FR2554824A1 - PREPARATIONS FOR FORMATION OF A HYDROPHILIC FILM, PROCESS FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION AND ARTICLES THUS COATED - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION RELATES TO PREPARATIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF A HYDROPHILIC FILM, A PROCESS FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION AND THE ARTICLES THEREFORE COATED. THE PREPARATIONS ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION ARE CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THEY INCLUDE A RESIN-BASED PAINT INCLUDING A COATING BONDING COMPONENT AND AN AUXILIARY COATING ELEMENT IN WHICH AN ION-EXCHANGING RESIN POWDER IS DISPERSED. APPLICATION TO THE OBTAINING OF HYDROPHILIC FILMS ON THE SURFACE OF VARIOUS MATERIALS.

Description

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  PREPARATIONS FOR FORMATION OF A HYDROPHILIC FILM,

  PROCESS FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION AND ARTICLES THUS COATED

  The present invention relates to preparations for forming a hydrophilic film on the surface of materials such as metal, glass and plastics, etc., to articles comprising such hydrophilic films and to a process to form a hydrophilic film in

  Particularly resistant to corrosion.

  The term "article" above referred to means anything that is made from a suitable industrial material such as metal, glass, plastics, etc ... in a suitable form, for example, a profile such as a flat material of short length, a continuous flat material (for example a rolled product such as a sheet, a plate), a round material such as a rod, a bar, a tubular product, a blank material for a press, an extruded profile, etc ..., or parts obtained by putting said materials in the desired final shapes, which have been provided with a film, and, in the case of a profile, said form also includes that adaptable to plastic processing methods such as forging, deep drawing, bending,

punching, etc ...

  Preparations for forming a hydrophilic film are used to make hydrophilic films on material surfaces to prevent the formation of condensed water droplets on said surfaces and

  also for antistatic and demisting purposes.

  For example, in heat exchangers equipped with flat or corrugated fins, because of progress to tend to improve performance and compactness, the gap between the fins has been decreased in order to improve the heat transfer capacity. The exchange of heat with the atmosphere is done through the surface of the fins and the atmospheric moisture condenses on said surface, but if the interval between fins becomes less than 3 to 4 mm for example, condensed water forms a bridge between the fins and, as a result, increases the resistance to the flow of air which causes the appearance of noise and a reduction in the yield of energy consumption, and, consequently, had to avoid the formation of bridges by imparting hydrophilic properties to the surface of the fins. In order to impart such hydrophilic properties, a means suitable for the materials used is used and, for example, it is known to produce a coating of resin-based paints containing a silica powder or a surfactant as an agent imparting hydrophilic properties. However, we have encountered various problems. For example, the silica powder does not hold in the molding presses which reduces the uniformity of the film and, in order to avoid this, if silica powder is added in large quantities, this reduces the thickness of the inorganic film and its resistance to corrosion. However, if the concentration of hexavalent chromium ions is increased to compensate for this effect of the silica, then the hexavalent ions will disperse out of the formed film and cause die abrasion when performing die casting after forming of the film, or the surfactant gradually disperses over time which decreases the hydrophilic properties and, in certain atmospheres of use, the increase in hydrophilic properties cause a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the material. In the present invention it has been found that since ion exchange resins are inherently insoluble in water, have hydrophilic exchange groups and a high propensity to absorb water from the atmosphere, it is possible to obtain a preparation capable of forming an excellent hydrophilic film by dispersing an ion exchange resin powder in a resin-based paint. In addition, by providing a suitable primer treatment, the corrosion resistance has also been improved, and by intensively pursuing further studies,

realized the present invention.

  It is therefore an object of this invention to provide preparations capable of forming films

  having excellent hydrophilic properties.

  The invention also relates to obtaining articles having such a hydrophilic film on at least one of

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their surfaces.

  The invention finally relates to a method for forming such a hydrophilic film on at least one of the surfaces of a material. The essence of the invention resides, on the one hand, in a preparation for the formation of a hydrophilic film comprising a resin-based paint comprising a coating-binding component - for example, a natural resin such as a an alkyd resin and a synthetic resin such as an acrylic resin; and an auxiliary coating element comprising in the dispersed state an ion exchange resin powder, on the other hand, in an article comprising a film formed with said preparation on at least one of its surfaces, and finally in a process for forming a film

  resistant to corrosion and having hydrophilic properties.

