prior art keywords
floats
float
rudder
axis
triangle
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French (fr)
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/14Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected resiliently or having means for actively varying hull shape or configuration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/02Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
    • B63B1/10Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
    • B63B1/14Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected resiliently or having means for actively varying hull shape or configuration
    • B63B2001/145Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected resiliently or having means for actively varying hull shape or configuration having means for actively varying hull shape or configuration

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for a craft carried by three tapered floats F of little drag, arranged in a (preferably isosceles) triangle and whose axis of symmetry is the direcion of forward travel. These three floats are joined together by a structure S which is itself in the shape of a triangle and rests via its corners on the centres of gravity of the floats and by means of articulated connections. These articulated connections provide the floats with the freedom for pitching movements and provide the lateral floats with a partial freedom for yawing movements. The float placed in the central axis of the craft may be either at the bow or at the stern and is in all cases orientable so as to be used as a rudder. This orientation of the float may be obtained by acting on a rudder blade placed at the rear of this float with a view to limiting the forces required for steering.

Description

DESCRI Pli ON
La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'embarcation multicoque permettant de résoudre le problème des liaisons entre les flotteurs de façon à éviter la majeure partie des contraintes dans ces liaisons et d'obtenir un allégement sensible de l'embarcation.
DESCRI Fold ON
The present invention relates to a multihull boat device making it possible to solve the problem of the connections between the floats so as to avoid the major part of the stresses in these connections and to obtain a significant reduction of the boat.

Tradittnnellement, les embarcations monocoques font appel à une quille lestée pour créer la stabilité et la recherche des performances sur ces voiliers conduit à accorder à ce lest la majeure partie du poids de l'embarcation présentant de ce fait une trainée importante dans l'eau.  Traditionally, monohull boats use a ballasted keel to create stability and the search for performance on these sailboats leads to grant this ballast most of the weight of the boat thus having a large drag in the water.

Quant aux dits "multicoques" quelqu'ils soient, ceux-ci tirent partie d'un élargissement du polygone de sustentation permettant de s'affranchir du lest. Cependant, les efforts parasites consécutifs à la houle qui tend à déformer le plan de flottaison nécessitent un surconditionnement des poutres reliant les flotteurs. De ce fait, ces embarcations ne peuvent être très légères, nécessitent une construction coûteuse, et présente un problème bien connu de fragilité. De plus, elles sont encombrantes lors de leur transport à terre.As for the so-called "multihulls" whatever they are, these take advantage of an enlargement of the support polygon allowing to overcome the ballast. However, the parasitic forces consecutive to the swell which tends to deform the floatation plane require an over-conditioning of the beams connecting the floats. Therefore, these boats can not be very light, require an expensive construction, and presents a well known problem of fragility. In addition, they are bulky when transported ashore.

Au niveau de la stabilité dans l'eau: les efforts aérodyna- miques sur la voilure sont compensés par des efforts hydrodynamiques sur la coque et l'ensemble crée un couple ayant tendance à coucher le voilier.In terms of stability in the water: aerodynamic stresses on the wing are compensated by hydrodynamic stresses on the hull and the whole creates a torque which tends to lay the sailboat down.

Au niveau de la robustesse: c'est l'intensité de ces efforts qui détermine la vitesse du voilier: on cherche donc à accroître ceux-ci par augmentation de la surface de voilure par exemple. Ainsi ces efforts par nature très irréguliers justifient-ils un surdimentionnement considérable de toutes les parties participant à la robustesse de.l'ensemble.In terms of robustness: it is the intensity of these efforts that determines the speed of the sailboat: we therefore seek to increase these by increasing the sail area for example. Thus these very irregular efforts by nature justify a considerable oversizing of all the parts participating in the robustness of the whole.

Au niveau de la Iégéreté: le volume de la coque immergé est fonction du poids total de ltembarcation, lequel volume est générateur de la trainée dans l'eau qui ralentit le voilier.At the level of Lightness: the volume of the submerged hull is a function of the total weight of the boat, which volume generates drag in the water which slows down the sailboat.

Le dispositif suivant l'invention permet de remédier aux inconvénients bien connus et ci-dessus rappelés. I1 permet en effet de résoudre de manière originale le problème de liaison entre les flotteurs ainsi que sus-indiqué.The device according to the invention overcomes the well-known drawbacks mentioned above. I1 indeed makes it possible to solve in an original way the problem of connection between the floats as mentioned above.

