FR2553960A1 - Standard gauge used for measuring the relative sensitivities of longitudinal wave and transverse wave ultrasound transducers - Google Patents

Standard gauge used for measuring the relative sensitivities of longitudinal wave and transverse wave ultrasound transducers Download PDF

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FR2553960A1
FR2553960A1 FR8316932A FR8316932A FR2553960A1 FR 2553960 A1 FR2553960 A1 FR 2553960A1 FR 8316932 A FR8316932 A FR 8316932A FR 8316932 A FR8316932 A FR 8316932A FR 2553960 A1 FR2553960 A1 FR 2553960A1
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wave
transverse
longitudinal
translators
face
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PERDRIX MICHEL
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PERDRIX MICHEL
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H3/00Measuring characteristics of vibrations by using a detector in a fluid
    • G01H3/005Testing or calibrating of detectors covered by the subgroups of G01H3/00

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a standard gauge and the experimental device permitting measurement of the relative sensitivities of longitudinal wave and transverse wave ultrasound transducers. It consists of a standard gauge 10 converting the initial wave 1 generated by the transducer 11 into two waves 2 and 3, one longitudinal, the other transverse, and the ratio of the amplitudes of which is known. The transducers to be compared 13 and 14 are acoustically coupled to the faces CD and BC of the gauge and the electrical signals which they deliver are applied to a wide band amplifier 15 and to an oscilloscope 16 which are placed at the entrance to the measurement chain. The latter comprises: - in its analog configuration an analog gate 17, a frequency analyser 18 and a plotting table 19; - in its digital configuration a fast sampler 20, a minicomputer 21 and a plotting table 22. The device according to the invention is intended for all areas calling upon longitudinal wave and transverse wave transducers.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet une cale étalon destinée à transformer une onde ultrasonore initiale en une onde ultrasonore longitudinale et une onde ultrasonore transversale dont les amplitudes sont dans un rapport connu. Elle vise en outre l'application d'une telle cale à la mesure des sensibilités relatives de traducteurs ultrasonores à onde longitudinale et à onde transversale, respectivement appelé traducteur longitudinal et traducteur transversal. The subject of the present invention is a gauge block intended for transforming an initial ultrasonic wave into a longitudinal ultrasonic wave and a transverse ultrasonic wave whose amplitudes are in a known ratio. It further relates to the application of such a shim to the measurement of the relative sensitivities of ultrasonic translators with longitudinal wave and transverse wave, respectively called longitudinal translator and transverse translator.

Actuellement, il n'existe pas de méthode simple permettant de comparer les sensibilités de traducteurs ultrasonores longitudinal et transversal. Currently, there is no simple method for comparing the sensitivities of longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic translators.

En conséquence il n'est pas possible à partir de la mesure des tensions électriques délivrées par ces traducteurs de connaître le rapport des amplitudes des ondes ultrasonores qui les excitent. Or. dans les domaines de l'émission acoustique. de la génération d'ultrasons par laser. de la mesure d'une grandeur basée sur l'utilisation d'ondes longitudinales et transversales, etc ... il est nécessaire de pouvoir comparer les amplitudes des ondes détectées par les traducteurs ultrasonores.Consequently, it is not possible from the measurement of the electrical voltages delivered by these translators to know the ratio of the amplitudes of the ultrasonic waves which excite them. Or. In the areas of acoustic emission. of laser ultrasound generation. of the measurement of a quantity based on the use of longitudinal and transverse waves, etc ... it is necessary to be able to compare the amplitudes of the waves detected by the ultrasonic translators.

La présente invention vise à remédier à cet état de chose eut à réaliser une cale étalon, dont une forme possible (10) est représentée sur la figure 1. dans laquelle une onde initiale (1) donne naissance, par transformation de flIdL sur la face AB. à deux ondes (2) et (3) de modes longitudinal et transversal avec des amplitudes de rapport connu. Les ondes (2) et (3) peuvent servir à comparer les sensiblités de deux traducteurs longitudinal et transversal acoustiquement couplés en L et K aux faces BC et CD. The present invention aims to remedy this state of affairs had to achieve a gauge block, a possible shape (10) is shown in Figure 1. in which an initial wave (1) gives rise, by transformation of flIdL on the face AB. with two waves (2) and (3) of longitudinal and transverse modes with amplitudes of known ratio. Waves (2) and (3) can be used to compare the sensitivities of two acoustically coupled longitudinal and transverse translators in L and K with the faces BC and CD.