  As examples of materials for said articles, mention may be made of metal, glass, plastics and their composites. More particularly, as an example of metallic materials include iron, steel, aluminum, copper and other commonly used metals, and their alloys. As examples of plastics, mention may be made of general-purpose commercially available ones, such as thermoplastic synthetic resins, thermosetting synthetic resins, reinforced plastics, etc. These materials may be the subject of a primer treatment, if desired, as described below, in combination with a surface cleaning such as degreasing, etc ..., before the

formation of a hydrophilic film.

  The preparation for the formation of such a film

  hydrophilic comprises the constituents below.

  As the coating binding component, those conventionally used in resin-based paints can be suitably selected from thermoplastic and thermosetting synthetic resins, but taking into account the conditions of use of the product to which the film is applied. hydrophilic, stability of the ion exchange resin, etc .... a resin having a softening temperature equal to or greater than 80 C being -4-

  preferred in the case of a thermoplastic resin.

  In the case of a thermosetting resin, if the latter has a curing temperature greater than 150 ° C., the baking time for the film is preferably 10 minutes or more, whereas in the case of a resin having a temperature curing time of less than 150 ° C., the oven heating time preferably can be up to one minute As the coating-binding component capable of satisfying the above conditions, it is possible to use alkyd resins, resins and the like. acrylic resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, vinyl acetate resins, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyester resins, silicone resins, fluorocarbon resins, urethane resins, etc., but these examples are simply

illustrative and non-limiting.

  In addition, the present film-forming preparation may contain, as an auxiliary coating element, in order to obtain a good flow quality on the coating, ie water, in the case of a water-based paint, ie a hydrocarbon, an alcohol, an ester, a ketone, an ether, or the like, in the case of an organic solvent-based paint depending on the characteristics of the resin used, and only with the paintings

conventional.

  The amount of solvent added can be freely selected in a suitable range to achieve flow qualities depending on the coating as well as conventional paints, and this amount can also be selected in a suitable range depending on the

the desired level of hydrophilicity.

  As ion exchange resin, one can generally use one of those obtained by fixing a hydrophilic atomic group, such as a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a group phosphinic acid, a quaternary ammonium group, or a primary or secondary amine group, on a condensation type resin such as a phenolsulfonic acid resin, an ethyleneimine-epichlorohydrin resin, an epoxy resin, and the like; an additional polymer resin obtained by copolymerization of styrene or metacrylic acid with divinylbenzene as crosslinking agent, these resins being frequently used as cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin. In addition, it is also possible to use amphoteric ion exchange resins obtained by polymerization of acrylic acid with strongly basic anion exchange resins, fluorocarbon resins in which hydrophilic atomic groups have been incorporated, etc. these resins being commercially available. From the point of view of the hydrophilic properties, it is possible to use in the invention ion exchange resins having an exchange capacity per gram of dry resin of 0.5 meq./g of dry resin or more, and preferably a capacity of 1.0 meq./g of dry resin or more. In addition, resins having a capacity of less than 0.5 can not provide the required wettability. In addition, even a phenolic resin may be used as an ion exchange resin if it is insoluble and has similar characteristics

those of a surfactant.

  These cation and ion exchange resins (including those of the alkali metal-substituted salt type) are suitable for use provided that they have very good hydrophilic properties and, among them, the exchange resin is preferred. strongly acidic

sulfonic acid type.