Selon une forme préférentielle illustrée par les croquis 1 à 9, trois flotteurs effilés de faible trainée sont disposés en triangle, dont deux flotteurs latéraux sont disposés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe de la marche, le troisième flotteur étant disposé sur l'axe central de l'embar- cation. According to a preferred form illustrated by sketches 1 to 9, three tapered floats of small drag are arranged in a triangle, two lateral floats of which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of the step, the third float being disposed on the central axis of the boat.

Une structure rigide, elle-même en forme générale de triangle isocèle ou équilatéral, dont les trois sommets s'appuient eux centres des trois flotteurs les relient ainsi par l'intez médiaire de liaisons articulées. Cette structure porte en outre la mâture des voiles. Les trois flotteurs jouent le rôle de sustentation de l'ensemble; cependant le flotteur placé dans l'axe central est orientable et joue le rôle de gouvernail de direction.A rigid structure, itself in the general shape of an isosceles or equilateral triangle, the three vertices of which are based on the centers of the three floats, thus connecting them via the medial interior of articulated connections. This structure also carries the mast of the sails. The three floats act as a lift for the whole; however the float placed in the central axis is swiveling and plays the role of rudder.

Les croquis 1 et 2 montrent deux versions possibles de ce dispositif: la structure S s'appuie sur les liaisons articulées L sur les flotteurs profilés F et sur le croquis 1, le flotteur orientable est à l'arrière de l'embarcation tandisque sur le croquis 2, il est à l'avant. Le choix entre l'une ou l'autre possibilité dépendra en pratique du choix du gréement de façon que la résultante des efforts aérodynamique sur la voilure passe approximativement à la verticale de la résultante des efforts hydrodynamiques sur les trois flotteur
Exemples: l'embarcation (croquis 3) porte une voile triangulaire V tendue sur un "baume" L, le flotteur orientable D étant à l'arrière.
Sketches 1 and 2 show two possible versions of this device: the structure S is based on the articulated links L on the profiled floats F and on sketch 1, the adjustable float is at the rear of the boat while on the sketch 2, it is at the front. The choice between one or the other possibility will depend in practice on the choice of rigging so that the result of the aerodynamic forces on the wing passes approximately vertically from the result of the hydrodynamic forces on the three floats.
Examples: the boat (sketch 3) has a triangular sail V stretched over a "balm" L, the adjustable float D being at the rear.

Au contraire, la voile (croquis 4) est un foc F, le flotteur orientable étant à l'avant (D).On the contrary, the sail (sketch 4) is a jib F, the steerable float being at the front (D).

Dans les deux cas le mât z est placé sur la poutre P faisant partie de la structure et reliant les flotteurs latéraux. Il est haubanné en trois points H dont un dans l'axe et à l'extremité de la structure, les deux autres étant près des angles latéraux de la structure.In both cases the mast z is placed on the beam P forming part of the structure and connecting the lateral floats. It is guyed at three H points, one of which is in the axis and at the end of the structure, the other two being near the lateral angles of the structure.

Les liaisons articulées jouent un roule essentiel dans cette conception car elles doivent éviter de transmettre la plupart des efforts de torsion alternée dûs au mouvement des flotteurs sur la houle, à la structure. Celles-ci doivent cependant conserver aux flotteurs leur orientation selon l'axe de la route de ltembarcation. Ces liaisons permettent d'une part, l'indépendance complète des mouvements de tangage des flotteurs par rapport à la structure. D'autre part, ces liaisons permettent aussi une relative indépendance des mouvements de lacet (ou de direction) des flotteurs latéraux.The articulated connections play an essential roll in this design because they must avoid transmitting most of the alternating torsional forces due to the movement of the floats on the swell, to the structure. These must however keep the floats their orientation along the axis of the boat's route. These connections allow on the one hand, the complete independence of the pitching movements of the floats with respect to the structure. On the other hand, these links also allow relative independence of the yaw (or direction) movements of the lateral floats.

Cette indépendance supplémentaire est cependant limitée de deux manières utilisées conjointement ou non, à savoir:
-par des encastrements élastiques permettant une déviation du flotteur en cas d'effort excessif et ramenant ce flotteur en direction de la route dès disparition de l'effort,
-par un autoguidage du flotteur obtenu grace à un safran monté à l'arrière du flotteur et actionné par un système mécanique adéquat.
This additional independence is however limited in two ways, used together or not, namely:
-by elastic recesses allowing deviation of the float in the event of excessive effort and bringing this float back towards the road as soon as the effort disappears,
-by autoguiding of the float obtained thanks to a rudder mounted at the rear of the float and actuated by an adequate mechanical system.

