FR2578191A1 - Die for extruding sheets or panels made of plastic materials of various colours and of a support for the said sheets or panels - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a machine for extruding plastic materials. It includes the assembly of four main parts: two inner parts, an upper 1 and lower 3 one, and two outer parts, an upper 4 and lower 5 one, the lower inner part 3 including two parts, the upper one of which is provided with triangular grooves which diverge outwardly and which mark the thickness of each elementary sheet, of different colours, of which the entire plastic sheet or panel to be obtained from this machine is to be composed. It finds an advantageous application in the production of such multicoloured plastic sheets or panels.

Description

 The present invention relates to a machine for the extrusion of plastics.

 This machine has essential characteristics which are new compared to those of systems known in the same field and used to obtain the same result as that to which the present machine results and for which it is designed.

 The machine in question is intended to form strips or plates of different colors.

 It was a question, for the plaintiff, of inventing a machine for the extrusion of plastics which is more sophisticated than those which are currently on the market. The latter are based, in fact, on the manufacture of multicolored strips obtained by bonding small elementary ribbons, a very expensive process, or else by extrusion in several dies, which requires the use of arrangements that are both complicated and unreliable. . The research undertaken made it possible to free the machine according to the invention from the abovementioned drawbacks.

 This machine is based on the production of plastic strips or plates from small contiguous strips of material, these may be of different colors, with all the advantages that this represents for the manufacture of various products from these strips or plates. The pipes through which plastics of different colors pass have their horizontal outlet; the lower part carries out an extrusion of white basic plastic material, which serves as a support, support coming to stick to the rest of the plastic material extruded above it.

 The plastic material of the upper part is preferably glossy and transparent, which makes it possible to give the plate obtained uniformity and coloration in strips, according to the arrangement of the colors of the central part. The basic colors of the plastic surface are located in the middle, all of the extrusion being done through the center of the extruder (extruder), and the supply conduits distributing the molten plastic over its entire length, up to the matrix through which the output is made. The flow rate flowing through these supply conduits is adjusted by means of threaded rods ending in a nut head which serves to obtain the constriction of the flow of fluid plastic material, and thus to regulate its flow rate.

 This extruder consists of main parts, joined together to form a compact unit.

 The essential part of this extruder, or extruder, is located inside of it, in its lower part. Its role is to form bands and is made up of two contiguous parts.

Its lower part includes a prismatic body whose anterior end is triangular in shape. To this lower body is screwed an additional upper body which is formed of a single piece, provided with a series of notches of triangular shape diverging towards the outside and through which the plastic is deposited. These triangular portions give, at the outlet, the elementary band width of each of the colors which the entire plastic plate to be configured must include. This great interchangeability implies small dimensions of the workpiece, which is therefore relatively straightforward, and the possibility of varying the width of the elementary bands to be conformed as desired.

 This part, previously briefly described, is provided with an interchangeable intermediate part or plate, which allows the distribution, to outlet channels or to others, of the different colors which are provided for manufacturing. First, there is a rectangular prismatic entry plate which has an optional number of horizontal grooves depending on the number of colors desired; these grooves being generally three in number. They are made at the front of the plate and are intended to receive the molten plastic material through their supply orifices, perfectly isolated from each other, which distribute the plastic material of each color in the groove which corresponds to it. Following this input plate, comes the intermediate and interchangeable prismatic plate which allows and performs the real exchange of colors to be distributed in the output channels. At the rear and following the entry plate are circular orifices at different levels than that of the chosen horizontal groove on the entry plate, thus allowing the passage of the desired color. This orifice communicates with the front part of the plate and ends in its center, that is to say that the orifices which take on the color of the lower part end in an elongated notch towards the upper part, which coincides with its extremrté, with the central part. On the contrary, the orifices which take the color of the upper horizontal groove, have an identical notch, elongated at its front end downwards, to make it coincide with the center of the plate. For their part, the orifices which take on the color of the intermediate horizontal groove are circular orifices, without grooves, since these same orifices lead to the central zone.