  In addition, depending on the desired hydrophilic level, it is also possible to use a mixture of at least two components obtained by mixing a strongly acidic cation exchange resin and a weakly acidic cation exchange resin, strongly basic ions and a weakly basic ion exchange resin, or a cation exchange resin, and a ion exchange resin in pieces with or without original impurities can also be used. Commercially available ion exchange resins usually have particles having a particle size of from about 2 mm to about 0.297 mm, and, therefore, are used after milling depending on the desired film thickness. In general, a film thickness of about 0.5 to 50 microns is desired. If this thickness is less than 0.5 micron, a film having desired stable characteristics can not be obtained. While beyond 50 micrometers in thickness, one does not obtain an obvious increase of the characteristics of the film but simply an increase of the cost of the operation. As a result, with respect to the thickness and uniformity of the film, in general, grinding is carried out to have an average particle diameter of 1 micrometer or less, for example, by means of a grinding mill. vibrating balls, before use. For example in the case of heat exchanger fins the average particle diameter is preferably between 0.5 and 1 micrometer. In addition, if such grinding is done for quality analysis for special purposes or for ultra-pure quality, it goes without saying that the resin can be used as is. On the other hand, it is also possible to use a means for adjusting the desired final particle diameter by an auxiliary kneading step.

  with a resin-based paint.

  While the amount of ion exchange resin added with respect to the coating-binding component in the present film-forming preparation can be suitably selected depending on the exchange capacity of the exchange resin. ion exchange resin relative to the total weight of the coating binder and the ion exchange resin powder is 0.1 or more in dry weight (this proportion being hereinafter referred to as "resin exchange rate"). If the level of the exchange resin is less than 0.1, it is difficult to stably obtain the desired level of hydrophilicity. The level of exchange resin is in the range of 0.3 to 0.7. Beyond 0.7,

  adhesion to the substrate is low.

  For example, when the present preparation is used in particular for anti-static purposes requiring

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  only hydrophilic properties, the level of exchange resin is preferably 0.5 or more, but when both hydrophilic properties and moldability to the press are particularly sought, it is preferable that the exchange resin level is of 0, 3 or more. In addition, when the invention is applied to demisting plastic materials, the resin exchange rate can go down

up to about 0.2.

  The solvent for the coating auxiliary element can be added to the present preparation by addition to a controlled solution resulting from the mixing of the coating binding component with the ion exchange resin used, by integral addition of these three elements and

mixing at the start, etc ...

  In addition, it is also possible to add, if desired, to the present preparation various additives conferring on the paint different properties. More particularly, a dispersing agent, an anti-mold agent, an anti-skin agent, a slip agent, an antifoaming agent, etc., can be added in an amount of about 1 to 2% by weight.

weight respectively.

  Furthermore, it is possible to add, as an agent for improving the initial hydrophilic properties, a surfactant such as α-olefin sulfonates, etc., in an amount

from 0.5 to 10% by weight.

  Embodiments of the present preparation for forming a film will now be described. Any conventional means of application in the art of painting may be used, for example, roller application, spraying, dipping, brushing, centrifugation, etc., and the weight in this case, the coating is suitably in the range of 1 to 3 g / m 2 (dry weight). If the paint is of the air-drying type, it is applied and then air-dried so as to fix the film, or if the paint is of the thermosetting type, a parboiling is carried out under conditions suitable heating means which may not adversely affect the characteristics of the ion exchange resin. Then, as pretreatment for the formation of the film, one can

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  Also perform a primer treatment described hereinafter to improve the corrosion resistance of the

  surface of the material and the fixing of the film.

  For the primer treatment, it is possible to use a process for forming an oxidized film or a method of forming an anti-corrosive metal film using aluminum, zinc, copper, chromium, etc. or the like,

  these two methods can be used in combination.

  As a method of forming an oxidized film, any one of the conventional methods can be used, for example a method producing a chemically oxidized film, a method producing an anodized film, etc., but the chemically oxidized film method is it is preferable that a film of relatively thin thickness having excellent resistance to

corrosion.

  Examples of chemically oxidized film methods include, according to the bath component, the so-called alkaline chromate method such as the so-called MBV method, the so-called EW method, the Pylumin method and the so-called Alrock method, and the methods known as acid chromate such as the so-called Bonderite method, and the so-called Alodine method, as well as the Boehmite treatment method, a phosphate salt method, etc.

  In general, a method of chromate film processing is used which consists of using chromic acid fluoride as the main component of the bath and operating at a bath temperature of 20 to 40 ° C for a period of 5 seconds to 5 minutes. minutes, a method of treating chromium phosphate film which consists of using chromic acid, hydrofluoric acid and phosphoric acid as main components of the bath and operating at a temperature of 26 to 60 C during a period of 30 seconds to 7 minutes, a method of treating a phosphate salt film which consists in using a phosphate salt such as a zinc phosphate, a manganese phosphate, etc., as the main component of the bath and operating at a temperature of 100 C for a period of about 5 minutes, or a Boehmite method of operating with steam, hot saturated water, triethanolamine or the like.