Conformément à l'invention. la cale étalon peut être taillée dans un matériau métallique ou plastiauecisotrope ou éventuellement anisotrope. According to the invention. the gauge block can be cut from a metallic or plastic material or isotropically or possibly anisotropic.

d'épaisseur voisine de 50 mm. de dimensions linéaires et angulaires dépendant des vitesses de propagation des ondes ultrasonores longitudinale et transversale dans le matériau qui la constitue. Les faces AB. BC, CD et
AD sont planes et rectifiées, la face AB étant protégée par une semelle de protection en plexiglass évidée. afin d'éviter toute pollution dans un rayon de 15 à 20 mm autour du point J. L'onde initiale (1) est générée par un traducteur ultrasonore émetteur récepteur (11) à bande large ou étroite et l'angle a est choisi tel que le rapport des amplitudes des ondes (2) et (3) varie le moins possible en fonction de a .Ce rapport, calculé avec le modèle de l'onde plane. est indépendant de la fréquence et il est nécessaire d'introduire une correction pour tenir compte des affaiblissements dus aux phénomènes de divergence et d'atténuation. ta correction, fonction de la fréquence. peut être déterminée de deux façons
soit théoriquement en utilisant les résultats de la littérature 111 121 permettant de calculer, en fonction du diamètre du traducteur, de la nature et de la géométrie de la cale, les affaiblissemnets dus aux phénomènes précités.
with a thickness close to 50 mm. of linear and angular dimensions depending on the propagation speeds of the longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves in the material of which it is made. The AB faces. BC, CD and
AD are flat and rectified, the AB face being protected by a hollowed out plexiglass protective sole. in order to avoid any pollution within a radius of 15 to 20 mm around the point J. The initial wave (1) is generated by an ultrasonic transceiver transmitter (11) with wide or narrow band and the angle a is chosen as that the ratio of the amplitudes of the waves (2) and (3) varies as little as possible as a function of a. This ratio, calculated with the model of the plane wave. is independent of the frequency and it is necessary to introduce a correction to take account of the attenuations due to the phenomena of divergence and attenuation. your correction, function of the frequency. can be determined in two ways
or theoretically by using the results of the literature 111 121 making it possible to calculate, as a function of the diameter of the translator, the nature and the geometry of the hold, the weakenings due to the aforementioned phenomena.

soit expérimentalement par mesure directe de l'affaiblissement total (divergence et atténuation) sur un matériau identique à celui de la cale. either experimentally by direct measurement of the total weakening (divergence and attenuation) on a material identical to that of the wedge.

Pour confirmer la correction introduite, il suffit de comparer les spectres des signaux S6 et S7 délivrés par le traducteur (11) sous l'action des ondes ultrasonores (6) et (7). L'onde (6) correspond à la propagation suivant IJLJI et l'onde (7) à la propagation suivant IJKJI. ces propagations faisant intervenir des changements de mode en J et des réflexions totales en L et K. L'application de la correction à ces deux ondes doit conduire à un rapport des spectres des signaux S6 et S7 conforme au rapport expérimental. To confirm the correction introduced, it suffices to compare the spectra of the signals S6 and S7 delivered by the translator (11) under the action of ultrasonic waves (6) and (7). The wave (6) corresponds to the propagation according to IJLJI and the wave (7) to the propagation according to IJKJI. these propagations involving mode changes in J and total reflections in L and K. The application of the correction to these two waves must lead to a ratio of the spectra of the signals S6 and S7 in accordance with the experimental ratio.

