FR2578628A1 - "Burn everything" boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

Boiler known as a "burn everything" boiler because it is multi-fuelled and generates hot air or hot water, and is horizontal with totally reversed combustion with burning of gases. The invention relates to a wood, cardboard, straw, woodchips, sawdust, tendril, woodwaste or timber fired boiler, which fuel is crushed, or packed as granules into logs or briquettes, hand loaded in bulk or by an automatic feed. A liquid fuel burners is mounted on the door so as to ensure a main or top-up heat supply. It consists of a heating door, a double inlet of primary air 1 and secondary air 2, a hearth with refractory inertia 3, a burner exhaust 4, a direct smoke outlet 5, a bypass smoke outlet 6, a final exhaust 7, an air or water inlet 8, a first exchanger 9, a second exchanger 10, an air or water outlet 11, a thermostatic regulator 12, a deflector for liquid fuel 13, a burner barrel on the door 14, and a front refractory surface 15.

Description

DESCRIPTION
Boiler known as "Brûle-Tout" because it is a multi-fuel generator of hot air or hot water, horizontal with reverse combustion with gas igniting.

The invention relates to a boiler for wood, cardboard, straw, shavings, sawdust, branches, wood or forest waste crushed or packaged in pellets in logs or briquettes, loaded in bulk or by automatic feeding.

A liquid fuel burner is mounted on the door to provide main or additional heat production.

The primary parallelepipedic or cylindinaric combustion chamber is equipped with a refractory inertia hearth, with a refractory frontal 1ace (15) with a direct outlet (5) from an exhaust; -rî; their (4) d ' a deflector for liquid fuel (13) and a door for primary (i) and secondary (2) air heating.

 Contrary to the vast majority of solid fuel boilers whose combustion takes place on a grate, this one (like the one which was the subject of my previous patent 81.23353) adopts a combustion system on brick and refractory concrete creating a fire inertia (3) raising the combustion temperature by isolating it from a lower air or water exchange and accumulating the heat, letting the embers burn completely until I form ash and even chew (fusion of ashes).

By this system we obtain an amount of ash lower than 1.5% of the fuel burned. This inertia increases the flexibility of operation of the device, makes it easier to start up after loading and the combustion at idle speed (so-called slow), as many difficult things to obtain with combustion on a grate.

The front face is equipped with a loading door, this door consists of a plate which can be flat or curved, and comprises at least two air inlets which can be operated by two mechanisms independent of each other. The two differently proportional openings are controlled by a thermostat placed on the air or water outlet. This acts quickly with a small lever on the primary air supply, and with a slow lever on the secondary air supply. If during the ignition or combustion stage the thermostat registers a high temperature, it will first shut off the primary air supply, the secondary air supply remaining open, the boiler will slow down by continuing to rotate on the combustion of gases. We can then consider that it turns in gazilication (gasifier). If the therinostat registers a temperature too high it will then close the secondary air in order to stop any combustion. The same result can be obtained with two thermostats, one for each air intake and with two different settings. the first primary air inlet (1) is connected to a baffle placed in the lining of the door so as to form a path for the air towards the lower part and rising behind the baffle to exit heated from the lining by a hatch giving in the upper part of the combustion chamber. The second secondary air inlet (2) is connected to a tube passing through the door lining in its upper part and descending outside this lining, on the fireplace side to be connected (door closed) to the same tube embedded in the retracting mass of the hearth (3) and rising to the bottom by the same tube having openings for vaporizing the air thus heated.

This air leaving by vacuum from the exhaust-burner (4) in front of which it is located, will mix with the gas resulting from the primary combustion. This gas + oxygen mixture passing through this exhaust-burner lined with refractory maintained at high temperature will ignite. This combustion will end at the bottom of the burner, directing it below and to return to the entire proiondeur of the boiler through the space (6) placed between the 1st exchanger (9) and the 2nd (1C) in a co- axial.

This space (6) will channel the gases thus burned on either side of the sight glass between the two exchangers (9) & (10) until the final exhaust (7).

By this principle, the first exchanger (9) is heated on the one hand by the internal primary combustion and on the other hand by the secondary combustion with deflection of the gases in the external chamber (6). the second exchanger (10) is heated by its inner face by secondary combustion with the deflection of gases in the chamber (6) and possibly if necessary isolated on its outer face.

The disadvantage of reverse combustion (a difficult start of the fire and exhaust fumes in the room during filling), and offset by the existence of a second direct exhaust (5) at the top and rear of the fireplace which is opened for start-up and loading, allowing the smoke to be mounted directly in the duct.

The device is equipped on the front side with sweeping gates allowing access, provided with an ustancil suitable for all the hidden parts of the boiler.

The loading of the hearth is done horizontally through a large opening of the same section as the rent and allows the introduction of large diameter logs, straw bales, branches or the bulk loading of crushed waste. For the bulk loading of waste the exhaust is protected by a grid (16) rising up to the level of the exhaust (5) 'for automatic feeding, the introduction of fuel comes through the rear of the boiler, the crucible being in the 1st tier of the hearth above the level of the exhaust. For constant operation with a liquid fuel burner, a deflector forces the heat to be reflected on the front of the combustion chamber before passing into the exhaust-burner (4).