  These methods can be implemented by immersion, spraying, roller application, steam-gun method, etc. With the aid of these methods, a chemically oxidized film with a thickness of 0.005 micrometer or more, below 0.005 micrometer, the characteristics of the anti-corrosive primer layer being insufficient. For example, in the case of heat exchanger fins, the preferable thickness is about 0.01 to 0.5 micrometer and, when there is no molding operation after formation of the film, or when the thermal conductivity of the film is not important, a film thickness

  5 microns or more can also be used.

  Examples of a method of forming an anti-corrosive metal film include electrolytic deposition, precipitation, flame spraying, plating, etc., using a metal such as aluminum, zinc , copper, chrome, etc ..., and among these methods we choose the one that is appropriate to nature

of the material and its use.

  In other words, for example, in the case of a zinc coating, a zinc film may be formed by a method of electrolytic deposition in a bath containing 150 to 240 g / l of zinc oxide. 500 to 550 g / l of sodium hydroxide and 5 to 10 g / l of sodium cyanide as main components by an acid zinc electroless plating bath method using zinc sulfate, zinc chloride and zinc borofluoride by a zincate electroless plating bath method using zinc oxide and sodium hydroxide as the main components by a neutral zinc electroplating bath method in which the bath contains a chelating agent such as an oxyacid added to zinc chloride, by a pyrophosphoric acid bath method, etc., or by a method of deposition with molten zinc consisting in carrying out a pretreatment treatment; help of ammonium chloride and zinc ammonium chloride and then immersing in a molten zinc metal bath, flame spraying, plating or the like. Like the aluminum coating method, a molten aluminum deposit may be used by immersion in a pickling bath comprising a mixture of potassium chloride and sodium chloride or a mixture of cryolite and aluminum fluoride. , then immersion in a molten aluminum bath, plasma flame spraying, vacuum deposition,

plating etc ...

  By these methods, an anti-corrosive metal film with a thickness of at least 3 micrometers, below 3 micrometers is obtained, the characteristics of the anti-corrosive bottom layer being insufficient. The film thickness varies depending on the use and, for example, in the case of heat exchanger fins, the preferred thickness is about 5 to 10 microns, but when there is it is not necessary for molding after the formation of the film or when the thermal conductivity of the film is not important, a thickness of more than 10 micrometers may be suitable. Among these methods of primer treatment for improving the corrosion resistance, in practice the chromate treatment method is preferred.

  providing the best effects economically.

  The hydrophilic film according to the present invention has been described above and the film formed with the present preparation has characteristics of extremely low deterioration over time in use, and very low abrasion due to matrix when the treated material is molded under pressure after the formation of the film. As a result, the invention not only suitably applies to the preparation of a hydrophilic film for high density fins heat exchanger fins, but also enables a film having excellent hydrophilic properties to be produced. which can not be obtained with conventional preparations and which can be used for anti-static and defogging purposes etc ..., and, in addition, by providing a primer treatment, one obtains a

  excellent resistance to corrosion.

  We will now describe several examples of

  of the present invention.

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EXAMPLE 1

  A commercially available polystyrene sulfonic acid sulfonic acid type 4.5 cation exchange resin (Amberlite IR-120 produced by ROHM & HAAS Co.) was milled in a vibrating ball mill. for about 30 minutes and dried with the infrared lamp to obtain a fine powder with a mean particle diameter of 15 microns and comprising 12% water. Next, 200 g of this fine powder, 650 g of an ester-based water-soluble epoxy paint (Watersol S-352 manufactured by the company DAINIPPON INK AND CHEMICAL, INC., 46% solids), 100 g Cellosolve butyl and 400 g of water were added to a mixing tank and kneaded for about 6 hours to achieve a uniform dispersion. There was thus obtained a particle diameter of the ion exchange resin of 0.5 to 1

micrometer.