L'invention vise également un dispositif expérimental permettant d'effectuer la mesure des sensibilités relatives de traducteurs longitudinal et transversal à l'aide de la cale précédemment décrite. Ce dispositif,dont une configuration possible est représentée sur la figure 2 ,comprend
- une cale (10) du type décrit ci-dessus
- un traducteur large bande (11) et son système d'excitation électrique (12)
- les traducteurs (13) et (14), de modes différents, dont les sensibilités relatives sont déterminées en les couplant en L et K aux faces BC et CD de la cale (10)
- un amplificateur électrique large bande (15)
- un oscilloscope (16)
Ensuite deux configurations peuvent être utilisées
- montage analogiaue comprenant une porte analogique (17) un analyseur de fréquences (18) et une table traçante (19)
- montage numérique comprenant un échantillonneur rapide (20) un mini ordinateur (21) et une table traçante (22).
The invention also relates to an experimental device making it possible to measure the relative sensitivities of longitudinal and transverse translators using the previously described wedge. This device, a possible configuration of which is shown in FIG. 2, comprises
- a wedge (10) of the type described above
- a broadband translator (11) and its electrical excitation system (12)
- the translators (13) and (14), of different modes, whose relative sensitivities are determined by coupling them in L and K to the faces BC and CD of the hold (10)
- a wideband electric amplifier (15)
- an oscilloscope (16)
Then two configurations can be used
- analog assembly comprising an analog door (17) a frequency analyzer (18) and a plotter (19)
- digital assembly comprising a rapid sampler (20) a mini computer (21) and a plotter (22).

Pour fixer les idées par un exemple précis, la cale (10) d'angle a = 50 (figure 3 échelle 1) est en duralumin, matériau dans lecuel les vitesses de propagation ondes longitudinale et transversale sont VL = 6370 m/s et VT = 3100 m/s. L'onde initiale longitudinale (1) d'amplitude U1, de spectre compris entre 1 et 10 MHz st générée par un traducteur piézoélectrique large bande (11) de diamètre 19 mm.Au contact de la face AP, elle donne naissance à une onde longitudinale (2) d'amplitude U2, d'angle a = 500, et à une onde transversale (3) d'amplitude
U3, d'angle

Figure img00030001

le rapport théorique des amplitudes calculé avec le modèle de tonde plane étant
Figure img00030002
To fix the ideas by a precise example, the wedge (10) of angle a = 50 (figure 3 scale 1) is in duralumin, material in which the propagation velocities longitudinal and transverse are VL = 6370 m / s and VT = 3100 m / s. The initial longitudinal wave (1) of amplitude U1, with a spectrum between 1 and 10 MHz st generated by a broadband piezoelectric translator (11) with a diameter of 19 mm. Upon contact with the AP face, it gives rise to a wave longitudinal (2) of amplitude U2, of angle a = 500, and to a transverse wave (3) of amplitude
U3, corner
Figure img00030001

the theoretical ratio of the amplitudes calculated with the plane probe model being
Figure img00030002

Après réflexion totale en L et K ces ondes donnent naissance,par réflexion et par changement de mode au point J, aux ondes (6) et (7) dont le rapport théorique des amplitudes est

Figure img00030003
After total reflection in L and K these waves give rise, by reflection and by mode change at point J, to waves (6) and (7) whose theoretical ratio of amplitudes is
Figure img00030003

Si 1 on tient compte de la correction dus au phénomènes de divergence et d'atténuation, le rapport U7|U6 varie avec la fréquence comme l'indique la courbe (23) de la figure 4.Expérimentalement ce rapport varie comme le montre la courbe (24) ce qui confirme la validité de la correction que l'on peut alors appliquer afin d'obtenir le rapport exact U3/D2 qui est représenté sur la courbe (25). Ainsi. on connaît, pour chaque fréquence, le rapport de l'amplitude de l'onde transversale sur l'amplitude de l'onde longitudinale arrivant respectivement aux points K et L.If 1 the correction due to the divergence and attenuation phenomena is taken into account, the ratio U7 | U6 varies with frequency as indicated by curve (23) in Figure 4.Experimentally this ratio varies as shown by the curve (24) which confirms the validity of the correction which can then be applied in order to obtain the exact ratio U3 / D2 which is represented on the curve (25). So. we know, for each frequency, the ratio of the amplitude of the transverse wave to the amplitude of the longitudinal wave arriving at points K and L respectively.