The operating principle has appeared that the circulation of heat between the dittirentes surfaces' spine, travels practically 2 times 360 2, which allows to record very high yields
On the other hand, the design of this boiler reveals that it can be used with liquid as well as solid fuels, and even both at the same time.

The round shape of this boiler which could just as easily be square, but which was designed round for economic reasons is very suitable for the combustion of used tires, its final design (gas discharge) in air version is quite suitable for mounting of a box with drawer filter to recover the carbon suspended in the fumes.

Seven production possibilities are offered to this system: 1) boiler producing hot water with exchanger (c), the heat of
the smoke deflection being used on the outside in radiation
direct.

2) hot water boiler with exchanger (9), the diversion
fumes being insulated (the insulation takes the place of the exchanger 10)
to increase the efficiency of the exchanger (9).

3) hot water boiler with exchanger (9) & exchanger
(10), with or without insulation.

4) air production boiler with exchanger (9), the heat of the
smoke deflection being used outside by radiation.

5) air production boiler with exchanger (9), the deflection of
smoke being insulated (the insulation takes the place of the exchanger (1O)
to increase the efficiency of the exchanger (Ç).

6) air production boiler with exchanger (9) and exchanger (1û)
with or without insulation, 7) mixed boiler with water production with heat exchanger (9) and production
air with exchanger (1G), with or without insulation.

In the production of hot air version, the norizontal design of the boiler does not prevent vertical cooling by natural convection of the air, which allows it to absorb the heat stroke in the event of prolonged shutdown of the fan.

 In light production and in mixed production, an air intake channel (8) intended to be heated placed under the boiler and acting as a base distributes the air over the entire depth of the boiler and in a homogeneous manner thanks to an oblique plate in the exchangers (9) for the version with 1 exchanger, (9) and (10) for the version with 2 exchangers and (10) for the mixed version.

A same channel (17) receives this heated air at the top and directs it towards the outside. This channel has the advantage of being heated in its upper part by the final exhaust of the gases (7). The arrangement of these 2 channels relative to each other allows operation in natural convection.

Claims (11)

RLVE ICATIONS  1) Multi-fuel heating device with horizontal loading and combustion and vertical cooling, characterized in that it has a hearth lined in its lower part with a refractory mass (3) allows the rise in combustion temperature leaving the embers to be completely consumed.  2) Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized in that au'il is operated by enilammement completely reverse combustion with at least 2 combustion chambers / gases and by deflection of smoke (6), allowing primary combustion and secondary combustion.  3) A heater according to claim 2 characterized in that the exhaust of gases is through a single outlet at the bottom and bottom, lined with refractory material in which comes to vaporize the inlet of secondary air (2) overheated . This exhaust is studied so that the flames and fumes carry it permanently to high alvin temperatures to burn combustible gases in the process. This exhaust is a real burner (4).  4) Ae heater according to claim 2 & 3 characterized in that it co-flows two air inlets on the door, the primary one (1) heated by its baffle travel in the lining of the door before coming out in the upper part of the combustion chamber, the other secondary (2) heated by its path through a tube passing through the door and descending along the lining on the hearth side and extending into the hearth refractory mass (3) before vaporizing at the bottom and bottom of the combustion chamber in the exhaust-burner (4).  5) A heater according to claim 3 i 4 characterized in that it comprises two differently proportional air supply controlled by one or two thermostat placed on the water or air outlet, the latter or these acting first on the primary air supply (1) and with delay / secondary air supply (2).  6) A heater according to claim 2 & 3 characterized in that the gases igniting in the exhaust at the bottom of the hot diere go hot-iron going up in the 2nd chamber (6) towards the final exhaust ( 7) the outer part of the 1st exchanger (9) thus taken between two heat sources and the inner part of the 2nd exchanger (10) for models fitted with two exchangers.  7) A heating device according to claim 6 oaraçtérisé in that a removable hatch eliminating the combustion inversion causes smoke to rise directly in the duct allowing not to smoke the room during loading and facilitating starting.  8) A heater according to claim 4 characterized in that the loading door rather than between bare or heat-insulated is cooled by a baffle circulation of primary air thus entering already hot- in the boiler. The door can therefore be considered as an exchange surface.  9) A heating device according to claim 5 characterized in that the regulation of the secondary air supply being done differently from the primary air supply, allows an idle operation in combustion only secondary type gasifier.  10) A heating appliance according to all of the preceding claims cited in that its production may be with hot water: 1 exchanger (9) + recovered or heat-insulated radiator  2 heat exchangers (9 and 10) insulated or not with hot air: t exchanger (9) + recovered or insulated radiation  2 heat exchangers (9 and 10) insulated or not and mixed: hot water 1 exchanger (9)  + hot air 1 heat exchanger (10) insulated or not  11) A heating device according to claim 10 characterized in the air version in that an air supply channel intended to be heated, placed under the boiler and acting as a base distributed in the exchangers (9 and 10) l air over the entire depth of the boiler and in a homogeneous manner thanks to an inclined plane, and in that a same channel (11) placed on the upper part of the boiler receives the heated air and directs it towards the 'outside. The arrangement of these 2 channels one above the other allows operation in desired natural convection or in the event of a fan interruption.