  The resulting preparation was applied using a bar application device (# 12) to an aluminum panel previously cleaned and dried at 230 ° C.

  for 30 seconds for fixation purposes.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES

  In the case of the ester-based epoxy paint used in Example 1 directly applied (Comparative Example 1) and in the case of the application of a thermosetting acrylic resin paint commercially available containing a wet-type surfactant (18% solids) (Comparative Example 2), treatment was carried out under conditions of application and drying similar to those of Example 1. The products of these examples and examples comparatives have been subjected to various tests. The

  The results are shown in Table 1 below.

  In this table, the initial wettability corresponds to the wetting conditions of a sample 30 seconds after having removed said sample from a deionized water bath, and is expressed in relation to the wetting of the sample.

total area taken for 100%.

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TABLE 1

::. ::

  :: Wettability with water: Wetting: Test of: ____ :: _____: bility: spraying: :: Mouillabi-: Test of: à la: brine :: :: lité: mooring: press: (after: :: initial :: 100 hours):

::: - :::

  ::: 100% same :: corrosion:: Example 1: 100%: after 1000: good: less than: ::: hours:: 5%:

:: :: ::

:: :: ::

  : Example: 0: 0: good: -id-: comparative 1 :: :::

  : Example: 100%: 50% after: good: -id-

: comparative 2 :: 30 hours ::

NOTES:

  Wetting test: The sample was left in a 100% atmosphere

humidity and at a

at 50 C.

  Moldability to the press: Evaluated from the conditions

  abrasion of the matrix. From these results it appears that when using the resin-based paint of Comparative Example 2, although the moldability to the press after the formation of the film is good, the deterioration of the hydrophilic properties (expressed in this case by the wettability with water) is inferior in the case of the present invention and better results are

obtained by this one.

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EXAMPLE 2

  8 g of a 5% solution of cobalt naphthenate was added as a desiccant to the composition of Example 1 and a similar kneading operation was carried out. The resulting paint was applied to a previously defatted aluminum fin plate material intended for heat exchangers, subjected to forced drying and left at room temperature for three days in order to fix

the film.

  Then, a similar test to that of Example 1 was carried out to obtain almost similar results and, in particular, a remarkable increase in xylene resistance was found, thus indicating improved corrosion resistance. This seems to be because naphthenate

cobalt acts as a catalyst.

EXAMPLE 3

  A fine powder polystyrene sulfonic acid type cation exchange resin obtained by the methods described in Example 1: 4.5 (meq / g dry resin) (Amberlite IR-120) was mixed with a paint based on air drying acrylic resin (Acrydic A-165 manufactured by the company DAINIPPON INK AND CHEMICAL, INC .; 45% solids) at a resin exchange rate of 0.70 with also 0.5% of total weight of the resin paint of a wetting dispersant (BM 1000 manufactured by BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG, Germany-Federal) to improve the dispersibility of the ion exchange resin, and, subsequently, similarly a kneading

  in a mixing tank for five hours.

  The resultant film former was applied to a 1.0 mm thick transparent plastic plate at 0.5 micrometer dry film thickness and left at room temperature for

drying and fixing.

  The resulting coated surface was subjected to an exposure test at one atmosphere at a temperature of 40 C and a relative humidity of 90 + or -5% and an outside temperature of 27 C. The plate provided with a film formed in accordance with the invention has retained its transparency and has not presented tasks while a plastic plate naked without coating has shown stains on its entire surface.

-EXAMPLE 4

  250 g of a dried fine powder (mean diameter of particles 1.0 micrometer, 5% water) of a weakly acidic cation exchange resin: 10 (meq./g of dry resin) (Amberlite IRC-50 manufactured by the company ROHM & HAAS Co.), 700g of a modified alkyd resin paint (P-86-50 manufactured by the company DAINIPPON INK AND CHEMICAL, INC.), 300 cc xylene, 30 g d a dispersant (BM 1000 manufactured by BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG, Federal Germany) and 7 g of a consistency agent (BM1800A manufactured by BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE, Germany) were added and mixed in a high speed mixer. during 30 minutes. The solid content of the alkyd resin paint was 50% and the resin exchange rate of the preparation for the resulting film formation was 0.38. This preparation was applied by brush on a zinc-plated steel plate, and heated to 200 ° C for

to form a film.