 Following this intermediate plate, which ends in centered orifices, comes the. central lower body of the machine, formed by an elongated rectangular prism whose upper front end is triangular. Likewise, it has vertical distribution channels for the plastic, the upper end of which comprises the flow adjustment screws. Each of these supply orifices leads to its corresponding triangular notch in the lower part, responsible for configuring the basic width of each strip. The supply arrives at these vertical channels through horizontal orifices which receive the supply from the intermediate plate.

 In this way, it is therefore easy to realize that by changing only the indicated intermediate plate, with the corresponding adaptation of the orifices, it is possible to distribute each of the colors of the bands suitably, without having to make very costly changes. of complicated machining parts. Thus, if we want to distribute, from bottom to top on the entry plate, three colors (yellow, green and red) in its horizontal grooves: if we want the first strip to be yellow, the plate must intermediate comprises at the rear and in contact with the entry plate, a lower orifice which collects this yellow color and sends it to the center of the front face. If this first strip is to be green, the orifice must be located in the central zone, this color being collected in the intermediate horizontal groove and brought to the center of the front face. If, finally, it is preferred that this first strip is red, this orifice of the intermediate plate must be present in the upper part, coinciding with the upper groove, in order to collect and bring this red color to the front central part.

 On this main part, described in detail and located in the lower part, the upper internal part is placed, formed of a rectangular parallelepiped body which, at one of its lateral ends, has an extension in the shape of a triangular point. On the upper base are arranged the vertical orifices for conveying the plastic material; their extensions are vertical, and their outlets each lead to a horizontal conduit.

 As the main external part, a fixed lower part is provided, formed of an irregular prism, the flat lateral faces of which terminate in sharp angles. This part has orifices, crossing it over its entire length, of different internal diameters, in which the fixing screws are placed. The upper part of this part serves as a guide zone for the plastic, at its exit, while the internal inclined lateral face serves as a guide base for the molten plastic. This piece serves as a support for the plate formed by the juxtaposed bands of different colors.

 The main external part is also formed by an irregular prism with flat lateral faces, comprising externally and in its upper part consecutive prismatic appendages and separated by lower zones at the curved end. Each of these upper appendages is traversed by a threaded orifice, intended to receive a screw for adjusting the thickness of the extruded plastic plate. On the lower part, are also placed external appendages separated from each other by lowered parts with curved ends. These lower appendages are pierced with circular orifices through which the ends of the adjustment screws are introduced which, by tightening, deform the lower part. and thereby reduce the thickness of the outlet groove of the plastic. Following these lower parts, vertical grooves are arranged which reduce the thickness of the material and, consequently, contribute to deforming this latter part.

 The invention will be better understood by referring to the following description and to the appended drawing, which relate to a common form of execution thereof, cited by way of non-limiting example.

In the drawing
FIG. 1 represents a main section of the extruder or extruder according to the invention,
FIG. 2 represents the main upper part of the machine,
FIG. 3 represents a side view or section of the lower part of the machine,
FIG. 4 represents a perspective view of this part, dismantled,
FIG. 5 represents the assembly diagram and shows the operating principle of the inlet plate and the intermediate plate, in the body of the machine,
FIG. 6 represents an anterior view of the plastic input plate,
FIG. 7 represents, at the top an anterior view, at the bottom a posterior view, of the intermediate plate,
FIGS. 8 and 8 ′ represent the upper external part of the extruder, in profile and from the front, respectively, and,
- Figure 9, the lower outer part of this extruding machine.

 Figure 1 shows a side section of the extruder, or extruder, on which appear the most important parts of this machine, such as the upper inner part 1, which is used to convey, through parallel orifices, the plastic. On this part, there are flow regulators of the molten plastic material, 2, formed by screws which have, at their end, studs of smaller diameter, which, by being introduced into the conduits for conveying the material plastic, throttle the flow and then regulate it.

 Part 3 is the lower interior part of the machine. It also has central orifices, as well as lateral orifices, for the routing of the plastic material. The part 4 is the upper external part of the machine, which is fixed to the central body of the latter by means of consecutive screws. On the exterior part, it comprises screws placed one behind the other, which unite the upper part and the lower part, and which, by their rage, make it possible to reduce the mutual spacing of these two parts and, consequently, the thickness of plastic material exiting from its front end.