Des exemples de réalisation de ces liaisons sont illustrés sur les croquis 5 à B. Ainsi peut-on voir (croquis 5) une possibilité de guidage d'un flotteur latéral par encastrement semiélastique: l'axe A solidaire de la structure S vient se placer dans les demi-paliers P ménagés sur la platine Q fixée au flotteur. Les tendeurs élastiques R sont accrochés aux extr6- mités de l'axe A et ont pour rôle de maintenir l'axe A dans le demi-palier, comme de la ramener dans cette position en cas de déviation accidentelle du flotteur.Examples of embodiment of these connections are illustrated in sketches 5 to B. Thus we can see (sketch 5) a possibility of guiding a lateral float by semielastic embedding: the axis A integral with the structure S is placed in the half-bearings P formed on the plate Q fixed to the float. The elastic tensioners R are attached to the ends of the axis A and have the role of maintaining the axis A in the half-bearing, as well as bringing it back to this position in the event of accidental deviation of the float.

L'on peut également voir (croquis 6) une possibilité d'autoguidage d'un flotteur latéral: la liaison est constituée de deux axes A et B montés en cardan laissant au flotteur une totale liberté en tangage et en lacets. Ce dernier est équipé d'un gouvernail constitué par un safran S orientable par action sur un palonnier T, lequel palonnier est lui-même actionné par deux câbles U d'égale longueur et reliés en deux points V1 et '12 à la structure de part et d'autre de l'axe A.One can also see (sketch 6) a possibility of homing a lateral float: the connection consists of two axes A and B mounted in cardan joint giving the float total freedom in pitching and laces. The latter is fitted with a rudder consisting of a rudder S which can be oriented by action on a lifter T, which lifter is itself actuated by two cables U of equal length and connected at two points V1 and '12 to the share structure and on the other side of axis A.

Ainsi qu'on peut le voir (croquis 7) de dessus, une déviation du flotteur par rapport à l'axe x'x entraine une déviation d'angle double du safran S et par conséquent un guidage du flotteur tendant à la ramener sur l'axe x'x.As can be seen (sketch 7) from above, a deviation of the float relative to the axis x'x leads to a double angle deviation of the rudder S and therefore guidance of the float tending to bring it back on the 'axis x'x.

Le croquis 8 illustre une autre possibilité d'autoguidage d'un flotteur F latéral: la liaison est identique à celle ci-dessus décrite, le flotteur étant toujours équipé d'un safran S qui cette fois est orienté par l'action d'une barre T. Cette barre est elle-même reliée à la structure par une bielle U dont la longueur est telle que la barre T et le safran S soient dans l'axe du flotteur lorsque ce dernier est orienté sur l'axe xlx: tout écart du flotteur de cette position entraîne une orientation du safran tendant à ramener le flotteur sur sa route.Sketch 8 illustrates another possibility of autoguiding a lateral float F: the connection is identical to that described above, the float being always fitted with a rudder S which this time is oriented by the action of a bar T. This bar is itself connected to the structure by a connecting rod U whose length is such that the bar T and the rudder S are in the axis of the float when the latter is oriented on the axis xlx: any deviation of the float from this position causes an orientation of the rudder tending to bring the float back on its way.

Pour les réalisations d'une taille importante, il est utile de combiner les procédés d'encastrement semi-élastiques et d;auto- guidage: le premier agit à vitesse nulle de l'embarcationmais transmet des contraintes, néanmoins limitées,à la structur tandisque le second ne peut agir qu'en marche, mais ne transmet pratiquement pas de contraintes à la structure.For large-scale projects, it is useful to combine semi-elastic embedding and self-guiding methods: the first acts at zero speed of the boat but transmits constraints, however limited, to the structure while the second can only act while walking, but hardly transmits constraints to the structure.

En outre il est possible de commander au flotteur central (soit à l'avant soit à l'arrière) une direction déterminée non par rapport à l'axe central mais par rapport à une route choisie. Furthermore, it is possible to command the central float (either at the front or at the rear) a determined direction not with respect to the central axis but with respect to a chosen route.

La solution la plus simple, pour embarcations de petite taille, consiste à agir -en relayant l'effort humain par une mécanique simple (barre ou plafonnier)- sur le flotteur luimême pour l'orienter convenablement.The simplest solution, for small boats, is to act - by relaying human effort by simple mechanics (bar or ceiling light) - on the float itself to orient it properly.