  The wettability of the film was measured under conditions similar to those of Example 1 to obtain a wetting test result of 97% after 48 hours, which indicates that the deterioration of the hydrophilic properties was

extremely weak.

EXAMPLE 5

  A preparation for forming a hydrophilic film made in a manner similar to Example 1 (except that the average particle diameter of the ion exchange resin milled in the vibrating ball mill was 1.0 micron and the content after 5% infra-red lamp drying) was continuously spread by means of a roller applicator onto a previously degreased laminated fin material for heat exchangers. aluminum heat, and dried in a 230 C hot air drying oven for 30 seconds for fixation. A test sample was prepared from the finned material thus treated, immersed in deionized water, then taken out of the water, and the water wettability seconds later was measured and taken as 100%. and when a wetting test (operated in 50% humidity and 50 C atmosphere) was performed, the wettability was found to be 100% even after 1000 hours. In addition, the result of the brine spray test showed a rate of corrosion after

100 hours less than 5%.

  Then, the film-coated fin material was punched to make fin elements in a desired shape by press molding and the surfaces of these fin elements were subjected to a treatment.

"Louver".

  In the press molding, neither abrasion of the molding die nor any damage to the film was observed, as was observed with hydrophilic silica-based films, and thus good artwork. In addition, when the resulting fin elements were used by assembly in an automotive condenser, the desired continuous operation was possible even when

  humidity variations of the atmosphere.

EXAMPLE 6

  A wound aluminum foil material (AA 3105 alloy, 0.12 mm plate thickness) defatted with a weakly alkaline cleaning agent (Trade Mark: FC 315, manufactured by NIHON PARKERIZING Co. , Ltd) was coated with a phosphoric acid chromate treating agent having a concentration of 1.3% by weight (trade name: ALODINE 401-45, manufactured by NIPPON PAINT Co. Ltd.) by spraying and heated to 35 C to form a

  bottom layer of about 70 A on the surface.

  Next, an ion exchange resin of the sulfonic acid type (trade name: R120B, manufactured by JAPAN ORGANO Co., Ltd) with an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 1 micrometer was added to a paint of the same type. catalytically-cured ester epoxy water (trademark: WATERSOL S346, manufactured by the company DAINIPPON INK AND CHEMICAL, Inc.) so as to have a proportion of dry solids of 40% by weight, and thoroughly mixed to prepare a hydrophilic film-forming agent, which was then applied to said primer so as to have a coating weight of 1.5 g / m 2 (dry weight) and heated to 230 ° C in a hot air furnace for 30 seconds in

  to achieve a heating treatment steaming.

  The coil material obtained by the above treatment was subjected to punching and welding to obtain spacers which were tested by tests for hydrophilic properties and strength.

to corrosion.

  More particularly, the long-term stability of the hydrophilic properties was evaluated by the percentage of wet surface in the presence of an atmosphere at 95% relative humidity and a temperature of 50 C for 500 hours and this percentage was found to be equal to 100% thus confirming

  good hydrophilic properties.

  On the other hand, the corrosion resistance was tested by a 500 hour brine spray test according to Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z 2371 (1955), and it was found that no corrosion had been generated. neither in the untreated nor in the welded part confirming the excellent resistance to corrosion, and therefore this confirmed that the present invention allows to obtain an excellent film both with respect to the hydrophilic properties and the resistance to corrosion, and that after the

  film formation, machinability is also excellent.

  Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, it is obvious that many variations and modifications can be made therein.

  made without departing from the scope of the invention.

  For example, it is possible to form a hydrophilic film-forming agent immediately on the surface of an article by means of a mixture of components comprising a step of forming a resin-based paint film on said surface and a step of spraying an ion exchange resin powder onto said resin-based paint film.