The part 5 is the lower external part, the upper end of which allows the exit, towards the outside, of the plastic material,
This part 5 is fixed to the body of the machine by means of screws, 6, arranged one after the other.

 Figure 2 shows the inner upper part of the extruder. It is formed by a rectangular parallelepiped body which comprises, on its front face, a triangular part. This part comprises the conduits for conveying plastics of different colors constituting the central part of the plate, as well as the upper conduits, 8, through which is conveyed the plastics material intended to form the cover of the bands formed, in the form of 'a uniform and transparent surface of the resulting plate.

This part also comprises upper orifices, in each of which is arranged a ring in which a screw for adjusting the plastic material flow is screwed. These screws are formed of a threaded part, close to their head, and of a lower stud which, by being introduced, throttles the flow of plastic material.

 The plastic materials of different colors are directed towards the outlet through the lower face 10 of this part 1, while the upper face of its extreme triangular zone 11 is used to drain the plastic material forming said cover, generally shiny and transparent.

 Figure 3 shows the profile, or side view, 12, of the lower part of the machine, formed of a rectangular prismatic body which comprises, on its front face, a projection of triangular shape 13. On this part comes superimpose another, additional, 14, which is an extension of the previous one and which comprises a series of triangular grooves 15 which cannot be seen in this schematic figure. than the profile and which are deeper in their center than at their anterior end.

 Figure 4 shows the same part as Figure 3, but in perspective, once disassembled. In this figure, which is much more explicit, we see the main body 12, with its triangular appendage 13, as well as the part 14, placed as an extension of the previous one and which comprises, in its upper part, a series of triangular grooves 16, of which the role is to conform the elementary bands according to their predetermined width, by making them come out by their end. The fixing of these two parts 12 and 14 is carried out by means of screws which, introduced into orifices 17 of the upper part 14, are screwed into the corresponding threaded orifices of the body 12. In this way, by changing a single piece: the part 14, we manage to vary more or less the width of the strips, which results in a saving of material, time and manpower to use.

 Figure 5 shows the mounting diagram of the inlet plate 25 and the intermediate plate 26 on the upper body of the machine. In this figure, we can clearly see, first the entry plate formed by a rectangular parallelepiped piece, which has three horizontal channels or slots, bearing the references 19, 20 and 21, for the three basic colors adopted in the example considered, but which are in no way limiting, and fed respectively by the three (or more) inlet orifices 22, 23 and 24, respectively. This allows the distribution of each of the colors of the plastic in the appropriate horizontal groove. Following this entry plate 25, is the intermediate plate 26, whose external shape is identical to that of the previous one, and whose position orifices is variable, depending on the color you want for #each of the bands. For this reason, the rear face of this plate has inlet holes for the molten plastic, which are situated at levels which coincide with that of the color considered and, consequently, with the horizontal groove arranged for this purpose; ; that is to say that, if the color placed at the bottom is desired, the orifice must be located in its lower part, while if the desired color is that which is found in the upper groove, the orifice must be located in the upper zone corresponding to the suitable groove, whereas if the color of the central groove is desired, the orifice must also be placed in the center. These orifices cross the part over any length and end on its anterior face, all of them coinciding in its central part; that is to say that the orifice which leaves from the lower zone 27 ends in an extension, directed upwards, 28, to finish, at its end, in the center. On the contrary, the orifice coming from the part su périeur 29, has at its front end an elongated downward groove, the end of which coincides with the central part of the plate. Likewise, the central orifice 31 crosses the plate right through and coincides with its center 32. All these orifices result in a set of parallel conduits 33 supplying the arrangements which conform the strips.

 FIG. 6 represents an anterior view of the inlet plate 25 of the plastic material, on which appear the horizontal grooves 19, 20 and 21 which each distribute a color and are suitably supplied by the inlet orifices 22, 23 and 24, respectively.