Pour mesurer la sensibilité relative des traducteurs longitudinal (24) et transversal (25) on les couple à la cale en L et K et l'appareillage ainsi établi (figure 2) s'utilise comme suit
Si les traducteurs à comparer sont résonants à la même fréquence, il suffit de mesurer avec ltoscilloscope les tensions ET et EL aux bornes des traducteurs et de calculer

Figure img00030004
To measure the relative sensitivity of the longitudinal (24) and transverse (25) translators, they are coupled to the shim in L and K and the apparatus thus established (Figure 2) is used as follows
If the translators to be compared are resonant at the same frequency, it is sufficient to measure with the oscilloscope the voltages ET and EL at the terminals of the translators and to calculate
Figure img00030004

Si les traducteurs à comparer (24) et (25) sont large bande, il faut utiliser la chaîne analogique ou la chaîne numérique et effectuer l'opération précédente pour chaque fréquence. If the translators to be compared (24) and (25) are broadband, the analog chain or the digital chain must be used and the previous operation carried out for each frequency.

REFEHENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES |1| Ultrasonic diffraction from single aperture vith application to pulse measurements and crystal physics, E Papadakis, Physical Acoustic, vol 11,
p 151-211 (1976), Mason Thurston.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES | 1 | Ultrasonic diffraction from single aperture vith application to pulse measurements and crystal physics, E Papadakis, Physical Acoustic, vol 11,
p 151-211 (1976), Mason Thurston.

121 Ultrasonic attenuation caused by scattering in polyerystallkine media,
E Papadakis, Physical Acoustic, vol 4, p 269-328, (1966), Mason Thurston.
121 Ultrasonic attenuation caused by scattering in polyerystallkine media,
E Papadakis, Physical Acoustic, vol 4, p 269-328, (1966), Mason Thurston.

Claims (3)

REVENDICATIOR 1) Cale etalon taillée dans un matériau métallique ou plastique caractérisée en ce quelle comporte une face plane AB formant un angle a convenable avec la face plane AD. Les faces planes BC et CD sont perpendiculaires aux directions JL et JK formant elles mêmes les angles c et ss parfaitement déterminés avec la normale en J à la face AB.  1) Standard block cut in a metallic or plastic material characterized in that it comprises a planar face AB forming a suitable angle a with the planar face AD. The planar faces BC and CD are perpendicular to the directions JL and JK themselves forming the angles c and ss perfectly determined with the normal in J to the face AB. 2) Cale selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la face An est recouverte d'un matériau isolant présentant un évidement autour du point J. 2) Wedge according to claim 1 characterized in that the face An is covered with an insulating material having a recess around the point J. 3) Appareil pour la mesure des sensibilités relatives de traducteurs à onde longitudinale et à onde transversale au moyen d'une cale suivant la revendication qui précède, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un telle cale, un traducteur ultrasonore générant l'onde initiale, un amplificateur large bande recevant successivement les signaux délivrés par les traducteurs à comparer,une porte analogique suivie d'un analyseur de fréquence ou un échantillonneur suivi d'un mini ordinateur programmé pour calculer entre autres les spectres de fréquence des signaux et les corrections à apporter pour tenir compte des phénomènes de divergence et d'atténuation.  3) Apparatus for measuring the relative sensitivities of translators with longitudinal wave and transverse wave by means of a shim according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises such a shim, an ultrasonic translator generating the initial wave, a broadband amplifier successively receiving the signals delivered by the translators to be compared, an analog gate followed by a frequency analyzer or a sampler followed by a mini computer programmed to calculate, among other things, the frequency spectra of the signals and the corrections to be made to take into account divergence and attenuation phenomena.
FR8316932A 1983-10-20 1983-10-20 Standard gauge used for measuring the relative sensitivities of longitudinal wave and transverse wave ultrasound transducers Withdrawn FR2553960A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120087205A1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2012-04-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electromechanical transducer and method for detecting sensitivity variation of electromechanical transducer

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120087205A1 (en) * 2009-06-19 2012-04-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electromechanical transducer and method for detecting sensitivity variation of electromechanical transducer
US9321080B2 (en) * 2009-06-19 2016-04-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electromechanical transducer and method for detecting sensitivity variation of electromechanical transducer

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