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Claims (34)

  A preparation for forming a hydrophilic film characterized in that it comprises a resin-based paint comprising a coating-binding component and an auxiliary coating element in which is dispersed an ion-exchange resin powder. . 2. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the proportion of ion exchange resin in the total weight of the coating component and the ion exchange resin powder is in dry weight of 0.1 or more.   3. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating binding component is a thermoplastic synthetic resin having a point of   softening equal to or greater than 80 C.   4. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the coating binding component is at least one of the resins of the group consisting of an alkyd resin, an acrylic resin, a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a vinyl acetate resin , an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, a polyester resin, a silicone resin, a fluorocarbon resin, and a urethane resin. 5. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary coating element is water or one of the elements of the group formed by a hydrocarbon, a   alcohol, an ester, a ketone, and an ether.   6. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ion exchange resin powder is such that its total exchange capacity is from. less than 0.5 (meq / g of dry resin).   7. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ion exchange resin powder is such that its total exchange capacity is at least 1.0 (meq./g of dry resin).   8. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ion exchange resin powder is milled to an average particle diameter of less than or equal to one micrometer. 9. Preparation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further contains 1 to 2% by weight of at least one of the group consisting of a dispersant, an anti-mold agent, an anti-skin agent , a   slip agent, and an anti-foam agent.   10. Preparation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it additionally contains 0.5 to 10% by weight. weight of a surfactant.   11. Article characterized in that it comprises a film formed using a preparation for the formation of a hydrophilic film according to claim 1, on at least one of   surfaces of the material of said article.   12. Article characterized in that it comprises a film formed using a preparation for the formation of a hydrophilic film according to claim 1 on at least one surface of the material, the latter being provided with a treatment. layer background.   13. Article according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the thickness of the film formed using   said preparation is between 0.5 and 50 micrometers.   14. A process for forming a hydrophilic film, characterized in that it consists in forming an anti-corrosive base layer on at least one surface of the material and in making a film, using the preparation according to   claim 1, on said bottom layer.   15. The method of claim 14, characterized in that the step of forming said primer consists of forming an oxidized film or an anti-corrosive metal film. 16. Process according to claim 15, characterized in that the oxidized film is formed by an oxidized film method   chemically or anodized film method.   17. The method of claim 15, characterized in that the anti-corrosion metal film is formed by electroplating, precipitation, flame spraying or plating. An article comprising a hydrophilic film, characterized in that the film having an ion exchange resin powder dispersed therein has been formed on at least one surface of the material.   19. Article according to claim 18, characterized in that it is further provided with a treatment layer of   bottom on at least one surface of the material.   20. Article according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the thickness of the film is between 0.5 and 50 micrometers. 21. Article according to claim 18, characterized in that said material is at least one of the materials of the   group formed by a metal, a glass and a plastic material.   22. Article according to claim 21, characterized in that said metallic material is iron, steel, aluminum or copper.   23. Article according to claim 21, characterized in that said plastic material is a thermoplastic synthetic resin, a thermosetting synthetic resin or a reinforced plastic material.   24. Article according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that said hydrophilic film is formed on at least one surface of the material by roller application, spraying, immersion, brushing or centrifugation. 25. A process for forming a hydrophilic film, characterized in that it consists in forming an anticorrosive primer layer on a material and forming a hydrophilic film in which a resin of exchange resin is dispersed. ions on said bottom layer.   26. The method of claim 25, characterized in that said step of forming the primer consists of forming an oxidized film or an anti-corrosive metal film. 27. Process according to claim 25, characterized in that said step of forming an oxidized film is carried out by a chemically oxidized film method or a anodized film method.   28. The process according to claim 27, characterized in that said chemically oxidized film method is an alkali chromate method, an oxidized chromate method,   a Boehmite method or a phosphate salt method.   The method of claim 27, characterized in that said chemically oxidized film is formed by immersion, spraying, roller coating or the like. a method with a steam gun.   30. Process according to claim 26, characterized in that the thickness of said chemically oxidized film is from less 0.005 micrometer.   31. The method of claim 26, characterized in that said anti-corrosion metal film is formed by electrolytic deposition, precipitation, flame spraying. or plating.   32. Process according to claim 26, characterized in that the thickness of said anti-corrosive metal film is at least 3 microns.   33. A process according to claim 25, characterized in that said hydrophilic film is formed by roller application, spraying, dipping, brushing, or centrifugation.   34. Process according to claim 25, characterized in that the thickness of said hydrophilic film is between 0.5 and 5 micrometers.