L'effort humain (en croquis 9) est appliqué par un dispositif non décrit au palonnier P, relié à la structure par l'axe vertical A. Ce palonnier P agit dune part sur le flotteur F par la liaison élastique constituée par les tendeurs élastiques T; ce palonnier agit d'autre part sur le safran S situé à l'arrière du flotteur par les câbles U, puis le second palonnier 9, selon un système décrit ci-dessus.The human effort (in sketch 9) is applied by a device not described on the lifter P, connected to the structure by the vertical axis A. This lifter P acts on the one hand on the float F by the elastic connection constituted by the elastic tensioners T; this spreader acts on the other hand on the rudder S located at the rear of the float by the cables U, then the second spreader 9, according to a system described above.

En conséquence, tout effort sur le palonnier P s'applique par la liaison élastique au flotteur, puis au safran S, et lten- semble tend ainsi à orienter le flotteur dans la direction voulue. Consequently, any force on the lifter P is applied by the elastic connection to the float, then to the rudder S, and the unit thus tends to orient the float in the desired direction.

Claims (4)

REVENDICATIONS 1/ Dispositif d'embarcation à voile supportée par trois flotteurs en triangle et reliés par une structure elle-même triangulaire s'appuyant par ses sommets sur chaque flotteur.1 / Sailing boat device supported by three triangular floats and connected by a triangular structure itself supported by its vertices on each float. 2/ Dispositif d'embarcation selon la revendication 1 supportée par trois flotteurs reliés par une structure et par l'intermédiaire de liaisons articulées en vue de permettre une certaine indépendance des mouvements des flotteurs.2 / boat device according to claim 1 supported by three floats connected by a structure and by means of articulated connections in order to allow a certain independence of the movements of the floats. 3/ Dispositif d'embarcation selon la revendication 1 ou 2 supportée par trois flotteurs disposés en triangle et dont le flotteur placé dans l'axe de symétrie est orientable pour servir de gouvernail.3 / boat device according to claim 1 or 2 supported by three floats arranged in a triangle and whose float placed in the axis of symmetry is adjustable to serve as a rudder. 4/ Dispositif d'embarcation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes munies d'un système de commande de gouvernail utilisant un safran auxiliaire monté sur le gouvernail. 4 / boat device according to any one of the preceding claims provided with a rudder control system using an auxiliary rudder mounted on the rudder.
FR8517836A 1985-12-03 1985-12-03 Multihull sailing craft Withdrawn FR2590861A1 (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2630993A2 (en) * 1987-11-25 1989-11-10 Orso Michel D Sailing boat with sail structure rotationally driven by a rudder
WO2003072426A2 (en) * 2002-02-25 2003-09-04 Marine Advanced Research, Inc Flexible ocean-going vessels with surface conforming hulls
WO2004065202A1 (en) * 2003-01-22 2004-08-05 Andrew Gosling Multi-hulled water craft
US20130102208A1 (en) * 2010-06-23 2013-04-25 Karibu Invest Watercraft

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2451312A1 (en) * 1979-03-14 1980-10-10 Vernier Gabriel Multi-hull hydrofoil vessel - has hulls secured to main structure by joints allowing rolling, pitching and sliding movement
EP0102886A2 (en) * 1982-08-03 1984-03-14 Jean-Michel Forestier Trimaran having at least vertically orientable halls
FR2545440A1 (en) * 1983-05-04 1984-11-09 Jm Editions Creations Innovati Sailed nautical craft

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2451312A1 (en) * 1979-03-14 1980-10-10 Vernier Gabriel Multi-hull hydrofoil vessel - has hulls secured to main structure by joints allowing rolling, pitching and sliding movement
EP0102886A2 (en) * 1982-08-03 1984-03-14 Jean-Michel Forestier Trimaran having at least vertically orientable halls
FR2545440A1 (en) * 1983-05-04 1984-11-09 Jm Editions Creations Innovati Sailed nautical craft

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2630993A2 (en) * 1987-11-25 1989-11-10 Orso Michel D Sailing boat with sail structure rotationally driven by a rudder
WO2003072426A2 (en) * 2002-02-25 2003-09-04 Marine Advanced Research, Inc Flexible ocean-going vessels with surface conforming hulls
US6874439B2 (en) 2002-02-25 2005-04-05 Marine Advanced Research, Inc. Flexible ocean-going vessels with surface conforming hulls
WO2003072426A3 (en) * 2002-02-25 2005-08-11 Marine Advanced Res Inc Flexible ocean-going vessels with surface conforming hulls
WO2004065202A1 (en) * 2003-01-22 2004-08-05 Andrew Gosling Multi-hulled water craft
US20130102208A1 (en) * 2010-06-23 2013-04-25 Karibu Invest Watercraft
US8967064B2 (en) * 2010-06-23 2015-03-03 Karibu Invest Watercraft

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