 FIG. 7 represents, at the top an anterior view, at the bottom a posterior view, of the intermediate plate 26. At the bottom, in the posterior view, the orifices 34 for receiving the plastic material appear, each of one of the desired colors, and therefore coinciding with one or the other of the horizontal grooves of different levels 19, 20 or 21, and, consequently, deflected upwards, deflected downwards, or held in the center. These orifices communicate with the front part and all end at the center of the plate, by the corresponding elongated grooves: upward the lower 35, or downward the upper 36, since the central orifices 37 do not have a groove, since they are already centers.

 Figures 8 and 8 'show the upper outer part of the extruder. It is formed by an irregular body, with flat walls, which has longitudinal orifices 38, for fixing this part to the base of the body. This body comprises, on the outside and at its ends, successive portions 39, separated from one another, one of the following, each comprising an orifice for introducing the end of a screw for adjusting the thickness of exit. In order to be able to deform as much as possible all of this lower end, a vertical groove is provided, and the upper end also includes projecting parts 41, the latter having threaded orifices allowing the introduction of the adjustment screws.

 The plastic material flows through the inclined lower face 42 and exits through the horizontal lower part 43 which is movable and adjusts the thickness of the plastic plate obtained.

 Figure 9 shows the lower outer part of the extruder. It is formed by an irregular body with flat walls, which is provided with horizontal orifices 44, through which the fixing screws of the latter are introduced. This part routes the plastic material through the upper inclined face 45 and the last part 46.

 Finally, the current embodiment of the invention, which has just been described with reference to the appended drawing, having been cited only by way of non-limiting example, a person skilled in the art can bring it any modifications of form or detail that he deems useful, or replace all or part of the constituent elements by equivalents, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

 1. Machine for the extrusion of plastics, because it is formed by assembling four main parts: two internal parts and two external parts, the upper internal main part being formed by a parallelepiped body rectangular which has at its front end a triangular shaped tip and inside its vertical plastic supply channels; the flow rate being adjusted by means of screws ending in studs which, by being introduced by screwing, allow the throttling of the conduits for conveying the molten plastic.  2. Machine according to claim 1, because ac té ri e e in that the inner and lower part (3) is formed of two parts (12,14), the first (12), or base, of rectangular parallelepiped shape, whose front end (13) is triangular in shape, on which is fixed, by corresponding threaded screws, the second part formed by a part or upper plate (14), whose form is the extension of the first part ( 12), this second part being of small thickness and comprising triangular grooves (15, 16) diverging towards the outside, which mark the thickness of each of the elementary bands of which the plate or total plastic band to be obtained must be composed.  3. Machine according to all of claims 1 and 2, because ac ery is ée in that the upper inner part (i) comprises an inlet plate (25) of the molten plastic, formed by a rectangular parallelepiped body which preferably comprises three horizontal grooves or slots (19, 20, 21) parallel, one for each of the chosen colors, supplied by the corresponding orifices (22, 23, 24) of plastic arrival.  4. Machine according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises, as an extension of the arrival plate (25), an intermediate plate (26), whose external shape is the same as that of the first (25) , and which has orifices (35, 36, 37) for entering the plastic material, each of them being situated at a level which is suitable for collecting the plastic material from the upper, intermediate or lower channel, and communicating with the part front of the plate through an orifice which pierces it and which is terminated by deflected vertical grooves: downwards, for the upper orifices (36), or upwards, for the lower orifices (35), so that their outlet takes place at a centered level, which coincides with the supply ports to the distribution channels.  5. Machine according to all of the preceding claims, because ac té ri se e in that it comprises an outer upper part (4), of irregular shape, with flat walls, the external face of which comprises a series of rectangular portions ( 41), # threaded in their upper part and mutually separated, one of the following, as well as another series of rectangular, lower portions (39), also mutually separated, one of the following, and pierced with a central orifice allowing the introduction of screws for adjusting the thickness of the plastic plate to be obtained; this part comprising, in its lower part, a vertical groove (40) close to the lower appendages, and which serves to weaken said part to allow adjustment of the thickness of the shaped plastic plate.  6. Machine according to all of the preceding claims, because it is intended to carry out the extrusion of plastics of different colors, through its center; the output of each color being made by each of the triangular portions (15, 16) of the lower interior part (3), and the extrusion of the cover of the final plate being carried out from the interior of said machine.